2011级化工专业英语试卷

2011年春季学期应用化学专业《08级化学化工专业英语试卷答案》1. state-of-the-industry 中文：工业发展水平（1分）2. alkyl ether sulfate中文：烷基醚硫酸盐（酯）（1.5分）3. W/O 英文：water in oil，(oil emulsion) ；中文：油乳胶（油包水）（1.5分）4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式：（4分）5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文：Hydrophoby ；中文：疏水性（亲油性）(1.5分)6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文：Wetting agent ；中文：润湿剂(1.5分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文：Detergency ；中文：去污性（力）(1.5分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文：Signal attribute ；中文：信号属性(1.5分)9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文：ammonia ；中文：氨气(2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文：Carbon dioxide ；中文：二氧化碳(2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文：Fluorine ；中文：氟(2分)12. KH2PO4Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) (3.5分) 15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al (7.5分)16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文：这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。

第1页，共4页第2页，共4页任课教师签名：刘生桂 命题教师签名：刘生桂 系主任签名： 主管院长签名：湛江师范学院2010年－ 2011学年度第1学期期末考试试题(考试时间: 120 分钟)考试科目：化学专业英语一 词汇题 (20分)1 无机化学 Inorganic chemistry 11 结晶 crystal2 配位化学 coordination chemistry 12 室温 room temperature3 酸 acid 13 回流 reflux 4碱 alkali 14 克 gram5 氧气 oxygen gas 15 臭氧 ozon6 氮气 nitrogen gas 16 摘要 summary7 烧杯 beaker 17 结果 result8 试管 test tube 18 蒸发 evaporation9 酒精灯 spirit lamp 19 蒸馏 distillation 10 纯化 purification 20 甲烷 methane二 翻译题 （共60分）1 if you decide to go into agriculture, you will need to know about fertilizersandpesticides,as well as animal nutrition. Even if you enter some profession thatseems to have no connection with chemistry, such as law, you will find a knowledge of chemistry very wyers freguently have to deal with patents that concern chemical inventions.Some members of the U.S. Congress have had extensive chemical training,which gives them a great advantage in discussions of enviromental pollution, nuclear energy,the regulations of the Food and Drug Administration, and in other legislation that concerns scientific matters.如果你决定进入农业,你需要知道化肥和杀虫剂,以及动物营养。

化学工程与工艺专业英语试题卷参考答案一．Put the following into English or Chinese.1.石油化学制品2. alkali3. sodium carbonate4. 聚合作用5. ammonia6. 药物7. antioxidant8. 聚四氟乙烯9. 环己烷10..carbonmonoxide 11. 乙醇胺12. thermodynamics 13. 光谱学14. refinery 15. 多相的16. isothermal17. 聚氧化亚甲基18. chloride 19. ethanol 20. 聚氯乙烯二.Translation.1. 4 generations under one roof2. to be a winner of the family3. 教务处4.国家助学金5.Principles of chemistry(unit operations)6.生产实习7.graduation thesis8.妇产医院9.transport phenomena10.金窝，银窝，不如自己的狗窝11.normal university 12.综合性大学13.应试教育14.master of business administrator 15.分析化学16.税务局17.party committee 18.专卖店19.chain store(multiple shop) 20.主任医生三、Put the following sentences underlined into ChineseA在20世纪六、七十年代，由于聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚酯环氧树脂等聚合物合成需求量的大量增加，石油化工产品产量呈现爆炸式的增长。

B单一的化工厂产量有从精细化工领域的每年几吨到肥料、石油领域的化工巨头的每年500，000吨。

C一方面，化学生产工业的扩张，另一方面，化学工程与工艺科学的先进，这些使为化工生产奠定了理论基础成为了可能。

化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案：B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案：B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案：A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案：D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案：A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案：B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案：Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案：0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案：base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案：atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案：separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案：chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案：synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案：moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案：sublimation三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案：Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案：A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案：The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。

化工专业英语试卷Ⅰ.Put the following into Chinese or English.（20 points）1.polypropylene2.refinery3.extract4.corrosion5.pigment6. complex7. initial state8. hydrogen energy9. branch 10. alkali metal 11.表面活性剂12.热力学13.蒸馏14.高聚物15.溶液16. Seed crystal 17. Litmus paper 18. Evaporating dish 19.Distilling tube20. Simple substance1._____2._____3._____4.____5._____6._____7._____8.____9._____ 10._____ 11._____ 12.____13.____ 14._____ 15._____ 16.____17._____ 18.______ 19._____ 20._____Ⅱ.Translate these sentences into Chinese.（10 points）21. The drive to increased recycling and the ideal of emission-free plants will be a major factor influencing the development of the industry in the next decade.__________________________________________________________ 22. Chemical engineering has a bright future as interfacial discipline, that will bridge science engineering in the multidisciplinary environments where these new technologies will be brought into being.__________________________________________________________ 23. Foaming and cleaning agents are basic constituents of shampoos and cleansers.__________________________________________________________ 24. Surfactants are substances with molecular structures consisting of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic part.__________________________________________________________ 25. While this is true for the manufacturing any cosmetic, emulsions are particularly delicate: small deviations in the procedure of raw material specification can bring about marked changes in product viscosity and stability.__________________________________________________________Ⅲ.Guess word.（5 points）26.The inherent tendency of the whole or apart of the molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.H_______27. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases it is wetting tendency.W______ ______28. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.A______29. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.C______ _______30. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen. F______Ⅳ. In this section, there are 5 questions, each question has four options, one of them is correct, choose the answer you think is right.（10 points）31. The main constituents of plants are_____.A. oxygenB. waterC. carbonD. carbon hydrates32.____ is not categorized as high-volume sectors.A. carbon dioxideB. sculptures acidC. chloral-alkaliD. polythene33. Of all soda-ash, 50% is sold to the_____ industry.A building B. paper-making C. glass –making D. transportation34. ____is the chemical that is produced in the largest tonnage.A. carbonB. oxygenC. euphoric acidD. ammonia35. Almost all explosives are ultimately derive from_____.A. ureaB. nitric acidC. euphoric acidD. ammonia36. Light is given off by a sodium vapor streetlight when____A. electrons move from a given energy level to a higher energy levelB. electrons are removed from atoms and captions are formed.C. electrons move from a given energy level to a lower energy levelD. electrons are added to atoms and anions are formed37. Which mixture is most likely to be an ideal solution?A.CH3CH2OH and CH3(CH2)3CH3B. CH3(CH2)3CH3 and CH3(CH2)4CH3C. CH3CH2OH and H2OD. NaOH and H2O38. Electricity is carried through a solution of an electrolyte by____A. electrons onlyB. anions onlyC. cations onlyD. both cations and anions39. Which of the following is electrophilic reagent？A. H2N－NH2B. NaHSO3C. HNO3D. HCN40. Arrange the bases ClCH2COO-, CH3COO- and FCH2COO- in order of increasing strengthA. FCH2COO- < ClCH2COO- < CH3COO-B. CH3COO- < ClCH2COO- < FCH2COO-C. ClCH2COO- < FCH2COO- < CH3COO-D. CH3COO- < FCH2COO- < ClCH2COO-Ⅴ. In this section, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in aword bank following the passage.（10 points）One of the main reasons for the rapid growth of the chemical industry in the developed world has been its great 41____to, and investment in research and development (R&D). A typical figure is 5% of sales income, with this figure being almost doubled for the most research42_____ sector, pharmaceuticals. It is important to 43___ that we are quoting percentages here not of profits but of sales income, i.e. the total money received, which has to pay for 44____materials, overheads, staff salaries, etc. as well. In the past this tremendous investment has 45____well, leading to many useful and valuable products being 46____to the market. Examples include 47____polymers like nylons and polyesters, and drugs and pesticides. Although the number of new products introduced to the market has declined 48____in recent years, and in times of 49____the research department is usually one of the first to suffer50____, the commitment to R&D remains at a very high level.paid off syntheticemphasize cutbacksintensive introducedsignificantly commitmentrecession rawⅥ. There are one passage in this section, passage is followed by somequestions or statements. You should decide on the best choice.（10 points）The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their "ticking" .This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrates or "ticks" 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astrological observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this atomic Ron is a cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein's relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similarmodel. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.51. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be ______A more preciseB absolutely accurateC more durableD indestructible52. The passage says that the accuracy of scientific observation depends on ________.A. methods of measurementB. timekeeping methodsC. basic assumptionsD. earlier experiments53. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as to the usage of atomic clock?A. Scientific research.B. Astronomical observation.C. To check Einstein relativity theory.D. Long range navigation.54. Which of the following is implied but not stated?A. Precise timekeeping is essential in science.B. Scientists expect to disprove Einstein relativity theories.C. Atomic clocks will be important in space flight.D. The rate of vibration of an atom never varies.55. An appropriate title for this passage would be.A. A Peacetime Use of the AtomB. Atoms and MoleculesC. The Satellite TimekeepersD. The Role of the ClockⅦ.Translate into Chinese.（15 points）Note, however, that there has been a major change in recent years as academic institutions have increasingly turned to industry for research funding, with the result that much more of their research effort is mow devoted to more applied research. Even so, in academia the emphasis generally is very much on the research rather than the development.ⅧWriting.（20 points）For this part, you should write a short essay entitled The Development of Fine Chemicals. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.精细化工现状2.精细化工未来发展前景3.我的建议___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________KEY:1.聚丙烯2.炼油厂3.萃取；提炼4.腐蚀；锈蚀5.颜料；色素6. 络合物 6. surface-active agent7. 始态8. 氢键9. 支键10. 碱金属11.thermodynamics12. still 13.macromer 14.dissolution 15.solution 16. 晶种17. 石蕊试纸18. 蒸发皿19. 整流管20. 简单物质21.增加回收利用的动力和无废物排放工厂的理想在下个十年里是影响工业发展的主要因素.22.作为界面科学，化学工程有美好的未来，它把科学和工程连接在多学科的环境中，这将促使新技术的生成。

内蒙古大学鄂尔多斯学院《化工专业英语》期末考试试卷（A）（2010——2011学年第一学期）（闭卷 120 分钟）学号姓名专业年级重修标记□I.阅读理解（Reading and Understanding )(i) This might be achieved in a number of ways, for example, improving the profitability(利润) of the process, increasing the capacity (产量) by introduction a new catalyst, or lowering the energy requirement of the process.1. Which one is not mentioned in above section.( )(A) increasing the profitalbility(B) improving the capacity(C) using large amount of catalyst(D) lowing the energy requirement(ii) This often means that there will be close liaison(联系) between the chemical companies’technical sales representatives(代表) and the customer, and the level of technical support for the customer can be a major factor in winning sales.2. We can conclude that ( ) from the above section.(A) there are close liaison between the products and customer.(B) a major factor for winning sales is the level of technical support for customer(C) a major factor in winning sales is the close liaison between the chemical companies’technical sales representatives and the customer.(D) the major factors in winning sales are the the close liaison between the chemical companies’technical sales representatives and the customer and the level of technical support for the customer.(iii) A major advance in polymer chemistry was provided by the work of Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, which led in 1955 to the introduction of some revolutionary (革命性的) catalysts which bear their name. During the late 1970s production of linear (线性) low-density polyethylene (聚乙烯) was commercialized.3. The introduction of some revolutionary catalysts is due to the in polymerchemistry.4. This paragraph implies that（）(A) During the late 1970s, the linear low-density polythylene are widely produced.(B) In 1955, the linear polyethylene was commercialized.一、阅读与理解（每小题2分，共20分）二、翻译一——英译汉（每小题6分，共30分）三、翻译二——汉译英（每小题6分，共30分）四、翻译三——摘要（20 分）(C) Some revolutionary catalysts were introduced during the late 1970s..(D) The linear low-density polyethylene bears the name of Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta. (iv) The basic components (构成) of a typical chemical process are shown in Fig. 1, in which each block (方框) represents (代表) a stage in the overall (全部) process for producing a product from the raw materials. Fig. 1 represents a generalized (一般的) process; not all stages will be needed for any particular process and the complexity (复杂程度) of each stage will depend on the nature of the process.5. This paragraph implies that ( )(A）Figure 1 represents particular process.(B）each block in Fig.1 represents a stage of particular process.(C）the complexity of each stage will depend on the cost.(D）not all stages in Fig.1 are included in every chemical process.6. Fig 1 represents a process for producing a product from the. (v) There are over three million known compounds, with no end(没有尽头) in sight as to the number that can and will be prepared(制备,准备) in the future. Each compound is unique(唯一的) and has characteristic(特有的) physical and chemical properties(性质).Let us consider in some detail two compounds—water and mercuric(汞,水银) oxide.Water is a colorless, odorless(无嗅), tasteless (无味) liquid that can be changed to a solid, ice at 0℃and to a gas, steam(蒸汽) at 100℃. It is composed of two atoms of hydrogen(氢) and one atom of oxygen per molecule (分子), which represents(表现) 11.2 percent hydrogen and88.8 percent oxygen by mass (质量). Water reacts chemically with sodium (钠) to producehydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide(氢氧化物), with lime (石灰) to produce calcium (钙) hydroxide, and with sulfur(硫) trioxide(三氧化物) to produce sulfuric(硫的,硫磺的) acid(酸).No other compound has all these exact(精确的) physical and chemical properties; they are characteristic of water alone.Mercuric oxide is a dense(致密的), orange-red powder composed of a ratio of one atom of mercury to one atom of oxygen. Its composition(组成) by mass is 92.6 precent mercury and7.4 percent oxygen. When it is heated to temperatures greater than 360℃, a colorless gas,oxygen, and a silvery(银子似的；有银色光泽的) liquid metal, mercury, are produced. Here again are specific(明确的,特定的) physical and chemical properties belonging to mercuricoxide and to no other substance. Thus, a compound may be identified(区别,识别,鉴定) and distinguished(区分) from all other compounds by its characteristic properties.7. Which one is not correct as to the above passage. ( )(A）There are more than 3 million compounds which are known at present.(B）The number of compounds which can be prepared in the future could be calculated.(C）Every compound is special and unique.(D）There are characteristic physical and chemical properties for each compound.8. There are two compounds are detailed introduced in this passage, they areand , respectively.9. This passage suggested that ( )(A) Water is liquid, but can be changed into solid and gas under cetain conditions.(B) Water is composed of one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen per molecule.(C) Water could react with sodium or lime, but could not react with sulfur trioxide.(D) No other compound has exact physical and chemical properties expect water and mercuricoxide.10. Mercuric oxide has the following properties expect ( )(A）dense (B）orange-red color(C）turn to liquid at more than 360o C(D）the liquid mercury are much darker in color than mercuric oxideII.翻译一（Translating English to Chinese，英译汉)1. Next reaction (反应) was designed based on the obtained experimental (实验的) data.2. The explosive growth in petrochemistry (石油化学) was largely due to the enormous increaseof synthetic polymers (合成聚合物).3. Because of the diversity (多样性) of operations (操作) and close links (联系) in many areas,there is no simple definition (定义) of the chemical industry.4. The purpose of this meeting is to provide information and knowledge in order to reduceuncertainty (不确定性), solve problems and provide better data.5. The basic components (构成) of a typical chemical process are shown in Fig. 1, in which each block (方框) represents (代表) a stage in the overall (全部) process for producing a product from the raw materials.III.翻译二（Translating Chinese to English，汉译英)1. 值得注意的是这些化合物(compounds)的大多数都是无机物(inorganic materials)。

《化工专业英语》练习题一、词汇翻译1. hydrochloric acid2. pigments3. sulphuric acid4. potassium hydroxide5. sodium chloride6. ammonium nitrate7. methane8. sillicon9. calcium carbonate10. carbon dioxide11. calcium carbonate12. acetylene13. potassium chloride14. mercury oxide15. geodesic dome16. crystallography17. symmetrical18. hybridize19. polyurethane20. dynamite二、阅读理解Passage 1A mysteriousblack cloudapproaches the earth-our planet's weather is severely affected. Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark. People complained, but there was no serious disaster. The death number in the U. S. Remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred. Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics（热带地区）as may be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of Man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellars（地窖）he was able to dig. Nothing could be done to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives. Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperature it is true, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity（湿度）. It was indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope weresubjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from day to day. All human movement ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Sun's radiation back into space, But conditions could not be said to have improved. Warm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to Man many other animals.1. In the British Isles the temperature. （）A）stayed at eightyB）ranged from eighty to ninetyC）approached one hundredD）exceeded the hundred mark2. Few people in the United States lost their lives because. （）A）the temperature was tolerableB）people remained indoors for weeksC）the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperatureD）people were provided with the most comfortable air-conditioners3. Millions of people in Cairo（开罗）and the Cape of Good Hope（好望角）were subjected to a choking atmosphere because. （）A）the temperature grew extremely hotB）the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increasedC）their conditions were too dangerousD）nothing could be done with the hot temperature4. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that. （）A）human survival would be impossibleB）more and more people would lose their livesC）fewer people could be savedD）survival or death was still undecided5. The insect population increased due to. （）A）the hot airB）the tropical climateC）the rain cloudsD）the damp atmospherePassage 2I don't think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long nap（打盹,小睡）after dinner. If you didn't sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready tosleep at bedtime. If you didn't nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day. You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity - a sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation. Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good nights rest without taking a pill. If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do not take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours' sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour. The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.6. According to the writer, it is difficult for you to go to sleep because. （）A）you get the habit of staying up lateB）you haven't taken sleeping pillsC）you sleep for hours after dinnerD）you fail to do some exercises7. Which of the following is NOT true if you want to get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening? ( )A）Go to bed earlier than usual.B）Talk with friends after dinner.C）Stay with friends after dinner.D）Do some physical labor.8. You feel tired all day probably because? ( )A）you stay up too lateB）you get up too early in the morningC）you take sleeping pillsD）you wake up too frequently at night9. Which of the following is true according to the passage? ( )A）You mustn't take sleeping pills in order to get a good night's sleep. B）You should stay up if you want to sleep effectively.C）Food is necessary at night if you fail to go to sleep.D）It is very important to get out of the habit of taking a nap after dinner.10. We may infer that the author is most probably a（）A）doctorB）scientistC）reporterD）professor三、英译汉1. Perhaps you are a health science major, looking forward to a career in medicine or pharmacy. If so, you will want to become familiar with the properties of aqueous solutions, which include blood and other body fluids.Chemists have made many life-saving products over the past few decades. These range from drugs used in chemotherapy to new antibiotics used against resistant microorganisms.2. Farm soils generally contain a limited quantity of the nitrogen compounds that plants require for growth.In such soils, compound nitrogen is the limiting reactant in a plant’s biochemical processes. Byapplying ammonia and other nitrogen fertilizers to the soil, farmers increase the quantity of this limiting reactant, thereby dramatically boosting the production of soy beans, wheat, and other crops.3. The food industry uses hydrochloric acid to make corn syrup from cornstarch and to make gelatin from bones. These reactions involve the breaking down of large molecules to smaller ones by the action of the acid.Hydrochloric acid is present in the gastric juice of the stomach, where it aids in the digestion, or breakdown, of foods, including the changing of starches to sugars.。

《化工英语》试题班级：姓名：成绩：Ⅰ.Translate the following phrases：1.consist of a central nucleus2.of the nine possibilities3. service to a class of material4.take appropriate measuresprise the entire universe6.in highly pure forms7.in large amount8.have the advantage of9.of many types 10. in certain cases 11.由温度决定12.极其危险13.欺骗某人14.合金元素15.均匀度16.溶解于水17.印刷品18.在适当的时间19.证明其身份20.相对大小Ⅱ.Choose the best answers：1.T he number of the neutrons is generally to the number of protons.A. acquaintB. alikeC. resembleD. communicate2.C oke mainly of carbon.A. grow upB. residenceC. made upD. consists3.S ome elements carbon , oxygen , aluminum , iron , copper , nitrogen , and gold are familiar to you.A. such asB. asC. withD. all of4.T he names of many elements are derived Latin or Greek terms that usually describe one of their properties.A. withB. fromC. inD. for5.U nless stated , water will be understood as the solvent.A. in thisB. otherC. in the other wayD. on the6.T hree nine possibilities will be illustrated many times in the laboratory.A. intoB. inC. fromD. between7.To speed up reaction process the temperature of reactants would require a lot of heat energy.A. by raisingB. in raisingC. by risingD.in rising8.T he overall reaction in the presence of a catalyst is if the catalyst were not there.A. faster thanB. as fast asC. more slow thanD. much slow than9.P ipe are many types.A. ofB. forC. onD. in10.What is the smallest diameter of pipes?A. 3.4 inchesB. 3 or 4 inchesC. 34 inchesD. 7inchesIII.Tell whether the following statements are true or false：( )1. Less than 50 percent of pipe-lines are gas line.( )2. According to the auther , piping includes pipes , valves and some other components. ( )3. The complicated steps of metabolism are helped along by enzymes.( )4. Many chemical processes would not be feasible without catalysts.( )5. Solutions are classified in four days.( )6. The number of proton determines the atomic number of an neutron.( )7. Some elements in nuclear explosions and nuclear research have been produced in generally large amounts.( )8. The mass of an electron in comparison with either a proton or a neutron is very small. ( )9. Oxygen is the mainly element in the human body.( )10. The chemical theory regarded the solvent as an inert medium.IV.Translate the following sentences into English:1.温度的增高造成了压力的增高。

2014〜2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试一、简单词汇翻译（每题1分，共20分）1、Alkali ( 3、ammonia ( ))2、sulphuric (4、polymer ())5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( )8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10> profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( )14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16> exothermic( )17> polycarbonate( )18> isothermal( )19> cybernetics ( )20 > filtration( )二、句子翻译(每题5分，共30分)1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.6> The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.三、化工专业名词书写（每题一分，共24分）1、加热（）2、焙烧（)3、吸收（)4、冷凝（)5、沉降（)6、结晶（)7、粉碎（)8、电解（)9、搅动（)10、离心（)11、平衡（)12、体积（)13、催化剂（）14、一（)15、二（)16、三（)17、四（)18、五（)19、六（)20、七（)21、八（)22、九、（)23、十（)24、氮基化合物（四、表达方式运用，用括号里的单词翻译下列句子（每题5分，共20分）1、化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。