大学英语词汇搭配

用名词或"as+名词(或V-ing)" 作宾语补足语的动词1. 用名词直接作宾语补足语的动词有:name, nominate, call, choose, elect, define. 例如:We elected John Monitor.We call him Iron Ox.(注意不是说这些动词的后面,只能用名词作宾语补足语)(1) (把…看成…) regard, see, recognize(2) (把…当成…) treat, take(3) (把…认为是…) consider, lo ok up, refer to, accept, acknowledge(4) (把…描述为…) describe, depict, represent 另外,还有: declare, denounce, employ, use, show, organize, express等,例如:to describe sb as a teacherto describe sb as being very cleverto treat them as honoured gueststo denounce sb as a traitorto see sb as a basically kind personto acknowledged sb as an authority既可用不定式,也可用动名词做宾语的动词1. 用不定式和动名词做宾语,含义基本相同的动词有:begin,start,continue,cannotbear,hate,like,love,prefer,propose,regret.例如:to begin writing(to write)to start reading(to read)to prefer watching(to watch) televisionto love playing(to play) football对上述动词的应用注意以下三点:(1) 在like,hate,prefer等表示情感的动词后面,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词做宾语,如果指具体某次行动,用不定式更多。

例如：I hate speaking before a big audience.I like reading books.I'd like to read that book.(2) 当谓语动词用进行时时,用不定式作宾语.例如:I am starting to work on my essay next week.(3) 在attempt,intend,plan等动词后面用不定式较普遍.例如:to attempt to do it by youselfto intend to pay the bill this monthto plan to take a holiday abroad2. 用不定式作宾语与用名词做宾语,含义有差别的动词(1) 动词remember,forget,regret的后面,若用不定式作宾语,不定式所表示的动作发生在上述谓语动词之后,若用动名词做宾语,动名词所表示的动作发生在上述谓语动词之前.例如:"remember +不定式" 表示 "记住要去做某一件事""remmember +动名词或不定式的完成形式" 表示 "记住过去做过的一件事". You must remember to write us when you get there.到那时记住给我们写信.Do you remember writing her last month?你还记得上个月给她写信的事吗?"forger +不定式" 表示 "忘记要做某件事""forger +动名词" 表示 "忘记过去做过的一件事"Don't forger to meet him when you get there.别忘了到了那里去会见他.I shall never forget meeting him during his inspection of our factory. 我将不会忘记,在他视察我们厂时,我见到了他."regret +不定式" 表示 "对尚未做,或正在做的事情的遗憾""regret +动名词" 表示 "对过去做过的事情的遗憾"We regret to tell you that you can't stay here any longer.我们遗憾的通知你, 你不能再在这儿多呆了.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.向国外订购了这些书,他们很后悔.(2) 在动词try,cannot help,mean,stop,go on后,用不定式作宾语(有时是状语),还是用动名词做宾语,其含义有明显的差别.例如:"try +不定式" 表示 "设法去做某事""try +定名词" 表示 "试一试某种方法""connot help +不定式" 表示 "不能帮助做某事""cannot help + V-ing" 表示 "禁不住""mean +不定式" 表示 "打算,想要""mean +动名词" 表示 "意味着,意思是""stop +不定式" 表示 "停止原来做的事,开始做另一件事""stop +动名词" 表示 "停止做某事""go on +不定式" 表示 "放下原来做的,改做另一件事""go on + V-ing" 表示 "继续做一直在做的事"用分词作宾语补足语的动词1. 表示 "致使" 动词+宾语+现在分词,例如:to set sb thinkingto keep sb wartingto get the clock goingto start sb coughing这样的动词还有have, leave 等2. 表示 "感觉"动词+宾语+现在分词,例如:to smell something burningto watch sb swimmingto find sb listening to the recorder这样的动词还有see, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to等注意:从上述可以看出,表示 "感觉"的动词,既可以用不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语,又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,但两者有含义上的差别.现在分词作这些动词的宾语补足语,表示动作的进行.I heard her playing the violin.我听到她在拉小提琴.以不带to的不定式作这些动词的宾语补足语,表示动作的完成,例如:I don't see the ball break the window.我没有看到球砸坏玻璃.用不定式作宾语补语的动词1. 表示 "感觉"的动词see, hear,watch,notice,observe,feel 等和三个表示"致使"的动词make, have, let 后面跟不带to的不定式作补语.例如:to see sb. go outto hear sb come into make sb laughto have sb explain itto let sb go out2. 表示 "致使"的其他动词 advise, cause,allow, drive, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, permit, tell, trust, urge, persuade, remind, teach, want, warn, get, ask, forbid, beg, require, tempt, enable, lead, instruct 等,以及表示 "情感状态"的动词 love, like, prefer, hate 等后面跟带to的不定式作补语.例如:to want sb to work together with themto expect sb to succeed in the examto advise sb to do thatto allow me to introduce sbto get sb to talkto tell sb not to wait any longerto warn sb not to do sthto prefer sb to stayto love sb to come againto hate sb to do that3. 表示 "心理状态"的动词think, know, believe, discover, feel(=think), imagine, judge, suppose, understand, consider, declare, find(=consider) 等后面常跟to be 结构作宾补,上述动词中的consider, declare, find, prove, think后跟的to be 往往可以省略.例如:to prove sb (to be ) wrongto think sb (to be) a good studentto believe sb to be reliableto imagine sb to be above fiftyto declare sb to be innocentto find sb (to be) dishonestto consider sb (to be ) foolish可带两个宾语的动词一般,间接宾语指人,放在前面,直接宾语指物,放在讲结宾语的后面.例如:to give sb. a camerato send sb. the billto lend sb. a bookto award sb. the first price如果间接宾语放在直接宾语的后面,这类动词应用介词"to"或"for",如上句应变为to award the first price to sb.可带双宾语的动词有:bring,buy,cost,give,tell,offer,lend,make,pass,pay,promise,read,send, refuse,show,take,write,call,cook,fetch,find,hand,prepare,refuse,retur n,sell,wish,throw,choose,allow, teach, accord,assign,award,catch,deny, grant,order,reach,recommend,render,reserve 等.只能用动词做宾语的动词及双语动词只能用动词做宾语的动词及双语动词,例如:to avoid overtakingto consider changing the jobto keep warting for sb,to enjoy playing footballto delay sending the book overto finish reading itto suggest going by busto give up smoking这样的动词和双语动词还有:miss,admit,avoid,acknowledge,consider,appreciate,delay,dislike,enjoy, escape,deny,fancy,favour,finish,mind,postpone,quit,recall,evade,pract ise,excuse,imagine,include,keep,mind,report,resent,resist,suggest,risk,re sume,facilitate,detest,involve,justify,permit,prevent,put off,cannot stand, can't help,give up,object to,put off,feel like,look forward to,persist in,insist on,depend on,approve of,think about,think of,refrain from注意以下两点:1, 上述动词中的大多数都可根据需要,在其词得宾语前增添获取掉逻辑主语,例如:to deny his breaking the agreementto postpone my drafting the plan,(2)在need,require,want后通常跟表被动含义的动名词主动形式,或被动不定式形式,但用动词的主动形式较为普遍,例如:The door needs oiling(to be oiled)The room wants cleaning (to be cleaned),His letter requires answering(to be answered)immediately,用动词不定式作宾语的动词及结构1. 动词+带to不定式,例如:to expect to seeto fail to pass his driver's testto agree to smoke no more cigarrettesto arrange to meet himto ask to see the managerto hope to get a few moreto pretend not to see meto happen to meet常见的还有以下动词:decide,demand,determine,attempt,claim,consent,deserve,long,plan,prepa re,presume,promise,refuse,resolve,strive,wish,volunteer,intend,desire,of fer,mean,learn,threaten,try,want,aim,undertake,choose,decline,seek,tend 2. 若干结构+不带to不定式,例如:You had better have a look at this picture.I would rather not wait.常用的结构有:would rather, had rather, would sooner, rather than,had better, may(just) as well, would you please另外,在let 后跟不带to不定式,例如:Let come what may.Let there be no mistake about this.在help后,不定式作宾语可带to也可不带,例如:Can I help(to) carry it for you?I help him (to) mend his bicycle.3. 少数动词加不定式动词不定式一般不做介词宾语,但下列介词用在含否定意义的句子中,其后可跟不定式（注意带to和不带to的情况）。