初中英语语法归纳(连词)
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连词考查要求:通过连词来考查对句子的整体理解是近几年中考的热点,如两个分句的逻辑关系、结合连词考查的状语从句、连词的具体意义等。
经常考查的重点连词有and,but,or,while,however及引导从句的连词if和whether;before和after等。
考点一:并列连词并列连词用于连接语法地位相同的单词,短语以及句子的连词。
一.并列连词主要分四类:1.表平行或承接关系的并列连词,并列连词连接的双方是对等的。
( and, both… and…, neither… nor…, not only … but also…, as well as …等)2.表转折关系的并列连词( but, yet, while, however等)3.表选择关系的并列连词( or, either… or…, not…but…)4.表因果关系的并列连词( for, so等)二.并列连词的几个注意点1. 主谓一致(1) both… and…连接主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;Both Lucy and Lily speak Chinese well.(2)either… or…, neither… nor…, not only … but also…连接主语时,遵循“就近原则”;(或者..或者) (既不...也不)(不但...而且)Either Tom or his friends have been to China.(3)as well as …连接主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(看前不看后)I as well as they am ready to help you.2. 不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词So 与because, but与although/though不同同时出现在句子中,只能二选一。
3. and 与or区别(1) and 用与肯定句,or 用与否定或疑问句(2) 否定句中,连接的两部分都有否定时,应用and.Jim has no sisters and no brothers.(3) 否定句中,without 后面的并列用and连接;肯定句中,without 后面的并列用or 连接Man can’t live without water and air. = Man will die without water or air.考点二:从属连词用来引导从句的连词。
初中英语语法大全:连词连词的定义:连词是连接字、短语、从句与句子的词,是虚词,因此它不能独立担任句子成分。
连词主要分为两大类:并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。
它包括:and,or,but,so,for,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also。
从属连词用来引导从句,它包括: that, when, till, until, after, before, since,because,if,whether,though,although,so…that,so that,in order that,as soon as并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。
常见的并列连词有:(1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
(2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。
(3)表转折关系的but, while等。
(4)表因果关系的for, so等。
1并列连词1 and:和,并且I like basketball, football and table-tennis.我喜欢篮球、足球和乒乓球。
1.基本用法and表示“和”、“而且”的意思,用来连接对等关系的字和字,片语与片语,句子与句子。
He got up and put on his hat.他站起来,戴上了帽子。
I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park.我去颐和园,他去北海公园。
注意单词或词组如果是三个以上连接,一般在最后的单词或词组前加and。
另外“and”在译成中文时不一定要翻译出“和”来。
2.特别用法:and在祈使句中的作用句型:祈使句,and…=If you…,you'll…Use your head,and you'll find a way.动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。
英语语法知识——连词连词是一种起连接作用的词。
连词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,只能起连接单词、短语或句子(包括从句与分句)的作用。
可分为并列连词与从属连词。
一、并列连词的用法1.并列连词and的用法and可以连接两个的词,多用于肯定句中。
连接两个句子,表示因果、对比、条件、假设、目的等。
例如:(连接两个动词如go, come等表示目的)去取Go andfetch something to eat.些吃的东西来。
andLily is fond of sports.Mary likes music玛丽喜欢音乐,莉莉爱好体育运动。
(对比)One more week and we’ll accomplish the task.再一星期,我们就完成任务。
(条件)的用法2.并列连词both…and,not only…but also, as well as①both…and意为:“不但…而且…;既…又…”,是并列连词,可以并列主语、宾语、表语、状语、谓语等成份。
并列主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
Spanish.The secretaryboth speaks and writes这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。
②not o nly…but also 意为:“不但...而且”,是并列连词,可以连接两个词,也可连接两个句子。
其中,but also 中的also可以省略。
not o nly…but also 可以连接句中所有的成份,连接并列主语时,其谓语动词根据就近原则,与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。
not o nly…but also 可以连接两个句子,not only 位于句首时, not only 后的句子要倒装。
Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不仅学生们津津有味地看着这部电影,而且他们的老师也是如此。
初中英语中常用的连词总结连词是连接句子、短语或单词的重要工具,可以使语言更加流畅,表达更加准确。
在初中英语学习中,我们常常使用各种各样的连词。
本文将总结一些常用的连词,帮助同学们更好地理解和运用它们。
1. 并列连词并列连词用于连接并列的词、短语或句子,常见的有"and"、"but"、"or"等。
"And"用于连接相似或相关的内容,表示并列关系。
例如:"I like reading books and playing sports."(我喜欢读书和运动。
)"But"用于连接对比或相反的内容,表示转折关系。
例如:"He is smart but lazy."(他很聪明但很懒。
)"Or"用于表示选择关系,表示两个或多个选项中的一个。
例如:"Do you want an apple or a banana?"(你想要一个苹果还是一个香蕉?)2. 递进连词递进连词用于表示递进关系,常见的有"besides"、"furthermore"、"in addition"等。
"Besides"用于表示除了某事物之外还有其他事物。
例如:"Besides studying, he also enjoys playing basketball."(除了学习,他还喜欢打篮球。
)"Furthermore"用于表示进一步的信息或观点。
例如:"He is not only intelligent but furthermore hardworking."(他不仅聪明,而且还很勤奋。
)"In addition"用于补充相关的信息。
高中英语语法连词一.概念连词是用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词.连词不作成分.二.相关知识点精讲1.表示并列关系的连词有:and, both…and…,not only… but also…和neither…nor…等1)and:和,并且A:基本用法:“and”表示“和”、“并且”的意思,用来连接对等关系的字和字,片语和片语,句子和句子。
I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis.The weather becomes colder and colder.B:特别用法:祁使句后连接and,有条件句作用,此时and=if you…,you’ll…Go straight on, and you’ll see the library.==If you go straight on, you will see the library.2)both…and…既…也…,(两者)都…A、both…and…构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Both Jim and Kate are from England.B、both…and…否定句表示部分否定。
You can’t speak both German and English.Both my father and my mother aren’t doctors.3)neither…nor…:既不…也不…neither…nor…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持“人称”和“数”的一致,即采取就近原则。
Neither I nor he has seen the play before.4)not only…but also…:不但…而且…no t only…but also…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。
Not only the mother but also the children are ill.2.表示转折关系的连词有:but, however, yet, still,while等。
初中英语语法大全归纳总结一、名词(Noun)1. 名词可分为可数名词(Countable Noun)和不可数名词(Uncountable Noun)。
可数名词有单数和复数形式;不可数名词没有复数形式。
2.可数名词的复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,需根据具体名词的变化规律进行记忆。
3. 名词还可以是单数形式,但表示复数的意义,如:news、knowledge等。
二、代词(Pronoun)1.代词用于代替名词,减少重复性表达。
2. 人称代词包括主格代词(Subject Pronoun)和宾格代词(Object Pronoun)。
3. 物主代词包括形容词性物主代词(Possessive Adjective)和名词性物主代词(Possessive Pronoun)。
4. 反身代词(Reflexive Pronoun)用于表示主语和宾语是同一人或事物。
5. 不定代词(Indefinite Pronoun)指代一个概括的人或物,如:someone、something等。
三、动词(Verb)1. 动词表示行动、存在或状态,分为及物动词(Transitive Verb)和不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)。
2. 动词的形式变化包括一般现在时(Simple Present)、一般过去时(Simple Past)、现在进行时(Present Continuous)、一般将来时(Simple Future)等。
3.动词的时态变化需掌握时态动词的构成规律和具体用法。
四、形容词(Adjective)和副词(Adverb)1.形容词用于修饰名词,描述名词的性质或状态;副词用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式变化有规律变化和不规则变化两种情况。
五、介词(Preposition)1. 介词用于表示名词或代词与其他单词之间的关系,如:in、on、at等。
2. 介词短语(Prepositional Phrase)是介词加上宾语构成的短语结构。
初中英语语法大全之连接词辨析连接词辨析(1) because、as、since、for的用法:because(因为)表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面;另外,回答why的问句只能用because. as(因为)表示一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。
since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。
for(因为)是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。
如:He is not at school today because he is seriously ill.(他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害)/ As all of you have got here, now, lets go to the zoo.(既然大伙儿都到了我们就去动物园吧)/ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy.(既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去吧)/ We must be off now for the match starts at 7:00.(我们得走了因为比赛在七点开始)(2)if、whether的区别:表示是否时,if和whether同义,引导宾语从句,另外,whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句;而if还可以表示如果,引导条件状语从句,(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。
如:I dont know if/whether he will arrive on time.(我不知道他是不是会按时到达)/ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.(如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的)[注意]下列情况只能用whether不能用if:①引导主语从句,②引导表语从句,③引导从句作介词宾语,④引导不定式短语,⑤引导让步状语从句,⑥在动词discuss之后,⑦在wonder / not sure之后,⑧在if 与whether含义易混时。
连词一、并列连词:(一)连词的概念:连词是一种虚词,不能担任一个句子成分。
连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。
它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。
She’ll be back either this week or next week.她将在这周或下周回来。
I went and she went also. 我去了,她也去了。
(三)并列连词的用法:1、并列连词and和or:①and和or 是用得最多的并列连词,可以连接:a. 两个并列的动词:We were singing and dancing all evening. 整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。
b. 名词、形容词等:This apple is big and red. Would you like fish or beef?c. 两个并列的分句(句子):I said it and I meant it. 我说话算数。
②and 可连接两个分句,表示递进关系。
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。
③or可连接分句,表示“否则”:Don’t drive so fast or you’ll have an accident.别开这么快,不然你会出车祸。
2、表示意思转折的连词:but, yet:①but和yet的用法:The weather will be sunny but cold. 天气会晴朗但很冷。
It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪,却是真的。
②however, still 等为副词,但可起连接作用,表示意思的转折---“但是”或“然而”。
a. however: His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.他的第一反应是不行,但后来他改变了主意。
b. still: It’s raining; still I’d like to go.天在下雨,但我还是要去。
初中英语语法归纳:连词初中英语学习最难的是语法,因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。
初中英语连词有很多种。
下面为大家讲解一下初中英语连词的用法。
连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。
第一类表示并列关系的连词并列连词:并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。
1)and 和判断改错:(错)They sat dow n and talk about someth ing.(错)They started to dance and sang.(错)I saw two men sitt ing beh ind and whisper there.(对)They sat dow n and talked about someth ing.(对)They started to dance and sing.(对)1 saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析:第一句:and连接两个并列的谓语,所以talk 应改为talked 。
第二句:and连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,因此sang应改为si ng 。
第三句:and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此whisper 应改为whispering 。
注意:1. and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。
(or也有此用法)Make up your mind, and you'll get the cha nee.=If you make up your mind, you'll get the cha nee.One more effort, and you'll succeed.=If you make one more effort, you'll succeed2, A and B 当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数,当and连接的单数名词前分别有each,every,many等词修饰时,谓语也用单数。
bread and butter a knife and forkThe mother and teacher is very strict with her son.No teacher and no stude nt is allowed to smoke in class.3. and连接的是两个相同意思的词,表示“渐渐”,或加强语气Read it aga in and aga in2) both…and 两者都She plays (both) the pia no and the guitar.3) neither…nor意思为”既不........ 也不 ... "谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.4) not only …but (also) 不但.............. 而且 ..........She plays not only the pia no, but (also) the guitar.注意:not only…but also关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。
Not only does he like readi ng stories, but also he can even write some.5) as well as 以及,也,与• ••同样The teacher, as well as the stude nts, is in terested in the activity.比较and和or1) 并列结构中,or通常用于否定句,and用于肯定句。
2) 但有时and也可用于否定句。
请注意其不同特点:There is no air or water in the moon.There is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列结构用or连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用and。
第二类表示选择关系的连词1) or 意思为”或则"。
Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice2) either…or 意思为”或者.......... 或者 .... ”。
注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either you or I am right.3) or else/ otherwise 否则Be sile nt, or else you will be kicked out.I am tired, otherwise, I would play.第三类表示转折或对比关系的连词1) but 但是He is rich but un happy.while 然而,表示对比意味Some people love cats, while others hate them.yet 然而She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.however 然而,可是,不过She does not like him, however, I like him.2) not…but… 意思为”不是 ....... 而是 ... "not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an ani mal, but (the bon es) of a huma n being.第四类表因果关系的连词1) for 因为,做并列连词使用时,是在对先行的句子补述原因或者理由,只可以连接句子与句子,通常不置于句首。
He is abse nt today, for he is ill.2) so, therefore 因此He hurt his leg, so he could n't play in the game.I thi nk, therefore I am3) then 那么,因而Hide behind the wall, then they won ' t see you.注意:a. 两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore, then, yet. 可以和并列连词连用。
You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he could n't play in the game.b. although …yet …,但although 不与but 连用。
(错) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..(对) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.从属连词从属连词不同与并列连词,只能用来引导从句,而不能引导词或者词组。
从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。
第一类引导名词性从句的从属连词1) that 引导宾语从句或间接引语时,可省略。
引导主语从句时不可以省略。
He said (that) he would come. 宾语从句His mother told me (that) he is a good boy. 间接引语That she is still alive is true. 主语从句2) if/whether 是否I won der if he is at home.I ask him whether he would come.注意:只可以用whether的情况介词后面It will depend on whether it rains tomorrow.whether ••• or not 固定搭酉己Let me know whether you come or not.动词不定式前I don ' t know whether to a ccept his advice.第二类引导状语从句的从属连词1)连接时间状语从句的从属连词before 在——•之前The war had bee n over before he came to China.after 在・••之后He came to China after the war was over.si nee 自从I have lived in this city si nee I was born.whe n/while 当••• The teache r en tered the classroom, whe n all the stude ntswere playi ngWhen I came into this room, I found him lyi ng bed asleep (while 后接的动词是延续性的动词)as 当••• I saw her as I was getting on the bus.till/until 直至U I didn ' t go to sleep until/till I finished my homewo rk.as soon as ••就••• As soon as he saw the policeman, the thief run away.2)连接地点状语从句的从属连词where 在哪里There were lots of parks where I lived.3)连接原因状语从句的从属连词because原因,用于解释某事的原因,动机,强调直接原因和因果关系I do it because I like it.for表因为,表间接的原因,用于说明,解释I soon went to sleep, for I was tiredsince 表原因,比because弱,比as强,表一种已知的,显然的理由,常译为"既然as 表原因时,意义最弱As you are in poor health, you should do more exercises4)连接结果状语从句的从属连词so ••• that ••• 女口此• ••以至于•••He is so kind that everybody likeshim.such ••• that ••• He is such a kind man that everybody likes him5)连接目的状语从句的从属连词that / so that /in order that 为了Speak clearly that/so that/ in order that they may un dersta nd you.6)连接条件状语从句的从属连词if 女口果If it rains tomorrow, we won ' t go on a picnic. uni ess 除非(女口果不)He will come uni ess it rains.in case 万一You may call this number in case I am not at home7)连接比较状语从句的从属连词than 比It ' s easier than I thought.as/so ••• as •□• ••一样She is as tall as you.He is not as/so tall as his wife.8)连接方式状语从句的从属连词as 按照Do as I told you.Take things as they are.as if / though 仿佛He behaves as if/though he was a child.9)引导让步状语从句的从属连词although/though 尽管Although Japan is small, the population is big. even if 即便Even if it was snowing heavily, we went on running.。