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Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade第1课中国的对外贸易China in the Market Place 市场经济中的中国一、（Excerpts）（摘录）Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas economic links巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The p attern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and East European countries in return for manufact ured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisation programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances. Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade对外贸易额contracted during 1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。
•Economic globalization 经济全球化•Economic Integration 经济一体化•Export/Import 进出口•Trade imbalance 贸易失衡、贸易差额•Trade deficit/surplus 贸易逆差/贸易顺差•Tariff 关税•GATT=general agreement on tariff & trade 关税总协定•WTO=world trade organization 世界贸易组织•CPI= Consumer Price Index居民价格消费指数•PPI=producer price index 生产者物价指数1.1•Release the report发布报告•signs of weakness 疲软• A decline in crude oil prices 原油价格的下跌•Narrow/broaden trade deficit 缩小/扩大贸易逆差•Jobless benefits increased 增长失业救济金•Job cuts 裁员•Trade deficit shrank（shrink）压缩贸易逆差•Trade gap with China 与中国的贸易差距•动词：1)shrink（收缩）2)decline, increase, jump, add, widen,3)slump(下跌)4)fall,5)slide（下滑）6)slacken(放慢)7)rise, collapse, peak at …, recover, shoot up, bottom up, drop,8)plunge(暴跌；骤降；突降)9)dive(突然下降，暴跌)10)plummet(垂直落下, 骤然跌落, 暴跌,速降)•与数量相联的介词：by, from, to•hit a 25-year high 创25年新高•to a record $50bn1.2•Protectionism/liberalism 保护主义/自由主义free trade•Director-general总干事•Reach an agreement 达成共识•WTO’s general council（委员会，理事会）•President-elect(当选）Barack Obama•Duty-free zones免税区•IMF=international monetary fund 国际货币基金组织•Eke out勉强维持•Deutsche Bank 德意志银行•表示预测的词：project, estimate, prognosticate, forecast•表示下降、减少的词：Contract, drop, constrict, decline, slow, slump, plunge, the downturn•The deteriorating economy（firm up, improve）恶化的经济•Fiscal stimulus programs财政刺激计划1.4•Prime minister总理，首相•Settle a dispute 处理争端；解决纠纷• A possible stopgap solution一种权宜的解决方法1.5•SOEs 国有企业•MNCs 跨国公司•PEs: (=individually-run enterprises) 私营企业•SMEs: Small and Medium Enterprises 中小企业•America-led invasion 以美国为首的国家侵略•Reach beyond超越1.6•Exports fell as a rapid deterioration in global economic conditions---dealt a heavy blow to the world’s second-largest economy•slash output挥砍; 鞭打; 割破;削减•clobber狠揍; (不停)猛打;彻底击败•snap使突然中断（或停止）•plummet垂直落下, 骤然跌落, 暴跌,速降重点词汇：•恶化：deteriorate; worsen; take a turn for the worse; exacerbate(恶化，加重）•改善：improve; ameliorate•ameliorate working conditions•敦促，催促：prompt, urge, press for•15th straight month连续15个月•National People's Congress (NPC) 全国人民代表大会•Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 中国人民政治协商会议•National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) 国家统计局Unit 2•GDP=gross domestic product 国内生产总值•GNP=gross national product 国民生产总值•NI=national income 国民收入•I，C，X-M，G•Recession 经济萧条•tax rebate 退税•Crisis=turmoil•Foreign exchange reserves 外汇储备•Budget deficit/surplus 预算赤字/盈余•The economic collapse 经济崩溃2.1•An annual rate of 1.9 percent 年平均增长率1.9%•subprime mortgage crisis次贷危机•Credit crunch信贷危机2.2•fizzle衰弱，失败& sizzle顺利，表现良好•Migrant laborer外来民工•Credit is tightening 收紧信贷•Undermine逐渐削弱，破坏•Impair损害，削弱，衰退，下降•Bankroll提供资金•Urbanize城市化•Reignite重振（经济）,重燃•Massive stimulus package大规模刺激经济方案•Push new infrastructure projects推行新基础设施项目•Purchase management index采购经理人指数•pick up steam如火如荼进行；日益受欢迎•Prop up支持，资助•Export-oriented factories 出口型工厂•Six consecutive quarters 连续6个季度•Nose dive急剧下降，一落千丈•Stall熄火，停止转动•tumble倒塌；坍塌;(价格或数量）暴跌，骤降•Shanghai Composite index•Hong Kong Hang seng Index•Shenzhen Component index•上海综合指数包括上海交易所的全部股票；深圳成份指数只包括深圳市场各行业有代表性的股票。
商务英语报刊选读董晓波课件商务英语报刊选读董晓波课件篇一：英语报刊选读第一期英语报刊选读121st century busCHINA is troubled by traffic jams, noise and air pollution. So it plans to test an elevated (高架的) “Super Bus”in Mentougou District, Beijing, in order to provide cleaner, greener and faster traffic in the cityIf it goes into service, the Super Bus would travel on rails and straddle (横跨) two lanes of traffic. It would be 4 to 4.5 meters high and have two levels: Cars would be able to drive underneath (在底下mall and medium-sized vehicles (车辆) less than 2 meters high would be able to drive through the Super Bus.To keep the risk of accidents down, an alarm (警报) would sound if an oversized vehicle attempted (试图) to pass through the bus. As to the inside, cars would be warned when the bus is about to make a turn. Radar scanners (雷达扫描设备) inside the bus would also warn cars if they were driving too close to the wheels of the bus.Electricity and solar (太阳的) energy would power the bus, which would travel at 40-50 km/h while carrying 1,200 to 1,400 passengers. According to the vehicle’s designer, Song Youzhou, theSuper Bus could replace about 40 normal buses, potentially (潜在地) saving 860 tons of fuel and preventing 2,640 tons of carbon emissions (碳排放).Song said the Super Bus could cut traffic by up to 30 percent on crowded roads, as it would not take up actual road space.The cost of one bus and 40 km Super Bus line is around 50 million yuan, which is about 10 percent of what it would cost to build an equivalent (相等的) subway, Song said.The first 6 km Super Bus line will be road-tested in Beijing’s Mentougou district by the end of this year. “From the second half of next year, we will test the bus with passengers on board,”Song said. If everything goes well, 180 km Super Bus lines including a line to Beijing International Airport will be built.Window on the world“世博之旅”趣事多。
