专业英语第四章

许多环境测定中包括对在不同体系或相同体系而不同条 件下（温度，时间，污染物浓度等）所得结果的对比， 所以有必要确定两个不同的数据是否实际上表示（它们） 只是在不同条件下测得的。


State of matter. In making an environmental analysis it is necessary to designate the physical form of the species being.

最后，我们应该认识到环境影响不可能全部会被一般 人的感知能力识别到，认识到这一点很重要，因此需 要采用高级化学或物理分析方法来测定。

In order to provide a meaningful description of the general field of environmental analysis, this field may be considered from three point of view: the basic concepts underlying the reasons for and choice of the analysis which are normally performed; the available techniques and methodology[ˌmɛθəˈdɑlədʒi] commonly used; and the current status of capabilities in environmental analysis.


In fact, the ability to obtain an authentic sample is probably one of the most difficult aspects of any environmental analysis due to the considerable complexity and heterogeneity of most environmental systems.

目录1、本细则编写依据2、专业工程特点3、监理工作的流程如下：4、监理工作的方法5、监理土建质量控制目标、控制要点及措施5.1 钢筋工程监理要点及措施5.2 模板工程监理要点及措施5.3 砼浇筑工程监理要点及措施5.4 大体积砼施工监理要点及措施5.5、深基坑支护监控要点5.6 地下室工程监理工程要点5.7 砌体工程监理要点及措施楼地面工程监理要点及措施5.8 建筑装饰装修工程监控要点5.8.1 材料5.8.2 施工5.8.3 抹灰工程5.8.4 吊顶工程5.8.5 轻质隔墙工程5.8.6 饰面板（砖）工程5.9 屋面工程监控要点土建工程监理实施细则1、本细则编写依据1.1工程建设方面的法律、法规1.1.1《中华人民共和国建筑法》1.1.2《建设工程质量管例条例》1.1.3《建设工程安全生产管理条例》1.1.4《中华人民共和国合同法》1.2 部分有关技术标准1.2.1.1《建设工程监理规范》GB/T50319-2013；1.2.1.2《建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准》GB50300-2001；1.2.1.3《建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范》GB50202-2002；1.2.1.4《建筑地面工程施工质量验收规范》GB50209-2002；；1.2.1.5《建筑装饰装修工程质量验收规范》GB50210-2001;1.2.1.6《砌体工程施工质量验收规范》GB50203-2002；1.2.1.7《钢筋焊接及验收规范》JGJ18-2003；1.2.1.8《混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范》GB50204-2002；1.2.1.9《屋面工程质量验收规范》GB50207-2002；2、专业工程特点1.1建筑层数：本建筑物地下室为两层，地上一栋为20层楼，为18层写字楼，裙房为2层。

1.2.建筑高度：为81.9m；1.3.结构特征：本工程是一个集商业、办公为一体的高层建筑,结构体系为钢筋混凝土框架－剪力墙核心筒基本是剪力墙。

Unit 4 Reading: Fluidized-bed Combustion of Coal第四单元阅读：硫化床煤燃烧Fluidized-bed combustion of coal has been investigated in apilot-plant combustion facility. 在实验工厂燃烧装置中已经开始研究煤的硫化床燃烧。

The test bed section has an internal diameter of 0.154 m and an overall height of 3.5 m.试验床是一个直径为0.154米整体高度为3.5米的区域。

Sand with an average particle diameter of 1421μm is used as inert bed material.用平均直径为1421微米的微小沙粒作为惰性床材料。

The inert bed is heated to a temperature of about 1000 K by two propane burners installed in the preheater and calming sections. 惰性床被安装在预热器和镇定两个部分的两个丙烷燃烧器加热到1000K的高温。

Experiments were conducted for coal-feed rates of 0.83 and l.09 g/s with corresponding bed temperatures of 1220+43 and 1259+34 K for superficial air velocities in the range 0.63～1.07m/s at ambient conditions. 相应床温度在1220+43和1259+34 K时，实验给出的给煤速率是0.83到1.09克每秒，此时环境条件下的表面空气速度在0.63到1.07米每秒之间。

H : O : H (each O atom share 2e) (each H atom share 1e)
Hale Waihona Puke 4.4 Redox reactions and Batteries
Electricity is produced by the movement of electrons. Since redox reactions involve electron transfer, they are capable of producing electricity. Once reaction that can be used for this purpose is the reaction of zinc with copper sulfate, CuSO4, solution. Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4 in which Zn loses electrons and Cu2+ gains electrons. By modifying the conditions under which this reaction occurs, we can use it to generate electricity. The complete apparatus to realize this is an electrochemical cell, which is known as a voltaic cell（伏打电池）.
From these rules it follows that the oxidation number of an element that forms an ion is the same as the charge of the ion. For instance, a potassium atom loses one electron to become a K+ ion and thus has an oxidation number of +1. The oxidation number of oxygen in oxide ion, O2-, is -2 because the O atom gains two electrons to form the ion. To assign oxidation numbers to elements involved in covalent compounds, we can look at their Lewis dot electron structures. For instance, we can see that the oxidation numbers of H and O in H2O are +1 and -2, respectively.