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Unit 11、If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?依我看，现实生活并没有人们想象的那么美好。
我们上了12年的中、小学，又上了3年大学，这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在备受呵护的学生生活之外的那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什么呢？Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so ex pensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan,the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. And this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.无论我怎么想保持心情愉快，可麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人发生矛盾(尤其是跟男孩子，天哪！他们什么时候才能长大？)，但通常是为钱发愁。
If you ask me1If you ask me, real life is not all it's cracke d up to be. Twelve yearsat school and threeyearsat univer sity, teache rs bangin g on aboutopport uniti es in the big wide worldbeyond our shelte red life as studen ts, and what do I find?2 Try as I mightto stay cheerf ul, all I ever get is hassle, someti mes with people (especi allyboys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It's just so expens ive out here! Everyo ne wantsa sliceoff you. The Inland Revenu e wantsto deduct income tax, the bank manage r wantsrepaym entson my studen t loan, the landlo rd wantsthe rent, gas, water, electr icity and my mobile billskeep coming in, and all that's before I've had anythi ng to eat. And then some bright sparkcallsme out of the blue, asking if I'm intere stedin buying a pensio n. At this rate, I won't even last till the end of the year, let alonetill I'm 60.3 I didn't really want to go out to work just yet. I mean, I wasn't a dropou t and I knew I'd have to some day. Accord ing to any number of people "life's not a picnic", "there's no such thingas a free lunch". But giventhat I'd got a good degree, I though t I'd like to go on to get my master's. Actual ly, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Econom ics (LSE) . Top school, very good for my CV. But I talked to my mum aboutit, and she said she couldn't afford to suppor t me any more. I kind of unders tandit, and not just becaus e my degree is in econom ics. She'd worked hard for 15 yearsto give me an educat ion. My dad wasn't around most of the time, and when he was, he didn't have any money. He'd spentit gambli ng on the dogs or down the pub. So it came to the pointwhenI just agreed with Mum, and bowedmyself toward s the inevit able.4 If you ask me, and despit e everyt hingyou hear, fortun ately thereare some really nice people out there. Take Mike, for exampl e. When I left univer sity, what I though t was that my mum wouldfeel oblige d to look afterme if I return ed home. So I packed up my belong ingsand went to London to get a job. I wanted someth ing in financ e and invest ments, becaus e you know, maybewith a job like that, I coulduse my degree. But by that time, therewere no jobs left, and I didn't really want to end up in some boring office, doingphotoc opies and making the tea.5 Go anywhe re you like in London and there's usuall y a good pub. The day I realiz ed no one in the city was goingto offerme a job, I went into The Salisb ury on Leaden hallStreet for a drinkand someth ing to eat. Mike the landlo rd was at the bar, pourin g pintswith one hand, making sandwi cheswith the other, and washin g the glasse s all at the same time—it's true, he really did seem to have threehands. He also seemed to know everyo ne, and greete d the regula rs by name, gettin g theirdrinks readywith the questi on, "The usualtoday, is it?" I though t he looked kind of cool, he was doingwhat he did best, servin g thirst y client s, and no one did it better. So I went up to him and askedhim whethe r therewas a job for me.6 Well, to cut a long storyshort, I starte d work in the pub one Friday lunchtime. It was quitedemand ing work, but I likedit. People seemed to find me amusin g and it made me feel better too. Therewas one middle-aged regula r in a suit who always had a half of bitter and a ham and pickle sandwi ch, with the crusts cut off. When I saw Tony coming, I triedto have his lunchreadyfor him even before he asked. He was anothe r one of thosereally nice people.7 If you ask me, spendi ng moneywhen you don't have any is dead easy. I beganto thinkabouthow I'd spendmy firstmonth's wages. The flat whereI was stayin g was expens ive, and I just abouthad enough to coverthe firstmonth's substa ntial bills. But I calcul atedthat there'd be just enough moneyover to treatmyself to someth ing. Why not get a CD or maybea plantto cheerup the flat? I though t.8 It was my birthd ay on pay day. Apartfrom Mike and Tony, I didn't have any friend s in London. Seeing that I didn't have a boyfri end either, you can unders tandwhy I beganto feel sorryfor myself. So I ordere d myself some flower s, and askedthem to be sent with a little card, saying "With all my love Anon." The highli ght of my birthd ay wouldbe the confus ed look on the floris t's eyes when he delive red them.9 Laterthat week, Tony came in as usualand sat down at the bar. "What's wrongwith you? Where's that smilegone today?" I talked to him about... well, aboutpretty well everyt hing, money, the master's, my birthd ay, the lot. He sympat hized with me.10 Tony got up from his stool, and went over to talk to some of the others. Rememb er: The Salisb ury is rightin the heartof the city, so all the custom ers were in bankin g or insura nce or the stockmarket. Next day he turned up with cheque s to the valueof £20,000. "This is a loan for you to set up your busine ss. The only collat eralyou have is my trustin you that one day, you'll pay us back—if you can. And if you can't, too bad, that's the financ e busine ss for you. But I thinkyou will."11 I didn't say anythi ng for fear that I was goingto cry. What were the odds on anyone beingso nice?12 And the flower s? I redire ctedthem to my mum, and they arrive d for her on my birthd ay. She deserv ed them, don't you think?13 If you ask me, lookin g back afterall theseyears, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succee d. The fact that the rest is hard work doesn't matter, it's stillworthit.14 Aftera year workin g at The Salisb ury, I got a placeat the LSE, did my master's and founda job in an invest mentbank. I invest ed the £20,000, and sold out before the 2008 crash. I paid back Tony and the otherinvest ors, with ten per cent annual intere st, and set up my own firm. It exceed ed all my expect ation s and is stilla thrivi ng busine ss.15 Tony wroteme a thank-you note. He'd been in a car accide nt, and couldn't walk. The moneyI paid back wouldallowhim to adapthis houseso he couldmove around it in his wheelc hair. This is what he wrote:16 "Thirty-five yearsin bankin g, and I've nevermade a better invest mentthan the loan to you. You've repaid the moneywith intere st, and my trustin you and your honest y 100-fold. If you ask me, invest ing in people givesthe best return you can ever hope for."17 If you ask me, he's right. What do you think?依我看依我看，现实生活并没有人们想象的那么好。
新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案unit1Unit1Active reading (1)3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1.proceed2.transition3.detached4.upcoming5.slump6.revert7.recount4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.(1)transition(2)slumped(3)proceed(4)recounting(5)detached(6)upcoming(7)revert5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an support er of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.B A A AB7 Answer the questions about the phrases.B B A A A A A AActive reading (2)4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1.amusing2.fortunately3.l oan4.d educt5.highlight6.sympathize7.d emanding5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.(1) sympathize(2) fortunately(3) loan(4) demanding.(5) amusing(6) highlight(7) deducted6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.B B A A B B A A ALanguage in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)3 Rewrite the sentences using try as …might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying. Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get thepromotion he deserves, he just d oesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think i t would be a good idea to get down to some work. Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since i t’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we s hould leave this last task until tomorrow.5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many time s. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.依我看，现实生活与人们想象的不一样。
Unit 1Active reading (1)大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。
在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？七月，你看着21岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。
这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、能偶尔参加聚会的印象开始消退。
但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。
等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。
他只是偶尔走开去发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。
这位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之间变成了“哼哼一代”的成员。
他能找到工作吗？这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象：今年夏天，超过65万大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。
父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者，他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。
来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。
他走进大学就业服务中心，又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。
跟他一起住的另外5个男孩也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。
找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。
他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒了。
他们给的年薪是1万8千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐煮豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。
然后我又申请了公务员速升计划，并通过了笔试。
但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家治国论者’。
我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。
”打那以后他整个夏天都在“躲”。
他能够轻松复述《交通警察》中的若干片段，他白天看电视的时间太多，已经到了影响健康的地步。
跟朋友谈自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己的并没有两样。
Unit 11 embellish2 upcoming3 highlight4 exceeds5 fraught6 concise7 apathy8 recounted 9gamble 10 demanding 11 repay 12 clutched 13 redirect 14 transition 15 thriving 16 deduct 17 revert 18 overdo 19 investors 20 comprehensive21 up 22 through 23 if 24 down 25 for 26 by 27 on 28 to 29 in 30 outYour answer Correct answer(31) slump slump(32) proceed aimless(33) landlord landlord(34) client client(35) hassle hassle(36) loan loan(37) honesty honesty(38) sympathetically sympathize(39) financially financially(40) Fortunately Fortunately CabddUnit 21.Can weYour answer Correct answerforego forego2.Your answer Correct answerdialect dialect3.There's nothing left to do now butYour answer Correct answerawait await4.I love going on vacation, but I alwaysYour answer Correct answerdrown drown5.After three huge successes, George became one of the mostHollywood.Your answer Correct answerdrown influential6.There have been far too manyYour answer Correct answermysterious mysterious7.do!Your answer Correct answeridle idle8.Your answer Correct answerfoster foster9.SheYour answer Correct answernormally normally10.Your answer Correct answerclassification classification11.exclude exclude12.Your answer Correct answerstature stature13.Your answer Correct answerobstacle obstacle14.Your answer Correct answerneglect neglect15.been there before.Your answer Correct answeradvantageous advantageous16.I'm going to invest my money in Microsoft, and I strongly suggest you doYour answer Correct answerlikewise likewise17.It is critical toYour answer Correct answercite cite18.Your answer Correct answeroriginality originality19.It's difficult tointeract interact20.It's common for politicians to use almost anything asYour answer Correct answerammunition ammunitionSection B: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable word.21.The toughest thing about moving away was when I had to partYour answer Correct answerwith with22.into summer.Your answer Correct answeras as23.Please leave me alone; I'm simply lookingYour answer Correct answerfor for24.Your answer Correct answerto to25.Your answer Correct answerwith with26.out out27.Your answer Correct answerFor For28.Your answer Correct answerby on29.I think the reason we're such good friends is because we have so muchYour answer Correct answerin in30.Your answer Correct answerat uponPart II: Banked ClozeYour answer Correct answer(31) recommendation recommendation(32) adventurer adventurer(33) stereotypical stereotypical(34) gratuitous gratuitous(35) confront confront(36) indubitably enlightenment(37) sacrifice sacrifice(38) undoing undoing(39) desperately desperately(40) tackle tackleBdbcaUnit 3Acbda cbdba acbda bcadc out to off into down upon after up away aroundYour answer Correct answer(31) glamorous glamorous(32) individuality individuality(33) credentials credentials(34) stunning stunning(35) daring daring(36) superficial superficial(37) lavish lavish(38) exclusively exclusively(39) unstable inescapable(40) lure lureDaccdUnit 41.Your answer Correct answermarital marital2.Your answer Correct answeroverseas overseas3.Your answer Correct answeralign align4.The lawyer spent all week trying toYour answer Correct answercompile compile5.We can't afford to lose Thomas—Your answer Correct answerindispensable indispensable6.Your answer Correct answersuperficial superficial7.she wants.Your answer Correct answerdeceive deceive8.Your answer Correct answerpathetic pathetic9.PleaseYour answer Correct answernotify notify10.change.Your answer Correct answercompatible compatibleDbdba bcdac 21-30 down out from out on in down by into upYour answer Correct answer(31) wicked wicked(32) desirable desirable(33) devastating devastating(34) abject abject(35) greed greed(36) jealous jealous(37) prone prone(38) naturally naturally(39) yearn yearn(40) unrealistic unrealisticCbadbUnit 5.Your answer Correct answereloquent eloquent2.Your answer Correct answeretiquette etiquette3.Your answer Correct answerintellectual intellectual4.Your answer Correct answeranimated animated5.Your answer Correct answeravailability availability6.Her brother wasYour answer Correct answerentrusted entrusted7. 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英语综合教程4第一单元作文范文English:In Unit 1 of English Integrated Course 4, the theme focuses on the concept of success and how different people interpret it. Success can be seen as achieving goals, fulfilling dreams, or making a difference in the world. It varies from person to person and is not always defined by wealth, fame, or power. The unit encourages students to reflect on what success means to them personally and consider the importance of personal growth, happiness, and relationships in the journey towards success. Through thought-provoking readings, discussions, and activities, students are challenged to think beyond conventional definitions of success and explore the deeper meaning and fulfillment that comes from following their passions and values.中文翻译:在英语综合教程4的第一单元中，主题集中在成功的概念以及不同人如何解释成功。
成功可以被视为实现目标，实现梦想，或在世界上产生影响。
新目标大学英语：《综合教程》第四册U1•Textbook StudyListening1）attitude2）on the basis of3）positive and negative4）Self-esteem5）subjective6）consciously or unconsciously7）have got used to8）taken for granted9）subconscious mind10）self-appraisalText BParas. 1–3：a、Fb、Fc、O/FParas. 4 – 8：a、Fb、Fc、Fd、FParas. 9–15：a、O/Fb、O/Fc、O/FPara. 16：F•CET-Oriented Study Listening1、A2、C3、D4、C5、C6、C7、D8、BReading Comprehension（1）D（2）N（3）I（4）B（5）H（6）O（7）L（8）J（9）G（10）EParagraph Translation（翻译参考）China serves as home to 56 ethnic groups. The largest group, the Han, makes up over 91% of China’s population. As the majority of the population is of the Han ethnic group, the other 55 ethnic groups are customarily referred to as the national minorities. The Han people can be found throughout the country, though mainly on the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River valleys, and the Northeast Plain. The national minorities, though fewer in number, are also widely dispersed throughout China, often inhabiting important border regions from northeast China to north, northwest and southwest China. Equality, unity and common prosperity are the fundamental principles of China’s government in handling the relations between different ethnic groups. Meanwhile, China exercises a policy of regional autonomy for various ethnic groups, allowing ethnic groups living in compact communities to establish self-government and direct their ownaffairs.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: BDADB6-10: CBACA11-15: CBDAD16-20: CDDBCUnit Test - II1-5: BCCBC（6）C. insecure （7）G. compare（8）H. influence （9）J. impact（10）L. post（11）M. surveyed （12）I. negative （13）O. participants（14）D. preoccupation（15）A. establish16-20: DCBDA21-25: CCADAU2•Textbook StudyListening1）habit of living2）profound changes3）human activities4）extinction events5）human agricultural technology 6）domesticating7）cultivate plants8）intimate knowledge9）familiar with10）human companionsText B1）spreading the word about “the crisis facing these social, sensitive, passionately intense, playful, complex, exceedingly intelligent and endangered creatures”.2）their sizes and species.3）they are quite consciously together, each pacing herself to the other’s gait and waiting for the other to catch up.4）stood vigil outside the building, knowing that her friend was inside.5）saw past the things they didn’t have in common and found in each other common ground enough•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、B2、A3、C4、D5、C6、A7、D8、AReading Comprehension（1）G（2）A（3）F（4）J（5）B（6）K（7）C（8）H（9）I（10）BParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Chinese martial arts may be traced back to prehistoric times when Chinese ancestors used stones and wooden clubs in hunting for subsistence and self-defense. It is recorded in the history that there were people specializing in martial arts during the periods of Spring and Autumn and the Warring States, and considered it as a theory to maintain good health and applied it in wars when necessary. The martial arts are either bare-handed or weapon-in-hand practice or performance according to certain sets. Generally speaking, modern martial arts consist of such five categories as boxing, weapon exercises, sparring exercises, actual combat and teamwork. The five categories can be further divided into different schools or styles. The martial arts play positive roles in strengthening the body, developing the potential of the body, tempering people’s will power and even curing difficult and complex cases of illness. They are a precious national cultural legacy of China.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: BDADB6-10: BACAB11-15: DDACB16-20: DDADAUnit Test - II1-5: CBBAB（6）E. companion （7）A. affinity （8）L. disparity （9）G. species （10）F. infirmity （11）O. immobile （12）C. vigil（13）I. resumed （14）N. overwhelming （15）D. memorial16-20: BADCC21-25: BCABCU3•Textbook StudyListening1）long-term survival2）coordinate the relationship3）environmental goals4）promote this concept5）economic and political issues6）building materials7）architecture and ecology8）environmental effects9）the preservation10）enjoyment of future generationsText BPara. 1assemble a real building and structure a business Para. 2a critical architecturePara. 3a Paul Rudolph building in Boston and Richard Neutra’s Cyclorama Building in Gettysburg,Para. 4·wanting to save the entire building,·wanting to demolish it.Para. 5the protagonist in the battle to save or the antithesis to modern design.Para. 6emerges the richness of place and understanding of time.Para. 8experience and imagination,•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、B2、A3、B4、B5、B6、B7、A8、CReading Comprehension（1）B（2）F（3）B（4）H（5）A（6）E（7）J（8）I（9）G（10）CParagraph Translation（翻译参考）The Ancient City of Ping Yao is one of the well-preserved ancient county-level cities in China. Located in Ping Yao County, central Shanxi Province, the property includes three parts: the entire area within the walls of Ping Yao, Shuanglin Temple 6 kilometers southwest of the county seat, and Zhenguo Temple 12 kilometers northeast of the county seat. The design of this Ancient City shows the evolution of architectural styles and town planning in Imperial China over the past five centuries. Noteworthy are the imposing buildings associated with trading and bankingin the city, for Ping Yao was the major center for the whole China in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It retains all the Han city features, and provides a complete picture of the cultural, social, economic and religious development in Chinese history. It is of great value for researchers’ studying of the social form, economic structure, military defense, religious belief, traditional thinking, traditional ethics and dwelling form during that time.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: CCCBA6-10: DCCAA11-15: DBBAA16-20: BDCBAUnit Test - II1-5: ABABB（6）A. demolish（7）N. lens（8）H. encapsulate（9）L. room（10）J. rootedness（11）G. integrated（12）B. aspirations（13）K. reintroduced（14）E. symbiotic（15）C. commission16-20: CCBAD21-25: DCCCDU4•Textbook StudyListening1）delivered to2）a science fiction3）physical objects4）manufacturing capabilities 5）storage of information6）technological advances7）is limited8）positive impact9）transportation emissions10）a range of industriesText B1）to study and understand natural phenomenato use this knowledge to make our lives more comfortable2）there is no anesthetic and no drilling3）mycelia, combined with buckwheat and rice husksdebut soon as protective packaging for computers and furniture4）to repel water and soil, fight germs, detect dangerous chemicals and explosives, and conduct enough energy5）there is no need to buy syringes and no need to fill them either; and nobody will miss the pain•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、C2、B3、A4、C5、A6、C7、C8、BReading Comprehension（1）B（2）J（3）A（4）I（5）G（6）E（7）F（8）D（9）E（10）HParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Ecological civilization describes the level of harmony that exists between human progress and natural existence in human civilization. Ecological civilization, like material civilization, cultural and ethical civilization, and political civilization, is a historical concept. As such, ecological civilization is constantly undergoing a process of evolution from a lower stage to a higher stage as human civilization progresses. A comprehensive plan for the promotion of ecological progress was outlined in the political report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC. The report clearly states that we must incorporate the idea of ecological civilization into every aspect of economic, political, cultural, and social progress; step up effortsto develop a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society; and strive to build a beautiful China so as to realize lasting and sustainable development for the Chinese nation and make due contributions to global ecological security.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: CABDB6-10: AABAD11-15: ACBCA16-20: CDACBUnit Test - II1-5: CABCB（6）E. obtained（7）D. decaying（8）I. injecting（9）H. solidifies（10）C. available（11）F. eligible（12）B. routes（13）N. alternative（14）A. combined（15）G. protective16-20: BDADB21-25: CABCAU5•Textbook StudyListening1）gas emissions2）renewable energy3）ultimate source of energy 4）fossil fuels5）alternative energy6）mass transportation7）limited in supply8）our growing energy challenges9）diverse energy technologies10）destroy our environmentText B1）fossil fuelsglobal warmingatmospheric pollutants productioneconomic development hindrance2）renewable energyother alternative energy sources which are greener and renewable.3）the fossil fuelsit is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly.4）it can reduce the reliance on exhaustible sources of fossil fuelsit is clean from the environmental point of view.•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、B2、D3、B4、C5、B6、C7、AReading Comprehension（1）E（2）B（3）I（4）A（5）D（6）G（7）J（8）F（9）C（10）HParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Traditionally, the Chinese love sports as an essential way for keeping fit as well as for entertainment. As one of the main sports to help people stay fit, Taijiquan is very popular with Chinese people. It used to be a martial art, but since it aids both self-defense and health,it gradually turned into a form of exercise. Taijiquan has deep and profound philosophical connotations; it embodies the unique wisdom of the Chinese people, and reflects the characteristics of Chinese culture.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: ADCBC6-10: BABDC11-15: BABCC16-20: BCDBCUnit Test - II1-5: BAAAB（6）N. reserves（7）K. shortage（8）J. affect（9）M. abundant（10）D. alternative（11）E. definition（12）B. derived（13）G. Typical（14）F. regard（15）H. emission16-20: ABDDB21-25: ADBCAU6•Textbook StudyListening1）Satellite technology2）the exploration of the universe 3）exciting and fruitful areas4）the other planets5）technological reasons6）benefited hugely7）strive to learn8）what’s around the corner9）fantastic manifestation10）pursue our explorationText B1）there’s the hard vacuum, the lethal cold and the ever-present risk of even a small meteor hit. Also the pressure is nearly zero.2）Mark for his four shuttle missions and his cumulative 54 days in space; Scott for his two shuttle flights, including a six-month stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS).3）Blood samples tests, saliva samples tests, cheek swabs tests, psychological and fitness tests, and follow-up tests.4）the time Mark has already spent in space muddies the study up a little since he’s been exposed to the same exotic physical environment Scott has.•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、D2、D3、A4、D5、B6、D7、CReading Comprehension（1）F（2）I（3）E（4）C（5）A（6）D（7）H（8）J（9）B（10）GParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Nearly 600 years later, the Temple of Heaven still stands intact in the south of Beijing. Covering an area nearly five times as large as the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, with its numerous halls and buildings, attracts visitors from around the world. It not only presents spectacular scenery, but also represents the Chinese pursuit of harmony between Heaven and mortals. Only the emperor could pray at the Temple of Heaven. Common people were not allowed access. Yet the idea of showing awe and gratitude to Heaven was not reserved for the emperor alone, but was shared by the people as well.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: BCDCB6-10: BCBAB11-15: ABBBC16-20: BCBDBUnit Test - II1-5: DBCBA（6）C. hospitable（7）F. risk（8）B. pressure（9）I. expand（10）L. absence（11）J. unconsciousness （12）M. sooner（13）D. adjust（14）N. fatigued（15）G. damage16-20: CABDB21-25: DBDBDU7•Textbook StudyListening1）rational scientific explanation 2）via the Internet3）at the thought of4）transplanting an artificial heart 5）with chronic diseases6）explain the reasons behind7）a mystery to a large extent8）amaze scientists9）evolves into10）what we know about natureText B1、C2、C3、A4、C5、A•CET-Oriented Study Listening1、D2、B3、B4、D5、C6、C7、BReading Comprehension （1）F（2）J（3）B（4）H（5）A（6）D（7）I（8）C（9）E（10）GParagraph Translation（翻译参考）The Silk Road refers to a transport route connecting ancient China with Central Asia, West Asia, Africa, and the European continent. It appeared as early as the second century B.C and was traveled mainly by silk merchants. The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route, but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China, India, the Mesopotamian plains, Egypt, and Greece. It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west as a communicating artery going through Eurasian continent.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: DCBDD6-10: ACBBC11-15: CCABA16-20: DDCADUnit Test - II1、A2、D3、C4、B5、A6、 D（6）G. agony（7）L. suffer（8）E. conservative （9）J. temporary （10）C. ease（11）I. implantable （12）D. battery （13）O. mild（14）A. immediate （15）M. miracle16-20: CCDCD21-25: CDBADU8•Textbook StudyListening1）no packaging product2）paper-based3）Recycling figures vary greatly4）those same statistics5）we drink from6）absolute confidence7）agricultural byproduct waste8）seek and continue9）we make and use10）convenient recycling processText B1）climate changes may bring a lot of harm, even disasters to mankind. 2）different parts of the world will be affected to different degrees. 3）areas that are already lack of water will be hit more severely.4）poor people are particularly vulnerable to illnesses caused by climate changes.5）climate changes can have different effects on men and women. •CET-Oriented StudyListening1、D2、B3、D4、C5、B6、C7、CReading Comprehension（1）H（2）C（3）J（4）A（5）E（6）B（7）D（8）G（9）F（10）IParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Porcelain has been of great significance in the history of Chinese civilization. Around the first century, porcelain production first emerged in China, and by the Song Dynasty the craft of porcelain making had become mature.In English, “porcelain” shares the same word with the name of the country —“china”. This proves that Europeans in ancient times related porcelain closely with China. Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, playing an important place in the exchanges between China and other countries. Porcelain earned a good reputation for China for its delicacy and elegance.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: ABACD6-10: BCDCB11-15: BDABC16-20: ACDBAUnit Test - II1-5: CABCA（6）D. basic（7）G. threaten（8）M. sensitive（9）A. differ （10）L. vulnerable （11）E. equally （12）K. regions （13）C. benefit （14）I. adapt （15）H. communities 16-20:ADCCB21-25: DBBBC。
新目标大学英语：《综合教程》第四册U1•Textbook StudyListening1）attitude2）on the basis of3）positive and negative4）Self-esteem5）subjective6）consciously or unconsciously7）have got used to8）taken for granted9）subconscious mind10）self-appraisalText BParas. 1–3：a、Fb、Fc、O/FParas. 4 – 8：a、Fb、Fc、Fd、FParas. 9–15：a、O/Fb、O/Fc、O/FPara. 16：F•CET-Oriented Study Listening1、A2、C3、D4、C5、C6、C7、D8、BReading Comprehension（1）D（2）N（3）I（4）B（5）H（6）O（7）L（8）J（9）G（10）EParagraph Translation（翻译参考）China serves as home to 56 ethnic groups. The largest group, the Han, makes up over 91% of China’s population. As the majority of the population is of the Han ethnic group, the other 55 ethnic groups are customarily referred to as the national minorities. The Han people can be found throughout the country, though mainly on the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River valleys, and the Northeast Plain. The national minorities, though fewer in number, are also widely dispersed throughout China, often inhabiting important border regions from northeast China to north, northwest and southwest China. Equality, unity and common prosperity are the fundamental principles of China’s government in handling the relations between different ethnic groups. Meanwhile, China exercises a policy of regional autonomy for various ethnic groups, allowing ethnic groups living in compact communities to establish self-government and direct their ownaffairs.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: BDADB6-10: CBACA11-15: CBDAD16-20: CDDBCUnit Test - II1-5: BCCBC（6）C. insecure （7）G. compare（8）H. influence （9）J. impact（10）L. post（11）M. surveyed （12）I. negative （13）O. participants（14）D. preoccupation（15）A. establish16-20: DCBDA21-25: CCADAU2•Textbook StudyListening1）habit of living2）profound changes3）human activities4）extinction events5）human agricultural technology 6）domesticating7）cultivate plants8）intimate knowledge9）familiar with10）human companionsText B1）spreading the word about “the crisis facing these social, sensitive, passionately intense, playful, complex, exceedingly intelligent and endangered creatures”.2）their sizes and species.3）they are quite consciously together, each pacing herself to the other’s gait and waiting for the other to catch up.4）stood vigil outside the building, knowing that her friend was inside.5）saw past the things they didn’t have in common and found in each other common ground enough•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、B2、A3、C4、D5、C6、A7、D8、AReading Comprehension（1）G（2）A（3）F（4）J（5）B（6）K（7）C（8）H（9）I（10）BParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Chinese martial arts may be traced back to prehistoric times when Chinese ancestors used stones and wooden clubs in hunting for subsistence and self-defense. It is recorded in the history that there were people specializing in martial arts during the periods of Spring and Autumn and the Warring States, and considered it as a theory to maintain good health and applied it in wars when necessary. The martial arts are either bare-handed or weapon-in-hand practice or performance according to certain sets. Generally speaking, modern martial arts consist of such five categories as boxing, weapon exercises, sparring exercises, actual combat and teamwork. The five categories can be further divided into different schools or styles. The martial arts play positive roles in strengthening the body, developing the potential of the body, tempering people’s will power and even curing difficult and complex cases of illness. They are a precious national cultural legacy of China.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: BDADB6-10: BACAB11-15: DDACB16-20: DDADAUnit Test - II1-5: CBBAB（6）E. companion （7）A. affinity （8）L. disparity （9）G. species （10）F. infirmity （11）O. immobile （12）C. vigil（13）I. resumed （14）N. overwhelming （15）D. memorial16-20: BADCC21-25: BCABCU3•Textbook StudyListening1）long-term survival2）coordinate the relationship3）environmental goals4）promote this concept5）economic and political issues6）building materials7）architecture and ecology8）environmental effects9）the preservation10）enjoyment of future generationsText BPara. 1assemble a real building and structure a business Para. 2a critical architecturePara. 3a Paul Rudolph building in Boston and Richard Neutra’s Cyclorama Building in Gettysburg,Para. 4·wanting to save the entire building,·wanting to demolish it.Para. 5the protagonist in the battle to save or the antithesis to modern design.Para. 6emerges the richness of place and understanding of time.Para. 8experience and imagination,•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、B2、A3、B4、B5、B6、B7、A8、CReading Comprehension（1）B（2）F（3）B（4）H（5）A（6）E（7）J（8）I（9）G（10）CParagraph Translation（翻译参考）The Ancient City of Ping Yao is one of the well-preserved ancient county-level cities in China. Located in Ping Yao County, central Shanxi Province, the property includes three parts: the entire area within the walls of Ping Yao, Shuanglin Temple 6 kilometers southwest of the county seat, and Zhenguo Temple 12 kilometers northeast of the county seat. The design of this Ancient City shows the evolution of architectural styles and town planning in Imperial China over the past five centuries. Noteworthy are the imposing buildings associated with trading and bankingin the city, for Ping Yao was the major center for the whole China in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It retains all the Han city features, and provides a complete picture of the cultural, social, economic and religious development in Chinese history. It is of great value for researchers’ studying of the social form, economic structure, military defense, religious belief, traditional thinking, traditional ethics and dwelling form during that time.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: CCCBA6-10: DCCAA11-15: DBBAA16-20: BDCBAUnit Test - II1-5: ABABB（6）A. demolish（7）N. lens（8）H. encapsulate（9）L. room（10）J. rootedness（11）G. integrated（12）B. aspirations（13）K. reintroduced（14）E. symbiotic（15）C. commission16-20: CCBAD21-25: DCCCDU4•Textbook StudyListening1）delivered to2）a science fiction3）physical objects4）manufacturing capabilities 5）storage of information6）technological advances7）is limited8）positive impact9）transportation emissions10）a range of industriesText B1）to study and understand natural phenomenato use this knowledge to make our lives more comfortable2）there is no anesthetic and no drilling3）mycelia, combined with buckwheat and rice husksdebut soon as protective packaging for computers and furniture4）to repel water and soil, fight germs, detect dangerous chemicals and explosives, and conduct enough energy5）there is no need to buy syringes and no need to fill them either; and nobody will miss the pain•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、C2、B3、A4、C5、A6、C7、C8、BReading Comprehension（1）B（2）J（3）A（4）I（5）G（6）E（7）F（8）D（9）E（10）HParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Ecological civilization describes the level of harmony that exists between human progress and natural existence in human civilization. Ecological civilization, like material civilization, cultural and ethical civilization, and political civilization, is a historical concept. As such, ecological civilization is constantly undergoing a process of evolution from a lower stage to a higher stage as human civilization progresses. A comprehensive plan for the promotion of ecological progress was outlined in the political report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC. The report clearly states that we must incorporate the idea of ecological civilization into every aspect of economic, political, cultural, and social progress; step up effortsto develop a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society; and strive to build a beautiful China so as to realize lasting and sustainable development for the Chinese nation and make due contributions to global ecological security.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: CABDB6-10: AABAD11-15: ACBCA16-20: CDACBUnit Test - II1-5: CABCB（6）E. obtained（7）D. decaying（8）I. injecting（9）H. solidifies（10）C. available（11）F. eligible（12）B. routes（13）N. alternative（14）A. combined（15）G. protective16-20: BDADB21-25: CABCAU5•Textbook StudyListening1）gas emissions2）renewable energy3）ultimate source of energy 4）fossil fuels5）alternative energy6）mass transportation7）limited in supply8）our growing energy challenges9）diverse energy technologies10）destroy our environmentText B1）fossil fuelsglobal warmingatmospheric pollutants productioneconomic development hindrance2）renewable energyother alternative energy sources which are greener and renewable.3）the fossil fuelsit is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly.4）it can reduce the reliance on exhaustible sources of fossil fuelsit is clean from the environmental point of view.•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、B2、D3、B4、C5、B6、C7、AReading Comprehension（1）E（2）B（3）I（4）A（5）D（6）G（7）J（8）F（9）C（10）HParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Traditionally, the Chinese love sports as an essential way for keeping fit as well as for entertainment. As one of the main sports to help people stay fit, Taijiquan is very popular with Chinese people. It used to be a martial art, but since it aids both self-defense and health,it gradually turned into a form of exercise. Taijiquan has deep and profound philosophical connotations; it embodies the unique wisdom of the Chinese people, and reflects the characteristics of Chinese culture.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: ADCBC6-10: BABDC11-15: BABCC16-20: BCDBCUnit Test - II1-5: BAAAB（6）N. reserves（7）K. shortage（8）J. affect（9）M. abundant（10）D. alternative（11）E. definition（12）B. derived（13）G. Typical（14）F. regard（15）H. emission16-20: ABDDB21-25: ADBCAU6•Textbook StudyListening1）Satellite technology2）the exploration of the universe 3）exciting and fruitful areas4）the other planets5）technological reasons6）benefited hugely7）strive to learn8）what’s around the corner9）fantastic manifestation10）pursue our explorationText B1）there’s the hard vacuum, the lethal cold and the ever-present risk of even a small meteor hit. Also the pressure is nearly zero.2）Mark for his four shuttle missions and his cumulative 54 days in space; Scott for his two shuttle flights, including a six-month stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS).3）Blood samples tests, saliva samples tests, cheek swabs tests, psychological and fitness tests, and follow-up tests.4）the time Mark has already spent in space muddies the study up a little since he’s been exposed to the same exotic physical environment Scott has.•CET-Oriented StudyListening1、D2、D3、A4、D5、B6、D7、CReading Comprehension（1）F（2）I（3）E（4）C（5）A（6）D（7）H（8）J（9）B（10）GParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Nearly 600 years later, the Temple of Heaven still stands intact in the south of Beijing. Covering an area nearly five times as large as the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, with its numerous halls and buildings, attracts visitors from around the world. It not only presents spectacular scenery, but also represents the Chinese pursuit of harmony between Heaven and mortals. Only the emperor could pray at the Temple of Heaven. Common people were not allowed access. Yet the idea of showing awe and gratitude to Heaven was not reserved for the emperor alone, but was shared by the people as well.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: BCDCB6-10: BCBAB11-15: ABBBC16-20: BCBDBUnit Test - II1-5: DBCBA（6）C. hospitable（7）F. risk（8）B. pressure（9）I. expand（10）L. absence（11）J. unconsciousness （12）M. sooner（13）D. adjust（14）N. fatigued（15）G. damage16-20: CABDB21-25: DBDBDU7•Textbook StudyListening1）rational scientific explanation 2）via the Internet3）at the thought of4）transplanting an artificial heart 5）with chronic diseases6）explain the reasons behind7）a mystery to a large extent8）amaze scientists9）evolves into10）what we know about natureText B1、C2、C3、A4、C5、A•CET-Oriented Study Listening1、D2、B3、B4、D5、C6、C7、BReading Comprehension （1）F（2）J（3）B（4）H（5）A（6）D（7）I（8）C（9）E（10）GParagraph Translation（翻译参考）The Silk Road refers to a transport route connecting ancient China with Central Asia, West Asia, Africa, and the European continent. It appeared as early as the second century B.C and was traveled mainly by silk merchants. The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route, but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China, India, the Mesopotamian plains, Egypt, and Greece. It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west as a communicating artery going through Eurasian continent.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: DCBDD6-10: ACBBC11-15: CCABA16-20: DDCADUnit Test - II1、A2、D3、C4、B5、A6、 D（6）G. agony（7）L. suffer（8）E. conservative （9）J. temporary （10）C. ease（11）I. implantable （12）D. battery （13）O. mild（14）A. immediate （15）M. miracle16-20: CCDCD21-25: CDBADU8•Textbook StudyListening1）no packaging product2）paper-based3）Recycling figures vary greatly4）those same statistics5）we drink from6）absolute confidence7）agricultural byproduct waste8）seek and continue9）we make and use10）convenient recycling processText B1）climate changes may bring a lot of harm, even disasters to mankind. 2）different parts of the world will be affected to different degrees. 3）areas that are already lack of water will be hit more severely.4）poor people are particularly vulnerable to illnesses caused by climate changes.5）climate changes can have different effects on men and women. •CET-Oriented StudyListening1、D2、B3、D4、C5、B6、C7、CReading Comprehension（1）H（2）C（3）J（4）A（5）E（6）B（7）D（8）G（9）F（10）IParagraph Translation（翻译参考）Porcelain has been of great significance in the history of Chinese civilization. Around the first century, porcelain production first emerged in China, and by the Song Dynasty the craft of porcelain making had become mature.In English, “porcelain” shares the same word with the name of the country —“china”. This proves that Europeans in ancient times related porcelain closely with China. Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, playing an important place in the exchanges between China and other countries. Porcelain earned a good reputation for China for its delicacy and elegance.•Unit TestsUnit Test - I1-5: ABACD6-10: BCDCB11-15: BDABC16-20: ACDBAUnit Test - II1-5: CABCA（6）D. basic（7）G. threaten（8）M. sensitive（9）A. differ （10）L. vulnerable （11）E. equally （12）K. regions （13）C. benefit （14）I. adapt （15）H. communities 16-20:ADCCB21-25: DBBBC。
大学英语综合教程第二版第四册Unit1TextB课文原文及翻译The Normandy LandingsThe largest and most ambitious mili-tary expedition in history was the inva-sion of Normandy in northern France by British, American and Canadian forces that took place in the summer of 1944. Even nature played a role.lt took more than a year for military planners to orchestrate every movement of troops, artillery, ships and aircraft and to set everything in place for the move that was to open up a second front in Europe. This would liberate France and open the way for the final assault on Ger-many itself.Everything was controlled; right down to the placement of military decoys across the English Channel to fool the Germans into thinking the attack would come from Britain's closest point to France at Pas de Calais3 rather than in Normandy as planned.Everything was controlled, that is, except the weather.D-Day, the code name given to the day of invasion, was originally scheduled for 5 June 1944. This date had been ar-rived at by considering two factors -moonlight and tide. The hour of the in-vasion would need to be near sunrise, when the seaborne troops would have a rising tide. This would enable them to land close to the obstacles that had been placed to hinder their landing without coming ashore on top of them. The paratroopers needed a full moon for visibility. The days with the proper tide-moonlight formula closest to the target date were 5, 6 and 7 June. (1) The fifth was chosen for D-Day to allow a safety margin in case the attack needed to be postponedIn addition to moonlight and favorable tides, calm seas were needed for the crossing. (2) But an unusually stormy transitionfrom spring toward summer that year held out little hope that there would be a suitable break in the weather It also meant the possibility that Operation Overlord, as the invasion was called, might have to be postponed until later in the year or even the following year. Z With the arrival of 5 June, the weather was so bad that General Eisenhower4, supreme commander of the invasion forces, was forced to postpone the invasion by one day. When he met with his staff to review their options, they were faced with the grim reality that 6 June did not look much better than the original D-Day. The meteorological re-port gave a thin ray of hope that a lull in the storm would allow enough time to. launch the invasion. Consultations went on late into the night on whether to press ahead. Opinions were divided. Finally, Eisenhower made his decision. "I am quite positive we must give the order," he said. "I don't like it, but there it is. I don't see how we can do anything else." Within hours, an armada of 3,000 landing craft, 2,500 other ships, and 500 naval vessels began to leave English ports.8. Meanwhile, critical errors by the Ger-man side allowed them to be taken com-pletely by surprise. Due to the bad weather, the German navycancelled its usual patrol of the English Channel. Also, a practice drill scheduled for June 6 was called off. The German meteorological services were unaware of the break in the weather. On the eve of the attack, many of the top German leaders were absent from their commands. Rommel 5, the gen-eral in charge of the coastal defenses, was in Germany visiting his wife on her birthday, and several officers were some distance away in Rennes6 or on their way there for a war-game exercise.The assault on Normandy began at 12:15 a.m., when thepathfinders for the American airborne units left their planes and parachuted to earth. Five minutes later, on the other side of the invasion area, the British pathfinders made their jump. The pathfinders were specially trained to find and mark the drop zones. The main airborne assault was to commence within the hour.The airborne attack became confused because of stiff winds and the evasive fly-ing of the transport planes when they en-countered anti-aircraft fire. As a result, the paratroopers were scattered over a wide area and most missed their drop zones, some by as much as 20 miles. Other com-plications were caused by the terrain, and the worst terrain was on the Cotentin Peninsula. The Germans had laced the open fields with anti-personnel and glider stakes and flooded the low areas. The flooding caused the most trouble for the Americans of the 101st and 82nd Airborne divisions, with many of the troops drowned, laden down by their heavyequipment.11. The airborne units were to secure the flanks of the amphibious assault. That meant capturing bridges, crossroads and coastal batteries. After accomplishing those tasks, the paratroopers had to with-stand any German counterattacks.12 As the airborne units struggled to achieve their goals, the great fleet made its way across the channel to its appoint-ment with destiny. Leading that grand ar-mada were the minesweepers. Behind them followed a vast array of naval ves-sels of every conceivable type. Never be-fore had such a fleet been assembled. Including the landing craft carried on board, the combined Allied invasion armada num-bered up to 6,000 ships. Approximately 150,000 men were to cross the English Channel and land atassault beaches code-named "Utah" ' "Omaha" ' "Gold" ' "Juno" and "Sword."The first areas of French soil wrested from German control were a group of small islands located three miles off Utah Beach. Allied commanders were con-cerned that these islands could be used as sites for heavy guns. The men of the U.S. 4th and 24th Cavalry squadrons were des-ignated to take the islands prior to the main invasion. The assault teams found only land mines. The Germans had left the islands unoccupied.For the majority of the assault troops, however, the war had not begun yet. Af-ter spending as long as 48 hours aboard the various transport shipsas a result of the delay, many of the men were miser-ably seasick and in poor shape for the chal-lenge ahead.The naval bombardment began around 5:45 a.m. The air attack followed. The naval and air bombardments were designed to destroy the beach guns and obstacles, pin down the enemy and pro-vide shelter for the ground troops on the open beaches by making craters. Both, however, largely failed in their objectives. Weather conditions had improved, but they were not perfect. Because of poor visibility caused by low cloud cover, it was decided that the bombers would delay the release of bombs 30 seconds to avoid hit-ting the assaulting troops. As a result, the bombs fell inland and missed their targets. Although the naval bombardment was more accurate, it was not much more ef-fective against the hardened German gun emplacements.The weather also was partially re-sponsible for causing some of the assault craft to miss their assigned landing areas. Additionally, many of the landing craft and amphibious tanks foundered in the rough sea. In the Omaha area, most of the craftcarrying artillery and tanks intended to support the incoming troops sank in the high waves.At Utah Beach, however, a strange stroke of good fortune occurred when the assault craft encountered a southerly cur-rent that caused them to land in the wrong sector. (3) The German shore batteries that would have contested a landing in the original area would undoubtedly have taken aheavy toll. The landing at the new sector was virtually unopposed.(4) Despite difficulties, Eisenhower's gamble with the elements was to pay off The invasion forces succeeded in estab-lishing a toehold on French soil. Rein-forcements began to pour in, thrusting on deep into France. Within a year Hitler's empire, which he had boasted would last a thousand years, lay in ruins.诺曼底登陆历史上规模最大、最雄心勃勃的军事远征是1944年夏天英国、美国和加拿大军队入侵法国北部的诺曼底。
新标准大学英语综合教程4原文Unit 1。
Text A。
Pre-reading Activities。
First Listening。
First Listening。
1. What do you know about the Chinese New Year?2. What is your favorite festival, and why?3. What do people do to celebrate the Chinese New Year?4. What do you think is the most important festival in China?5. What do you know about the custom of giving red packets during the Chinese New Year?Text A。
The Chinese New Year is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.The New Year's Eve and the first three days of the New Year are the peak time for celebrations. People in northern China eat dumplings, and people in southern China eat rice cakes. People in the north enjoy the tradition of eating dumplings on New Year's Eve. They eat dumplings at midnight, which symbolizes driving away the old and welcoming the new. In the south, people eat rice cakes on the first day of the New Year. Thepronunciation of "cake" in Chinese is the same as that of "height" and "promotion", so eating rice cakes symbolizes growth, progress, and promotion year by year.During the Spring Festival, the most popular activity is the dragon and lion dances. Every morning, people light firecrackers to welcome the New Year. The first day is for the welcoming of the gods of the heavens and earth. People burn incense and paper money to worship their ancestors. The second day is for married daughters to visit their birth parents.The fifth day is called Po Wu, and people stay home to welcome the God of Wealth. The sixth day is for visiting relatives and friends. The seventh day is everyone's birthday. People eat noodles to celebrate, as noodles symbolize longevity. The fifteenth day is the Lantern Festival. People eat yuanxiao, a kind of sweet dumpling made of glutinous rice flour, which symbolizes family unity and prosperity.The Chinese New Year is a time of family reunion. No matter how far away people are, they will come back to their hometown to celebrate the festival. The Chinese New Year is not only a time for family reunion, but also a time for people to rest and relax. It is a time for people to enjoy themselves after a year of hard work. The Chinese New Year is a time for people to look forward to the future, and it is a time for people to make wishes for the coming year.Post-reading Activities。
综合教程第四册Unit1
Unit 1 关心他人
我们都应该花时间与他人交流，演示出我们真正的关心。
今日的教育环境提出了许多原本从不曾考虑过的观点，其中一种观点就是认识到关心他人这一重要原则。
它准确地反映了我们社会中各个层面存在的需求。
关心他人不仅仅指关注身边的人或与他们互动，它也涉及到一系列社会关系中存在的问题。
这要求我们对别人表示出真实、深入的关怀，用心耐心地了解他们的观念，将自己的思想和情绪能得以充分表达。
若我们认真的话，关心他人可以是一个实实在在的任务，甚至可以作为一种习惯。
我们可以为此做出不同的努力，以促进友谊和家庭关系的和谐，并将之带进学校和其他的社会环境中。
当我们实现他人的需求，耐心听取他人的意见，充分考虑他人感受时，我们就能体会到温暖、舒服和快乐的感觉。
此外，在当今时代，生活更加多元，人们内心也更加渴望得到谅解和理解，要求我们更加有礼貌，并重视彼此的感受。
只有在这样的背景下，我们才真正的关心他人，以拯救我们这个世界。
大学英语综合教程全新版第四册第一单元课文They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
The Icy DefenderNila B. Smith1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.冰雪卫士奈拉·B·史密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
1. What do you know of Winston Churchill?2. Do you know when World War Ⅱbroke out? What else do you know about it?Almost a year has passed since I came down here at your Head Master's kind invitation in order to cheer myself and cheer the hearts o f a few of my friends by singing some of our own songs. The ten months that have passed have seen very terrible catastrophic events in the world—ups and downs, misfortunes—but can anyone sitting here this afternoon, this October afternoon, not feel deeply thankful for what has happened in the time that has passed and for the very great improvement in the position of our country and of our home? Why, when I was here last time we were quite alone, desperately alone, and we had been so for five or six months. We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly armed. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us, and you yourselves had had experience of this attack; and I expect you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull with nothing particular turning up!But we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough. It is generally said that the British are often better at the last. They do not expect to move from crisis to crisis; they do not always expect that each day will bring up some noble chance of war; but when they very slowly make up their minds that the thing has to be done and the job put through and finished, then, even if it takes months—if it takes years—they do it.Another lesson I think we may take, just throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago and now, is that appearances are often very deceptive, and as Kipling well says, we must "... meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two impostors just the same."You cannot tell from appearances how things will go. Sometimes imagination makes things out far worse than they are; yet without imagination not much can be done. Those people who are imaginative see many moredangers than perhaps exist; certainly many more will happen; but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination. But for everyone, surely, what we have gone through in this period—I am addressing myself to the school—surely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never—in nothing, great or small, large or petty—never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated.Very different is the mood today. Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in; and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these islands, though we ourselves never doubted it, we now find ourselves in a position where I say that we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer.You sang here a verse of a school song: you sang that extra verse written in my honour, which I was very greatly complimented by and which you have repeated today. But there is one word in it I want to alter—I wanted to do so last year, but I did not venture to. It is the line: "Not less we praise in darker days."I have obtained the Head Master's permission to alter darker to sterner. "Not less we praise in sterner days."Do not let us speak of darker days: let us speak rather of sterner days. These are not dark days; these are great days—the greatest days our country has ever lived; and we must all thank God that we have been allowed, each of us according to our stations, to play a part in making these days memorable in the history of our race.。
Key to book4 unit1-7Unit 1 Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general,vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, a nd all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。
大学英语综合教程第四册uint1课后题参考答案P8 3. Questions on the text1. What was Dr. Rob Boll’s profession?He was a physician at a family practice.2. Why did so many non-congregation people attend the church’s annual fund-raising dinner?Because they could have a turkey feast at the dinner and help the church in some way.3. What is the Heimlich maneuver?It is an emergency treatment for suffocation when a person’s airway becomes blocked by a piece of food or other object.4. Who was the main assistant for Dr. Rob Boll in the operation?It was Colleen Rohrer.5. What instruments were used in the operation?A paring knife, a switchblade, a tracheotomy tube, and a resuscitator bag.6. Why did Dr. Rob Boll think the operation was a case of divine intervention?Because the tools he needed appeared and he succeeded in saving the lady as sort of a surgeon as if by magic.7. Why were Colleen and her family so grateful to Dr. Rob Boll? Because Dr. Boll saved Col leen’s mother-in-law and in the age of lawsuits, he was willing to put himself on the line.P10 5. Discussion1. Why was Dr. Rob Boll able to succeed in the emergency operation on the choking old lady?He made it through his knowledge and experience, thoughfar from sufficient, the others’ help, and a pinch of luck.2. What merit can we learn from Dr. Rob Boll?Though Rob Boll hadn’t done that kind of operation before, he was willing to accept the challenge in such an urgent situation. He risked being sued for his improper actions if the surgery failed. He showed a spirit of self-sacrifice and high professional ethics which we can learn.P10-11 6. Practice: interpreting罗布：看，她脸色发青，呼吸困难。
