医学考博英语真题题及参考答案答案2006年词汇完型-育明考博

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编53(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．We all buy things on the______of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse buy”.(2007年中国科学院考博试题)A．urgeB．forceC．spurD．rush正确答案：C解析：此题考查的是词语的搭配。

urge项表示“敦促”；force表示“力量，影响力”；spur表示“动力”；rush表示“匆促”。

只有C项有固定用法on the spur of,表示一时冲动，所以答案是C选项。

2．The young nation has not yet attained political ______.A．stabilityB．prosperityC．maturityD．independence正确答案：A解析：stability n.稳定，稳固(如：Nothing is more important than political stability for a country in its economic endeavour．)。

prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣。

maturity n.成熟(阶段)；有经验。

independence n.独立，自主。

3．Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.(2011年四川大学考博试题)A．commonplaceB．standardizedC．competitiveD．generalized正确答案：B解析：在给出的选项中：commonplace“平凡的，陈腐的，平庸的”；standardized “标准化的”；competitive“竞争的，有竞争力的”；generalized“广泛的，普遍的”。

医学考博英语真题及解析整理2003年part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicatewith someone in English.A.frustrated失败的, 落空的B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的C.approved被认可的D.distracted心烦意乱的32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmitted commit oneself to委身于， 专心致志于C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的D.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio.A.accomplishment（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题）a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。

B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人D.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用 entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcybut a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulation流通者;传播者B.under consideration在考虑之中C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有D.at stake危如累卵, 危险37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品B.dietC.tastefulD.edible edible fat食用油脂38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁C.put onD.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denoting指示, 表示 quick pulse often denotes fever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。

2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。

2006年全国医学考博英语真题31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account.A.cancelled cancelled v. 取消；作废；解约（cancel的过去分词）adj.取消的conceal [kən'siːl]vt. 隐藏；隐瞒B.endorsed endorse [ɪn'dɔːs; en-]vt. 背书；认可；签署；赞同；在背面签名C.cashed cash [kæʃ]vt. 将…兑现；支付现款n. 现款，现金n. 现款D.endowed endow [ɪn'daʊ; en-]vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有32.She claimed that she was denied deny [dɪ'naɪ]vi. 否认；拒绝vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求admission to admission to:准许 | 进入 | 允许进入the school ___ her raceA.by virtue of 由于，凭借B.in accordance with 依照；与…一致C.with respect to 关于；至于D.on account of 由于；因为；为了…的缘故33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting.A.standing up 站着；起立ing up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出C.sitting in列席，旁听；参加；代理D.filling in 填写；填充；替代34.The witness was___ by the judge for failing to 未能answer the questionA.sentenced n. [语][计] 句子，命题；宣判，判决 vt. 判决，宣判B.threatenedC.admonished vt. 告诫；劝告D.jailed n. 监狱；监牢；拘留所 vt. 监禁；下狱35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private 私下地；秘密地they are very worried.A..put off 推迟；扔掉；阻止ugh off 用笑摆脱C.pay off 付清；取得成功；贿赂；报复y off 解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出36.It is sheer adj. 绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的 adv. 完全；陡峭地___ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestige n.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise天堂C.pride n. 自豪；骄傲；自尊心 vt. 使得意，以…自豪D.privacy n. 隐私；秘密；隐居；隐居处37.During rush hour.Downtown streets are ___ with commuters. commuter n.通勤者, 经常往返者A.scattered vi. 分散，散开；散射 vt. 使散射；使散开，使分散；使散播，使撒播n. 分散；散播，撒播B.condensed vi. 浓缩；凝结 vt. 使浓缩；使压缩C.clogged v. 阻塞；障碍 n. 障碍；木底鞋D.dotted adj. 星罗棋布的；有点的 v. 点缀（dot的过去分词）；布满；打点于38.Someone who is in ___ confinement监禁,拘留 is kept alone in a room in prison. condine n. 界限，边界;约束；限制 vt. 限制；禁闭A. precise adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的B.solitary adj. 孤独的；独居的n. 独居者；隐士 solitary confinement 单独拘禁C.remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的 n. 远程D.confidential adj. 机密的；表示信任的；获信任的 confidentiality n. 机密，[计] 机密性 confidence n. 信心；信任；秘密 confident adj. 自信的；确信的39.She is very ___ , and will be able to perpform all require vt. 需要；要求；命令tasks well.A.productive adj. 能生产的；生产的，生产性的；多产的；富有成效的B.flexible adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的C.sophisticated adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的v. 使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改（sophisticate的过去分词形式）D.versatile adj. 多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的40.Various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的books and papers are ___ up togethir on her desk.A.jumbled n. 混乱；杂乱的一堆东西vi. 混杂；搀杂vt. 使混乱；搞乱B.tumbled vi. 摔倒；倒塌；滚动；打滚；仓惶地行动vt. 使摔倒；使滚翻；弄乱n. 跌倒；C.bumbled vi. 犯错误；踉跄；结结巴巴地说话vt. 弄糟；搞坏n. 错误D.humbled adj. 谦逊的；简陋的；（级别或地位）低下的；不大的vt.使谦恭；轻松打败（尤指强大的对手）；低声下气Section B41. oblivious adj. 遗忘的；健忘的；不注意的；不知道的42.Sunny periods will be interspersed with occasional adj. 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的shower.n. 淋浴；（倾泻般出现的）一阵，一大批；阵雨intersperse with.点缀着 intersperse vt. 点缀；散布vi. 点缀；散布A.interruptedB.blockedC.blended vt. 混合vi. 混合；协调n. 混合；掺合物D.intersected intersect vi. 相交，交叉vt. 横断，横切；贯穿43.thrombus n. [病理] 血栓clot vi. 凝结n. [生理] 凝块vt. 使凝结成块44.___ A..B.C.D.45.___ A..B.C.D.46.She kept to her point tenaciously and would not give away. tenacious adj.顽强的 ,坚持地A.persistently坚持的, 百折不挠的; 固执的B.constantly 稳定的，不变的;忠实的，忠贞不渝的C.perpetually 永恒地, 终身地D.vigorously 精神旺盛地47.wit n. 智慧；才智；智力48. I am just fed up with his excuse for not getting his work donefed up with受够了...A.anguished at 使痛苦[苦恼, 悲痛]anguish n. 痛苦；苦恼vt. 使极度痛苦vi. 感到极度的痛苦B.annoyed at be annoyed with sb. at sth.对(某人)为(某事)而生气C.agonized by 烦恼的, 极度痛苦的D.afflicted by使苦恼, 痛苦, 折磨beafflicted with gout害痛风病49. Let’s get out the dictionary and settle this dispute once and for all. 一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次A.at the moment 此刻；当时B.at any time 在任何时候C.for a while暂时D.for the last time最后一次50.I was so absorbed in my work that I completely forgot the time.absorbed in 全神贯注于……A.engraved 雕刻B.engrossed 全神贯注的C.enforced 强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强D.enveloped vt. 包围；包封；遮盖n. 信封；包裹完型填空57.A.on the level of 诚实的；可靠的；坦率地；老实说B.in accordance with 依照；与…一致C.by means of 用，依靠D.in view of 考虑到,鉴于Reading comprehensionpassage 21.High-speed高速的Living has become a fact of life无法更改的事实,and the frantic pace 神速(frantic adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的;pace n. 一步；步速；步伐)is taking its toll造成损失，造成伤亡(toll n. 通行费；代价；钟声；伤亡人数vt. 征收；敲钟vi. 鸣钟；征税),according to science writer James Gleick. It’s as if 犹如，好似the old“type A”behavior of a few has expanded into 扩大为the “hurry sickness n. 疾病；呕吐；弊病”of the many.2.“We do feel that we’re more time-driven and time-obsessed受时间驱使和困扰(obsess vt. 迷住，缠住；使…着迷；使…困扰) and generally rushed n. 冲进；匆促；adj.急需的vt.使冲；突袭；匆忙地做飞跃than ever before比以往任何时候更”write Gleick in Faster:The Acceleration of Just About几乎 Everything,a survey n. 调查；测量；审视；纵览 of fast -moving移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的culture and its consfequences.We may also be acting more hastily adv. 匆忙地；急速地；慌忙地,losing control, and thinking superficially because we lie faster.3.Technology has conditioned n. 条件；情况；环境；身份vt. 决定；使适应；使健康；以…为条件us to expect vt. 期望；指望；认为；预料instant results.Internet purchases 网络购物 arrive by next-day delivery and the microwave 微波炉delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes,e-mails,and cell phones make it plssible—and increasingly obligatory 义务的（=obligate；obligation）—for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous examples of last-forward changes in our lives:Stock trading股票交易and news cycles are shorter; sound bites（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出of presidential candidates总统候选人 on network newscasts n. 新闻广播restaurants have added express lanes快车道；单向行驶道.4.High expectations for instant service方便的服务 make even the brief adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的，草率的n. 摘要，简报；概要，诉书wait for an elevator seem interminable adj. 冗长的；无止尽的. “A go od waiting time is in the neighborhood在附近of 15 seconds.Sometime around 40 seconds,people start to get visibly显然的upset”writes Gleick.We’re dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like rush-hour高峰时间 drivers fuming when a single accident halts vi. 停止；立定；踌躇，犹豫the evening commute,people surfing the internet网络冲浪 squirm vi. 蠕动，扭动；羞愧，不舒服if a Web page is slow to load or when access itselt is not instantaneous即刻的.And the concept of “customer service”can become an oxymoron(逆喻 a wise fool; cruel kindness)for customers waiting on hold for a telephone representative.电话代表.representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的；代议制的n. 代表；典型；众议员5.Up-tempo快节奏living has turned people multitaskers?-eating while driving,writing an e-mail while talking on the phone,or skimming dozens of television programs on split screen.分区屏幕Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to 调节；调整以适应these new levels of stimuli n. 刺激；刺激物；促进因素（stimulus的复数）as high-speed culture challenges our brains?in a way they were not challenged in the past,except perhaps in times of war?.We may gain the flexibility n. 灵活性；弹性；适应性to do several things at once but lose some of our capacity to focus in depth 深入地；全面地on a single task.66．with living pace getting quicker and quick,the nu mber of those of “Type-A”behavior isA.on the rise 在增加；在上涨B.out of controlC.on the decline 在走下坡路；在衰退中D.under investigation 在调查研究中67．High-speed living brings about the following consequences,exclusive of不包括；除…外.exclusive adj. 独有的；排外的；专一的n. 独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者.except of除了…以外；要不是由于A.superficial thinkingB.lose of controlC.waste of timeD.more haste n. 匆忙；急忙；轻率vi. 匆忙；赶紧vt. 赶快68．The best conclusion n. 结论；结局；推论 can be drawn from the 3rd paragraph is thatA.techonlogy is building a fast-moving cultureB.we are living in the age of informationC.economy is booming with technology.boom vt. 使兴旺；发隆隆声vi. 急速发展；发隆隆声n. 繁荣；吊杆；隆隆声D.the frantic pace is taking its toll69．As the author implies,the faster we live,___A.the less we doB.the less patient we areC.the more time we saveD.the more efficiency have70．Living faster and faster,the multitaskers tend___A.to scratch the surface of 只知皮毛a thingB.to do things better at the same timeC.to be flexible with 在…灵活their time schedualsD.to have intense concentration on 注意力集中于…trivial thingspassage 31.Imagine a disease spreading across the globe,killing mostly middle-aged people 中年人or leaving them chronically disabled.vt. 使失去能力；使残废；使无资格.Then one day researchers come up with 提出；想出；赶上 a drug that can prevent some of the disease’s nastier effects.糟糕的影响.You would think the world’s ageing public would be eternally grateful.感激不尽(eternally adv. 永恒地；不朽地)(grateful adj. 感谢的；令人愉快的，宜人的)（nastier 下流的,严重的,难对付的,激烈的（nasty的比较级）2.The disease does exist.vi. 存在；生存；生活；继续存在.It is called tobacco addiction.n. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜.(addict n. 有瘾的人；入迷的人vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾).The drug too is real and in animal tests has prevented lung damage that leads to emphysema 肺气肿.But the inventors have received no bouquets恭维话,花束. Prevailing vi. 盛行，流行；战胜，获胜medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow n. 穿插表演；串演的节；小事件,distracting vt. 转移；分心smokers from the task of quitting vt. 离开；放弃；停止；使…解除.Another experimental drug ,which could protect smokers against cancer ,is also viewed with suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿vt. 怀疑because it could give smokers an excuse n. 借口；理由vt. 原谅；为…申4.But this logic is flawed adj.有缺陷的；有瑕疵的；有裂纹的n. 瑕疵，缺点；一阵狂风；短暂的风暴；裂缝，裂纹).Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year.Yet,even with nicotine gum尼古丁胶姆糖(gum n. 口香糖；树胶；橡皮),patches and drugs to ease the ordeal n.折磨；严酷的考验；痛苦的经验,the quit rate is still under 10 percent.In the UK , the proportion…的比例of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade.Tobacco has a powerful grip n. 紧握；柄；支配；握拍方式；拍柄绷带vt. 紧握；夹紧,and many smoker are caught in 遇到，陷入；淋雨a trap vt. 诱捕；使…受限制；使…陷入困境n. 陷阱；圈套they cannot escape:they have a disease like any other and deserve vi. 应受，应得the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.vi. 吞下；咽下.It certainly leaves,左右为难. They are happylip service to something 口头上承认)methods for reducing harm---of which three are a growing unmber---but they are slow to create policies based upon them.European Union countries,for example,took years to指望,依赖even consider regulating vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准；有系统的管理(regardless adj. 不管；不顾；不注意)the dangerous additives n. 添加剂，食物添加剂；附加剂(addiction.n. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜)in cigarettes.6.One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute冲淡,变弱,稀释 the message that tobacco kills---especially when given to youngsters.But that message won’t change.In the present case在这件事中；照目前这个情况,even if 即使；虽然both drugs turn out证明是to work in human trials人体试验,they would not protect against all the deadly side effects 副作用of smoking.And the drugs do not have to be free to all.They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors71．The statement “But the inventors have received no bouquets” implies that___A.the drugs have received suspicionB.the inventors just presented vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送vi. 举枪瞄准adj. 现在的；出席的n. 现在；礼物；瞄准 a sideshowC.it will take time for the public to accept the new drugD. the effects of the drug need further test on human trials72．The author argues that ____A.no smoker is expected to succee in quittingB.smokers deserve the harm smoking does to themC.smokers with resolution n. 分辨率；决议；解决；决心to stop smoking need halpD. smokers could succeed with strong resolution to give up73．The author is trying to emphasize that the drugs____A.are aimed at youngstersB.should be available to smokers free of chargeC.will not change the message that tobacco killsD.help regulate vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准the dangerous additives in cigarattes74．The drugs,according to the author,are expected____A.to perform vt. 执行；完成；演奏preventive functions in non-smokersB.to reduce the number of passive smokersC.to enforce the combat vt. 反对；与…战斗against smokingD.all of the above75．we can draw a conclusion 得出结论；作结论from the passage that___A.with innovative drugs smokers can still enjoy personal gratifications满意and stay healthyB.if a drug can save lives,we shouldn’t withhold vt. 保留，不给；隐瞒；抑制vi. 忍住；克制 it without good resaonC.the battle against smoking is far from wonD. there will be a safe way to smokepassage 41.Eating is related to 与…有关emotional as well as physiologic needs.Sucking ,which is the infant’s means of gaining n. 增加；利润；收获vt. 获得；增加；赚到 both food and emotional security ,conditions n. 条件（condition的复数）；情况v. 使习惯于；作为…的条件（condition的第三人称单数形式）the association n. 协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想of eating with well-being n. 幸福；康乐or with deprivation n. 剥夺；损失；免职；匮乏；贫困.If the child is breast-fed adj. 吃母奶的and has supportive adj. 支持的；支援的；赞助的body contact身体接触as well as good mild intake n. 摄取量；通风口；引入口；引入的量,if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires,and if both the child and the mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment,the child is more likely to thrive vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长both phgysically and emotionally.On the other hand,if the mother is nervous adj. 神经的；紧张不安的；强健有力的and resents vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶 the child or cuts him her off from the milk supply before either the child’s hunger or sucking need is satisfied,or handle n. [建] 把手；柄；手感；口实vt. 处理；操作；运用；买卖；触摸 the child hostilely 敌对地during the feeding,or props vt. 支撑；维持n. 支柱；支持者 the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child,the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance(disturbance n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑) 情绪困扰 at an early age.If ,in addition另外，此外,the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance,he or she will carry scars n. [医疤痕；创伤（scar的复数形式）；冻结物v. 给…留下伤痕；在…的心灵上留下创伤（scar的第三人称单数形式）of such emotional deprivation throughout life.2.Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individual’s family eats large quantities of food,then he or she is inclined to conj. 倾向于…；有意eat large amounts.If an individual’s family eats mainly vegetable,then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event有意义事件(significant adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物),then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table,then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely adv.不利地；逆地；反对地affected by it.This can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless thethe fact of conditioning and to the possible need for her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into 深入到;渗透到(spill vt. 使溢出，使流出；使摔下vi.溢出，流出；摔下；涌流n.溢出，溅出；溢出量；摔下,小塞子)and is often reinforced vt. 加强，加固；强化；补充vi. 求援；得到增援；给予更多的支持n. 加强；加固物；加固材料 by religious beliefs 宗教信仰and other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day.76．A well-breast-fed child____A.tends to associated foods with emotionsB.is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC.cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue77．while sucking ,the baby is actually___A.conscious of 意识到the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with 与……相互作用his or her motherC.creating a nursing environmentD. impossible to be abused78．A bottle-fed child___A.can be healthy physiologically adv. 生理学方面,but not emotionally adv. 感情上；情绪上；令人激动地；情绪冲动地B.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throught lifeC.is deprived of emotional needsD. is rid of 摆脱physiological needs79．From the list of eating habits,we learn that____A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to deathB.one’s eating pattern varies with his or her personalityC.there is no such things as psychosocial environmentsD.everyone is born into a conditioned eating environment80．A Jew or an older Roman Catholic___A.takes an eating habit as a religious beliefB.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her familyC.cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefsD.observes遵守an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environmentPassage 51.Several classes of bitter 苦的citrus compound vt. 合成；混合；和解妥协；搀合vi. 和解；妥协n. [化学] 化合物；混合物；复合词adj. 复合的；混合的 have looked promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）as anticancer agents 抗癌药,抗癌剂(agent,n.代理人；药剂；特工vt.由…作中介；由…代理adj.代理的)in laboratory tests. A new study indicates v.表明；指示，显示that long-term consumption n. 消费；消耗；肺痨 of orange juice.A source of such chemicals cuts cancer risk in rats.2.In test-tube adj.人工授精的；在试验管中作成的n. 试管；试验管；人工受精(tube n. 管；电子管；隧道；电视机vt.使成管状；把…装管；用管输送vi.乘地铁；不及格)studies, one class of the bitter compounds-flavonoids类黄酮-has inhibited vt.抑制；禁止the growth of breast cancer 乳腺癌cells.Related studies showed that bitter citrus柑桔 limonoids similarly adv.同样地；类似于 ward off 避开；挡住cancer in animals.Mulling深思 over such data(mull sth. over (=mull over sth.)反复考虑某事),Maurice R Bennink of Michigan State University in East Lansing wondered n. 惊奇；奇迹；惊愕vi. 怀疑；想知道；惊讶vt. 怀疑；惊奇；对…感到惊讶adj. 奇妙的；非凡的whether drinking orange juice would have a beneficial effect.3.His team injected 60 young rats with a chemical that causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals on a normal diet.The others received orange juice instead of drinking water-and less sugar in their food to compensate for 弥补…；赔偿…(compensate vi. 补偿，赔偿；抵消vt. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬)sugars in the juice.4.At an American Institute for Cancer Research meeting last week in WashingtonD.C.. Bennink reported that after 7 months 22 of the animals receiving a normaldiet had developed colon cancers.Only 17 of the rats on the orange-juice diet showed tumors.That’s 77 percent of the control group’s incidence n. 发生率；影响；[光] 入射；影响范围(incident 事件，事变；插曲).5.Concludes结论Bennink,whose work was supported by orange-juice producer Tropicana products of Brandenton,Fla…“These data show orange juice helps protect against cancer”,He says that the study might also apply to 适用于；应用于breast,prostate adj. 前列腺的n. [解剖] 前列腺,and lung cancers.6.Bandaru S.Reddy of the American Health Foundation美国健康基金会in Valhalla.N.Y.,was not surprised by Bennink’s finding of an orange juice benefit.However,he calls the reported risk reduction unimpressive adj. 无印象的；给人印象不深的；不惹人注意的,his own data show that citrus limonoids protect against chemically induced colon cancer in lab animals.7.Luke K. T. Lam of LDT Laboratories in St. Paul,Minn.,finds Bennink’s data“quite interesting.” although he describes as描述为“borderline”n. 边界线，边界；界线adj. 边界的；暧昧的 the suppression n.抑制；镇压；[植]压抑 of cancer incidence observed vt. 庆祝vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论vi. 观察；说；注意到；评论by m has inhibited vt. 抑制；禁止 tumors in the lung,skin and forestomach of mice n. 老鼠（mouse的复数）with limonoinds.8.The scientists don’t know what compounds in or ange juice underlie vt. 成为……的基础；位于……之下its effect.The juice is rich in one limonoid-a sugar-containing version n.版本；译文of limonin柠檬苦素,which suppressed vt. 抑制；镇压；废止tumors in Lam’s rich in one experiments.It’s possible,Lam speculates vi. 推测；投机；思索vt. 推断,that rats convert vt. 使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰vi. 转变，变换；皈依；改变信仰n. 皈依者；改变宗教信仰者the juice’s limonoid into limonin.9.Indeed adv. 的确；实在；真正地；甚至,argues vi.争论,辩论；提出理由vt. 辩论，争论；证明；说服Gary D,Manners of the Agricultural Research Service in Albany,Calif..“there is no doubt that th ese anticancer citus compounds are bioavailable 生物及生物药效应的in animals to the site of a cancer.The question remains whether they are similiarly available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的in people”. To find out,his team will soon begin measuring the human boy’s uptake n. 摄取；领会；举起of limonoids from orange juice.81.what made Bennink hypothesize vt. 假设，假定the protetive effect of orange juice?A.The wide consumption of the fruitsB.the citrus limonoids of the fruitsC.His own personal experience.D His promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）research82.which of the following is true of the results of Bennink’s study?A.only eitht rats of the control group showed tumorsB.thirteen rats of the test guoup failed to show tumorsC.seventy-seven percent of the test group did not show tumorsD.only thirty-three percent of the control group showed tumors83.It can be inferred from the passage that Bennink___A.won much financial support 财务支援，财政支援with his unexpected results.B.had a commercial intention in the first placeC.tried to please orange-juice manufacturersD.found a right sponsor n. 赞助者；主办者；保证人vt. 赞助；发起84.Both Reddy and Lam___A.seemed to be surprisingly impressed by Bennink’s findingsB.did not seem to be surprised by Bennink’s findingsC.did not seem to believe in the orange juice benefitD.seemed to be doubtful of Bennink’s findings85.From the passage we can learn that scientists are still in the dark about___A.the substance n. 物质；实质；资产；主旨that supprisses tumorsB.the existence n.存在，实在；生存，生活；存在物，实在物of bioavability in the human bodyC.the uptake of limonoids from orange-juice in peopleD.the bioavailability生物利用率, 生物有效度of citrus compounds in the human body.passage 61.Just before dawn 凌晨；黎明前；拂晓we received a call that an unresponsive adj. 反应迟钝的；无反应的infant was being brought by emergency medical services 紧急医疗服务to our hospital.As the medical team--the pediatric adj.小儿科的resident,intern,respiratory therapist呼吸治疗师,nurse,and me---prepared for the incoming patient,an eerie adj. 可怕的；怪异的silence enveloped vt. 包围；包封；遮盖n. 信封；包裹the trauma外伤room,an event that frequently precedes vt. 领先，在…之前；优于，高于a pediatric resuscitation n. 复苏；复兴；复活.(cardiopulmonary-resuscitation 心肺复苏)2.The child arrived in our emergency department pulseless and cold,with compressions n. 胸部按压（compression的复数）(compression n. 压缩，浓缩；压榨，压迫)being performed on him in the arms of the paramedic护理人员,Further history obtained by the paramedics indicated that the mother had left the infant alone in the home with two young children to watch.The child ,and upon her return the infant was found in bed not breathing and cold,As a medical team we simultaneously adv. 同时地performed multiple procedures,(intubation插管,insertion oflines,administration of epinephrine肾上腺素,cardiac compression心脏按压)完全无用; 徒然; 无效地; 毫无效果,无济于事.this 2-months-old child dead with a high suspicion of abuse of neglect.Everyone vacated vi.空出，腾出；辞职；休假the room almost immediately ,expcept for the nurse,who never left the child’s beside.I asked her why the needed to stay,and she looked at me and smiled,“why of course ,to be with my patient a little bit longer.”3.I knew the difficult part was yet no come;telling the family the bad news .The mother was still at home being interviewed n. 接见，采访；面试，面谈vt. 采访；接见；对…进行面谈；对某人进行面试by the police.The father had arrived from his place of employment to the emergency department minutes after death was pronounced vt. 发音；宣判；断言vi. 发音；作出判断and not knowing the condition of his son.4.The father and I sat with chaplain n. 牧师；专职教士to explain what we had done for the babyt.I could tell from the stunned vt. 使震惊；打昏；给以深刻的印象n. 昏迷；打昏；惊倒；令人惊叹的事物look on his face that he knew before I finished my2006年全国医学考博英语真题story that his child was dead despite this I said in muffled vt. 蒙住；裹住；抑制；发低沉的声音n. 低沉的声音；消声器；包裹物（如头巾，围巾等）；唇鼻部voice.“I am sorry your child passed away去世；停止；度过时间.”5.We walked slowly back to the resuscitation room复苏室.The infant,who only moments ago lay covered with blood and secretions n. 分泌；分泌物；藏匿；隐藏oozing from从伤口渗出every orifice孔,口,had been transformed.The nurse had left her patient,tending to him,cleaning him ,wrapping in把…包在…里，遮蔽，使陷于soft blankets,and now presenting the body to the grieving vt. 使悲伤，使苦恼vi. 悲痛，哀悼fathet.He seemed relieved vt. 解除，减轻；使不单调乏味；换…的班；解围；使放心to see his baby,no alive,surely but at peace and thus the man could begin in the mourning process.I tend to the busy emergency department;seeingadj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的vt. 使迟钝my emotional I listen to a resident present the next case,I saw the nurse carry the blanketed body of the child to the morgue 停尸房.虑,反省段情节\插曲,I realized that ouradj. 无用的；无效的；没有出息的；琐细[动]停止（arrest vt. 逮捕；阻止；吸引n. 逮捕；监禁）.But it was the compassionate work of the nurse that ultimately adv. 最后；根本；基本上made the difference in how we performed our job.86.Not until the pediatric resuscitation was over___A.did the paramedics find the infant unresponsiveB.was the infant left alone in the emergency roomC. was the infant’s further history obtainedD. was the infant declared to dead87.Thanks to the nurse,___A.the grieving father could see his baby finallyB.the medical team performed all the proceduresC.the grieving father arrive at the hospital in timeD.the baby was presented at peace to the grieving father88.when she saw the nurse carry blanketed body of the baby to morgue,the physiciaan must have been___A.blunted adj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的vt. 使迟钝B.movedC.puzzledD.all of the above89.what the nurse did when the resuscitation was over reflects___A.the awareness of 意识到law suitB.the human aspect of medicineC.a neglect of duty 玩忽职守；失职；过失责任in medical practiceD.the lack of promptness n. 机敏，敏捷；迅速the procedure 程序，过程90.The physician may do as the nurse did___A.to appreciate nuring careB.to cherish medical professionC.to embody vt. 体现，使具体化；具体表达medical compassionD.to improve pediatric resuscitations。

南京大学考博英语真题2006年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AABCC 6-10 CBDDCPart 211-15 BCDDC 16-20 DDCACPart 321-25 ADAAC 26-30 CBDCD31-35 DAAAC 36-40 BBABBSection 241-45. D A C A B 46-50 B A C C C 51-55 C A B A C 56-60 B C B D DTranslationPart A放弃对于获得幸福至关重要，其重要性并不逊于努力。

面对我们可以阻止的不幸，明智的人不会屈服，但对于那些不可避免的甚至是可以避免的事情，若时间和经历要求他们放弃以追求更加重要的东西，他们不会浪费时间和感情而是选择顺从。

很多人常常为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而大发脾气，并因此浪费了大量原本可以有大用处的大量精力。

在追求真正重要的目标中太过沉溺，导致潜在失败的可能性时时威胁我们的思维，这是不明智的。

工作效率往往和我们所投入的感情并不对称。

事实上，情感偶尔会妨碍效率。

我们在服从命运安排的同时应当竭尽全力。

顺从分两种：其一是源于绝望，其二则源于不可征服的希望……前者坏，后者好。

Part B1.In a populous city, the idea that a man must know his neighbors has been extinct. But it is stilltrue of that in small towns and villages.2.People living as long as each other may have quite different lifestyles. Some go far away andenjoy fantastic scenery while others are incarcerated in a small room and until death does them not know how far-flung the world is.3.The biggest falsehood of humans is they take for that social and political problems are sosimple that they can be judged and solved with practical experience, instead of strict training with scientific methods. Unfortunately, it is quite contrary in the case.4.You can’t get rid of jealousness merely through being successful because there are someone inhistory who are more successful than you. Enjoy the happiness at hand and do what you are supposed to do. Don’t compare what you imagine or even entirely wrong with those who are more lucky than you. Then, you can cast off jealousness.5.So, this is the true spiritual civilization: make the most of human’s brightness and wiseness tofind truth, to control nature, to change matters for human’s use, to relieve human of needless hardships, to liberate human’s spirit from blindness and superstition.南京大学考博英语真题2007年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AAABC 6-10 BCCDAPart 211-15 ABCBA 16-20 CDCAAPart 321-25 CADBA 26-30 BAAACSection 231-34 B D B C 35-38 D A B D 39-42 B C A B 43-46 D D D C 47-50 B A C BTranslationPart A可以肯定的是，今天的人们对于成功的渴望以及其为我们带来的好处绝不亚于过去。

2006年四川大学考博英语真题及详解Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension (30%, 1 mark each)Direction: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Passage 1Superstition is a biased word. Look up almost any dictionary definition and you will see that it implies that every religion not based on reason or knowledge is called a superstition. Even the word knowledge is a two-faced word. Presumably, it is used as a synonym for reason. What it all comes down to is that people designate as superstitious what they do not think reasonable in s omeone else’s religion.It is true that a person’s religion must be based on some kind of-knowledge. But what kind of knowledge is meant? Scientific, experimental, rational? Such knowledge is natural and maybe ethical and then it is natural religious knowledge.A person may quite easily conclude from observing the universe that only God could have produced it. That knowledge is not religion, not even if a person is bound to recognize a creator of the universe. It is natural knowledge such asConfucius, Socrates or Zoroaster possessed. Natural religious knowledge, as is evident in the history of the human race, although it helps to make a man good, hardly suffices to keep him good, especially in times of crisis. Will such natural knowledge, for instance, sustain a man when he has suddenly lost all his money and even his wife and children? Will it offer the hope of ever seeing them again? Will it influence him gladly to sacrifice his life for his family, his country, his religion? Only a strong sense of supernatural religion, a reliance upon God, will provide the necessary courage for right action.All the great religions of the world—Christianity, Hinduism, Chinese Buddhism and Islam—have shown men the way to such courage and its resulting peace of mind and heart and peace with all men. They point to a better sort of lift, mostly a life somewhere else, or, at least, an end to the troubles of this life.Christianity and Islam direct men to look up, hope for and strive after an eternal life of happiness in the possession of God. Hinduism also encourages its adherents to achieve successively higher incarnations until they achieve unity, become one with Brahman - God. The agnostic or the atheist thinks of all of these creeds as religious superstition. Are the agnostic and the atheist free of superstition? Hardly. Every thinking man has a natural bent for religion, for ideals above and beyond earthly ones. If he crushes his natural inclination, which is God-inspired ideals, he most likely will substitute a series of self-inspired ideals or some fad like astrology, which will become a religion for him. There is a line between religion and superstition which everyone must learn to identify, or forfeit a true direction in hislife.1. According to the passage, people define superstition as ______.A. some religious knowledge not based on reasonB. anything that seems unreasonable to themC. anything that seems unreasonable in another person’s religionD. any natural knowledge of a religion that is two-faced and totally different from another2. The second paragraph tells us that natural religious knowledge can hardly keep a person good because ______.A. he is not always willing to sacrifice himselfB. he does not rely upon GodC. he may sometimes die for right actionD. he may suffer crisis in his career3. According to the author, all the great religions of the world ______.A. bring peace of mind and peace with other human beingB. put forth a better life now and promise eternal life in the Western ParadiseC. give courage to their adherents to live and to die peacefullyD. urge their adherents to achieve higher incarnations4. From the passage we are told that the atheists ______.A. have little or no religious knowledgeB. have ideals that are beyond earthly onesC. are mostly astrologers who have too many materialistic ideals in lifeD. are actually not free from superstition5. Of the following suggested title, the one that most accurately sums up thepassage is ______.A. The Great Religions on EarthB. What Is SuperstitionC. Religion and SuperstitionD. Achieve Unity with God【答案与解析】1.C 文中第一段结尾部分，作者对superstition做了诠释：people designate assuperstitious what they do not think reasonable in someone else’s religion “人们认为在其他宗教中讲不通的就是迷信”，选项C正确。

2006Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The questionwill be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answersmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the fight answer.Sample AnswerA B C DSection ANow let’s begin the question 11 M: Professor Handsome, Thank you for a very interesting lecture. I was wondering if I could askyou a question.W: Go right ahead.Q: What will the man do then?2 W: I haven’t heard whether Larry is going for the outing.M: He made other arrangements before the outing was planed.Q: What does the man mean?3 M: Are John and Alice still planning to study medicine?W: Alice has decided to .But John is still looking into the options.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: Never have I read such an interesting science fiction. You know, the one about the ETs.M: That’s an understatement.Q: What did the speaker imply about the science fiction?5 M: Hi, Shelly, I wonder if we could possibly move our meeting to Wednesday. I can’t make it onTuesday. I’m tied up in an emergency room.W: Er…Wednesday is not good for me. How about Thursday?Q: What is the original day for the meeting?6 W: Is there anything you can give me to make me feel better, doctor? I’ve been very busy atwork and I have a lot of studying to do. But I don’t feel up to it. Also my daughter is still sick in bed and…M: Don’t worry. It’s just a touch of flu. But I will give you some medicine to make you feel better.Q: What can be inferred about the woman?7 M: I must admit that since I stopped smoking I’ve been feeling much better.W: What did I tell you?Q: What does the woman mean?8 W: When’s good time to go mountain climbing together?M: Other than Tuesday. One day is as good as the next.Q: What does the man mean?9 M: I heard that next month Pharmaceuticals Limited is going to hold interviews on campus nextweek.W: Really? What day? I’d like to talk to them and drop off my CV.Q: What is the woman going to do?10 W: I heard that you’ve had a rash around your waist. Have you seen the doctor?M: It’s a problem any more. I found an ointment that works just fine.Q: What does the man imply?11 M: So you are spending the holiday weekend in San Diego.W: Yes. Some friends of my parents live there and they’ll put me up.Q: What does the woman mean?12 W: Do you think that the patient really needs the surgery?M: It couldn’t have been more necessary.Q: What does the man mean?13 M: You don’t look well. Are you sure you want to go out?W: If there were some aspirins in the medicine cabinet, I would not need to go out to the drug store.Q: What will the woman most probably do?14 W: I have to take advanced mathematics from Professor Wells next semester. Is it difficult?M: You ask me? I’d say it’s a piece of cake.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?15 W: Doctor Marines, that was a very interesting presentation. I enjoyed it very much.M: Well, that’s very kind of you to say so. Thank you. Have we met before?Q: What would most probably happen right then?Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage OneQuestions 16-20 are based on the following conversation:M: Good morning, Doctor.W: It’s Mr. Commen, isn’t it?M: Right. I saw you about six months ago with the broken finger.W: Yes, of course. Is it all healed now?M: It’s fine. No problems.W: What can I do for you today?M: Well, I’ve been having these headaches. They started two months ago. They seem to come on quite suddenly and I get dizzy spells as well.W: Right, let’s start with the headaches. Where is the pain exactly? Can you show me?M: In the front. I thought it might be my eyes.W: Did your headac hes come on at any particular time?M: Yes, when I go to work in the morning, when I step outside my shop, I run a boutique. My shop is just nearby. So when I walk out, the headache comes o n.W: Do you ever have these headaches at night?M: No, I’m not sleepy at night. I wake up two or three times every night.W: Why is that?M: Well, I think I’m a bit of worrier. We had staff problems at work and the financial situation is peculiar at the moment.W: I’m sorry to hear about that. Can I just come back for a moment to these dizzy spells? Can you describe them?M: Well, they last a few seconds, I suddenly feel very dizzy.W: This dizziness, for some people, it’s a sensation of falling; to other people, it’s a sensation of fading. How would you describe your dizziness?M: I feel that I am going to fall down.W: About your health in general? How do you feel in general?M: No problems beyond a cold, but that’s about it.W: Ok, let me give you a check-over.16. Why did the man visit the woman six months ago?17. What can we learn about the man’s headaches?18. When does the man usually have his headaches?19. What seems to have caused the man’s headaches?20. How does the man feel about the dizziness?Passage TwoQuestions 21-25 are based on the following conversation:Though they are an extensive supplier of vitamin, minerals and high-quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol, one of the major causes of heart disease.One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the cholesterol the body needs daily. This knowledge has caused egg sales to drop in recent years, which in turn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular egg.One alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These egg substitutes are not really eggs. But they look somewhat like eggs when they are cooked. They have the advantage of having lower cholesterol rate, and they can be scrambled or used in baking. One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg, sometimes called “designer” eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that ar e fed low-fat diet including such ingredients as corn, flax, and rice bran. In spite of their diet, however, the se hensproduce eggs that contain the same amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol all in human. Questions:21. What is good about the eggs?22. What happened when people came to know the high level of cholesterol in eggs?23. What has been one of the approaches to the problem of cholesterol?24. What makes these designer eggs different from the regular ones?25. What is the main idea of the talk?Passage ThreeQuestions 26-30 are based on the following conversation:Life insurance isn’t fun to buy. It forces you to think about your death, a subject many prefer not to confront. But there is a single, overriding reason to buy life insurance: to provide an income for your dependents if you die.Don’t depend solely on an agent to figure out your life-insurance needs. Rule-of-thumb estimates such as five or eight times of your income are guesses; they may produce too little or too much insurance. Carry too little insurance and you may not provide a reasonabl e standard of living for your family after your death; carry too much and you may not enjoy a reasonable standard of living whi le you are alive.According to statistics, most people who have life insurance don’t have enough. Then, how do you determine the amount of life insurance you would need to maintain your family’s current life style if the breadwinner died? First, figure what your family’s expenses would be if you died tomorrow. Then analyze your assets and the sources of income that you can use to cover the expenses. Finally, subtract the assets from the needs. The result is the amount of additional insurance that you’ll need to buy.26. What does the speaker think of buying life insurance?27. Which of the following is true according to the speaker?28. What is the most important thing to consider in buying life insurance?29. What is the key element in determining the amount of life insurance?30. What is the purpose of the talk?。

医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案：C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案：A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案：A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案：B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案：A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案：A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案：A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案：cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案：otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案：excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案：prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案：computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案：asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案：appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案：hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案：magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案：glucose三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案：A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案：The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案：A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。

湖北大学真题2006年(总分100, 考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to act a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. In the health care industry, however, the doctor-patient relationship is a mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician, the physician usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return "next Wednesday", whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor's judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer". As a consequence, the medical staff represents the "power centre" in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration. Although usually, there are in this situation four identifiable participants--the physician, the hospital, the patient and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government) -- the physician makes the essential decision for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician, the payer generally meets most of the bona fide bills generated by the physician/ hospital, and for the most part, the patient plays a passive role. In routine or minor illensses, or just plain worries, the patient's options are, of course, much greater with respect to use and price. But in illnesses that are of some significance, such choice tends to evaporate. And it is for these illnesses that the bulk of the health care dollar is spent. We estimate that about 75 --80 percent of health care expenditures are determined by physicians. For this reason, economy measures directed at patients or the general public are relatively ineffective.1.In this passage, the author's primary purpose is to ______.A criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patientB analyze some important economic factors in health careC urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authorityD inform potential patients of their health care rights回答:√该问题分值: 1答案:B本文作者的主要目的是分析医疗方面一些重要的经济因素。

考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：4，分数：90.00)（北京大学2006年试题） Last year French drivers killed【1】than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely【2】the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation's highways since 2003, which experts reckon【3】3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success; the government plants to install 500【4】radar devices this year. So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses【5】the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year's London bombing, in which video cameras【6】a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change. A month【7】the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, internet and phone data for "anti-terror"【8】In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were【9】to give up some civil liberty to improve【10】.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（北京大学2006年试题）Any parent with a child【1】the ages of 3 and 11 can tell you【2】technology has crept into nearly【3】aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wild Planet, is a【4】in point. "It's the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise," says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has【5】un-veiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5,【6】Animal Scramble, which is due【7】stores in September. In【8】, the firm will soon release Hyper Jump. "Play and technology are【9】," says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents'Choice Foundation. "There's【10】putting the genie back in the bottle.)"（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（中国矿业大学2007年试题） The Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being prepared for【1】. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the "chonta-durre" palm and a drink of "chicha". When the sun has【2】over the river, some of the younger women go【3】their children by canoe to their forest plantation to【4】maize, bananas and wild fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which are【5】for drinking water and for "chicha". Later they have to【6】the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each【7】day involves much the same【8】. The men, who may have been hunting during the night,【9】the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook and line or "atarraya" net. In January after the rains,【10】men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize.【11】, in August and September, they sow a【12】crop. Four months after each【13】, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once【14】, and after the babies are【15】in their hammocks they discuss the day's events.（分数：30.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(11).【11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(12).【12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(13).【13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(14).【14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(15).【15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________（中国矿业大学2006年试题） Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. Currently,【1】, the term usually refers【2】an electronic device that can【3】a series of tasks according to a set of instructions. In 1953 there were only about 100 computers 【4】use in the world. Today hundreds of millions of computers are【5】in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable【6】. Modern desktop【7】computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million dollar【8】of computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion operations per second. These computers are used not【9】for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most or the automated【10】required by small business. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations, and they are generally used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business application.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________。