英语写作 笔记缩写

(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket[使...上升], soar, appreciation[增值], promote[促进], upwards）↓下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation[贬值], reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为… （export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）←回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café ← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)—减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a ri-val, a competitor)等意思。

雅思写作常用的缩写有哪些在雅思写作考试中，我们可以通过一些简写的方式来避免错误的出现。

很多考生对于全称可能没有特别大的把握，这个时候我们就可以通过简称来表达自己想要说的内容。

接下来小编为大家总结了一些在雅思写作中比较常见的一些缩写形式，一起来了解一下。

雅思写作常用的缩写有哪些雅思写作可以用缩写吗如下：缩写形式在非正式文章、书目提要、个人笔记及私人购货单中频繁出现.缩写是一种非正规的拼写形式，不宜在作文中广泛应用。

个人笔记或购货单中的“10 lbs flour"，在作文中应写出它的全称‘ten pounds of flour"。

再如书目提要中的“ALD”在文章中应将其全名写出“Oxfond Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English".但有些缩略语例外，它们常在文章中使用。

雅思写作可以用缩写吗?这些缩略语大体有以下几类，1)某些称呼语某些表示先生、太太、女士等称呼语常用缩写形式如，Mr,Smith 史密斯先生，Mrs.Jones琼斯夫人，Ms.Jacob雅各布女士，Dr.Ding T博士，St.John圣约翰。

其它的表示头衔的称呼语多写出其全称。

如,Pre-sident Reagan里根总统，Professor Wang汪教授，Senator Smith史密斯参议员，Dean Li。

刘主任，Chairman Li李主席等。

2)某些放在名字后面，表示学位和庭地位的用语某些表示学位和庭地位的用语放在具体的名字后时，常用缩略形式。

如，Howard Rubin,Ph.D,哲学博士粗华德·督宾声mith Hall,M.D,医学博士史密斯.霍尔，Robert Nissen，D,D,S.(Doctor of Dental Surgery)H腔外科博士罗伯特·尼森，John Amith,M.A.文学硕士约翰·史密斯;T omas Johnson,B,A.文学学士托马斯·约翰赴sHenry Ford,Jr(Junior)小亨利.福特。

一、常用符号（一）数学符号+表示“加上”、“另外”、“除此之外”or “多”（plus, and, in addition to 或者many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.）++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more+3 表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“减去”or “缺乏/少”（minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of etc或者little, few）×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念（wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.）√表示“对的”、“好的”、“积极的”（correct, good, positive, affirmative）> 表示“多于”或者“超过”（bigger/larger/greate r/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.）< 表示“少于”或者“不如”、“逊色”（less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.）≥表示“大于或等于”、“不少于”（more than or equal to, no less than）≤表示“小于或等于”、“不多于”（less than or equal to, no more than）= 表示“同等”、“相当于”(means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.)也表示“对手”概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)≠表示“不同”概念(be different from, etc. )表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)≈表示“大约”概念(about/around，approximately, or so，etc.) Є表示“属于”（belong to）( ) 表示“在......之间”(among, within, etc. )( 和)都可以表示并列/ 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念(cross out, eliminate, etc.)∵“由于”、“因为”、“幸亏”（because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to）∴“所以”、“因此”、“结果是”（so, therefore, as a result, consequently）⊥表示“在……基础上”（based on）,或者“影响”、“效果”、“压力”“负担”（influence, effect,impact, pressure, stress, burden, load）E 数学符号表示总值（total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. ）（二）标点符号: 表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc.表示“问题”或“疑问”：question，issue，doubt例如：台湾问题：tw? 也可表示“问”（ask）·(dot) 这个“·”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“·d”表示yesterday, “·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two months ago。

一、缩写词：Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.1．Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is usedagain. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against= therefore= = is or equal2. Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of theword, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviatedword by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples: decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <---> resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than >especially esp.（编辑：）参考/waiyu/2008/1208/a rticle_75680.html一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

一、口译笔记的符号系统和缩略语语言是一个符号系统（包括文字符号）。

用各种符号作记录，概括性强、重点突出、一目了然。

学习一些常规口译笔记中经常使用的符号与缩写词是很有好处的。

在此基础上，每个人也可以形成一套自己常用的、熟悉的、有效的笔记系统。

下面归纳几种相对固定的符号和简写形式，供大家在练习和实践中参考。

（一）箭头“→”表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to, etc. 导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.“←”表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc. 追溯到：come/go back to，originate in, etc.“↑”表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc. 发射、起飞、升空：launch，ascend, skyrocket, etc.发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc.“↓”表示向下、下降：down/downward/drop, decrease, jump, etc. 减少、恶化：reduce, deteriorate, go down, etc.（二) 数学符号“+”表示和、还有、另外、加上、多：and, in addition to, furthermore, many, lots of, etc.“－”表示减少、除去、少：minus, lack, in short of, little, few, etc.“×”表示错误、没有、反对、冲突：wrong, something bad, negative, conflict, confrontation, etc.“＞”表示大于、超过、多于：greater, larger or more than, better than, surpass, more and more, etc.“<”表示小于、不如、次于、比不上：smaller than, fewer/less than, worse than, inferior to, etc.“=”表示等于、相当于、一样：the same as，that is to say， in other words，be equal to, etc. 对手：match/rival/competitor, counterpart.“≠”表示不等于、不同：not equal to, be different from, etc.“≈”表示大约、左右：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.“∵”表示由于、因为：because, as, due to, thanks to, owing to, etc.“∴”表示所以、因此、因而、结果：so, therefore, as a result, consequently, etc.（三) 标点符号“：”表示说：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. 意见、观点、主意：opinion, idea, viewpoint, etc.“?”表示问题：question，issue，problem, etc.“．”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样：“．d”表示yesterday，“．y"表示last year，“．2m”表示two months ago，“y”表示this year，“y2．”表示 two years later/in two years，“next week”，可以表示为“wk．”“（）”表示在……之间：among, within, etc.（四) 其它符号“√”表示好：right/good，famous/well-known，etc. 同意：stand up for，support， agree with somebody, certain/ affirmative, etc.“& ”表示和、与：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.“☆”表示重要的、杰出的、优秀的、榜样：important， best，outstanding，brilliant，model, etc.“∥”表示结束：end，stop，halt，bring something to a standstill/stop, etc.“°”表示人、者：person, people, 如经济学家可以表示为“经°”，中国人可以表示为“中°”，etc.“⊙”表示会议、讨论、谈判：meeting, seminar, discussion, negotiation, etc.“♂”表示男人：man, male, boy, etc.“♀”表示女人：woman, female, girl, etc.“□”表示国家：country, state, nation, etc.“△”表示代表：represent, on behalf of, etc.“∽”表示交流、交换、替代、相互：exchange, mutual, each other, communication, replace, etc.（五) 缩略词英语缩写词的写法一般有以下几种：●拿掉所有元音。

一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：1.拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive2.保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3.保留开头和结尾的发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4.根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS Address二、字母、图像Z 表示“人” people/person，因为Z 看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。

例如：日本人：JZ。

C 表示政府，统治：government，govern，希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。

governmental official 可以表示为CZ。

P 表示政治：politics, political，希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。

那么politician 就可以表示为PZ。

E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E在数学符号中表示总值。

G 表示效率：efficient, effective。

G为效率符号。

Q 表示“通货膨胀”：inflation，因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：1.拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive2.保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3.保留开头和结尾的发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4.根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS Address二、字母、图像Z 表示“人” people/person，因为Z 看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。

例如：日本人：JZ。

C 表示政府，统治：government，govern，希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。

governmental official 可以表示为CZ。

P 表示政治：politics, political，希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。

那么politician 就可以表示为PZ。

E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E在数学符号中表示总值。

G 表示效率：efficient, effective。

G为效率符号。

Q 表示“通货膨胀”：inflation，因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

托福听力：笔记常用缩写【托福听力：笔记常用缩写】一、字母、图像A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture，经常用到，所以用首字母代替。

B 表示商业：business。

C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation，“C×”中的“×”表示反对。

C 表示政府，统治：government，govern，希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。

governmental official 可以表示为 CZ。

E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E在数学符号中表示总值。

P 表示政治：politics, political，希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。

那么politician就可以表示为 PZ。

G 表示效率：efficient, effective。

G为效率符号。

Q 表示“通货膨胀”：inflation，因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。

它是work的第一个字母。

所以WZ 就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。

i 表示工业: industry, industrial，字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。

U U酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。

如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral(双边的)，填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。

在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义)，填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。

笔记常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑ 上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation,promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→ 出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为… （export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）← 回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café ← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外；另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）＞＞大大超过(much greater than, much more than)< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）＜＜远远少于(much less than)= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a rival, a competitor)等意思。

口译笔记符号、英文缩写一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN Situation STD StandardTEL Telephone TEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。

笔记速记符号总归纳[1] Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2] 关于缩略词[3] 关于字母和图像[4] 用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来表示一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT Department DISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) Important INCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT Market MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS Observe OBT ObtainORD Ordinary PAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV Receive REF Reference REGL Regular REP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、字母、图像Z 表示“人”peo ple/person，因为“Z”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。

英文缩写400个（书信必备）英文缩写400个数字：2 = to/too2B or not 2B = To be or not to be4 = for4ever = foreverA：ASL = Age/Sex/LocationAFAIC = As Far As I’m ConcernedAFAIK = As Far As I KnowAFK = Away From KeyboardAIAMU = And I’m A Monkey’s UncleAISI = As I See ItAKA = Also Known AsAMBW = All My Best WishesANFAWFOWS = And Now For A Word Word From Our Web SponsorAOTS = All Of The SuddenASAFP = As Soon As "Friggin" PossibleASAP = As Soon As PossibleATST = At The Same TimeAWGTHTGTTA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This AgainAWGTHTGTTSA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Sh AgainAYSOS = Are You Stupid Or Something B：B4 = BeforeB4N = Bye For NowBBFBBM = Body By Fisher, Brains by Mattel BBIAB = Be Back In A BitBBIAF = Be Back In A FewBBL = Be Back LaterBBN = Bye Bye NowBCNU = Be Seein’ YouBF = BoyfriendBFD = Big Fing DealBFN = Bye For NowBHOF = Bald Headed Old FartBIF = Basis In FactBITD = Back In The DayBiz = BusinessBM = Byte MeBMOTA = Byte Me On The AssBNF = Big Name FanBOHICA = Bend Over Here It Comes Again BR = BathroomBRB = Be Right BackBRT = Be Right ThereBS = Big SmileBT = Byte ThisBTDT = Been There Done ThatBTSOOM = Beats The Sh Out Of MeBTW = By The WayBTWBO = Be There With Bells OnBWDIK = But What Do I Know?BWO = Black, White or OtherC：Cam = Web CameraCIAO = Goodbye (in Italian)CID = Consider It DoneCIO = Check It OutCIS = CompuServe Information ServiceCMF = Count My FingersCof$ = Church of ScientologyCRAFT = Can’t Remember A Fing Thing CRAWS = Can’t Remember Anything Worth A Sh CSL = Can’t Stop LaughingCTC = Choaking The ChickenCU = See YouCUL/CYL/CUL8R = See You LaterCWYL = Chat With You LaterCYA = Cover Your AssD：DBEYR = Don’t Believe Everything You ReadDD = Due DiligenceDDD = Direct Distance DialDETI = Don’t Even Think ItDGT = Don’t Go ThereDHYB = Don’t Hold Your BreathDIIK = Damned If I KnownDILLIGAD = Do I Look Like I Give A d\amn DILLIGAS = Do I Look Like I Give A ShDKDC = Don’t Know Don’t CareDL = DownloadDLTM = Don’t Lie To MeDQYDJ = Don’t Quit You’re Day JobDRIB = Don’t R ead If BusyDS = Dunce SmileyDYSTSOTT = Did You See The Size Of That Thing E：EG = Evil GrinEOM = End Of MessageESO = Equipment Smarter than OperatorF：F2F/FTF = Face To FaceFAQ = Frequently Asked QuestionFBKS = Failure Between Keyboard and SeatFE = For Example/Fatal ErrorFF&PN = Fresh Fields And Pastures NewFOAF = Friend Of A FriendFTASB = Faster Than A Speeding BulletFT = FaintFTL = Faster Than LightFTTB = For The Time BeingFUBAR = Fed Up Beyond All RecognitionFUBB = Fed Up Beyond BeliefFUD = (Spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and DisinformationFWIW = For What It’s WorthFYA = For Your AmusementFYI = For Your InformationFYM = For Your MisinformationG：G2G = Got To GoG8T/GR8 = GreatGAL = Get A LifeGDGD = Good,GoodGF = girlfriendGG = Good Game/Gotta GoGIGO = Garbage In, Garbage Out GIWIST = Gee, I Wish I’d Said ThatGL = Good LuckGLYASDI = God Loves You And So Do I GMTA = Great Minds Think Alike GNBLFY = Got Nothing But Love For You GR&D = Grinning Running And Ducking GRRRR = "Growling"GSOAS = Go Sit On A SnakeGTG = Got To GoGTGB = Got To Go, ByeGTGP = Got To Go PeeGTH = Go To HellGTSY = Glad To See YaGYPO = Get Your Pants OffBE A QUEEN. H：HAGO = Have A Good OneHAK = Hugs And KissesHB = Hurry BackHD = HoldHHO1/2K = Ha Ha, Only Half Kidding HHOK = Ha Ha, Only KiddingHIOOC = Help! I’m Out Of Coffee Howz = How isHTH = Hope This (That) HelpsHUA = Heads Up AceHUYA = Head Up You’re aI：IAC = In Any CaseIAE = In Any EventIANAC = I Am Not A CrookIANAL = I Am Not A LawyerIBT = In Between TechnologyIBTD = I Beg To DifferIC = I See/In CharacterIDGAF = I Don’t Give A FIDGI = I Don’t Get ItIDK = I Don’t KnowIDKY = I Don’t Know YouIDST = I Didn’t Say ThatIDTS = I Don’t Think SoIFAB = I Found A BugIFU = I Fed UpIGGP = I Gotta Go PeeIIIO = Intel Inside, Idiot OutsideIIMAD = If It Makes An(y) DifferenceIIRC = If I Remember CorrectlyIIWM = If It Were MeILICISCOMK = I Laughed, I Cried, I Spat/Spilt Coffee/Crumbs/Coke On My KeyboardILY = I Love YouIMHO = In My Humble OpinionIMNSHO = In My Not So Humble Opinion IMO = In My OpinionINMP = It’s Not My ProblemINPO = In No Particular OrderIOH = I’m Outta HereIOW = In Other WordsIRL = In Real LifeISS = I Said SoITM = In The MoneyIYKWIM = If You Know What I MeanIYSS = If You Say SoJ：J/C = Just CheckingJ/K = Just Kidding!J/W = Just WonderingJAFO = Just Another Fing OnlookerK：K/KK = OK/OK, OKKFY = Kiss For YouKISS = Keep It Simple StupidKIT = Keep In TouchKMA = Kiss My AssKWIM = Know What I MeanKX = kissKYPO = Keep Your Pants OnL：L8R = LaterLD = Long DistanceLDTTWA = Let’s Do The Time Warp Again LLTA = Lots And Lots Of Thunderous Applause LMAO = Laughing My Ass OffLMK = Let Me KnowLOL = Laughing Out Loud/Lots Of Luck(Love) LTIC = Laughing ’Til I CryLTNS = Long Time No SeeLYL = Love Ya LotsLYLAS = Love You Like A SisterM：M8T = MateMHOTY = My Hat’s Off To YouMM = Market MakerMorF = Male or Female?MOTD = Message Of The DayMOTSS = Members Of The Same Sex MTFBWY = May The Force Be With You MWBRL = More Will Be Revealed LaterMYOB = Mind Your Own BusinessN：N = And/Know/NowNAK = Nursing At KeyboardNAZ = Name, Address, Zip (also means Nasdaq) NBD = No Big DealNBIF = No Basis In FactNFI = No Fing IdeaNFW = No Fing WayNIFOC = Nude In Front Of The ComputerNM = Never MindNMP = Not My ProblemNMU = Nothing Much YouNOYB = None Of Your BusinessNP = No ProblemNQOCD = Not Quite Our Class DearNRG = EnergyNRN = No Reply NecessaryNYCFS = New York City Finger SaluetO：OAUS = On An Unrelated SubjectOBTW = Oh, By The WayOIC = Oh, I SeeOICU = Oh, I See YouOMDB = Over My Dead BodyOMG = Oh My God/Oh My GoshOMIK = Open Mouth, Insert Keyboard ONNA = Oh No, Not AgainOOC = Out Of CharacterOOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The Blue OT = Off TopicOTOH = On The Other HandOWTTE = Or Words To That EffectOZ = stands for "Australia"P：PEBCAK = Problem Exists Between Chair And KeyboardPEM = Privacy Enhanced MailPic = PicturePIMP = Peeing In My PantsPITA = Pain In The AssPLS/PLZ = PleasePMFJI = Pardon Me For Jumping InPO = Piss OffPOS = Parents Over ShoulderPOV = Point Of ViewPPL = PeoplePro = ProfessionalPS = By The Way/PhotoshopT：TAH = Take A HikeTANSTAAFL = There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free LunchTARFU = Things Are Really Fed UpTDTM = Talk Dirty To MeTEOTWAWKI = The End Of The World As We Know It TFN = Thanks For Nothin’THX/TX/THKS = ThanksTIA = Thanks In AdvanceTIAIL = Think I Am In LoveTIC = Tongue In CheekTLA = Three Letter AcronymTLGO = The List Goes OnTM = Trust MeTMI = Too Much InformationTMTOWTDI = There’s More Than One Way To Do It TPTB = The Powers That BeTSR = Totally Stuck in RAMTTFN = Ta Ta For NowTTT = That’s The Ticket/To The TopTTUL/TTYL = Talk To You LaterTWHAB = This Won’t Hurt A BitTY = Thank YouTYVM = Thank You Very MuchU：U = YouUR = YourU R = You areunPC = unPolitically CorrectURYY4M = You Are Too Wise For Me V：VFM = Values For MoneyVG = Very GoodW：WAG = Wild Ass GuessWAI = What An IdiotWB = Welcome BackWCA = Who Cares AnywayWDYS = What Did You Say?WDYT = What Do You Think?WE = WhateverWEG = Wicked Evil GrinWG = Wicked GrinWGAFF = Who Gives A Flying FWIIFM = What’s In It For Me?WIT = Wordsmith In Training WITFITS = What in the F is this Sh WOG = Wise Old GuyWot/Wut = WhatWRT = With Respect To/With Regard To WTF = What The FWTG = Way To Go!WTSDS = Where The Sun Don’t Shine WYMM = Will You Marry MeWYP = What’s Your Problem?WYRN = What’s Your Real Name?WYS = Whatever You SayWYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get WYT = Whatever You ThinkX：X U = Kiss YouY：Y = WhyYa = YouYA = Yet AnotherYAFIYGI = You Asked For It You Got It YDKM = You Don’t Know MeYep/Yup = YesYGBK = You Gotta Be Kiddin’YMMV = Your Mileage May VaryYNK = You Never KnowYOYO = You’re On Your OwnYR = Yeah, RightYSYD = Yeah, Sure You DoYTTT = You Telling The Truth?YYSSW = Yeah Yeah Sure Sure Whatever。

英语作文缩写的方法和技巧When it comes to abbreviating English essays, there are a few key techniques and tips to keep in mind. Let's dive into them in a casual, conversational style.Firstly, identify the key points. Don't try to squeezein every detail; focus on the most important aspects of the essay. This way, you can ensure that the shortened version still captures the essence of the original.Secondly, use concise language. Avoid long, complex sentences and stick to short, snappy phrases. This makesthe text easier to read and understand, especially whenyou're dealing with a shorter version.Thirdly, don't be afraid to cut out unnecessary details. Sometimes, less is more. By eliminating redundant information, you can create a more focused and impactful essay.Another tip is to use active voice instead of passive. Active voice makes your writing more direct and engaging. For example, say "The study found that..." instead of "It was found by the study that..."Lastly, don't forget to proofread your shortened essay. Check for grammar errors, spelling mistakes, and consistency in tone and style. A polished final draft will make a good impression on your reader.Remember, abbreviating essays isn't about sacrificing quality for brevity. It's about finding the perfect balance between the two. With these tips in.。

When it comes to writing in English, the use of contractions can make sentences more natural and fluent. However, not all contractions are appropriate in every context, especially in formal writing. Heres a guide to the rules and common contractions in English:1. Subject Contractions: These are formed by combining the subject pronoun with the verb to be or an auxiliary verb.I am ImHe is HesShe has Shes Note: Shes can also mean She is, so context is important2. Object Contractions: These involve the object pronoun and a form of the verb to be.It is ItsThey are Theyre3. Negative Contractions: The word not is contracted with an auxiliary verb to form a negative.am not arent first person singularis not isnt third person singularare not arent second person and plural4. Modal Verb Contractions: Modal verbs can also be contracted with not. can not cantshould not shouldnt5. Will and Would Contractions: These are used to express futureintentions or hypothetical situations.will not wontwould not wouldnt6. There and Here Contractions: These are often used in informal speech. there is thereshere is heres7. And and But Contractions: These are less common but can be found in informal writing.and n as in Im n youre outbut t as in Its t possible8. Do, Does, and Did Contractions: Used with the subject to form questions or negative statements.do not dontdoes not doesntdid not didnt9. Lets and Us: A special case where let us is contracted to lets.let us lets10. Pronoun Be Contractions: These are common in informal speech.he is hesshe is shesit is itsWhen to Use Contractions:Contractions are generally more acceptable in informal writing and speech. They can make your writing sound more conversational and less stiff.In formal writing, especially in academic or professional contexts, its often better to avoid contractions.When to Avoid Contractions:In formal writing, such as academic papers, business documents, and formal letters.When clarity is crucial, and the contraction might lead to ambiguity.In titles and headings, contractions are usually avoided for consistency and formality.Examples:Informal: Ive been studying English for three years now.Formal: I have been studying English for three years now.Remember, the key to using contractions effectively is to consider your audience and the context in which youre writing. Use them to add a touch of informality and conversational tone when appropriate, but maintain clarity and formality when necessary.。

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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!First, when abbreviating an English composition, lookfor the key words and ideas. Just focus on the important stuff. Don't worry about every little detail. Another thing is to keep it simple. Use short and clear expressions. And don't be afraid to cut out unnecessary words. Also, it's good to know some common abbreviations. Like "etc." for "and so on". And "i.e." for "that is". But don't overdo itor it might get confusing. Sometimes, you can combine words. Like "can't" for "cannot". That saves space. And last, read it over to make sure it still makes sense. If it does,you're good to go!Now, one tip is to be consistent. Once you decide on an abbreviation, use it the same way throughout. Don't changeit up. And be careful not to create new meanings that might be confusing. Another important point is to consider your audience. If they might not understand a certain abbreviation, it's better to spell it out. Also, watch out for words that look similar but have different meaningswhen abbreviated. It's easy to make mistakes there. Anddon't forget to check your spelling. Even abbreviated words need to be spelled right. Sometimes, you might need to adda little explanation for an abbreviation if it's not very common. That helps the reader understand.Here's something else. Abbreviating can make yourwriting seem more casual. So, it might not be right for every situation. But for a quick note or something informal, it can work well. And when you do abbreviate, make sure it doesn't make your writing hard to read. You still want itto flow nicely. Also, think about how the abbreviations sound when you read them out loud. They should sound natural. And don't use so many abbreviations that it looks like a code. A few well-chosen ones can do the trick. And always double-check that the meaning is clear. If there's any doubt, it's better to write it out in full.。