英语 语法 with的复合结构

unit 2一、重点语法知识：1.with复合结构：构成:with+宾语+宾补常在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随等。

具体形式主要有(1)with+宾语+现在分词(主动或正在进行)(2)with+宾语+过去分词(被动或已经完成)(3)with+宾语+动词不定式(尚未发生)(4)with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语2. That/This/It is why+结果那/这就是为什么---eg. That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a specialtime of year.那就是为什么《圣诞老人的来信》对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中的特殊时刻的人来说可能是一本完美的书。

That/This/It is because+原因那/这是因为( because引导表语从句)The reason(why---) is that---(---的)原因是(why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句)3. must have done一定做了某事The children must have been very excited as they opened it孩子们打开它的时候一定很兴奋。

“情态动词+ have done结构：could have done 本能够做某事而未做may/might have done可能做过某事should have done本该做某事而未做shouldn' t have done本不该做某事却做了needn' t have done本没有必要做某事做了4.do/does/did+动词原形结构：用来强调谓语动词，该结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时，没有否定式和疑问式。

Do come on time.务必准时来。

with+复合宾语一、with的复合结构的构成所谓“with的复合结构”即是“with+复合宾语”也即“with +宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。

其中的宾语一般由名词充当(有时也可由代词充当)；而宾语补足语则是根据具体的需要由形容词，副词、介词短语，分词短语(包括现在分词和过去分词)及不定式短语充当。

下面结合例句就这一结构加以具体的说明。

1、with +宾语+形容词作宾补①He slept well with all the windows open.(82年高考题)上面句子中形容词open作with 的宾词all the windows的补足语，②It’s impolite to talk with your mouth full of food.形容词短语full of food作宾补。

Don't sleep with the window open in winter.2、with+宾语+副词作宾补with John away, we have got more room.He was lying in bed with all his clothes on.③Her baby is used to sleeping with the light on.句中的on是副词，作宾语the light的补足语。

④The boy can t play with his father in.句中的副词in作宾补。

3、with+宾语+介词短语。

we sat on the grass with our backs to the wall.his wife came down the stairs,with her baby in her arms.They stood with their arms round each other.With tears of joy in her eyes ,she saw her daughter married.⑤She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.句中介词短语on both sides作宾语red flowersandgreen grass的宾补，⑥There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.，介词短语in front of them 作宾补。

高中英语掌握with +复合结构1．with+ 复合结构的常见构成①with +宾语+动词不定式（动词不定式有“将来”的含义）With all these clothes to wash, I can’t go out to play.②with +宾语+动词-ing （宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）With winter coming, it is time to buy warm clothes.③with +宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）With all the work finished, I was allowed to watch TV.④with +宾语+形容词/副词With the window open, the boy had a good sleep.With Jack away, we have more room.⑤with +宾语+介词短语The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.2．with+复合结构的句法功能with+ 复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。

with+ 复合结构在句子中还可以作定语。

如：①We sat on the dry grass with our backs against the wall. （作伴随或方式状语）②She could not leave with her duty unfinished. （作原因状语）③The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes fixed on the wall. （作伴随状语）④He sat with his arms clasped around his knees. （作伴随或方式状语）⑤There was a letter for Jane with a French stamp on it.（作定语）[小试] 用with+复合结构完成下列句子。

with without 引导的独立主格结构介词with without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。

A．with+名词代词+形容词He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。

= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing 形式或-ed形式。

With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。

B．with+名词代词+副词Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。

= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。

= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C．with+名词代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。

浅谈“with”复合结构作者：陈锦来源：《新课程·中学》2011年第07期“with”复合结构主要有两大形式：即①with＋名词＋非谓语动（doing，to do，done ）这一结构是高考命题人常考的：主要在突破非谓语动词的用法。

②with＋名词/代词＋形容词/介词短语/副词/名词，这两大结构，其实它在英语句子中有两大作用——在句子中作状语和定语。

一、with复合结构的具体表现形式1.with＋名词/代词＋v-ing（这一结构在句中作状语表示主动的或正在进行的动作）：With the students cheering， professor wang came to the playground.（在学生的欢呼声中，王教授来到操场。

）2.with＋名词/代词＋p.p（表示被动或者一个已经完成了的动作)：The man came in with his hands tied.（那个人进来时手是绑着的。

）3.with＋名词/代词＋to do（表示一个将要发生的动作）：He hurriedtoleave withsomany things to dealwith.（他匆匆离开了，因为有好多事情要去处理。

）注意：这里非谓语动词该如何选择主要看with后面的名词或代词与其后动词的时间关系，若表被动或完成就用过去分词（如第二点），若表主动，或一个正在进行的动作，就用现分词（如第一点）。

若表示一个将要去完成的动作用不定式（如第三点）。

4.with＋名词/代词＋形容词：He stared at me with his mouth open.（他盯着我的时候嘴张着。

）5.with＋名词/代词＋介词短语：With the children in theriver，we can’tgo away.（孩子们在河里所以我们不能走远。

）6.with＋名词/代词＋副词：Theboystoodtherewithhisheaddown.（那个男孩子站着头朝下。

with的复合结构精华知识一. with复合结构的构成1. with+宾语+名词He died with his daughter yet a school girl. 他死的时候，他的女儿还是个学生。

2. with+宾语+形容词He used to sleep with all the windows open. 他过去常常开着窗子睡觉。

She lay in bed with her face pale. 她躺在床上，脸色苍白。

3. with+宾语+副词The girl fell asleep with the light on. 那位女孩睡着了，灯还亮着。

Her mother sat in an armchair with her head down. 她母亲坐在椅子上，头低着。

Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.4. with+宾语+不定式(不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)I can’t go out with these clothes to wash. 因为这些衣服要洗，我不能出去。

I had to go to bed with nothing to do. 我没有事可做，只好睡觉。

5. with+宾语+介词短语He sat near the fire with his back to the door. 他坐在炉子旁，背朝着房门。

The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 老师进来了，手里拿着本书。

He was asleep with his head on his arms.6. with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)With the machine helping us, we could finish the work on time. 由于有机器的帮助，我们能按时完成任务。

1. with+宾语+形容词。

比如:。

The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛. Don't talk with your mouth full。

嘴里有食物时不要讲话.2. with+宾语+副词。

比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。

What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。

比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed。

他眼睛半闭着听音乐. She sat with her head bent。

她低着头坐着。

4。

with+宾语+现在分词。

比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes。

冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning。

他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着. 5. with+宾语+介词短语。

比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms。

他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。

The young lady came in, with her two- year—old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。

6。

with+宾语+动词不定式。

比如：With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film。

下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。

Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash。

I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs Chen teaching me.有了陈老师的教导，我可以在考试中做的很好。

1.with的复合结构（1）形式：with+宾语+宾语补足语（注：宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，所以又叫with的复合结构）①with+宾语+现在分词（V-ing形式）e.g. With the machine(机器) helping us, we could finish the work on time.②with+宾语+过去分词（V-ed形式）e.g. With everything done, she went home.③with+宾语+不定式（to do sth形式）e.g. With a lot of work to do, senior high students must stay at the classroom after school.④with+宾语+adje.g. I like to sleep with the window open.⑤with+宾语+adve.g. Her mother sat in an armchair with her head down.⑥with+宾语+prep（介词）e.g. She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.（2）作用：with的复合结构经常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。

导学案P241.TFFFT2.CACB3.making/clearly/with/coming/on/of/organised/enjoys/excited/bored导学案P301.being punished/ repeating/ To avoid2.immediately/ immediately3.it/ saving/ being treated/ appreciation4.admitting/ cheating(having cheated)/ to be/ admission5.of/ in/ from/ resulted from6.She told us about some amusing things in her holiday.The monitor planned to organise an outdoor activity.They were always very strict with their children.You had better make sure how much the sofa is.Don’t be afraid to admit your mistakes.They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away.。