全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下载版

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2025年医学博士英语考试真题答案

2023年医学博士英语考试真题答案The 2023 National Medical Doctoral English Examination serves as a crucial milestone for many aspiring medical professionals, testing their proficiency in English language skills within the context of medical knowledge. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the answers to the actual examination questions, serving as a valuable resource for candidates preparing for future exams.Firstly, let's delve into the multiple-choice section. One question that stood out was: "There _______ some milk in the glass." The correct answer is "is," reflecting the basic grammar rule of using "is" with singular nouns. This underscores the importance of mastering fundamental grammar rules in the context of medical English.Another noteworthy question involved a traffic jam scenario: "We were caught in a traffic jam. By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane _____." Here, the appropriate response is "had taken off," highlighting the use of the past perfect tense to express an action thatoccurred before another past action. This question not only tests grammar but also comprehension of temporal sequences. Moving to the listening comprehension section, one conversation centered around a medical consultation. The question posed was: "What seems to be the problem?" The answer lies in the dialogue, where the patient mentions experiencing severe headaches for approximately two months. This type of question demands active listening skills and the ability to extract key information from a conversation. In the reading comprehension section, questions focused on medical terminology and concepts. For instance, a question asking about the largest glandular organ in the human body required the knowledge that the liver fulfills this role. Such questions assess the candidate's understanding of basic human anatomy.Moreover, questions testing comprehension of physiological functions were also present. One such question inquired about the organ responsible for insulin production, with the answer being the pancreas. This demonstrates the exam's emphasis on integrating English language skills with medical knowledge.The overall trend of the 2023 Medical Doctoral English Examination reflects a strong continuity in terms of question types and styles. Familiarity with past exam questions and their answers is crucial for candidates to formulate effective study plans and prepare effectively for the exam. The analysis of these answers provides valuable insights into the exam's focus and helps candidatesidentify areas of improvement.In conclusion, the 2023 National Medical Doctoral English Examination serves as a challenging yet rewarding experience for aspiring medical professionals. The answers to the exam questions, as analyzed in this article, offer a glimpse into the exam's content and format, highlighting the importance of a solid foundation in both medical knowledge and English language skills. Candidates should prioritize thorough preparation, leveraging past exam materials to enhance their understanding and performance. **2023年医学博士英语考试真题答案解析**2023年全国医学博士英语考试对于许多志在成为医学专家的考生来说，是一个至关重要的里程碑，它检验了考生们在医学知识背景下对英语技能的掌握程度。

2022年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题(1)

Section A试卷一(Paper One) Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, you will hear a uestion about what is said. The uestion will be read only once, after you hear the uestion, read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.uestion: What's the matter with the womanYou will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let's begin with uestion Number 1.1. A.The man is busy. B.The man has trouble breathingSample AnswerA B ● DC.The man is out of town on business.D.The man is hiding himself from the woman.2. A. He has a terrible backache. B. He has a bad headache.C. He has a toothacheD. He has a diarrhea3. A. It is fast. B. It is slow. C. It works well. D. It is not working.4. A. Four days. B.Ten days. C. One week D. Two weeks.5. A. He is a lawyer B. He is a doctor.C. He is a travel agent.D. He is an immigration officer.6. A. Sunday. B. Tuesday. C. Thursday. D. Saturday.7. A. Two. B. Thee. C. Four. D. Five.8. A. To X-ray his chest. B. To hospitalize him.C. To perform a minor surgery.D. To transfer him to a specialist.9. A. To go shopping. B. To go back to work.C. To change their topic.D. To entertain their guests.10. A. The man is working too hard. B. The man needs to think it over.C. The man is supposed to find a job.D. The man has made a right decision.11. A. Discussing a case. B. Defying a diagnosis.官方网站:12. A. The woman's classmate. B. The woman's boyfriend.C. The woman's brother.D. The woman's teacher.13. A. The man is a liar. B. The man is jealous of Lisa.C. She does not agree with the man on that.D. She will surely do the same as Lisa does.14. A. 250 Yuan. B. 450 Yuan. C. 650 Yuan. D. 850 Yuan.15. A. She disagrees with the man there. B. She is going to change her mind.C. It is out of the uestion to do that.D. It is possible to forgive him.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which,you will hear five uestions. After each uestion,read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A. Liver failure. B. Breast cancer.C. Kidney failure.D. Diabetes out of control.17. A. Shape. B. Color C. Price. D. Size18. A. It is much smaller than a microwave. B. It leaves much room for reduction.C. It is adjustable.D. It is perfect.19. A. It is under a clinical trial. B. It is available in the market.C. It is widely used in the clinic.D. It is in the experimental stage.20. A. The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machine.B.The further development of the machine is in financial trouble.C.The federal government finances the research.D.The machine will come into being in no time.Passage One21. A. Suicide. B. Obesity. C. Turmoil. D. Drug abuse.22. A. Preventable. B. Destructive. C. Treatable. D. Curable23. A. Combining anti-depressants and talk therapy.B. Promoting the transmission between neurons.C.Winning parental assistance and support.D. Administering effective anti-depressants.24. A. Because it adds to the effect of treatment.B.Because it works better than the medications.C.Because it can take the place of antidepressants.D.Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.25. A. 65 percent. B. 75 percent. C. 85 percent. D. 95 percent.Passage Two26. A. Helplessness and worthlessness. B. Feeling like a loser.27. A. It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.B.It motivates the patient to work better than others.C.It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.D.It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.28. A. By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.B.By urging the patient to face any challenge in reality.C.By making the patient aware of his or her existence.D.By changing the patient's perspective.29. A. Those who stop taking anti-depressants. B. Those who ask for more medications.C. Those who are on the medications.D. Those who abuse the medications.30. A. Anxiousness B. Nausea. C. Fever. D. InsomniaPart ⅡVocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B,C andD are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completesthe sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.There are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the of their behavior as medicalprofessionals.A. transactionB. transformationC. transmissionD. transparency32.He seemed most to my idea which was exceptionally creative.A. alienB. ambulantC. amiableD. amenable33.The fist attempts at gene therapy have mostly , but techniue will surely be made to workeventually.A. stumbledB. stammeredC. striddenD. strutted34.She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and for fatty foods.A. preferenceB. persistenceC. intoleranceD. appetence35.By sheer I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.A. coincidenceB. coherenceC. collaborationD. collocation36.As the drugs began to , the pain began to take hold again.A. wear offB. put offC. all offD. show off37.The environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the medical technologies.A. ApproachingB. impracticableC. sophisticatedD. transient38.At last, she some reasons for her strange behavior.A. abolishedB. admonishedC. abstainedD. perception39.Doctors are concerned with health of people from to the grave.A. conceptionB. receptionC. deceptionD. perceptionA. conciseB. deviousC. elaborateD. feasibleSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer an the ANSWER SHEET.41.She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.A. embarrassinglyB. reluctantlyC. clumsilyD. dizzily42.Throughout most of the recorded history, medicine was anything but scientific.A. more or lessB. by and largeC. more often than notD. by no means43.The students were captivated by the way the physician presented the case.A. illuminatedB. fascinatedC. alienatedD. hallucinated44.We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data,a product or afinancial reward.A. intelligibleB. infinitiveC. substantialD. deficient45.But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are difficult—orunhealthy—to sustain over time.A. maintainB. reserveC. conceiveD. empower46.The molecular influence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinical medicine.A. specialtiesB. principlesC. rationalesD. doctrines47.One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through its somatic manifestations.A. juvenileB. potent B. potent D. matured48.His surgical procedure should succeed,for it seems uite feasible.A. rationalB. reciprocalC. versatileD. viable49.These are intensely important uestions about uality and the benefits of specialty care andexperience.A. irresistiblyB. vitallyC. potentiallyD. intriguingly50.This guide gives you information on the best self-care strategies and the latest medicaladvances.A. tendsB. techniuesC. notionsD. breakthroughsPart Ⅲ Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEIET.Whenever people go and live in another country, they have new experiences and new feelings.just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country. But this isn't really true. Culture shock is a completely natural 52 , and everybody goes 53 it in a new culture.There are four stages,or steps,in culture shock. When people first arrive in a new country, they're usually excited and 54 .Everything is interesting. They notice that a lot of things are 55 their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy. This is Stage One.In Stage Two,people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture.They become confused.It seems difficult to do even very simple things. They feel 56.They spend a lot of time 57 or with other people from their own country .They think, “my problems are all because I'm living in this country.〞Then,in Stage Three,they begin to understand the new culture better.They begin to like some new customs. They 58 some people in the new country. They're 59 comfortable and relaxed.In Stage Four,they feel very comfortable. They have good friends in the new culture.They understand the new customs. Some customs are similar to their culture, and some are different,but that's OK. They can 60 it.51. A. account B. reflection C. verification D. misconception52. A. transition B. exchange C. immigration D. selection53. A. for B. through C. after D. about54. A. frightened B. confused C. uneasy D. happy55. A. representative of B. different from C. peculiar to D. similar to56. A. intoxicated B. depressed C. amazed D. thrilled57. A. lonely B. alone C. lone D. only58. A. make friends with B. make transactions withC. hold hostility toD. shut the door to59. A. hardly B. more C. very D. less60. A. live with B. do without C. hold up with D. make a success ofPart ⅣReading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five uestions. For each uestion there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OnePatients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don't wake up, concludes a new study.Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on.But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations.anesthesia using bispectral analysis,a techniue which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. Before this study,researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation, says Lubke.Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery, many of whom were too severely injured to tolerate full anesthesia. During surgery, each patient wore headphones trough which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each. At the same time, bispectral analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia.After the operation, Lubke tested the patients by showing therm the fist three letters of a word, such as “lim〞,and asking them to complete it. Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery—“limit〞for example—chose that word an average of 1I percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list. None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word list.Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized. But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding, which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet. What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards, says Philip Merikle, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, Ontario.61.Scientists have found that deep anesthesiaA.is likely to affect hearingB.cannot block surgeons’ wordsC.can cause serious damages to memoryD.helps retain conscious or subconscious memories62.By the new study, the techniue of bispectral analysis helps the scientistsA.acuire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgeryB.decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memoriesC.relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgeryD.assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery63.To test the patients,the scientistsA.prepared two lists of wordsed ninety-six headphones for listeningC.conducted the whole experiment for three minutesD.voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery64.The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patientsA.to regain consciousness under the knife.B.to tell one word from another after surgery.C.to recall what had been heard during surgery.65.What we can infer from the findingA.How surgical malpractice can be prevented.B.Why a surgeon cannot be too careful.C.Why surgeons should hold their tongues during surgery.D.How the postoperative patients can retain subconscious memories.Passage TwoScientists used to believe adult brains did not grow any new neurons,but it has emerged that new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats,birds and even humans.Understanding the process could be important for finding ways to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's in which neurons are destroyed.Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus,a structure involved in learning and memory. But they rarely survive more than a few weeks. “We thought they were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sort of input.〞says Elizabeth Gould, a neuroscientist at Princeton. Because of the location, Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons’ survival, and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick.To test this,they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be tracked. Later,they gave some of the rats standard tasks. One involved using visual and spatial cues, such as posters on a wall, to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water. In another, the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a second later. Both these tasks use the hippocampus—if this structure is damaged, rats can’t do them.Meanwhile,the researches gave other rats similar tasks that did not reuire the hippocampus. finding a platform that was easily visible in water, for instance. Other members of the control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises.The team report in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others. “Learning opport unities increase the number of neurons,〞 says Gould.But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla,California,dispute this. In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience, they report that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive.Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at different times. Her team gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled. When the new cells would normally be dying. She thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early for new neurons to benefit. “By the time the cells were degenerating, the animals were not learning anything,〞she says.66.Not until recently did scientists find out thatA.new neurons could grow in adult brainsC.neurons were destroyed in Alzheimer's diseaseD.humans could produce new neurons as animals67.Gould’s notion was that the short-lived neuronsA.did survive longer than expectedB.would die much sooner than expected couldC.could actually better learning and memoryD.could be kept alive by stimulating the hippocampus68.Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the testA. The water used.B. The noises played.C. The neurons newly born.D. The hippocampus involved.69.Gould theorizes that the Salk group’s failure to report the same results was due t oA. the timing of labeling new neuronsB. the freuency of stimulationC. the wrongly labeled neuronsD. the types of learning tasks70.Which of the following can be the best title for the passageA. Use It or Lose ItB. Learn to SurviveC. To Be or Not to BeD. Stay Mentally HealthyPassage ThreeHere’s yet another reason to lose weight. Heavier people are more lik ely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers. In the U. S., car manufacturers have already had to redesign air bags so they inflate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children. But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.A study carried out in Seattle, Washington looked at more than 26 000 people who had been involved in car crashes, and found that heavier people at far more risk. People weighing between 100 and 119 kilograms are almost two-and-a-half lines as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than 60 kilo- grams.And importantly, the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index (BMI)—a measure that takes height as well as weight into account. Someone 1.8 meters tall weighing 126 kilograms would have a BMI of 39, but so would a person 1.5 meters tell weighing 88 kilograms. People are said to be obese if their BMI is 30 or over.The study found that people with a BMI of 35 to 39 are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMIs of about 20. It’s not just total weight, but obesity itself that’s dangerous.While they do not yet know why this is the case, the evidence is worth pursuing, says Charles Mack, a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle,who led the research team. He thinks one answer maybe for safety authorities to use heavierCrash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about 78 kilograms. Recently, smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars. But larger and heavier dummies aren’t used, the U.S.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in Washington DC told New Scientist.The reasons for the higher injury and death rates are far from clear, Mock speculates that car interiors might not be suitably designed for heavy people. Or obese people, with health problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes, could be finding it tougher to recover from injury.71.When they redesigned air bags to hold less pressure, the American car manufacturers .A.found it hard to set standards without the definition of obesityB.incidentally brought about extra risks to obese passengersC.based their job on the information of car accidentsD.actually neglected smaller women and children72.When they categorized the obese people, the researchers .A.showed a preference for BMI in measurementsB.achieved almost the same results as previouslyC.found the units of kilogram more applicable than BMID.were shocked to know the number of obese people killed in car crashes73.To address the problem, Mock .A.suggested that the safety authorities use heavier crash-test dummiesB.cried for the standardization of crash-test dummiesC.reduced the weights of crash-test dummiesD.encouraged obese people to lose weight74.While exploring the reason for the higher injury and death rates, Mock would most probablysay that .A.cars can be made safer to avoid cashesB.it is wise for obese people not to drive drunkC.it is not just total weight, but obesity itself that is dangerousD.the main reason behind the problem is drinkers’ heavy weight75.Which of the following uestions is closely related to the passageA.Are air bags really necessary to be built in carsB.Are cars certified as safe to driveC.Are crash-test dummies too thinD.Are car accidents preventablePassage FourIt seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you. In fact, many studies support this idea-but health-Care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story.of disease,but generalist—family physicians and general practitioners—are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases.A second uestion is what counts as the most valuable treatment Specialists are more familiar with standards of care for the diseases they treat regularly,says Harlan M. Krumholz of Yale University. On the oth er hand, a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient’s care and keeping an eye on a person’s overall health, says Martin T. Donohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in PortlandTo further complicate comparisons, many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases, but medical records do not always show that, says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville, Md.That said, stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists. Among about 3800sroke sufferers nationwide,16.1 percent of those treated by a neurologist died within 3 months, compared with 25.3 percent of those treated by family physicians.Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists,says Ira S. Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York, but it’s hard to figure out exactly why.“Physician specialty, in addition to being a measure of formal training in the field, is also a proxy for clinical experience,〞 he says. “It’s very difficult to separate out the overlapping concepts: one, that practice makes perfect; two,the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in; and three,the issue of formal training.〞Differences between specialist care and generalist care, however, pale in comparison with the finding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice, contend both Donohoe and Clancy. A report by the U.S. General Accounting Office documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers—which reduce heart rate and blood pressure—than those who received care from a generalist. Even so, these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them, implying that both generalists and specialists could do better.“Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care,〞 says Donohoe. Perhaps,he adds, “we should focus more intently on improving the uality of communication and cooperation between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans.〞76.Which of the following uestions can most probably come out of the two uestions raised in thepassageA. Is specialist care superiorB. What is specialist care all about77.The answers to the two uestions suggest that .A.generalists are more likely to be ignoredB.a specialist can be a generalist, or vice versaC.neither of the two groups is better than the otherD.patients have every reason to go to specialist physicians78.According to the passage,the better treatment of stroke and heart disease on the part ofspecialists .A.cannot simply be ascribed to specialtyB.is hard to be justified on the nationwide scaleC.is enough to prove the superiority of specialist careD.has much to do with the amount of formal education79.Both specialists and generalists, Donohoe and Clancy contend, could do a better job of .A.taking advantage of the otherB.avoiding as much malpractice as possibleC.putting the latest knowledge into practicecating the public to their consciousness of health80.Donohoe is trying to shift our attention to .A.better communication and cooperation between generalists and specialistsB.the real nature of specialist and generalist care, respectivelyC.the similarities between generalist and specialist careD.the declining health of AmericansPassage FiveChildren are spending an increasing amount of time using computers. Computers are now found in most classrooms,and in the majority of homes, almost always with internet accepts. However,many studies of children’s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects. This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children, focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.Computer use may negatively affect the social relationship between children and their parents. Because children spend so much time on computers, they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents, According to Subrahmanyam and his colleagues(2022) this often leads to a role reversal, where the child becomes a teacher to the parent. In other words, it is often the case that a highly computer literate teenager will teach their parents how to use the more complex functions of computer technology. This can lead to a reduction in parental authority. Moreover, with the anonymity of online communication, computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult, so all users are treated eually (Subrahmanyam et al, 2022). Children may then expect the same euality in real life, further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship (Subrahmanyam et al, 200l).computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children, they spend little time interacting with their peers (Shields & Behrman, 2022). As a result, children may not develop the social skills they need, or be able to maintain friendships in the real world (Subrahmanyam et al, 2022). With the very extended computer use, this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields & Behrman, 2022).A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence. Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children, so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games ( Subrahmanyam et al, 200l). However, as Shields Behrman (200l) points out, it is important to note that although the games may affect all children, children who prefer violent games could be most affected.In conclusion, using a computer, particularly for extended periods, may affect the parent-children relationship in families. It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships. Moreover, it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children. Although the research is not conclusive,it appears tha t extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children’s social development.8l. From the very beginning, the author is trying to draw out attention toA.crimes on rise at schoolB.a decline in family valueC.the negative effects of chil dren’s overuse of computerD.the increasing number of investigations on education82.Which is the best reason for the reduction of parental authority according to the passageA.Children become teachers to their parents.B.Parents are fossilized in new technology.C.Children expect for an eual status with their parents.D.Parents’ roles are being shrunk by the computer.83.What does Shield Behrman imply in the passageA.Children greatly value the friendship with their peers.B.Children are doomed to suffer depression by using computer.C.Children will in no circumstances be affected by violent games.D.Children’s inclination to aggression may derive from violent games.84.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the negative result of playing computer games inthe passageA. A lack of social communication.B. Increasing violent performance.C. A decline in intelligence.D. A breakdown in family relationship.85.Where the passage might be taken from。

2023全国医学博士英语统一考试真题

2023全国医学博士英语统一考试真题题目一阅读理解针对下面的问题，请阅读以下材料：材料一1.The flu virus, also known as influenza, is a highly contagious respiratory illness. It spreads easily from person to person through tiny droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.2.The most effective way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine. The flu vaccine is designed to protect against the most prevalent strains of flu virus that are expected to circulate each year.3.In addition to getting vaccinated, there are other preventive measures that can help reduce the risk of getting the flu. These include washing hands frequently, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.4.If a person does get the flu, it is important to rest, stay hydrated, and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist.5.The flu virus can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue, and nasal congestion. It can also lead to serious complications, especially in young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.材料二1.Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical treatment that involves inserting thin needles at specific points on the body. It is believed to help restore the flow of qi (energy) and promote healing.2.Acupuncture has been used for thousands of years to treat various physical and mental conditions, including chronic pain, migraines, anxiety, and infertility.3.The World Health Organization recognizes acupuncture as a valid treatment for over 100 different conditions, including but not limited to allergies, asthma, depression, and insomnia.4.In recent years, acupuncture has gained popularity in Western countries as a complementary therapy alongside conventional medicine.5.The effectiveness of acupuncture still remains a subject of debate in the scientific community. Some studies have found it to be beneficial for certain conditions, while others have found no significant difference compared to sham acupuncture or other placebo treatments.问题1.What is the most effective way to prevent the flu?参考答案The most effective way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine.题目二词汇与语法根据句子上下文或词汇提示，在横线上填入正确的单词或词组。

医学考博英语统考真题

2007 年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversationsbetween two speakers. At the end of each conversation, youwill hear a question about what is said. The question will beread only once. After you hear the question, read the fourpossible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right an swer.Sample An swerA B C DNow let 'begi n with questio n Number 1.1.A. To do some experiments.B. To attend a class.C. To review his lessons.D. To take a test.2.A. In a hotel.B. In the hospital.C. In the prison.D. At the airport.3.A. He got an ulcer in his stomach.B. He got hurt in the soccer game.C. He will be discharged soon.D. He got his tumor removed.4.A. She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy.B. She felt because she had a headache.C. She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D. She slept off her headache.5.A. His new car is not fast enough.B. His new car moves very fast.C. His new car is a real bargain.D. His new car is somewhat of a financial burden.6.A. Get more time to relax.B. Take some tranquillizers.C. Seek a second opinion.D. Avoid her responsibilities.7.A. He got a headache while establishing the institute.B. He had a hard time getting the institute started.C. Everything was OK at the beginning.D. It is impossible to open such an institute in Seoul.8.ExcitedFrustratedAnnoyedRelieved9.Each class lasts an hour.The class is meeting in an hour and a half.The class meets four hours and a half per week.The class meets for half an hour three times a week. 10.A. The woman was a good skier.B. The woman couldn't ski.C. The woman didn't intend to go skiing.D. The woman didn't like Swiss. 11.A. She's an insurance agent.B. She's an insurance client.C. She's a bank clerk.D. She's a driver.A. He tripped over some crutches.12.B. He had rheumatism in his legs.C. He sprained his foot.D. He broke his leg.13.A. The vacation is almost gone.B. The vacation has just started.C. They are prepared for the new semester.D. They can't wait for the new semester.14.A. She was knocked down by a feather.B. She is shamed of Larry.C. She was really surprised.D. She was proud of Larry.15.A. To visit his son.B. To perform an operation.C. To have an operation.D. To send his son for an operation.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16.A. A pharmacist.B. A visitor.C. A physician.D. A dieter.17.A. Cough.B. Diarrhea.C. Headache.D. Stomach upset.18.A. Pain-killers.B. Cough syrup.C. Antidiarrheas.D. Indigestion tablets.19.A. The cold weather.B. Tiredness caused by traveling.C. The strange food he had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.20.A. Take the medicine from the woman.B. G to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days. Passage Two21.A. Headaches.B. Insomnia.C. Respiratory problems.D. Digestive problems.22.A. On Monday in Edinburgh.B. On Wednesday in Edinburgh.C. On Monday at Staffordshire University.26.D. On Wednesday at Staffordshire University.24.A. The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B. The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C. The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D. The subjects were asked if they had written down anything traumatic. 25.A. The diarists who write of their free will.B. The diarists who were students at Staffordshire UniversityC. The diarists who had written about trauma.D. The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches.Passage ThreeA. A brief history of British pubs.23.A. 94B. 44C. 130D. 135B. Beer-the British national drink.C. Various attempts made to curb drinking in Britain.D. The frustrating opening and closing hours of British pubs.27.A. As early as 659 AD.B. After 659 AD.C. Before the Roman invasion.D. After the Roman invasion.28.A. To restrict drinking hours.B. To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C. To encourage the locals to drink in other towns.D. To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29.A. People were better off.B. The government failed to persuade people from drinking.C. There appeared a new cheap drink.D. Drinkers had found various ways to get around the laws.30.A. The licensing hours have been extended.B. Old people are not allowed to drink in pubs.C. Children are not allowed yet to drink in pubs.D. Big changes have taken place in pubs.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each ofthem. You are to choose the word or phrase that bestcompletes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET.31. The doctor gave him an injection in order to _____ the pain.A. alleviateB. aggregateC. abolishD. allocate32. H is broken arm healed well, but she died of the pneumonia whichfollowed as a _____ .A. complementB. complimentC. complexionD. complication33. Unfortunately, our vacation plans ________ on account of transportstrikes.A fell back B. fell thoughC. fell uponD. fell to34. The _______ climate of Hawaii attracts visitors from all over the world every year.A. genialB. frigidC. genuineD. foul35. This is the ______ in which the organism lives most effectively.A. optimumB. optionC. ordealD. orbit36. The doctor suggests that a good holiday in the country should him____ nicely after his operation.A. set …outB. set …upC. set - offD. set …aside37. His behavior was so ____ that even the merciful people could not forgive him.A. uniqueB. unconventionalC. brutalD. brilliant38. ________ to your present job until you can get a better one.A. Hang aboutB. Hang backC. Hang behindD. Hang on39. Suffering from his leg illness, Tom is very ____ nowadays.A. emaciatedB. eligibleD. excepti onal40. He saved some money for artistic ______ such as fine pain ti ngs. A. don ati ons C . luxuriesSecti on BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each senten ce. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the origi nal sen ten ceif it is substituted for the un derli ned part. Mark your an swer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. It has been proved that the chemical is lethal to rats but safe for cattle.A. fatalB. reactiveC. uniqueD. vital42. To their surprise, she has bee n nominated as can didate for the Preside ncy.A. recog ni zedB. defi nedC. appo in tedD. promoted43. We cannot look down upon our opponent, who is an experieneed swimmer.C. elasticB. profits D. luresA. playerB. competitorC. refereeD. part ner44. She is regarded as a good nurse in that she attends to patie nts without any compla int.A. sees throughB. looks overC. takes inD. cares for45. It is well known that the minimum penalty for this crime is 2 years ' impris onment.A. conv icti onB. spa nC. mercyD. punishment46. The whole area of the n atio nal and local gover nments tried to wipeout rats to preve nt the spread of disease.A. extermi nateB. domin ateC. determi nateD. con tami nate47. All the students are afraid of him since he is always severe with them.A. vigorousB. rigorousC. vigila ntD. rigid48. The biggest engin eeri ng project that they un dertook was encumbered by lack of fun ds.A. can celledB. conden sedC. hamperedD. haun tedA. playerB. competitor49. In order to be a successful diplomat you must be en thusiastic andmagn etic.A. arroga ntB. in dustriousC. zealousD. attractive50. He is successful as a doctor because of his dynamic personality, heseems to have un limited en ergy.A. meticulousB. vigorousC. aggressiveD. arbitraryPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Many Can adia ns enjoy the luxury of a large amount of livi ng space. Can ada is vast, and the homes are large accord ing to the sta ndardsof many coun ties. Even _ 51__inner cities do not reach the extremes found in other parts of world.Can adia ns appreciate the space and value their privacy. Since families are gen erally small, many Can adia n childre n enjoy the luxury oftheirA. arroga ntB. in dustriousown bedroom. Having more than one bathroom in a house is also considered a modern __52__.Many rooms in Canadian homes have specialized functions.“ Family rooms”are popular features in modern houses; these are __53__“, living rooms”since many living rooms have become reserved for entertaining. Some homes have formal and informal dining areas, __54__.Recreational homes are also popular__55___ Canadians. Some Canadiansown summer homes, cottages, or camps. These may __56__ from a small one-room cabin to a luxurious building that rivals the comforts of the regular residence. Some cottages are winterized for year-round use. Cottages offer people the chance to “geat way from it all. ”They are so popular that summer weekend traffic jams are common, especially in large cities such as Toronto, where the number of people leaving town on Friday night and returning Sunday might __57__the highways for hours.Sometimes, living in Canada means not only having privacy, but also being isolated. Mobility has become a part of modern life; people often do not live in one place long enough to __58__ to know their neighbors. Tenants live their own lives in their apartments or townhouses. Even in private residential areas, where there is some ___59___, neighborhood life is not as close-knit as it once was. There seemsto be __60__ of a communal spirit. Life today is so hectic that there is often little time.51. A. spacious B. crowded C. remote D. deserted52. A. convenience B. comfort C. architecture D. taste53. A. in common B. in particular C. in chief D. in fact54. A. either B. as well C. in turn D. instead55. A. to B. in C. with D. for56. A. transform B. convert C. range D. shift57. A. blocks B . halts C. cuts off D. keeps off58. A. become B. come C. get D. grow59. A . stability B. mobility C. reality D.tranquility60. A. bit B. much C. more D. lessPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and markthe letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe popular idea that classical music can improve your maths isfalling form favor. New experiments have failed to support the widely publicized finding that Mozart 's music promotes mathematical thinking.Researchers reported six years age that listening to Mozart brings about short-tem improvements in spatial-temporal reasoning, the type of thinking used in maths. Gordon Shaw of the University of California at Irvine and Frances Rauscher of the University of Wisconsin in Oshkosh had asked students to perform spatial tasks such as imagining how a piece of paper would look if it were folded and cut in a certain pattern.Some of the students then listened to a Mozart sonata and took the test again. The performance of the Mozart group improved, Shaw found. He reasoned that listening to Mozart increases the number of connections between neurons.But Kenneth Steele of Appalachian State University in North Carolina learnt that other studies failed to find this effect. He decided to repeat one of Shaw's experiments to see for himself.Steele divided 125 students into three groups and tested their abilities to work out how to paper would look if cut and folded. One group listened to Mozart, another listened to a piece by Philip Glass and the third did not listen to anything. Then the students took the test again.No group showed any statistically significant improvement in their abilities. Steele concludes that the Mozart effect doesn't exist. “It 's about as unproven and as unsupported as you can g”eth.e says.Shaw, however, defends his study. One reason he gives is that people who perform poorly in the initial test get the greatest boost from Mozart, but Steele didn't separate his students into groups based on ability. “ We' sretill at the stage where it needs to be examined. ”Shaw says. “I suspect that the more we understand the neurobiology, the more w'ell be able to design tests that give a robust effec”t.61. It has been recently found out that ________A. Mozart had an aptitude of music because of his mathematicalthinkingB. classical music cannot be expected to improve on'se mathC. the effects of music on health are widely recognizedD. music favors one's mathematical thinking62. Which of the following pairs, according to the widely publicized finding, is connected?A. Paper cutting and spatial thinkingB. The nature of a task and the type of thinkingC. Classical music and mathematical performanceD. Mathematical thinking and spatial-temporal reasoning63. In Shaw's test, the students would most probably _____A. draw the image of the cut paperB. improve their mathematical thinkingC. have the idea about classical music confirmedD. increase the number of neurons in their brains64. From Steele's experiment we say that ____ .A. his hypothesis did not get proven and supportedB. it was much more complicated than Shaw'sC. the result were statistically significantD. Shaw's results were not repeatable65. Shaw is critical of ________A. Steele's results presented at a wrong stageB. Steele's wrong selection of the testeesC. Steele's ignorance of neurobiologyD. Steele's test designPassage TwoLong-suffering couples take heart. There is a good reason for those endless arguments in the front of the car: men and women use different parts of the brain when they try to find their way around, suggesting that the strategies they use might also be completely different.Matthias Riepe and his colleagues at the University of Ulm in Germany asked 24 healthy volunteers---half of them men, half women---to find theirway out of three virtual-reality mazes displayed on video goggles. Meanwhile, the researchers monitored the volunteers' brain activity using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. This showed that men and women called on strikingly different brain areas to complete the task. “I didn't expect it to be so dramatic,” says Riepe.Previous students have been shown that woman rely manly on landmarks to find their way. Men use these cues too, but they also use geometric cues, such as the angle and shape of a wall or a corner. Such studies also suggest that men navigate their way out of unfamiliar spaces more quickly, as Riepe found in his study, too.Riepe discovered that both men and women used parts of the parietal cortex towards the top of the brain, the right side of the hippocampus and a few other well-established areas to find their way out. Neuroscientists think that the parietal regions help translate what the eyes see into information about where the body is in space, while the hippocampal region helps progress how objects are arranged.But other regions seemed to be exclusively male or female. The men engaged the left side of their hippocampus, which the researcherssay could help with assessinggeometry or remembering whether they have already visited a location. The women, by contrast, recruited their right frontal cortex. Riepe says this may indicate that they were using their “working memory”, trying to keep in mind the landmarks they had passed.“It fits very well with the animal studies, ”says Riepe. He points out that there seem to be similar differences in rats. For example, damage to the frontal lobe will impair a female 's sense of direction, but not a mal'es.66. The studies on the driving issue have evolved _________A. from the car to the driverB. from the reality to the virtual -ealityC. from the physical cues to the parts of the brainD. from the cues of navigation to the strategies of driving67. The different parts of the brain men and women use to find their wayaround, according to the passage, refer to _______A. the left side of the hippocampus and the right frontal cortexB. the right and left side of their hippocampuses respectivelyC. the right and left hemisphere of their brains respectivelyD. the parietal cortex and the hippocampus as a whole68. The part of the brain women use may help explain whythey ___________ .A. use geometric cues to navigateB. have a better memory than menC. rely mainly on landmarks to find their waysD. behave less aggressively than men in driving69. T he reason for the differences in the sexes, according to Riepe, could beA. the environmental factorB. the psychological factorC. the innate factorD. all of the above70. Which one of the following questions did the studies answer?A. How do women and men drive differently?B. How can we detect the brain activities during driving?C. Why do men and women argue over which route to take?D. Why does the damage to the frontal lobe impair the sense ofdirection?Passage ThreeWork has left you frazzled. Your legs ache when you get back fromthe gym …don 'pop those aspiri ns just yet. Think hot spri ngs. Cranking up a hot tub and hopping in is a actural remedy that can provide significant relief from physical pain and stress.There are more than three million home spas in the U.S. today. Thereare numerous reasons spas have made the move from the decks of Hollywood producers to the back yards of middle America. Spas help reduce the effect of stress on your body, assist in muscle recovery after the stress of exercise, and help heal muscles near arthritic joints.There ate three elements to hydrotherapy that, in tandem, provide these healing effects on the body: heat, buoyancy, and motion. When you exercise, your muscles develop thousands of microscopic tears which result in painful lactic acid build-up in the muscle tissue. Hydrotherapy's motion and warmth cause blood vessels to dilate, lowering blood pressure and speeding the flow of oxygen, endorphins, and cell-repairing nutrients to injured muscles. Additionally, buoyancy of the water reduces the strain on your knees and joints which allow the surrounding muscles to relax. This can be of crucial help to arthritis sufferers, because when joints are inflamed, the surrounding muscles become tense to protect them. Relaxing in a spa then makes your muscles more limber and reduces the pain. Water's healing potential has long been known.We don't tend to associate intelligence with our bodies, yet as Thomas Edison said, “ Greatideas originate in the muscles.”Radical psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich believed that many of us inhibit or deny impulses, feelings, traumas, and stressesby tightening our muscles and creating a kind of “body armor.”He felt that as you cut off the source of pain, you also cut off the source of pleasure. By loosening body armor, byletting muscles relax, you can return to a feeling of flow and creativity.Few things can relax the body more than a home spa. And a relaxed body leads to a relaxed mind. There is no better place to start relaxing than an hour in your home hot springs.71. To begin with, what does the author insist we avoid doing?A. Undergoing physical pain and stress.B. Taking aspirin tablets.C. Going to the gym.D. Relaxing in a spa.72. What does the second sentence in the second paragraph implies?A. The origin of spas.B. The popularity of hot springs.C. The flux of people to mid America.D. The spas as a luxury only for the rich.73. After the stress of exercise, the injured muscles ___A. will lead to arthritisB. contain plenty of microscopic tearsC. can cause blood pressure to declineD. will boost the production of cell-repairing nutrients74. The author contends that our creativity _____A. can be enforced by the‘body armor”B. does not occur in mind but in the musclesC. can be hampered with our muscles tightenedD. is good only when we are free of mental an d physical stress75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Spas, the Best RelaxationB. A Brief History of Spas.C. Spa Resorts in the USAD. Soak AwayStressPassage FourConvincing the public to follow health advice can be tough and time-consuming. This may be why changes to health messages are often fiercely resisted by those whose job is to get the advice across. So, for example, the suggestion that smokers who cannot quit should reduce their exposure to harm by switching to chewing tobacco met with extreme opposition.A still more ferocious debate is emerging over the health impact of sunshine. For the past 20years, advice on sunlight has come from dermatologists who rightly warn people to cover up when they ventureoutside for fear of developing skin cancer. But evidence from researchersin other fields now suggests that short periods in the sun without protection—sometimes as little as a few minutes a day---can preventmost other major forms of cancer.This surprising conclusion stems from findings that vitamin D. which is made by skin cells exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays, is a potent anti-cancer agent. The researchers who made this discovery are eager to be heard. But their message is about as welcome as a bad rash, particularly in countries such as Australia and the US where fair-skinned immigrants living at Mediterranean latitudes have made skin cancer a huge problem.The American Academy of Dermatology argues that advocating one carcinogen ---- U V radiation --- to protect against other forms of cancer is dangerous and misleading. If people need more vitamin D, they should take a multivitamin or drink milk fortified with it, says the academy. Unfortunately, the solution is not as simple as that. Critics also argue that the protective effect of sunlight is not yet proved. While this may be true, the evidence is very suggestive. The case is built on several studies that bring together cellular biology, biochemistry and epidemiology.And all the criticism of this theory counts for nothing if, as some of its advocates, suggest, the number of people dying for lack of sunlight is four times as high as those dying from skin cancer. At the same time, those advocates must not overstate their case. Everyone wants to save as manylives as they can.What we need now is for national medical research bodies and cancer research organizations to investigate the relative risks and benefits of sunshine. This will almost certainly mean more epidemiological work, which should start as soon as possible. As for the public: give them the facts, including risk estimates for short periods in the sun---and for covering up. It is patronizing（施恩于人的） to assume that people cannot deal with complex messages.What we definitely do not want is a war of words between groups with polarized views, and no prospect of the issue being resolved. That way will only lead to confusion, distrust of doctors and more unnecessary deaths.76. According to the first two paragraphs, the problem seems to be that the public ________A. cannot be reached by health messagesB. is torn between two health messagesC. never trust those health researchersD. are divided over health problems77. The recent opposition goes to ________A. the protective value of sunshineB. the cancer-causing effect of sunshineC. the debate over the health impact of sunshineD. the two controversial messages about skin cancer78. According to the critics, the health impact of sunshine ________A. will be epidemiologically provedB. is misleading the public altogetherC. merits a comprehensive investigationD. can be easily addressed with a simple solution79. The author implies that health messages should be made easy _____A. to debateB. to swallowC. to estimateD. to publicize80. As for the issue, the author suggests that the public ________A. decide on their own how much sunshine is too muchB. avoid unnecessary deaths due to complex messagesC. be provided with reliable and practicable messagesD. facilitate the understanding of health messagesPassage FiveI make my way down the three chilly blocks to an old diner on Commercial Street. I am meeting a new friend for lunch. I 've never been here before: this is not my part of town. And so I arrive early, to sit in an old wooden booth and learn what I can about the place.They call it Katie 's kitchen. One hundred years ago, it was a bar. The barstools remain, but through community donations, it 's now a respectablerestaurant. The hostess, casher, and waiters are residents of a nearby hotel for the transient and unemployed and work here to gain dignity and job skills. Both the hotel and restaurant are run by Sister L, a nun with a heart and a great deal of business sense.My new friend arrives. He works down the street, in a clinic for indigent （穷的）persons; he knows these people. The workers and many of the clients seem to know him too, for I see warmth and proud smiles on their faces as he greets them. Behind him, a few nameless souls wander in from the street in a swirl of December wind.I focus on our waitress. A pretty girl of perhaps 18 years, she is all smiles and grace. I wonder for a moment why she's here ---what her story is;what her dreams are; whether she is raising children on her own. But I cannot hold the thought, for she reminds me of another waitress at my favorite coffee shop---a college student with a bright future.Some time later, I finish my soup and sandwich---a good meal made better because of the smile of the girl who served it. I wipe my mouth and go to pay. Eight dollars and sixty-four cents, for two. To our embarrassment, my friend and I discover that neither of us has cash, and my credit card is not good here.We sheepishly approach Sister L, who smiles and takes my bill. “It o'ka s y.”she says. “We'll buy your lunch. It 'll be our pleasure.”Slowly, I leave the world of the diner. Back at the hospital where I work, my boss laments our financial woes. “ We' rreeally tight,”he says.”。

医学博士英语试题及答案

医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案：C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案：A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案：A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案：B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案：A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案：A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案：A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案：cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案：otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案：excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案：prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案：computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案：asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案：appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案：hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案：magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案：glucose三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案：A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案：The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案：A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。

2020年全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案

2020年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题PAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section AConversation One1. A. The right medication for the woman. B. The advantage of regular medication.C. The popular medication on the Internet.D. The best medication for high blood pressure.2. A. To teach her how io properly use drugs. B. To prescribe her newly-developed drugs.C. To add a drug to the medication she is on.D. To increase the dosage of her medication.3. A. To prescribe two medication for her.B. To allow her to buy medicine on the Internet.C. To advise on the medicine her friend is using.D. To provide some medical advice to her friend.Conversation Two4. A. Japan. B. France. C. The UK. D. South Korea.5. A. Low obesity rates. B. Inadequate health resources.C. Advanced medical technology.D. High levels of alcohol consumption.6. A. Obesity rates in different countries. B. Dietary patterns in different countries.C. Life expectancy in different countries.D. Alcohol consumption in different countries.Conversation Three7. A. He had had a successful career. B. He had had a happy family.C. He had shown more love.D. He had been wealthier.8. A. In their late 20s. B. In their mid-30s. C. In their mid-40s. D. In their late 50s.9. A. They were carefree. B. They were peaceful.C. They were relaxing.D. They were fulfilling.Conversation Four10. A. Their positive effects. B. Their constant mutation.C. Difficulty in identifying them.D. Possibility of inheriting them.11. A. You may suffer from mental illnesses.B. You may be alone without feeling bad.C. You may have high levels of blood pressure.D. You may develop great ability to tolerate failure.12. A. Because he is always cheerful. B. Because he likes outdoor activities.C. Because he felt bad at the weekend.D. Because he was not at home last week.Conversation Five13. A. Global trends. B. Latest advances.C. Existing problems.D. Technical solutions14. A. It is costly. B. It is inefficient.C. It simplifies tasks.D. It facilitates their work.15. A. They are unsafe. B. They are user-friendly.C. They are brief and concise.D. They are lengthy and incomprehensible.Passage One16. A. How she changed her career. B. What it takes to be a volleyball coach.C. How she walked out of her comfort zone.D. What is the best route to being a doctor.17. A. Because of a high salary. B. Because of her medical education.C. Because of her family background.D. Because of her interest in physical therapy.18. A. An MD degree. B. More medical knowledge.C. Eight years of medical education.D. Experience with a volleyball team.Passage Two19. A. Medical insurance in the U.S. B. Healthcare system in the U. S.C. Telemedicine services in the U. S.D. Health services for the elderly in the U.S.20. A. Because they think that the doctor online is unfriendly.B. Because they do not have trust in online medical services.C. Because they are not accessible to online medical services.D. Because they do not know much about computer operation.21. A. Because it can provide quality services.B. Because it can provide rich information.C. Because it can offer personalized services.D. Because it can cut down on healthcare cost.Passage Three22. A. They are too costly.B. They are not embraced by workers.C. They may not produce the desired benefits.D. They may demand extra efforts from companies.23. A. The wellness program might not be as beneficial as expected.B. The wellness program helped to reduce the healthcare costs.C. The wellness program significantly improved the workers’ health.D. The wellness program did not significantly change the workers’ behaviors.24. A. To develop more effective wellness programs.B. To find out the long-term effects of wellness programs.C. To encourage more workers to enroll in wellness programs.D. To confirm the employers’ expectations for wellness programs.Passage Four25. A. He fell off stairs. B. He almost lost his life.C. He had his spine and arm injured.D. He received two operations.26. A. It reduces surgery hours. B. It stabilizes bone fractures.C. It replaces rods and screws.D. It helps bone grow in a short time.27. A. It was effective in Ellis’s case. B. It cannot be widely applied yet.C. It only works on serious injuries.D. It was used for the first time.Passage Five28. A. It decreases the risk of diabetes. B. It disrupts their digestive system.C. It impacts their metabolism.D. It decreases the risk of obesity.29. A. It may be harmful. B. It may be addictive.C. It may improve health.D. It may cause insomnia.30. A. Sleep loss and health. B. Recovery sleep and health.C. Weekday sleep schedules.D. Weekend sleep schedules.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D are given beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, and then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31. If there is a good drug available, it is everyone’s responsibility to make sure patients can ________ it.A. affordB. demandC. tolerateD. supply32. Cancer cells hide among healthy cells to conceal their _______ proteins.A. abundantB. malignantC. equivalentD. prevalent33. If the thought of leaving home without your mobile phone causes you to _______ cold sweat, you could be suffering from nomophobia: the fear of having no mobile phone.A. break intoB. break outC. break throughD. break up34. Measles virus can remain in the air for at least a couple of hours, infecting anyone who is susceptible, and _______ causing deadly outbreaks.A. particularlyB. positivelyC. potentiallyD. proficiently35. There are ill effects on the health of older people when their activities are restricted; _______, intervention that increases the range of their activities promotes their health.A. in additionB. in contrastC. in turnD. in short36. Heavy metals can impair cognitive development in children, who are especially at risk because of their size and _______ to absorb more of these substances than adults do.A. characterB. resistanceC. temperD. tendency37. The doctor said his new strategy had started to _______, predicting that the patient’s condition would improve in the coming months.A. pay offB. pick upC. show upD. sort out38. Blocked vessels have several _______ symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, and an abnormal cardiac stress test.A. classicB. conciseC. originalD. obscure39. Stem cells are _______ cells with the ability to divide and develop into many other kinds of cells.A. infertileB. juvenileC. mobileD. versatile40. Before a drug is approved and launched into the market, a significant amount of time and money is spent in an effort to select the most effective one from several drug _______.A. adversariesB. candidatesD. volunteersC. manufacturersSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one that would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part, and then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41. He says that constant thirst is an undesirable effect of chemotherapy for which no remedy exists in Western medical practice, but certain herbs do provide relief for such patients.A. protectionB. provisionC. theoryD. therapy42. As a nurse, Dorothy is a natural healer who is endowed with compassion and has a variety of modalities to benefit her patients of all ages.A. braveryB. expertiseC. proficiencyD. sympathy43. Many problems that we face, such as depression, compulsive and addictive behaviors, and anxiety, result from human inherent desire to seek pleasure.A. consecutiveB. excessiveC. obsessiveD. possessive44. Virtually, every cell in the body contains its own circadian clock machinery.A. PracticallyB. NaturallyC. SuperficiallyD. Thoroughly45. The eradication of smallpox inspired the world to eradicate other infectious diseases. This optimism was in vain, as infectious diseases are still a big problem in some parts of the world.A. callousB. deliberateC. futileD. negligent46. The comments by the family member invited a series of responses following the unsuccessful rescue attempts for the injured in the emergency room.A. enquiredB. objectedC. promptedD. suppressed47. Fluoride deters tooth decay by reducing the growth of bacteria that destroy tooth enamel.A. inhibitsB. loosensC. hastensD. triggers48. This newly established fund has a range of medical programs undertaken by universities, industrial labs, or university-industry collaborative projects.A. cooperativeB. innovativeC. lucrativeD. representative49. To reduce the chance of suffocation, pillows should not be placed in the cradle of the kid.A. breathingB. chokingC. sweatingD. swallowing50. The community health nurse often notes the devastating effects on family members as the patient’s chronic illness takes its course.A. develops graduallyB. deteriorates suddenlyC. recovers ultimatelyD. recurs frequentlyDirections: In this part there is a passage with ten numbered blanks, for each of which four choices marked A, B, C, and D are listed correspondingly. Choose the best answer, and then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Scientists have long known a fairly reliable way to extend the life span in lab animals: reduce the amount of calories they eat by 10 to 40 percent.This strategy, known 51 caloric restriction, has been shown to increase the life span of various organisms and reduce their rate of cancer and other age-related ailments. 52 it can do the same in people has been an open question. But an intriguing new study suggests that in young and middle-aged adults, chronically restricting calorie 53 can affect their health.In this study, researchers looked at 143 healthy men and women who 54 in age from 21 to 50. They were instructed to 55 caloric restriction for two years. They could eat the foods they wanted 56 they cut back on the total amount of food that they ate to reduce the calories they consumed by 25 percent. Many did not 57 that goal. But the group saw many of their metabolic health markers improve 58 they were already in the normal range.Some of the benefits in the calorie-restricted group 59 from impressive weight loss, on average about 16 pounds during the study period. But the extent to which their metabolic health got better was greater than expected from weight loss alone, 60 that caloric restriction might have some unique biological effects on disease pathways. 51. A. as B. by C. for D. to52. A. WhatB. WhetherC. WhateverD. Whichever53. A. injectionB. invasionC. intakeD. input54. A. rankedB. rangedC. fluctuatedD. measured55. A. enhanceB. entertainC. preserveD. practice56. A. as well asB. as soon asC. so long asD. so far as57. A. attestB. affirmC. assertD. achieve58. A. as ifB. so thatC. in caseD. even though59. A. tracedB. evolvedC. stemmedD. stimulated60. A. suggestB. suggestsC. suggestedD. suggestingPart IV Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer, and then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneGianluca Vialli, manager of Chelsea Football Club, expressed it explicitly enough: “The foot is the tool of the trade of the footballer.” You might therefore expect footballers to take particularly good care of their feet. But results presented at a recent conference of dermatologists in Amsterdam suggest otherwise. Professional footballers seem as likely to suffer from fungal infections of the foot as other people.One study, called Achilles Project, looked at 76, 475 pairs of feet belonging to people from 18 European countries. It found that 26% of the sample had Tinea pedis, better known as athlete’s foot, while 30% had Onychomycosis, an infection that causes toenails to become thickened, discolored and distorted. The results showed that East European countries have consistently higher rates of infection. On average, 30% of Britons, Germans and Belgians had some form of fungal infection, compared with 85%of Russians, and less than 10% of Spaniards.Furthermore, adults under the age of 40 who took regular exercise had a 40% greater risk of fungal infection than those who did not. Leisure centers and swimming pools were identified as potential health hazards to the very people who visit them to stay fit. Communal showers and changing rooms are perfect breeding—grounds for the highly infectious fungi that spread foot and nail infection: up to 1,500 fungally-infected skin fragments per square meters have been found in some leisure facilities. Sweaty socks and warm, damp sports shoes provide equally hospitable environments.All of which goes some way to explaining the footballers. No doubt all that time spent in showers and changing-rooms is partly responsible. But Dr. Caputo, a dermatologist, also found another factor: footballers are often reluctant, for superstitious reasons, to discard their old boots. He found that players get attached to particular boots; if they score a goal with one, they will wear it again and again. The risk of athlete’s foot may be a small price to pay for a goal.61. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Footballers do not care for their feet as expected.B. Footballers’ feet are more sensitive to fungal infections.C. Footballers usually care for their feet more than other people.D. Footballers’ feet are more vulnerable than those of other people.62. According to the passage, “Achilles Project” was designed to ______.A. serve as a global screening for foot infectionsB. collect a sample of infected athletes for researchC. look into the conditions of feet in European countriesD. find measures for reducing high rates of foot infections63. From the description of Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis, we are sure that __________.A. Tinea pedis affects athletes more than OnychomycosisB. Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis are both fungal infectionsC. Tinea pedis is a more serious infection than OnychomycosisD. Tinea pedis is more sensitive to anti-fungal drugs than Onychomycosis64. Which of the following can be safely inferred concerning the leisure centers and swimming pools?A. They could help people in one way and harm them in another.B. They do not spread infections as much as other public places.C. They do not perform adequate check-ups for their visitors.D. They are unlikely to spread fungal infection.65. What did Dr. Caputo find about footballers?A. They play too much to keep their feet clean.B. They usually do not throw away comfortable boots.C. They believe some shoes may bring them good luck.D. They often stick to high-priced shoes for scoring goals.Passage TwoA decade ago, most patients were informed over the phone or in person by the doctors. But in the past few years, hospitals and medical practices have urged patients to sign up for portals, which allow them rapid, round-the-clock access to their records. Lab tests are now released directly to patients.The push for portals has been fueled by several factors: the widespread embrace of technology, incentive payments to medical practices and hospitals that were part of 2009 federal legislation to encourage “meaningful use” of electronic records, and a 2014 federal rule giving patients direct access to their results. Policymakers have long regarded electronic medical records as a way to foster patient engagement and improve patient safety.Are portals delivering on their promise to engage patients? Or are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because information is provided without adequate-or sometimes any-guidance?Although what patients see online and how quickly they see it differs—sometimes even within the same hospital system-most portals contain lab tests, imaging studies, pathology reports and less frequently, doctors’ notes. It is not uncommon for a test result to be posted before the doctor has seen it.Katharine Treadway, an internist, knows what it’s like to obtain shocking news from an electronic medical record. The experience, she said, has influenced the way she practices.More than a decade ago-long before most patients had portals-Treadway, with her husband’s permission, pulled up the results of his MRI scan on a hospital computer while waiting to see the specialist treating his sudden, unbearable arm pain.“It showed a massive tumor and widespread metastatic disease,” Treadway recalled. She never suspected that her 59-year-old husband had cancer, let alone a highly aggressive and usually fatal form of advanced lymphoma.Treadway, whose husband has been cancer-free for more than a decade, said she remembered intently checking the name and date of birth, certain she had the wrong patient, then rebooting thecomputer several times “like I was going to get a different answer.”66. What is the trend mentioned at the beginning of the passage?A. More lab tests are ordered through portals.B. More hospitals provide rapid, round-the-clock services.C. More medical consultations are conducted over the phone.D. More patients are encouraged to use portals for their medical information.67. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor for the increasing use of portals?A. Popular acceptance of technology.B. Lower payments for the patients to obtain their results.C. Financial benefits for hospital use of electronic records.D. Legal requirement to provide patients with direct access to their results.68. What concerns the author in respect to the increasing use of portals?A. Unsafe access to patients’ personal information.B. Inadequate guidance for the patients to use portals.C. Improper delivery of the medical results to the patients.D. Different contents provided to the patients by different systems.69. Which of the following statements is true about Dr. Treadway’s husband?A. He was depressed by the diagnosis of his disease.B. He was screened for a highly aggressive and fatal cancer.C. He was mismatched with the electronic records of his MRI scan.D. He was informed of the results of his MRI scan via hospital portals.70. The author cites Katharine Treadway’s experience to_______.A. explain the hidden risk of portals being illegally accessedB. exemplify the potential risk of misinforming patients through portalsC. illustrate the progress in the way information is delivered to the patientsD. show the advantages of portals over phone in releasing patients’ informationPassage ThreeIn planning for the health needs of these immigrant families, Francesca Weissman, a healthcare practitioner, asked two questions: (1) “What are the most urgent needs of this population?” and (2) “How can this population be induced to use the health services that are available?” In some respects, the second question is more important because persuading immigrant families to utilize services is a basic problem.Building trust is a primary goal. Employing caregivers who can speak the clients’ language will do much to lower ethnic barriers and reduce suspicion on the part of the potential clients. Many traditional families are slow to develop personal relationships, and this holds true in the interactions with caregivers. Unless the families can communicate with caregivers, they cannot begin to trust them. Without trust, they are not likely to seek or even accept assistance.Communication is a two-way channel. Caregivers, Francesca realized, have an obligation to become acquainted with the culture of the growing ethnic populations, and of their diverse subgroups. By becoming informed and by conveying respect, caregivers can make interactions with immigrant families less frightening and more productive. Awareness of the economic climate and other conditions in the place of origin helps caregivers recognize that the suspiciousness of immigrant families towards officials.A family approach to health care is recommended for immigrant groups. If the whole family can be involved in the healthcare program, the individual members are likely to be less fearful. Family-oriented programs may begin with practical advice about the neighborhood: locations of grocery stores, where to apply for food stamps, and how to look for work. Any programs developed for immigrant families must be offered at convenient times and places because they may not have the knowledge or resources to travel freely in their new community.71. The passage begins by implying that immigrant families may not _________.A. be aware of their own health needsB. be willing to use the available servicesC. be entitled to the basic healthcare servicesD. be able to afford services other than the most basic72. It is difficult to build trust between immigrant clients and caregivers because _________.A. caregivers have little overseas working experienceB. caregivers may not speak the clients’ native languageC. caregivers have a strong sense of cultural superiorityD. caregivers are averse to the clients’ ethnic background73. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. Understanding different cultures is necessary in offering good services.B. Lack of information and respect is a common problem among caregivers.C. Ethnic populations are gaining significant influence in the healthcare system.D. It is unreasonable to emphasize specific conditions in immigrants’ native homes.74. Which of the following is important when the family approach is adopted?A. Sufficient resources should be guaranteed to ensure the success.B. The daily life of the family should be cared for first and foremost.C. Fear among family members should be relieved at the beginning stage.D. What is included in the programs should be both practical and practicable.75. What does the passage mainly focus on in terms of services to immigrant families?A. How to establish an immigrant-friendly neighborhood.B. How to help immigrants enjoy available healthcare services.C. How to make an assessment of the existing healthcare services.D. How to assist caregivers in understanding immigrants’ family influence.Passage FourThis year mark the 100th anniversary of the deadliest event in U.S. history: the Spanish influenza epidemic of 1918. Although science and technology have advanced tremendously over the past century, the Pandemic peril remains; a recent exercise at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security showed that an epidemic of an influenza-like virus could kill 15 million Americans in a single year.The medical community’s response to this danger is, understandably, focused on research ang response—discovering new vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics and fighting ongoing epidemics, such as the current Ebola outbreak in Congo. But these urgent undertakings are not sufficient. If the World is to tackle many factors that raise our risk of a devastating pandemic, the medical community may have to enter theatres of operation beyond the laboratory bench and the treatment unit and publicly engage with controversial issues that some observers would consider nonmedical. Indeed, I believe that only such efforts can save us from the social trends, political movements, and policy failures that arc elevating our risk of a pandemic. There are three aspects in particular where the medical community’s intervention is urgently needed.First is the rising tide of isolationism and xenophobia (排外) in many high-income nations, particularly the United States and European countries. The belief that isolating ourselves from the world can prevent the spread of diseases is irrational: we can build no wall high enough to keep out infectious diseases and discase-bearing vectors.The second trend is the growing tide of antiscientific thinking and resistance to evidence-based medicine. In low-income countries, skepticism about vaccines is an everlasting challenge, but what we are seeing in the United States and Europe is something very different, and very dangerous. The growing refusal of parents in high-income countries to vaccinate their children is the tip of an iceberg that could sink us all in the event of an epidemic demanding rapid vaccine deployment and acceptance.Finally, and perhaps most fundamentally, medical professionals can step into the public arena to take on unpleasant and contentious political issues such as climate change and isolationism. Many members of the medical community prefer to avoid becoming involved in controversial issues that seem to be outside the scope of medical concerns, but their voices are needed to confront such issues.76. What does the author mainly do in the first paragraph?A. Warn the world against the upcoming influenza pandemic.B. Give credit to tremendous advances in science and technology.C. Remind the readers of the potential devastating pandemic perils.D. Reflect on the severity of the Spanish influenza epidemic of 1918.77. To address the increasing risk of pandemics, the author suggests that the medical community ______.A. focus more on the urgent undertakingsB. pay more attention to research and responseC. make quicker response in fighting ongoing epidemicsD. get more actively engaged with issues other than medical78. According to Paragraph 3, what do the United States and European countries need to do toprevent infectious diseases and disease-bearing vectors?A. To build high wails.B. To maintain an open mentality.C. To isolate themselves from each other.D. To learn from other high-income nations.79. What can be said of the second trend mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. Skepticism about vaccines can be tackled easily.B. Antiscientific thinking is not serious in low-income countries.C. High-income countries should learn from low-income countries.D. Parental resistance to vaccinating their children can be disastrous.80. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Medical concerns are as controversial as nonmedical issues.B. Medical professionals should be more concerned with medical issues.C. More and more medical professionals are involved in controversial issues.D. The medical community should play a more active role in controversial issues.Passage FiveIn medical terminology, the words history and physical almost always appear together in that order. As a physician, you do not engage a patient in the neurological examination until you’ve gathered the details of his or her debilitating headaches.But at one time in our medical careers, we are instructed to perform the most thorough physical examination possible without learning so much as the patient’s name. All we are given is an anatomy table number, an age, and a cause of death. We work our way through the anatomy lab—inspecting, searching, and feeling every muscle, bone, and organ-and we write our patients’ histories ourselves.To better understand the life of the woman who had donated her body for my education, I created the Obituary (讣告）Writing Program at Georgetown University during my first year of medical school. I worked with an obituary writer, Emily Langer, to develop a workshop to help interested medical students reflect on the lives that their corpses may have lived. She instructed us on the art of weaving disconnected memories into a single story. A series of creative writing prompts resulted in one student’s story of a dramatic football injury occurring in the middle of a competitive match. This moment in his corpse’s life was imagined from a pink prosthetic (假体的）hip beneath massive layers of muscle.The first conversation with my donor’s son lasted over an hour despite my initial fear that I would ask the wrong questions or offer the wrong words of sympathy. His mother was a small-town farm girl from Wisconsin. Dr. Carol Kennedy, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Class of 1972. She was a devout Catholic who considered being a physician a privilege and an opportunity to serve others. She wanted to continue to serve even after her death by donating her body to Georgetown University in order to educate future medical students like me.We have finally put the history in its rightful place before the physical—students now interview the families of their donors before making the first cut in the anatomy lab. Our corpses are our first counterparts in the privileged patient-physician relationship, and now we are able to begin that partnership just as we hope to do throughout the rest of our medical careers.81. The statement that “the words history and physical almost always appear together in that order”。

全国医学统考考博博士英语真题与答案

目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题答案 (17)2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (19)医学考博英语历年真题2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:I n this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.How to deal with his sleeping problem. B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer time. B.To discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to work. B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.4. A.Fullness in the stomach. B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.5. A.extremely severe. B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.6. A.He has lost some weight. B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.7. A.She is giving the man an injection. B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.8. A.In the gym. B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.9. A.Diarrhea. B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.10. A.She has developed allergies. B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.11. A.Listen to music. B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.12. A.She isn't feeling well. B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weatherD.She is feeling relieved.13. A.Michael's wife was ill B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-minded. B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.15. A.Ten years ago. B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages'after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A.A blood test. B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight. B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller,lighter meals.18. A.Potato chips. B.Chicken. C.Cereal. D.fish.19. A.Ulcer B.Cancer C.Depression. D.Hernia.20. A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21. A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type1and Type2diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above40degrees Fahrenheit.23. A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream。

2016年全国医学博士英语统考参考答案

注意：本答案非华慧考博官网出，完整参考答案请及时关注《华慧医学考博英语一本通》2016医博英语考试听力部分答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.2016医学考博英语Vocabulary参考答案Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all the legal hustle and bus tle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ asa result of bed shortages.”A. facilitated B. forfeited C. fulfilled D. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: C2016医学考博英语阅读参考答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefitsfromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing全国医学考博英语作文讲的是全科医生的缺乏和对策首先讲医疗发展了，人们对医疗的需求加大，但是全科医生缺乏。

2024年医学博士入学英语考试

2024 Medical Doctoral Entrance English ExamSection A: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below.*Passage:The field of medicine is constantly evolving, driven by advancements in technology, research, and clinical practice. As a future medical doctor, you will be responsible for staying up-to-date with these developments and applying them to improve patient care.Questions:What drives the constant evolution of the field of medicine?A. Patient demandB. Technological advancementsC. Doctor's preferencesD. Political influenceWhat responsibility will a future medical doctor have?A. To conduct researchB. To manage hospital operationsC. To stay updated on medical developmentsD. To set healthcare policiesSection B: Vocabulary and GrammarComplete the sentences below with the correct form of the given words.*The patient's condition _______ (improve, improves, improved) significantly after the treatment.The research team is _______ (currently, current, curently) studying the effects of the new drug.The doctor recommended that the patient _______ (take, takes, taken) the medication regularly.Section C: TranslationTranslate the following sentences from English to Chinese.*The doctor's diagnosis was accurate and timely.The patient's recovery has been slow but steady.The research findings have the potential to revolutionize medical treatment.Section D: WritingWrite an essay on the following topic: The Role of Technology in Modern Medicine.*第一部分：阅读理解阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。

全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题

最新版--全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题2015 年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按"考场指令"要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。

2. 试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(PaperTwo)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。

3. 试卷一答题时必须使用28 铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑:如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。

书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。

4. 标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。

5. 听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间。

国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said,The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example.You will hear.Woman: 1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You haven't had a bite all day Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read.A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an antC. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answerNow let's begin with question Number 1.1 A. How to deal with his sleeping problem.B. The cause of his sleeping problem.C. What follows his insomnia.D. The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer timeB. To discontinue the medication.C. To come to see her again.D. To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to workB. To take a sick leave.C. To keep away from work.D. To have a follow-up.4.A. Fullness in the stomach.B. Occasional stomachache.C. Stomach distention.D. Frequent belches.5. A. extremely severe.B. Not very severe.C. More severe than expected.D. It's hard to say.6. A. He has lost some weight.B. He has gained a lot.C. He needs to exercise moreD. He is still overweight.7. A. She is giving the man an injectionB. She is listening to the man's heartC. She is feeling the man's pulse.D. She is helping the man stop shivering8. A. In the gym. B. In the officeC. In the clinic.D. In the boat.9 . A. Diarrhea. B. Vomiting.C. Nausea.D. Acold.10. A. She has developed allergies.B. She doesr1·t know what al|ergies are-C. She doesn't have any allergiesD. She has allergies treated already.11 A. Listen to music. B. Read magazines.24. A. It is stable at room temperature for several years.B. It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C. It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D. It is more chemically complex.25. A. Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B. How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.C. Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes don't produce enough insulin.D. What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar form blood.PassageTwo26 . A. Vegetative patients are more aware.B. Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movement.C. EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patientsD. We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.27 A. The left-hand side of the brain.B. The right-hand side of the brain.C The central part of the brain.D. The front part of the brain28. A. 31 B. 6. C.4. D. 129. A. The patient was brain-deadB. The patient wasn't brain-dead.C. The patient had some control over his eye movements.D. The patient knew the movement he or she was making30. A. The patient is no technically vegetative.B. The patient can communicate in some way.C. We can train the patient of speak.D. The family members and doctors can provide better care.Part 11 Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four word- or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET31 Despite his doctor’s note of caution，he never __ from drinking and smokingA. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. abstained32. People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to _ their hearingA. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilizeD.supplement33. Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did notseem to _ Larry in any way in his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impede34. When the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their planA. accordingly B alternatively C. considerably D. relatively35. It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_ _ future adults with appreciation of music.A acquaint B. familiarized C. endow D. amuse36. If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy pricesA. level out B stand out C come off D. wear off37 Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate from qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB. palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. Ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine，and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. The newly designed system is to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC. translatableD. amenable Section BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There arefour words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41 Every year more than 1,000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propellingB. prolongingC. puzzlingD. promising42. Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A. disgraceB. discriminationC. harassmentD. segregation43. Survivors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude..A. depletionB. dehydrationC. exhaustionD. handicap44. Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine. A. negative B. confusing C. eloquent D. indistinct45. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A. anticipateB. clarifyC. examineD. verify46. His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A. challengingB. solemnC. hostileD. demanding47 The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.A. erasedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench itA. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictableB. unconventionalC. unparalleledD. unexpected50. A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating.A. estimatingB. handlingC. rectifyingD. anticipatingPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and 0 on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases, 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth，52 tumors were discovered in her daughter's cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby's cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father，53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child 's body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the first 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier But this is not the case -- microchimerism ，55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 percent of cases and to go the other way about half 56 .As the BBC pointed out, the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancercells, which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched.59 according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of "cancer danger" Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby's immune system is extremely low51 A. suggests B. suggestingC. having suggestedD. suggested52. A. since B. althoughC. whereasD. when53. A. what B. whomC. whoD.as54. A. predicted B. notoriousC. provenD. detailed55. A. where B. whenC. ifD. whatever56. A. as many B. as muchC. as wellD. as often57 A. threat B. puzzleC.obstacleD. dilemma58. A. detection B. deletionC. amplificationD. addition59. A. Therefore B. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Conclusively60. A. likelihood B. functionC. influenceD. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETPassage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests, and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this case a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would've been two competing companies hadn't sat down and put their heads togetherAre there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary information? Who's to say, but it seems like with the amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology's favorite four-letter word: cure.61 Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Competition and CooperationB. Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals nowA. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lion's shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer thatA. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. From the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question _A. is nowhere to be foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65. The tone of the author of this passage seems to beA. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. optimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th -leading cause of death in the U.S., chiefly because once it's determined that a patient needs a new liver it's very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there's guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-gown livers into rats.The livers aren't grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold (支架) with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats' vascular systems. However the current method isn't perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can't keep functioning for more than about 24 hours (hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplant)But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong-and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants-lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.66. It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended toA. investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB. explore the unknown functions of the human liverC. reduce the incidence of liver disease in the U.S.D. address the source of liver transplants67 What does the author mean when he says that the livers aren't grown from scratch?A. The making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture.B. A huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab.C. The building of the infrastructure of a donor liverD. Growing liver cells in the donor organ68. The biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab untilA. duplicated syntheticallyB. isolated from the healthy liverC. repopulated with the healthy cellsD. the addition of some man-made blood vessels69. What seems to be the problem in the planted liver?A. The rats as wrong recipients.B. The time point of the transplantation .C. The short period of the recellularization.D. The insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels.70. The research team holds high hopes ofA. creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB. the timetable for generating human livers in the labC. stem-cell research as the future of medicineD. building a fully functioning liver into ratsPassage ThreePatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical burns typically experience severe damage to the cornea--the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye's focusing ability. In along-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study, the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, the restored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea.Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful in several patients whose burn injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery.Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient's healthy eye, or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient's own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring blindness, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea; it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves.Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries.The results of the study, based at Italy's University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.71 What is the main idea of this passage?A. Stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by burns.B. The vision in the eyes blinded by burns for 10 years can be restored.C. The restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for 10 years.D. The burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons.72. The Italian technique reported in this passageA. can repair damaged retinasB. is able to treat damaged optic nervesC. is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD. shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea73. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye burns?A. The places in which people work.B. The accidents that involve using household cleaning products.C. The mishaps that involved vehicles batteries.D. The disasters caused by battery explosion at home.74. What is one of the requirements for the current approach?A. The stem cells taken from a healthy eye.B. The patient physically healthy.C. The damaged eye with partial vision.D. The blindness due to damaged optic nerves.75. Which of the following words can best describe the author's attitude towards thenew method?A. Sarcastic.B. Indifferent.C. Critical.D. PositivePassage FourHere is a charming statistic: divide the US by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday. A typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that.America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies--and are only partly explained by access to healthcare.But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail (开创)，after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city's black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively.We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London.What's exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation .Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health, similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health, in populations ranging from urban black men to white poor women in rural Appalachia.To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a "soft science" with little that's serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle--fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicineIt's time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society's most deprived members. More important, it's time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor76. As shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects -A. injustice everywhereB. racial discriminationC. a growing life spanD. health inequalities77. Which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based project?A. Where to live.B. Which race to belong toC. How to adjust environmentally.D. What medical problem to suffer.78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment79. Which of the following can most probably neglected by sociologists?A. The racial perspective.B. The environmental aspect.C. The biological dimension.D. The psychological angel.80. The author is a big fan ofA. the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB. the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC. the mutual understanding and respect between racesD. public education and health promotionPassage FiveAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8, 2010, in the journal Science.One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered , according to a report on the findings published in the WallStreet Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says.The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJreports. At the very, least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs.It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008.The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amidthe cells of the African-American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. Theyused the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45's cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodiesScientists have already discovered plenty of antibodies that either don't work at all or only work on a couple of HIV strains. Last year marked the first time that researchers found "broadly neutralizing antibodies," which knock out many H IV strains. But none of those antibodies neutralized more than about 40 percent of them the WSJ says. The newest antibody, at 91 percent neutralization, is a marked improvement.Still, more work needs to be done to ensure the antibodies would activate the immune system to produce natural defenses against AIDS, the study authors say. They suggest there test methods that blend the three new antibodies together--in raw form to prevent transmission of the virus, such as from mother to child; in a microbicide gel that women or gay men could use before sex to prevent infection; or as a treatment for HIV/AIDS, combined with antiretroviral drug.If the scientists can find the right way to stimulate production of the antibodies, theythink most people could produce then , the WSJ says.81 We can learn from the beginning ofthe passage that_A. a newly discovered antibody defeats 91 % of the H IV strainsB. a new antiretroviral drug has just come on the marketC. American researchers have developed a new vaccine for HIVD. the African-American gay man was cured of his HIV infection82. What is the implication of the antibodies discovered in the cells of the African-American gay man?。

2024医学博士英语考试真题及答案

2024医学博士英语考试真题及答案2024 Medical Doctor English Exam Questions and AnswersAre you preparing for the 2024 Medical Doctor English Exam? Look no further! Below are some sample questions and answers that can help you ace the exam.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow:The human body is a complex system of organs and tissues that work together to maintain health. One of the most vital organs in the body is the heart. The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to all the organs and tissues. It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle to keep the heart functioning properly.1. What is the main function of the heart in the human body?A) Pumping bloodB) Digesting foodC) Regulating body temperatureD) Filtering waste productsAnswer: A) Pumping blood2. Why is it important to maintain a healthy lifestyle?A) To stay young foreverB) To prevent diseases and illnessesC) To lose weight quicklyD) To increase stress levelsAnswer: B) To prevent diseases and illnessesSection 2: Listening ComprehensionListen to the following audio clip and answer the questions that follow:(Audio clip: A doctor is giving advice on how to prevent the flu)3. According to the doctor, what is the best way to prevent the flu?A) Getting enough sleepB) Eating junk foodC) Avoiding exerciseD) Washing hands frequentlyAnswer: D) Washing hands frequently4. What should you do if you start to feel symptoms of the flu?A) Go to workB) Stay at home and restC) Ignore the symptomsD) Exercise vigorouslyAnswer: B) Stay at home and restSection 3: Grammar and VocabularyChoose the correct answer to fill in the blank in the following sentences:5. The patient _____________ to the hospital last night.A) goB) goesC) wentD) goingAnswer: C) went6. The doctor _____________ the patient's blood pressure.A) is checkingB) checksC) checkedD) has checkedAnswer: B) checksSection 4: WritingWrite a short essay on the importance of vaccinations in preventing diseases. Include reasons why vaccinations are necessary, how they work, and any potential risks associated with vaccinations.Answer: Vaccinations are crucial in preventing diseases as they help to build immunity against harmful pathogens. They work by introducing a small amount of weakened or dead virus or bacteria into the body, allowing the immune system to recognize and fight off the pathogen more effectively in the future. Vaccinations have been instrumental in eradicating deadly diseases such as smallpox and polio. However, there are some potential risks associated with vaccinations, such as allergic reactions or rare side effects. Despite these risks, the benefits of vaccinations far outweigh the risks, as they protect individualsand communities from serious and potentially life-threatening diseases.Practice these sample questions and answers to prepare for the 2024 Medical Doctor English Exam. Good luck!。

全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下载版

2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all th e legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: CSection B41. scrutinyA. sanctionB. restrictionC. censusD. examinationKey: D42. potentA. inexpensiveB. powerfulC. conventionalD. lethal Key: B43. at odds withA. in tune withB. in favor ofC. for the sakeof D. in disagreement withKey: D44. eminentA. renownedB. notoriousC. popularD. mysteriousKey: A45. diversityA. sevrityB. reliablilityC.variety D. specificityKey: C46. lapseA. errorB. sinC. guiltD. offenseKey: A47. jaundiceA. grievanceB. sympathyC.jealousy D. indignationKey: C48. to little availA. by no meansB. in vainC. of no accountD. at stakeKey: B49. lavishlyA. fearlesslyB. conspicuouslyC.wastefully D. ferociouslyKey: C50. progressionA. deteriorationB. accumulationC. expansionD. promotionKey: APart III Cloze (10%)51. A. careful about B. capable of C. accessibleto D. susceptible toKey: B52. A. in the event B. in an attempt C. at the moment D. along the wayKey: D53. A. exclusive B. very C. just D. exactKey: A54. A. indeed B. however C. moreover D. thereforeKey: B55. A. demonstration B. dimension C. destiny D. determinationKey: C56. A. has been said B. being said C. was said D. is said Key: B57. A. more or less B. pretty much C. as ever D. if any Key: B58. A. while B. despite C. nevertheless D. sinceKey: C59. A. case B. mold C. sense D. conditionKey: C60. A. different B. similar C.insufficient D. significantKey: DPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage,is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.”D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing作文的标题：The Cultivation and Development of General Practitioner。

全国医学博士外语统一考试真题

选择题以下哪个选项最符合医学伦理的原则？A. 为追求科研成果，不惜牺牲患者的利益B. 尊重患者的自主权，充分告知治疗方案和潜在风险C. 隐瞒患者的疾病诊断结果，以避免其产生焦虑D. 在未获得患者同意的情况下，擅自进行临床试验下列哪项不是常见的医学影像学技术？A. X射线摄影B. 核磁共振成像（MRI）C. 超声波检查D. 红外线扫描医学博士在进行临床研究时，应如何确保数据的准确性和可靠性？A. 仅选择预期结果相符的数据进行分析B. 对所有收集到的数据进行统计分析，包括不符合预期的结果C. 随意修改原始数据，以符合研究假设D. 忽略异常值，只分析大多数数据关于药物临床试验，以下哪个说法是正确的？A. 药物临床试验必须在动物身上进行，确保安全后才可在人体上进行B. 药物临床试验只需在少数健康志愿者身上进行即可C. 药物临床试验必须遵循伦理原则，确保受试者的权益和安全D. 药物临床试验的结果可以完全预测药物在所有人群中的效果在医学研究中，以下哪种研究方法最适合用于探索病因？A. 病例对照研究B. 临床试验C. 流行病学调查D. 分子生物学实验下列关于医学文献检索的说法，哪个是错误的？A. 医学文献检索是医学研究的重要组成部分B. 医学文献检索可以帮助研究者了解研究领域的前沿动态C. 医学文献检索只需关注最新的研究成果，无需参考历史文献D. 医学文献检索应注重检索策略的制定和优化填空题医学博士在撰写论文时，应遵守学术道德，确保引用的文献________，避免抄袭和剽窃。

医学影像学中，________技术常用于诊断软组织病变和血管疾病。

在药物临床试验中，________是确保受试者权益和安全的重要措施之一。

医学研究中，________是评估治疗效果和疾病预后的常用指标。

病例对照研究的主要目的是________。

医学文献检索中，________是指根据研究目的和主题，选择合适的检索词和检索策略，以便快速准确地找到相关文献。

2024年全国医学博士英语考试真题及答案

2024年全国医学博士英语考试真题及答案2024 National Medical Doctorate English Exam Questions and AnswersPart 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions:The field of medicine is constantly evolving, with new advancements and discoveries being made every day. In order to stay current and provide the best possible care for their patients, medical professionals must continuously update their knowledge and skills.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The field of medicine is stagnant.B. Medical professionals do not need to update their knowledge.C. Advancements in medicine require continuous learning.D. Patient care is not important in medicine.Answer: C. Advancements in medicine require continuous learning.2. Why is it important for medical professionals to stay current in their field?A. To earn more money.B. To provide the best possible care for their patients.C. To show off their knowledge.D. To become famous.Answer: B. To provide the best possible care for their patients.Part 2: Listening ComprehensionListen to the following audio clip and answer the questions:1. What is the speaker talking about?A. The benefits of exercise.B. The importance of healthy eating.C. The dangers of smoking.D. The role of genetics in health.Answer: A. The benefits of exercise.2. According to the speaker, how often should people exercise?A. Once a week.B. Every day.C. Three times a week.D. Never.Answer: B. Every day.Part 3: WritingWrite an essay on the following topic:Discuss the impact of technology on the field of medicine.In recent years, technology has played a significant role in revolutionizing the field of medicine. From advanced imaging techniques to robotic surgeries, technology has had a profound impact on the way medical professionals diagnose and treat patients. In this essay, we will explore the various ways in which technology has transformed the field of medicine.One of the key benefits of technology in medicine is the ability to improve accuracy in diagnosis. For example, advanced imaging techniques such as MRI and CT scans allow doctors to see inside the body in ways that were not possible before. This has led to earlier detection of illnesses and more accurate diagnosis, which in turn has improved patient outcomes.Another way in which technology has impacted medicine is through the development of minimally invasive surgical procedures. Robotic surgeries, for example, allow for greater precision and control during surgery, leading to faster recovery times and reduced risk of complications. This has transformed the field of surgery, making procedures safer and more effective.In addition to improving diagnosis and treatment, technology has also revolutionized the way medical records are stored and shared. Electronic health records have made it easier for doctors to access patient information quickly and efficiently, leading to better coordination of care and improved patient outcomes.Overall, the impact of technology on the field of medicine has been overwhelmingly positive. From improved diagnosis and treatment to more efficient record-keeping, technology has revolutionized the way medical professionals provide care to their patients. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even greater innovations in the field of medicine in the years to come.Part 4: SpeakingIn this section, you will be asked a series of questions related to the field of medicine. Please answer each question clearly and concisely.1. What inspired you to pursue a career in medicine?2. How do you stay current with the latest advancements in the field of medicine?3. What do you think are the biggest challenges facing the healthcare industry today?4. How do you think technology will continue to impact the field of medicine in the future?Remember to speak clearly and confidently when answering the questions.That concludes the 2024 National Medical Doctorate English Exam. Good luck!。

全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案

2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。

2.试卷一（paper one）和试卷二（paper two）答案都做在标准答题卡上，书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。

3.试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。

4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整干净，以利评分。

5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。

Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between two speakers. At the end of each conversion, you will hear a question about what is said. The question willbe read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerADNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. She’s looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. She’s going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She hears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He’ll go to see Mr. White at 10:30 tomorrow.B. He’d like to make an earlier appointment.C. He’d like to cancel the appointment.D. He’d like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B.To work one more day as chairman.C.To think twice before he make the decision.D.To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn’t do anything in particular.B.She send a wounded person to the ER.C.She had to work in the ER.D.She went skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man’s mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B.It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C.It feels as if she is falling down.D.It feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B.John himself should be blamed.C.John has a dog that barks a lot.D.John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.The math homework is difficult.D.The math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B. His broken leg.C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B.Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C.Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D.Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles.14. A. Saturday morning. B. Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He’s lost his notebook.B.His handwriting is messy.C.He’ll miss class latter this week.D.He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an operation.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D.He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.He was suffering from influenza.D.He had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn’t be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B.The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C.The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D.The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080.D. More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B.Five-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 7-hour ones.C.Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D.Short-sleepers consumed fewer calories than long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B.Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C.Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D.Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B.She asks too many questions.C.She is always considerate of my feelings.D.She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor. B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student.D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.They usually wait and see.D.They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.They are psychologically dependent.D.Their brains are still immature in some areas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.Say no to your teen when necessary.D.Don’t care about your teen’s feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. streetlightD. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.A. suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can nolonger be satisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the property rights of the patent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligentD.intelligible38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the generalpublic.A. adaptB. confineC. commitD. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrase. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for theunderlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic42.It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43.He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honestyD. talent45.He left immediately on the pretext that he had to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. talent46.The nurse was filled with remorse of not believing her .A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48.Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49.The doctor ruled out Friday’s surgery for the patient’s unexpected complications.A. confirmedB. facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled50.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.A. cautiousB. motionlessC. calmD. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choice marked A, B, C and D listed on the right side. Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only61 pounds.A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman’s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposely C. particularly D. passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54. A. When B. While C. As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A. good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C. motion D. action60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it’s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,” he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardous——which they haven’t yet ——it would be sensible.”In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it’s hazardous,” he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children’s exposure would be greater. “There’s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so children’s heads are considerably closer,” he says.Stewart’s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Mich ael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that it’s difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm humantissue, according to the government report, does not mean that .A. the government should prohibit children from using cell-phonesB. we should put down the phone for the sake of safetyC. the industry can have a right to promote phone useD. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in termsof .A. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell-phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in the wayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UK .A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stesart’s planB. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones’ energy emissions65．Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passage?A . Brain Wave B. For Adults OnlyC. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the AirPassage TwoAdvances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile’s ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要人),voluptuous nudes, ormiddle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples(酒窝)of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the”Smiley Face”logo perfected(though not invented)in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R.Ball.In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to bi openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk(假笑)of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public.”Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile ,”and therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, boby piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’s beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These comer-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except” Have a nice day？”66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A . people would not have been as happy as they are todayB. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declinedC . there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile or not in the portraits orpictures is decided by .A. one’s internal sense of the external worldB . one’s identity or social positionC . one’s times of existenceD . All of the above68. Trumble’s study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB . the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB . further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70 . At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB . an identical smile for everybobyC . future changes in life styleD . the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian of microbiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler’s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s g enerally accepted that it was no good,” says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy(危险的) position as Hitler’s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.” And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?Wainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.“I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries,” says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons(阶层)of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.”“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life,” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler’s henchmen(死党)，Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving acar-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,” says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler .A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an jinjection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, H itler’s personal doctor .A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third Reich .A. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?B.Morrell Loyal to His German Primier?C.Hitler Saved by Allied Drugs?D.Penicillin Abused in German?Passage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on itsown, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. “The smart thing is that we’ve put them in one machine.”And it’s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn’t fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body’s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject’s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account ——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That’s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area——will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower——rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designed .A. to picture the body’s hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that .A. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential tospare?A. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C. A water tank.D. All of the above.79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner .A. quickens the pace of the patient’s rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is .A. take up a form of workout in the gymB. turn round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. sand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬) the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic(美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as “nerd”or “technocrats”, generalists are often criticized for being too “soft” or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的) accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵).81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see .A. the integration of theory with practiceB. the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge。

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2016年全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下载版-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all the legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: CSection B41. scrutinyA. sanctionB. restrictionC. censusD. examination Key: D42. potentA. inexpensiveB. powerfulC. conventionalD. lethal Key: B43. at odds withA. in tune withB. in favor ofC. for the sake ofD. in disagreement withKey: D44. eminentA. renownedB. notoriousC. popularD. mysteriousKey: A45. diversityA. sevrityB. reliablilityC. varietyD. specificityKey: C46. lapseA. errorB. sinC. guiltD. offenseKey: A47. jaundiceA. grievanceB. sympathyC. jealousyD. indignationKey: C48. to little availA. by no meansB. in vainC. of no accountD. at stakeKey: B49. lavishlyA. fearlesslyB. conspicuouslyC. wastefullyD. ferociously Key: C50. progressionA. deteriorationB. accumulationC. expansionD. promotion Key: APart III Cloze (10%)51. A. careful about B. capable of C. accessible to D. susceptible to Key: B52. A. in the event B. in an attempt C. at the moment D. along the wayKey: D53. A. exclusive B. very C. just D. exactKey: A54. A. indeed B. however C. moreover D. thereforeKey: B55. A. demonstration B. dimension C. destiny D. determinationKey: C56. A. has been said B. being said C. was said D. is saidKey: B57. A. more or less B. pretty much C. as ever D. if anyKey: B58. A. while B. despite C. nevertheless D. sinceKey: C59. A. case B. mold C. sense D. conditionKey: C60. A. different B. similar C. insufficient D. significantKey: DPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage,is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit. Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.”D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that__________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing作文的标题：The Cultivation and Development of General Practitioner。

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