硕士学位研究生入学考试试题基础英语A

格式：doc
大小：50.50 KB
文档页数：7

下载文档原格式

南京航空航天大学考研真题《基础英语》5套2018-2014年

南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:620满分:150 分科目名称:基础英语注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary (20 points)A.Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to writedown your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. obliviousa) subtle b) obviousc) unaware d) unknown2. divergencea) connection b) differencec) depletion d) isolation3. incongruousa) inappropriate b) unusualc) suitable d) consistent4. resourcefula) thoughtful b) wittyc) excited d) delighted5. reproacha) movement nearer to a person or thingb) an act of thinking about something carefullyc) a feeling of great sadnessd) an act of blaming somebody6. consolidatea) strengthen b) take care ofc) encourage d) support7. masculinitya) heroism b) a process of an actionc) manliness d) frustration8. pejorativea) full of praise b) existing widelyc) humorous d) expressing disapproval9. coveta) want b) protectc) hide d) consider10. shrug offa) destroy b) laugh atc) dismiss d) removeB. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Peter was conspicuous for his queer jeans.2. The King’s English should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.3. Alice is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner.4. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city.5. Rebellion was not confined to the United States, but affected the entire Western world as a result of theaftermath of the first serious war in a century.6. She laughed at my clumsy compliment and said I had better take to writing fashion articles instead ofpolitical leaders.7. This ideal “parcel” service is also a plus for the shipowners not to be dependent on only one customer.8. The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of the new dictionary is a curiousphenomenon.9. “I got a curious nature, ma’am. How’d you figure where your husband was?”10. On the day of the bombing I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives, and I thoughtsomehow I had been spared.II. Cloze (20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the requiredword on the answer sheet. (10 points)Earlier today, my colleague Derek Thompson argued that; it’s misleading to think of marriage 1 a “luxury good”. Why? Because luxury goods are something the 2 buy and the poor can’t afford. But in the case of 3 the trend is more complex. The vast majority of Americans tie the knot at some point in their lives, he argues. It’s just that those 4 a college education are far, far more likely to get divorced. Marriage is for everyone; failed marriages are 5 the poor.Bleak stuff. But it’s getting bleaker.Derek’s post is based 6 a long-term study of young Baby Boomers, who were at least 46 7 old by 2010. But among younger Americans, marriage really is looking more and more 8 something you’d have to buy at Tiffany's. According to 2012 Census Bureau report, 9 shows the percentage of men who have never married by age and income, the less a guy earns nowadays, the 10 likely they are to have ever gotten married.Well, that’s not l00 percent true. Among twenty-somethings there seems to be a rich bachelor 11 going on (or an overworked young professional effect, if you prefer). Those making $75,000 or more are somewhat less likely to have been married than 12 making between $40,000 and $75,000.This particular set of Census data unfortunately tells us much less about 13 and marriage. The problem: Stay-at-home moms.The key to remember, though, is that many educated, high-earning women, the sorts who are likely to meet and 14 educated and high-earning men, leave the workforce or go part time once they have children. So apublicist who once made over $70,000 a year might 15 earn $20,000 if she decided 16 work fewer hours while 17 for her children at home.Here’s why this trend--not just the move towards divorce like Derek talked about, 18 the move from marriage entirely -- is so gloomy. Getting married, and staying married, is 19 of the surest ways of securing a middle class life. By choosing 20 to wed in the first place, the poor are abandoning that chance at stability.B. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)lean to sound spread by down cry lap presence one before pagoda attack into assassinate sorrowput gloom turn forgivenessNEW DELHI, JANUARY 30, 1948 -- Mohandas K. Gandhi was 1 today by a Hindu extremist whose act plunged India into 2 and fear.Rioting broke out immediately in Bombay.The seventy-eight-year-old leader whose people had christened him the Great Soul of India died at 3:45 P.M. (1:15 A M. EST) with his head cradled in the 3 of his sixteen-year-old granddaughter, Mani.Just half an hour before, a Hindu fanatic, Ram Naturam, had pumped three bullets from a revolver 4 Gandhi’s frail body, emaciated by years of fasting and asceticism.Gandhi was shot in the luxurious gardens of Birla House in the 5 of one thousand of his followers, whom he was leading to the little summer pagoda where it was his habit 6 make his evening devotions.Dressed as always in his homespun, sacklike dhoti, and 7 heavily on a staff of stout wood, Gandhi was only a feet from the 8 when the shots were fired.Gandhi crumpled instantly, 9 his hand to his forehead in the Hindu gesture of10 to his assassin.Three bullets penetrated his body at close range, one in the upper right thigh, one in the abdomen, and 11 in the chest.The shots 12 like a string of firecrackers and it was a moment 13 Gandhi’s devotees realized what had happened. Then they 14 on the assassin savagely and would have torn him to bits had not police guards intervened with rifles and drawn bayonets.Over all India the word 15 like wildfire. Minutes after the flash was received in Bombay rioting broke out, with Hindu extremists 16 Moslems. A panic-stricken Moslem woman echoed the thoughts of thousands with a 17 : “God help us all!”In Delhi itself, in the quick-gathering 18 of the night, the news set the people on the march.They walked slowly 19 the avenues and out of the squalid bazaars, converging on Birla House. There 20 the thousands they stood weeping silently or moaning a wailing.III. Error correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Exa mple: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨most fascinating voice!” theLike the life span, the metabolic rate has, for differentorganisms, a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass.In comparison to the life span, this relationship is “inverted”: thelarger the organism, the low its metabolic rate. Such relationship 1. __________is valid not only for birds, but also for other organisms.Animals which behave “frugal” with energy become 2. __________particularly old, for example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots andbirds of prey are often held chain up. Thus they are not able to 3. __________“experience life” and so they can attain a high life span incaptivities. Animals which save energy by hibernation live much 4. __________longer than those which are always active. The metabolic rate ofa mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food. They 5. __________then may live twice as long as their well-fed comrades. Womenbecome distinctively older than men. If you examine the metabolic 6. __________rates of the two sexes, you establish that the higher male metabolicrate roughly accounts for the short male life span. That means that 7. __________they live life “energetically” --- more intensely, but not for as long.It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reservesshould tend to extend life. Extremely high performance sports 8. _________may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quitecertainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate,like does adequate sleep. Each of us can develop his or her own 9. __________“energy saving programme” with a little self-observation andself-control. Experience will show that live in this way not only 10. __________ increases the life span but also is very healthy.IV. Paraphrase (30 points)Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1. As you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the mutedcloth market.2. I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had nothing to do with anything aNippon railways official might say.3. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.4. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.5. Carla fled away from her parents because she wanted to lead an authentic kind of life.6. New York was never a good convention city but it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.7. Wearing that Dior dress, she made everyone else in a room or street look cheap.8. Let us remember that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.9. Perhaps the child was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, andneglect.10. Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape.V. General Knowledge (20 points)A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1. What kind of figure of speech is used in lines “Till all the seas gone dry, my dear,/ And the rocks melt with the sun,/ And I will love thee still, my dear.”A. oxymoronB. metonymyC. understatementD. hyperbole2. ____ is defined as “an author’s careful arrangement of incidents in a narrative to achieve a desired effect.”A. settingB. toneC. plotD. exposition3. As a literary approach, ____ can be defined as a discourse that concerns itself particularly with literature written in English in formerly colonized countries.A. Marxist criticismB. Feminist criticismC. Postcolonial CriticismD. Psychoanalysis criticism4. Which one of the following plays is not regarded as the most important tragedies of William Shakespeare?A. Romeo and JulietB. OthelloC. King LearD. Macbeth5. The publication of ___ symbolized the real beginning of British Romanticism.A. Lyrical BalladsB. Leaves of GrassC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Walden6. ___ won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Literature.A. Alice MunroB. Doris LessingC. Margaret AtwoodD. Kazuo Ishiguro7. All theories about the origin of language are hypothetical in nature. Which of the following is not a theory / hypothesis about the origin of language?A. Innateness hypothesis.B. The evolutionary theory.C. The divine-origin theory.D. The invention theory.8. Which of the following falls under the category of semantics?A．PS Rules B. IC AnalysisC. Componential AnalysisD. Error Analysis9. ___ is designed to discover mainly what the testee does not know about the language. A test of such kindcan help the teacher to find out what is wrong with the previous learning and what should be included in the future teaching work.A. Achievement testB. Proficiency testC. Diagnostic testD. Aptitude test10. Which of the following descriptions about the London School is INCORRECT?A. One of the chief representatives of London School is M.A.K. Halliday.B. It stresses the importance of context of situation aspect of language.C. It stresses the importance of the system aspect of language.D. It is best known for its contribution to phonology.B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Endocentric construction2. Syntax3. Assimilation4. Functional sentence perspective5. Cohesion6. Stream of Consciousness7. Gothic fiction8. Critical Realism9. Protagonist10. Harlem RenaissanceVI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage AIn the first age, we created gods. We carved them out of wood; there was still such a thing as wood, then. We forged them from shining metals and painted them on temple walls. They were gods of many kinds, and goddesses as well. Sometimes they were cruel and drank our blood, but also they gave us rain and sunshine, favourable winds, good harvests, fertile animals, many children. A million birds flew over us then, a million fish swam in our seas.Our gods had horns on their heads, or moons, or sealy fins, or the beaks of eagles. We called them All-Knowing, we called them Shining One. We knew we were not orphans. We smelled the earth and rolled in it; its juices ran down our chins.In the second age we created money. This money was also made of shining metals. It had two faces: on one side was a severed head, that of a king or some other noteworthy person, on the other face was something else, something that would give us comfort: a bird, a fish, a fur-bearing animal. This was all that remained of our former gods. The money was small in size, and each of us would carry some of it with him every day, as close to the skin as possible. We could not eat this money, wear it or burn it for warmth; but asif by magic it could be changed into such things. The money was mysterious, and we were in awe of it. If you had enough of it, it was said, you would be able to fly.In the third age, money became a god. It was all-powerful, and out of control. It began to talk. It began to create on its own. It created feasts and famines, songs of joy, lamentations. It created greed and hunger, which were its two faces. Towers of glass rose at its name, were destroyed and rose again. It began to eat things. It ate whole forests, croplands and the lives of children. It ate armies, ships and cities. No one could stop it. To have it was a sign of grace.In the fourth age we created deserts. Our deserts were of several kinds, but they had one thing in common: nothing grew there. Some were made of cement, some were made of various poisons, some of baked earth. We made these deserts from the desire for more money and from despair at the lack of it. Wars, plagues and famines visited us, but we did not stop in our industrious creation of deserts. At last all wells were poisoned, all rivers ran with filth, all seas were dead; there was no land left to grow food.Some of our wise men turned to the contemplation of deserts. A stone in the sand in the setting sun could be very beautiful, they said.You who have come here from some distant world, to this dry lakeshore and this cairn, and to this cylinder of brass, in which on the last day of all our recorded days I place our final words: Pray for us, who once, too, thought we could fly.1. According to the passage, money is “mysterious” because it ___.A. can speak to human beings.B. seems to be omnipotent.C. is a symbol of wealth.D. is a sign of grace.2. In the passage, “age” refers to ____.A. Different phases of civilization.B. The recorded year in human history.C. Different social systems in human history.D. The scale of intelligence of human beings in history.3. Which of the following statement about gods described in the passage is true?A. Gods always bless human beings.B. Gods are more often than not ferocious in the age of metals.C. Gods are created, carved out of wood or metals.D. Gods are symbols of huma n’s greed.4. Which of the following statements about “deserts” is NOT true?A. No life survives in the deserts.B. Deserts are nothing but a process of desertification.C. It is human being’s greed for money that leads to the prevalence of deserts.D. Deserts result in wars, plagues and famines, which causes more deserts.5. From this passage, we know that ____.A. Human beings will go extinct by themselves one day.B. Human beings are living in the fourth age.C. The earth will become more and more inhabitable since there will never be enough money.D. The author is pessimistic of the future of human beings.Passage BSafety is a concern of everyone who flies or contemplates it. I can provide you with volumes of information about the attention to safety given by the airline industry. No other form of transportation is as scrutinized, investigated and monitored as commercial aviation.Yet if you decide to hold onto the belief that flying is dangerous, then these reassuring safety facts are lost to you. Statistics and figures that prove airline transportation to be the safest way to travel relate to our logical, reasoning, rational mind. Most passengers who have knowledge of the commercial airline industry believe that flying is safe. But when someth ing occurs that we don’t understand, any of us can become quickly frightened. That’s why I encourage you to study as much as you need to reassure yourself about the industry and to take some of the mystery out of commercial flight.However, some small thing may occur on one of your flights that you haven’t studied. If you become startled or frightened at that time, the statistics that I am about to present may come in handy. An airline accident is so rare, when some unfamiliar noise or bump occurs, your response need not be, “Oh, no! What’s wrong?!” Instead, it can be something like, “I’m not sure what that sound was, but there’s nothing to worry about.” Feel free to press your overhead call button to page a flight attendant whenever you want to ask abou t unfamiliar sights or sounds. But you needn’t jump to fearful conclusions.Dr. Arnold Barnett, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has done extensive research in the field of commercial flight safety. He found that over the fifteen years between 1975 and 1994, the death risk per flight was one in seven million. This statistic is the probability that someone who randomly selected one of the airline’s flights over the 19-year study period would be killed in route. That means that any time you board a flight on a major carrier in this country, your chance of being in a fatal accident is one in seven million. It doesn’t matter whether you fly once every three years or every day of the year.In fact, based on this incredible safety record, if you did fly every day of your life, probability indicates that it would take you nineteen thousand years before you would succumb to a fatal accident.Perhaps you have occasionally taken the train for your travels, believing that it would be safer. Think again. Based on train accidents over the past twenty years, your chances of dying on a transcontinental train journey are one in a million. Those are great odds, mind you. But flying coast-to-coast is ten times safer than making the trip by train.How about driving, our typical form of transportation? There are approximately one hundred and thirty people killed daily in auto accidents. That’s every day -- yesterday, today and tomorrow. And that’s forty-seven thousand killed per year.6. According to the passage, which of the following statement about transportation safety is correct?A. The safety of the train is the most concerned one among people.B. The safety of commercial aviation is the most concerned one among people.C. The safety of driving is the most concerned one among people.D. The safety of different transportations is equally concerned among people.7. Dr. Arnold Barnett’s finding that “the death risk per flight was one in seven million” means ___.A. whether a person flies every three years or every day of the year, he will be safe.B. It is not likely for a person to be in danger during flight.C. The possibility of encountering deadly accident is extremely slim.D. One will die if he flies for seven million times.8. According to the author, for those who worry about the safety of flying, they should ___.A. study the flight industry and disclose the mysteries of it.B. be familiar with the statistics and figures as much as possible.C. not argue with others about the safety of the plane.D. not forget that trains and cars are no safer than flying.9. According to the passage, the author argues that ___.A. trains are not as safe as driving.B. driving is more dangerous so people tend to travel by train.C. taking the train to travel is more dangerous than flying so people tend to take flight.D. people still feel the threat of death even they know flying is rather safe.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. The Safest TransportationB. Safety MattersC. No Statistics, No SafetyD. Misunderstanding about FlyingPassage CN ew nature writing is a relatively new literary genre, but it’s become so popular that Barack Obama included one of these books, H is for Hawk, by Helen Macdonald, in his summer holiday reading list.What is this new genre? New nature writing combines memoir with the author’s experience with nature. The author has suffered a trauma, and they turn to the natural world for solace. In H is for Hawk, Helen Macdonald tells of the unexpected loss of her father in her late thirties. To distract herself from her grief, she attempts to tame a hawk. It’s not surprising that Obama would cho ose this book — he, too, lost hi Similarly, Amy Liptrot, in her book The Outrun, describes her return to the isle of Orkney, where she took long walks and rebuilt a stone wall as a way of recovering from alcohol addiction and the breakup of a relationship. These are but two of many recent examples.Writing about nature as a way of easing the pain of illness or trauma is nothing new, of course. John Keats, for example, wrote his poem Ode to a Nightingale in 1819 as he battled tuberculosis.The natural environment seems not only to help us heal, but also to unblock our creative powers. In his novel Amsterdam, Ian McEwan describes the frustration of his main character, Clive Linley, who feels blockedas he tries to finish a musical composition. He leaves London because, as McEwan writes, Linley knew he “needed mountains, big skies. The Lake District, perhaps”.What is it about nature that’s so healing and so inspiring? It seems that just looking at a natural object has a powerful and positive effect.Roger Ulrich at the University of Delaware examined the medical records of 46 patients who’d undergone gall bladder surgery between 1972 and 1981. Twenty-three of them convalesced in a ward that looked out onto an open space full of trees, while the other 23 had a view of a brick wall. Ulrich found that those who viewed the trees had a shorter post-operative stay and took fewer strong analgesics than did the other patients.Whatever it is that the natural environment does for us —whether it’s something in the environment itself, or the exposure to natural light or an increase in exercise that stimulates the release of endorphins — it seems that experiencing the natural world has great power.Distilling that experience into words, music or art can help us even more. As Helen Macdonald explained in a recent interview, writing down her experiences gave her a sense “that something was done, and it was a goodbye to my father and to that time”.Next time you feel blocked creatively, therefore, or you seek relief from pain as you recover from a trauma, make sure you spend some time in natural surroundings.11. Which one of the following cannot exemplify that nature is a way of relieving pain and trauma?A. H is for HawkB. The OutrunC. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. Amsterdam12. Ulrich’s experiment shows that ___.A. Barack Obama is wise to read the new nature writing.B. patients will never suffer from gall bladder after successful surgery.C. those patients having a view of wall tend to suffer from psychological problem.D. those patients having a view of lives tend to recover better and faster.13. According to the passage, what cannot be concluded or inferred?A. Nature makes people feel peaceful and comfortable.B. Nature will remind people of the sweet memories in the past.C. Nature helps people overcome traumatic experiences.D. Nature is more often than not inspiring for people.14. New nature writing ____.A. is a kind of literary critical approachB. is regarded as a new type of writingC. is not new at all since its relevance to nature writingD. stems from people’s desire to recall the past15. From the passage we know that ___.A. nature is omnipotent.B. nature is full of mysteries which makes it powerful.C. nature can heal, both physically and psychologically.D. nature has healing power and hospitals should be built within nature.Passage DIdentity, as academ ics define it, falls into two broad categories: “achieved” identity derived from personal effort, and “ascribed” identity based on innate characteristics.Everyone has both, but people tend to be most attached to their “best” identity — the one that offers the most social status or privileges. Successful professionals, for example, often define their identities primarily through their careers. For generations, working-class whites were doubly blessed: They enjoyed privileged status based on race, as well as the fruits of broad economic growth.White people’s officially privileged status waned over the latter half of the 20th century with the demise of discriminatory practices in, say, university admissions. But rising wages, an expanding social safety net and new educational opportunities helped offset that. Most white adults were wealthier and more successful than their parents, and confident that their children would do better still. That feeling of success may have provided a sort of identity in itself.But as Western manufacturing and industry have declined, taking many working-class towns with them, parents and grandparents have found that the opportunities they once had are unavailable to the next generation. That creates an identity vacuum to be filled.Arlie Russell Hochschild describes a feeling of lost opportunity. Her subjects felt like they were waiting in a long line to reach the top of a hill where the American dream was waiting for them. But the line’s uphill progress had slowed, even stopped. A nd immigrants, black people and other “outsiders” seemed to be cutting the line.For many Western whites, opportunities for achieved identity — the top of the hill — seem unattainable. So their ascribed identity — their whiteness — feels more important than ever.The formal rejection of racial discrimination in those societies has, by extension, constructed a new, broader national identity. The United States has a black president.But that broadening can, to some, feel like a painful loss, articulated in the demand voiced over and over at Trump rallies.The loss of that comforting hum has accelerated a phenomenon that Robin DiAngelo, calls “white fragility” — the stress white people feel when they confront the knowledge that they are neither special nor the default; that whiteness is just a race like any other. Fragility leads to feelings of insecurity, defensiveness, even threat. And it can trigger a backlash against those who are perceived as outsiders.Even some conservative analysts who support a multieth nic “melting pot” national identity worry that unassimilated immigrants could threaten core national values and cultural cohesion.The struggle for white identity is not just a political problem; it is about the “deep story” of feeling stuck while others move forward.There will not likely be a return to the whiteness of social dominance and exclusive national identity. Immigration cannot be halted without damaging Western nations’ economies; immigrants who have already。

研究生基础综合英语2A_AWeddingGift

研究生基础综合英语2A_AWeddingGift第一篇：研究生基础综合英语2A_A Wedding GiftA Wedding GiftElizabeth EconomouI had always dreamed of being proposed to in a Parisian cafe, under dazzling stars, like the one in a Van Gogh knockoff that hangs in my studio apartment.Instead, my boyfriend asked me to marry him while I was Windexing the bathroom mirror.At 40 years old, it was my turn.I had gracefully stepped aside and watched both my twin sister and our baby sister take the matrimonial plunge before me.I had been a bridesmaid seven times and a maid of honor three times.I had more pastel-colored, taffeta dresses than a consignment shop.My fiancé, George, and I are Greek-American, but we wanted a simple, elegant affair.No entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen.No silly slideshow revealing details of our courtship.This would be an intimate gathering, neither big nor fat, with 100 or so guests.In our families that is intimate.My job as a publicist to a monomaniacal orchestra conductor had just vanished, so I had lots of time to devote to my new project.George, who worked 60 hours a week as a pharmacist, now had a second job: listening to me whine about the wedding.After all, this was my show, and I was the director.But the more time and effort I put in, the more the universe tried to thwart me.The Greek band from Los Angeles that I wanted wasn't available.The stitching i had requested for my cathedral veil was all wrong.My ivory silk gown was being quarantined somewhere in Singapore.And with our wedding just a few weeks away, I was annoyed that most of my guests were responding after the deadline.Then I received the call from mymother, petite and brimming with energy at 68, who a few days before had been so thrilled a bout the wedding.She’d been to the doctor for her annual checkup.Although she felt fine, the diagnosis was stomach cancer.Over the next few days, the question became not “What kind of wedding?” but “Wedding?” I had thought of it as my Big Day.I realized th at a Big Day without my mother would be no day at all.Not having my dad, who passed away three years before, to walk me down the aisle was painful, but the thought of not having Mom there was unbearable.Within a few days, I moved back home to Seattle from New York City and postponed the ceremony.I switched from navigating wedding plans to navigating the health-care system.I had picked out the song to be played for our first dance as a husband and wife, but now I was hard-pressed to remember what it was.My wedding, like a dream, was vanishing against the harsh reality of illness.Meanwhile, my two sisters and I, who lived in three different cities, were united once again in a hospital waiting room.My twin sister flew in from Chicago despite being eight months pregnant.Our baby sister, who'd been looking after Mom since Dad's death, was gripped by fear as the familiar sights and smells were eerily reminiscent of his final days.After consulting with doctors, we learned that stomach surgery was Mom's only option.We took the first opening.On a drab autumn morning, as sheets of rain relentlessly poured over Seattle, Mom was admitted to the Swedish Cancer Institute.During a five-hour operation, surgeons removed two thirds of her stomach.Pacing in the waiting room, terrified, I wondered what the future held for all of us.George flew out to be with me.“There's no place I'd rather be,” he said.For three nights heslept on the dank floor in the hospital waiting area wrappedin a tattered sheet with a soiled sofa cushion under his head.A week after the operation, the surgeon gave us his prognosis: “The cancer has not spread,” he said.Those were some of the loveliest words in the English language.George squeezed my hand as tears trickled down my face.The weeks that followed were exhausting.My mother had to rethink her diet, and I had to figure out what to prepare.Decadent Greek meals were replaced by tiny portions and lots of protein, which would help mend the six-inch incision that ran from her breastbone past her navel.Protein would also bolster her immune system for the chemo and radiation that might follow.Until then, my idea of cooking had been microwaving the doggie bag from the chi-chi restaurant I'd eaten at the night before.But after two months, I mastered poached eggs and T-bone steaks.What's more, caring for my Mom made me realize how consummately she had cared for all of us.I'll never forget when I went to see her in the intensive-care unit, just a few hours after her surgery.She was strung out with a myriad of plastic tubes protruding from her arms, nose, and mouth.“Liz, make sure you eat something,” she said in a strained, raspy voice.Forget Paris.Mom's full recovery was my dream now.Recently, she went for a follow-up C-T scan.As she removed her gold wed-ding band for the exam, her fragile 98-pound frame trembled.There would be this scan, and many more.But the doctor said, “Everything looks good.” Soon, my mother will be walking me down the aisle.I've forgotten what kind of stitching is in my veil.But when I remove it from my face, I'll be staring at the two people I love beyond all reason: my soon-to-be husband and the woman who showed me what's really important.第二篇：研究生基础英语Task1Dear Chau,I am writing to recommend you to improve the management in your company.We can see from our investigation of your company that themanagement of your company is not so good.Now I want to talk about some..The first promblem is that We have found that the managers of subsidiaries complain that they are unpaid which make them demotived and feel their contribution to the group’s profit is undervalued.Many managers thought they should deserve much more.As for this point, I think we can carry on some measures, such as welfare politic or financial assistance to their children.We can also create much more challenges to make full advantage of their ability.The other problem is there still many managers are complaining about their little share in the company.So the most important problem is to deal with the share between managers and your company.Maybe you could give your managers a share in the profits of subsidiary, how about 5% to 10% share, and you can put it forward on the board of directors to further discussion.The third problem is that all the mangers reported that they did not have enough freedom of action.Even every manager thought they were controlled much by group in many areas, such as the finance, pay and sources of materials.To settle this problem,we suggest that the head office would take some useful steps to expand their potential markets, for example, you can give them enough funds and technology supports and train their employees as long as they have a better performance compared with the last month.So, the above contains some promblems and suggestions on the management of your company.We hope that our suggestions can help you to improve your management of your company more or less.Yours Jeams2013.10.24第三篇：研究生综合英语选择题Unit 1 1.My husband, because of his own professional（）, goes to Cambridge every week.A.judgments C.personalities B.criteria mitments 2.While looking for the address book, Mr.Hailey（）some of his old love letters in his wife’s drawer.A.came about C.came across B.came up with D.came out with 3.Mrs.Bush, head of the intelligence department, is（）talent and boundless energy.A.capable of C.associated with B.blessed with D.recognized as 4.The audience are deeply impressed by the leading character of the feature film that looks()at social problems.A.squarely C.accurately B.obviously D.Deliberately 5.The Prime Minister has decided to take advantage of his popularity in the opinion polls, and called（）a election for next month.A.snap C.magnetic B.clean-cut D.Convincing 6.The singer is very popular with the general public ,but she is often regarded as being too（）on stage.A.instinctual B.refreshing C.flamboyant D eloquent 7.Mr.Potter was not only quick at turning a phrase, but also ready with（）promises.A.concrete C.glib B.individual D.greasy8.Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products.,（）some Asian countries are highly protectionist.A.Deliberately C.Evidently B.Conversely D.Naturally 9.According to legal provisions, the properties will either（）the original owners or else be sold at mit to C.proceed to B.take to D.revert to10.The measures are little more than（）that will fade fast once investors take a hard look at them.A.blind faith C.good impression B.window dressing D.winning image1.The number of people who consult psychiatrists today isnot, as is sometimes felt, a（）of increasing mental illness.A.revelation B.syndrome C.symptom D.Repugnance 2.That snake in not poisonous.It’s a completely（）little garden snake.A.inoffensive B.innocuous C.ingenious D.Incompatible 3.Evidence（）to the trial must be submitted to the police.A.prevalent B.subsequent C.subordinate D.Pertinent4.University teaching may be（）if the government increases the number of students without providing additional funding.A.jeopardized B.patched C.improvised D.Generalized5.The child’s parents were（）into accepting the demand of the kidnappers’.A.pleaded B.intoxicated C.intimidated D.Besieged6.The detectives（）on the terrorists’ conversations by using secrete microphones.A.overheard B.eavesdropped C.reflected D.Mused7.The two sides are so（）to each other that there is no way to work out a compromise.A.inimical B.reconcilable C.magnetic D.Conducive8.They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the()meeting.A.clandestine B.intangible C.sedate D.Squalid9.Although Jack had moved away before the baseball season ended, the most valuable player award was（）his.A.dubiously B.duly C.excessively D.Transiently 10.Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting （）laws to protect the vish B.equivocal C.stringent D.FlabbyUnit 2 1.Probably the physics of the mid-nineteenth century was not as spectacular as that of the()and following periods, but its theoretical advances were nevertheless very impressive.A.posterior C.preceding B.overwhelming D.potential 2.We will encourage every school to()its character, ethos and areas of special interest within a more flexible National Curriculum framework.A.facilitate C.acquaint B.enhance D.Install3.()her dreams, Lynne traveled the world, leaving her 2-year-old son Stephen in the care of babysitters.A.In spite of C.In place of B.In case of D.In pursuit of4.His deep(), subtle approach, sharp analytical capacities and broad clinical knowledge made him a brilliant clinician.A.intuition C.hypothesis B.revelation D.Thrill5.Western medicine,()science and practiced by people with internationally accepted medical degrees, is only one of many systems of healing.A.rooted in C.trapped in B.originated from D.indulged in6.The computer acts as a substitute for human friends, perhaps, but the human-computer()may also bring about the end of existing human-human relationships.A.apathyC.concept B.intensityD.Infatuation7.She had something to tell him, something so important that even this unexpected opportunity for()of their desire must take second place.A.appetite C.intimacy B.consummation D.potentiality 8.Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps()rigid departmental boundaries.A.break down C.set off B.stand for D.pass over 9.He knew that he had one more duty to perform before he allowed himself to succumb to his()for rest.A.orientation C.craving B.disgust D.objection 10.T o be honest, I felt rather embarrassed by Jane’s（）and flirting during her interviewA.spontaneousness C.coynessB.anticipation D.Sensation1.It is（）upon all users of this equipment to familiarize themselves with the safety procedure A.necessary B.indispensable C.incumbent D.Requisite2.The kidnappers specified that the（）money should be left at the bus station by 12 o’clock the next day, otherwise they would kill the boy.A.ransom B.prize C.conscience D.Revenue3.According to the economic forecast, some people are hopeful of a drop in theinflation figures, but others are less（）.A.fastidious B.sanguineC.lenientD.Prudent4.Her rise to fame was quite（）— in less than two years she was a household name.A.phenomenal B.bleak C.blank D.Vacant5.I looked for her through the window, but the curtains were drawn and I could only see her in（）.A.feature B.profile C.silhouette D.Reverse6.I tried to persuade her to take the job but she was quite（）that she did not want it.A.desperate B.paranoid C.absolute D.Adamant7.We are not compatible — he likes nearly all the things that（）me.A.repulse B.surpass C.banish D.Repatriate8.In his will, the millionaire（）nearly all his fortunes to the housemaid who took care of him in his last days.A.inherited B.bequeathed C.owed D.Remitted9.When the only witness finally came to tell the（）from all responsibility for the accident.A.pardoned B.derived C.exonerated D.Charged 10.The negotiation had reached an（）, with both sides refusing to compromise.A.eclipse B.impasse C.ultimatum D.Abyss Unit3 1.Hard training will（）you richly when it comes to the actual competition.A.bring C.serve B.pay D.make 2.At the news conference, the foreign minister（）a confident smile and answered all the questions raised by the journalists.A.wore C.settled B.expressed D.Cultivated 3.After years of research, scholars have finally（）this anonymous play Christopher Marlowe.A.taken...for C.ascribed...to B.obliged...with D.reconciled...to 4.Most parents have occasional（）about whether they’re doing the best thing for their children.A.burdens C.necessities B.qualms D.Securities 5.It（）me to thank you for all you have done for the association in the last few years.A.falls to C.falls on B.falls into D.falls in with 6.I never heard anyone in my village mention my uncle Tony — I think hewas a bit of a（）.A.white elephant C.guinea pig B.dark horse D.black sheep 7.The（）that she suggested for discussion were based on the most recent medical research.A.contributions C.expostulations B.occupations D.amendments 8.Rosa used to be quiet and introverted, but now she is（）being sociable.A.looking forward to C.making a point of B.going back on D.standing up to9.Mary broke off her engagement to John when she found him often（）the pretty girls in his office.A.putting up with C.making fun of B.seeing through D.philandering with 10.Instead of ending up in jail or（）, she was remarkably successful and became one of the wealthiest people in Britain today.A.in the rawC.in the extreme B.in the gutterD.in the flesh1.As one of the youngest branch manager in the IT company, Mr.Yang is certainly on the（）of a brilliant career.A.track B.margin C.course D.Threshold2.In（）times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate.A.prime B.primary C.primitive D.Preliminary3.While it’s true that techniques of active listening can（）the value of lecture, few students possess such skills at the beginning of their college careers.A.enhance B.enlarge C.access D.Exaggerate4.In the library, I found Dabbie was frowning, apparently（）a Word.A.tumbled to B.collided with C.coincided with D.stumped on5.Fierce storms have been（）rescue efforts and there’s now little chance of finding more survivors.A.hamperingB.bewilderingC.tanglingD.Blundering6.They didn’t even give him any sick-pay when he was off ill, which is a fairly（）way to treat an employee.A.vulnerable B.makeshift C.shoddy D.Backhanded7.It must be realized that large price increase can only（）demands for even larger wageincrease.A.call off B.trigger off C.make off D.carry off 8.When the old lady was back from shopping, she was shocked to find that her house had been（）.A.pawned B.leased C.ransacked D.Mortgaged 9.Since this was my first job interview, I asked（）about the Salary.A.discouragingly B.diffidently C.differentially D.Diffusely 10.The lost car of the Lees was found（）in the woods off the Highway.A.vanished B.abandoned C.scattered D.DisregardedUnit 6 1.Dissatisfaction with the Labour government now seems to have（）every section of society.A.HeraldedB.permeatedC.ConceivedD.Scrutinized 2.We know these chemicals are dangerous, but their benefits far（）any risk to the environment.A.overtakeB.manipulateC.StockD.Outweigh 3.All previous attempts to（）the fighting have failed so why should these proposals be any more successful?promiseB.haltC.WithstandD.Sustain 4.The president and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a（）for continued economic reform.A.MandateB.assertionC.discourseD.determinism 5.She is not satisfied with her job because it provides no（）for her energies and talents.A.conceptionB.outreachC.OutletD.Essentialism 6.The audience are deeply impressed by the leading character of the feature film that looks()at social problems.A.shiftingB.offeringC.PlyingD.Crushing 7.My second and more（）reason for going toDearborn was to see the Henry Ford pellingB.wearyC.PerplexingD.Worthy 8.Scotland’s（）on Wales in the second half of the match earned them a 4-1 victory.A.impositionB.onslaughtC.pushD.Edge 9.By the time I left his house he had become pretty hostile;I felt I（）better than that.A.pursuedB.fosteredC.EntitledD.Deserved 10.Today almost every household has radios, TVs and a whole（）of gadgets by electricity.A.EndeavorB.hostC.SupplyD.Faculty1.Taking more than the recommended dose of tablets is quite().A.hilarious B.perilous C.surreptitious D.hideous 2.Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the ills that（）men and women.A.beseech B.B.bestow C.bewitch D.Beset 3.The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks — that is ,（）women and men with little or no medical knowledge.A.disreputable B.disguised C.distinguished D.Dissoluble 4.The reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans is that there is a sharp difference in appearance between them and their white().A.consultants B.counterparts C.culprits D.conservatives 5.All the questions（）around what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.A.resolved B.revoked C.revolved D.revived 6.We tried to drive our horse into the river, but he simply could not mother rats().A.trudge B.surge C.budge D.Dredge 7.The experiments（）that in overpopulated communities,do not behavenormally.A.defied B.verified C.purified D.intensified 8.The aim of the president’s speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（）terrorists.A.kidnapped B.harassed C.heckled D.harbored9.In other words, we discovered a（）of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.A.succession B.recession C.procession D.Secession 10.In establishing or（）a causal relation, it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged cause produces the effect.A.reframing B.redeeming C.refuting D.redressingUnit 7 1.We looked out across a river valley to the broad snow-white ridge of Mount Ararat, its peak()against the blue sky.A.galvanizing B.exhilaratingC.incandescentD.Unreachable 2.Would you care for some tea, or even a light meal, to（）yourself before setting off for a new adventure? A.color B.forego C.boost D.Fortify 3.The company she was working for was failing so she decided to（）and set up her own business with a friend.A.deal out B.bail out C.hold out D.fall out 4.Fisher was given a（）in the marketing section before a decision was made about his future.A.tryout B.momentum C.conviction D.Permissiveness 5.This is one of the few jobs you can do in this place and（）being completely drunk.A.contribute to B.get away with C.make for D.try on 6.The lieutenant general has got such an enormous（）—I’ve never known anyone so full of themselves!A.humility B.illusion C.altruism D.Ego 7.Before becoming a（）director, Jason had worked as a film critic for a magazine for a number of years.A.full blown B.lovelorn C.grown up D.Rootless8.According to a survey of 250 high schools, the（）rate among students is currently one in five.A.alteration B.dropoutC.impulseD.denial 9.Please don’t be so depressed;I’m sure things will start to（）for the motor trade in the coming year.A.look up B.dredge up C.take hold D.sell out 10.After a heated debate, the Parliament voted to impose a two-year（）on nuclear weapons testing.A.curfew B.strain C.settlementD.moratorium1.Even in those schools, which have tried to enforce no smoking by（）punishment, there’s as much smoking as in other schools.A.cordial B.contingent C.convertible D.corporal2.People who have such an addiction are（）;i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must pulsory pulsive prehensive D.consistent3.Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less sociable than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more().A.excessive B.equivalent C.equable D.exquisite 4.Jill was seriously injured and for days he（）between life and death.A.hovered B.hewed C.hobbled D.huddled5.Professor Smith has already retired, but his teachings still （）strong influence on his students.A.execute B.forsake C.exert D.forge6.This is but a（）of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.A.friction B.fraction C.faction D.fracture7.The country has been faced with a（）problem of unemployment since the newly-elected President came into power.A.sagging B.jogging C.logging D.nagging8.The English language is capable of expressing many subtle（）of meanings.A.shallows B.sermons C.shades D.shadows9.It’s established that everyone has over a thousand dreams a year, however few of these()productions are remembered during waking hours.A.tacitB.stringentC.nocturnalD.mawkish 10.The belief that you should own your house is deeply（）in British society.A.ingrained B.inflicted C.afflicted D.enraged单选词汇：commitmentscame acrossblessed withsquarelysnapflamboyantglipconverselyrevert towindow imagesymptominnocuouspertinentjeopardizedintimidatedeaves droppedinimicalclandestinedulystringentprecedingenhanceinpu rsuitofintuitionrootedininfatuationbreak owncravingcoynessincumbentransomsanguinephenomenalsilho uette Adamantrepulsebequeathedexoneratedimpassepayworeascribed toqualmsfalls toblack sheepamendmentsmakeing a point ofphilanderingwithinthequtterthresholdprimitiveenhancestump edonhamperingshoddytriggeroffransackeddiffidentlyabandone dpermeatedoutweighhaltmandateoutletplyingcompellingonslau ghtdesrevedhostperilousbesetdisreputablecounterartsresolvedb udgeverifiedharboredsuccessionrefutinggalvanizingfortifybail outtryoutget away withegofull dblowndropoutlook upmoratoriumcorporalcompulsiveequablehoveredexertfraction naggingshadesnocturnalingrained第四篇：研究生综合英语1Cloze翻译Unit 718岁之前，我们的座右铭响亮又清楚：“我必须要脱离我的父母。

2023年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案

1月硕士英语学位考试真题及答案Paper OnePart I ：Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points )Section A (1 point each)1.A: He refuses to help the woman. B: He can’t handle the equipment by himself.C: He thinks some other people can do it better.D; He thinks the equipment is too heavy for the woman.2.A: His colleagues have contributed a lot. B: All of his colleagues congratulated him.C. The award has been given to his colleagues. D He doesn’t deserve the honor.3. A: He dislike Jack’s name. B He doesn’t care who Jack is.C He doesn’t know Jack well.D He dislikes Jack.4. A: The man is cracking a joke on her.B It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for so little money.C The man is out of his mind about the old vase.D The man has run into a great fortune.5. A: He can’t find a good idea about the problem. B He feels hopeless about the project.C He has encountered another problem.D He is going to give up the project.6. A: It is worthwhile. B It has a very tight schedule.C It was a waste of time.D It took him too much time on the road.7. A: It’s useless to talk to the professor. B The professor is often unfair.C The man has done well enough.D The man can’t be better n ext time.8. A The man should not say things like that. B The man should fight back.C The man should show his anger openly.D The man should not complain openly.9. A: She was injured in the shoulder. B She disliked the people who attended the party.C She was laughed at for her behaviour.D She was unpopular at the party.Section B (1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A: Improving the conditions of farm animals. B: Increasing the production of farm animals.C: Regulating the food marketing system.D: Regulating the food stores and restaurant chains.11. A: Because they want to save more money. B: Because they want the hens to lay more eggs.C Because they want the hens to grow more lean meat.D Because they want to sell the hens at a better price.12. A: Chickens should be kept in clean places. B: Pigs should be housed in large metal boxes.C: Farm animals should be slaughtered in factories.D Farm animals should be killed without feeling pain.Mini-talk Two13. A: Under the mountains is the state of Nevada.B: At the power centers in almost forty states.C: Under the deep ocean . D Near the inactive volcanoes.14. A: People object to burying it at the power centers.B: The power centers have no more space to store it.C: It is very dangerous to bury it in populous areas.D: The new site is the estate of the federal government.15. A; There are active volcanoes nearby. B: Some people still live in the area.C: The area is close to Las Vegas. D The area is geographically unsafe.Section C (1 point each)You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions (请在录音结束后把16-20题旳答案抄写在答题纸上.) 16．What percentage of plant and animal species on Earth do rain forests contain?17. What critical role do rain forests play besides being home to animals and plants?18. How much has global output of carbon dioxide increased in the past century?19. To be classified as a rain forest, how should the trees look?20. How large is the size of the rain forest in South America?Part I Vocabulary Section A1.This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseasstudy.A frustratedB formulatedC fabricatedD facilitated2.Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.A agreementB consensus Cpermission D support3. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.A pull outB pull upC pull inD pull over4. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.A detectableB triflingC inexcusableD magnificent5. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.A directB proceedingC verticalD successive6. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.A difficultB sustainableC externalD unpredictable7. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.A restrictB reduceC increaseD stabilize8. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative .A efficientB conventionalC economicalD unique.9. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.A pay offB get offC dispose ofD run off10. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.A brought forwardB brought aboutC brought downD brought inSection B :11. As females in their 40s tend to ____ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.A take onB hold onC carry onD put on12. The shop-owner took a load of ____-crusted bread and handed it to the child.A fragileB crispC vagueD harsh13. The excessive hospitality ____ the local officials failed to leave us assured.A on the point ofB on the grounds ofC on the advice ofD on the part of14.These intelligence officers tried a ___ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.A combinationB collaborationC convictionD confrontation15. The terminally ill patient lying in the ___ care unit was kept alive on life support.A apprehensiveB intensiveC extensiveD comprehensive16. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ____.A ice-breakingB eye-catchingC painstakingD soul-touching17. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ___ brilliant high school students.A intellectuallyB intelligiblyC intelligentlyD intimately18. When a heavy vehicle is ___ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.A involvedB stuckC interferedD specialized19. A risk or effect may diminish ___, but it may also increase for some reason.A at willB over timeC under wayD so far20. It’s in your best ____ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.A sakeB benefitC advantageD interestPart II. Cloze“Techno-stress”----frustration arising from pressure to use new technology----is said to be21 , reports Maclean’s magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 22 “the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 23 of work and home life as a result of 24 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.” How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 25 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 26 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. “ 27 time each day to turn the technology off,” and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 28 attention. “People start the day by making the 29 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of working to a plan,” notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp. “The best hour and a half of the day is spent on complete30 .”21. A descending B narrowing C mounting D widening22. A pass on B range from C deal with D give up23. A confusion B construction C contribution D conduction24. A creations B promotions C productions D innovations25. A laws B boundaries C deadlines D barriers26. A convenience B advantages C flexibility D complexity27. A Put forward B Put across C Put aside D Put up28. A prior B major C senior D superior29. A fragmental B fictional C fractional D fundamental30. A relaxation B entertainment C rubbish D hobbyPart III. Reading ComprehensivePassage OneThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new Industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, andfrost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concern about genetically engineered crops.“In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,”says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.“A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato…” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.31. According to the author, biotech companies are ______A mostly specialized in agriculture.B those producing seeds of better propertiesC mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops.D likely to have big returns in their business.32. Now biotech products are made ____.A within the limits of natural genetics .B by violating laws of natural genetics.C without the interference of humans.D safer than those without the use of biotechnology33. In nature, genetic diversity is created ____A by mixing different speciesB within the species itselfC through natural selectionD through selection or contest34.Biotechnoly has made it possible ____A for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world.B for plants to be produced with genes of humans.C for humans to assume the cold-resistant property.D to grow crops with the taste of farm animals.35. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ____A the species of creatures will be reduced. D we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases.B our living environment will be better than it is now.C humans will pay for its side effect.36. The author’s attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described ____A optimisticB pessimisticC concernedD suspiciousPassage TwoThe practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions duringthis period include French authors V oltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocates the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human right issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoint, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.37. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _________A death penalty had been carried out before government came into being.B people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions.C death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries.D many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel.38. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A People began to criticize their government.B The government was unjust in this period.C People began to realize the value of life.D Social critics were very active at that time.39. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria ____A was the first person to question the rightness of death penalty.B was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment.C was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals.D first raised the theory against capital punishment.40. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ___.A violates human rights regulations.B is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC is just the revenge for terrible crimes.D involves killing without mercy.41. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty _____A agree that it is a human rights issueB agree that it can prevent crimes.C explain its statistical analyses differentlyD think that they are asked different types of questions.42. The author’s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _____A supportiveB criticalC neutralD contradictoryPassage ThreeBears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common----although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.The key to a bear’s surviv al is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its large size. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears----their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltereddens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear’s body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 380C to as low as -30C.43. Most bears live alone because _________A they don’t want to keep a social network.B each bear feeds on different kinds of food.C male and female bears can’t tolerate each other.D they don’t want other bears to share their food.44.According to the passage, bears of the same sex ____A can get along with each other peacefully.B share their range with each other.C live in an area partly shared in common.D can’t li ve peacefully in the same area.45.As is told about bears in the passage, we know that _____A it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees.B a bear can long remember where it has found food.C all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their prey.D all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals.46. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because ____A their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding.B they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season.C they need to convert their fat into energy in winter.D they can’t find enough food in the cold season.47. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that _______A animals in hibernation don’t wake up eas ily.B animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply.C the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn’t change.D animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions.48. The passage is mainly about ___.A the species of bearsB the food category of bearsC the winter sleep of bearsD the behavior of bearsPassage FourThe young man who came to the door--- he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---- didn’t seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one’s early childhood--- a sunlight encountered later only in one’s dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace , and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect ---and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give ---and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow , but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and read more of what I had written, than I had expected , and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversations, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparationsfor dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I don’t know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no ----the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him ---- his worshipers’ joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.49.Which of t he following is the best alternative word for “imposing”?A EnthusiasticB HostileC ImpressiveD Anxious50. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?A TranquilB SolemnC ChaoticD Stressful51.How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?A DelightedB AstonishedC EmbarrassedD Scared52. Which of the following statements is true about the author?A He talked little.B He was puzzledC He enjoyed the conversationD He got more respect than he deserved.53. The man didn’t get deeply involved in any subject because they ____A had little knowledgeB didn’t know one another well.C wanted to relax themselvesD awaited the arrival of someone important54. What can we learn about Elijah?A He was admired by others.B He was very handsome.C He was a man with determinationD He was happy to give speeches.Passage FiveSingapore’s Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond’s tool man, Q.It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $ 5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took just one day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singapore garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substance on contact.Much of the agency’s work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency’s most critical assignments, because Singapore is a nation of 5 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that seems that smallerSingaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.55. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably________A a mechanic in James Bond’s garage.B a fictional Australian with spiky hair.C a director of the Advanced Combat Man SystemD An imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment.56. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA true?A It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.B It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality lab.C It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.D It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.57. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly because ___A it is made of a new material resembling plastics.B it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it.C it has been adapted to the tropical weather there.D its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment.58. Which of the following is Not mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?A Smaller soldiersB Smaller populationC Limited defense budgetD Limited natural resources59. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show ____A what DSTA has done to meet the country’s special needs.B how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be.C why it is difficult for Q to compete with CHoo Hui Weing .D how Singapore’s technology is superior to that of the British.60. The main purpose of the passage is to ____A analyze Singapore’s defense system.B summarize the contributions of DSTA.C introduce the technical advantages of a small country.D describe the roles and achievements of a government agency.Paper Two Part IV TranslationSection AQuitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. Section B人们越来越意识到开发环境保护型产品旳重要性. 为实现长期可持续发展, 发达国家应不惜代价减少温室气体旳排放. 假如目前全球变暖旳速度保持不变, 东京和伦敦等大都市从地球上消失旳也许性将是前旳10倍.Part V Writingwrite a compositions of no less than 150 words under the title of “Knowledge from books and knowledge from experience” . Your composition should be base d on the following outline:1Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. 2．Explain which source is more important?01 参照答案1-10 CDABD, ACCAB, 11-20 DBDAB, DABBD 21-30 CBADB, DCADC31-40 DBBBA, CBCBD, 41-50 CCDDB, DADCA 51-60 DADAD, CBCABTranslation : Section BThere is a growing realization/awareness that developing environment-protecting products really counts. To fulfil the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrese the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago.。

2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题(A卷)

2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:There are30sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.In parts of the Arctic,the land grades into the land-fast ice so_____that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.A.permanentlyB.imperceptiblyC.precariouslyD.relentlessly2.It would have been disingenuous of the candidate to appear_____when her opponent won the election,but she congratulated the victor nonetheless.A.ecstaticB.crestfallenC.indifferentD.disgruntled3.In the midst of so many evasive comments,this forthright statement,whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as_____.A.a paradigmB.a misnomerC.a profundityD.an anomaly4.Ever a demanding reader of the fiction of others,the novelist Chase was likewise often the object of_____analyses by his contemporaries.A.exactingB.copiousC.respectfulD.acerbic5._____this afternoon,the walls would be completely dry by tomorrow evening.A.By painting themB.If they would have been paintedC.Were they to be paintedD.After painting them6.The doctor_____me that discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if I followed his advice.A.ensuredB.assuredC.insuredD.secured7.In Inuit culture,elaborate carving has often been used to enhance_____objects such as harpoon heads and other tools.A.utilitarianB.functionalC.manufacturedD.ornamental8.The author of this study valiantly searches for commonalities among the leaders of social movements but fails:the leaders remain_____group.A.an idiosyncraticB.a heterogeneousC.an inconsequentialD.an unorthodox9.The main thrust of her argument was that wage differences,far from being_____do in fact reflect education,skills,experience,and other factors that make employees more productive.A.rationalB.divergentC.arbitraryD.attributable10.Apparent flaws in the sculptor’s work have not_____its respectful reception by most modern critics.A.determinedB.underminedC.preventedD.overshadowed11.Linda was_____the experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the last minute.A.to startB.to have startedC.to be startingD.to have been starting12.He was here_____the stroke.A.inB.onC.withD.to13.The commission would find itself_____at every turn if its members couldn't reach an agreement.A.collidedB.savagedC.crumbledD.hampered14.Advance in science more often than not encounters powerful opposition,_____Darwin's Theory of Evolution.A.as was the case withB.such as the case ofC.as it did withD.as in the case of15.Legislation has been introduced to simplify trademark registrations and extend the rights they _____.A.conferB.excludeC.allotmend16.The operation could_____her life by two or three years.A.prolongB.increaseC.expandD.continue17.The whole country was in_____over the result of the elections.A.suspensionB.suspenseC.suspendingD.suspender18.The local newspaper has a_____of100,000copies a day.A.spreadB.circulationC.motionD.flow19.Animal-hide shields with wooden frames were once essential items of military equipment, _____warriors against enemy arrows and spears.。

2023年考研英语(一)答案解析

2023年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试英语（一）试题解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】C【解析】后面outside the walls of a city or village表示位置只有located可以后接地址，表示坐落在……地方。

[A]display“展示”；[B]occupied“占据”；[D]equipped“装备”，语义均不正确。

2.【答案】A【解析】此处副词修饰前面的fund,or表示并列，说明空格处所填意思与government正好形成对比。

四个选项中privately“私下”语义合适，是正确选项。

[B]regularly“经常”；[C]respectively“各自”；[D]permanently “永久”，语义均不合适。

3.【答案】D【解析】空后面接了of the Persian word“karvan”和and“seray”,a palace or enclosed building表示是这两个词的结合体词为combination，因此答案为D。

[A]definition“定义”；[B]transition“转变”；[C]substitution “代替”，语义不合适。

4.【答案】C【解析】“这个词也可以用来_____”。

词是用来描述事物的，据此可知，答案应为describe，选C正确。

[A]classify“分类”；[B]record“记录”；[D]connect“连接”，三个选项语义都不合适。

5.【答案】C【解析】空格前面讲到一群人，而空格之后分别提到了三种不同的人。

前面的范围大而抽象，后面的内容小而具体，空格处所填的应该就是表举例关系的词，因此[C]such as是正确答案。

[A]apart from“除……之外”；[B]instead of“而不是”；[D]along with“沿着……”，三个选项的逻辑关系不合适。

6.【答案】A【解析】空格前讲到随着商旅的发展，据此可知驿站应该也需要随之发展，观察四个选项[A]construction “建设”；[B]restoration“恢复”；[C]impression“印象”；[D]evaluation“评估”。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案

2024考研英语（一）真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)There's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you.1the need to be touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in2disabled access to buildings and helping provide general3to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in1960after being invented six years4by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl.They5as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their6have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particulary7in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors8crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.9making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area10by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these11smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to12the way for a large, sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each13specific signals to tell them when to open.14these methods differ,the main15remain the same. Each automatic door system16the light,sound weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to17the different environments they are needed in.18,a busy street migle not19a motion-sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure sensitive mat would be more20to limit the surveyed area.1.A.Through B.Despite C.Besides D.Without2.A.revealing B.demanding C.improving D.tracing3.A.experience B.convenience C.guidance D.reference4.A.previously B.temporarily C.successively D.eventually5.A.held on B.started out C.settled down D.went by6.A.relations B.volumes C.benefits D.sourceseful B.simple C.flexible D.stable8.A.call for B.yield to C.insist on D.act as9.A.As well as B.In terms of C.Thanks to D.Rather than10.A.connected B.shared C.represented D.occupied11.A.allow B.expect C.require D.direct12.A.adopt B.lead C.clear D.change13.A.adapting to B.deriving from C.relying on D.pointing at14.A.Once B.Since C.Unless D.Although15.A.records B.positions C.principles D.reasons16.A.controls B.analyses C.produces D.mixes17.A.decorate pare C.protect plement18.A.In conclusion B.By contrast C.For example D.Above all19.A.identify B.suit C.secure D.include20.A.appropriate B.obvious C.impressive D.delicateSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Nearly2000years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on10tons of weapon-grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by90%between the late1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufactures who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven't changed much.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing I've learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it’s the cheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost-and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap;now they are transforming the global energy system.21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of________.A.saving them for future useB.keeping them from rustingC.letting them grow in valueD.hiding them from the locals22.The example of early17th-century Virginians is used to_____.A.highlight the thriftiness of early American colonistsB.illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that periodC.contrast the attitudes of different civilisations toward nailsD.show the preciousness of nail-making tecnology at that time23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late1700s?A.Increased productivity.B.Wider use of new energies.C.Fiercer market competition.D.Reduced cost of raw materials.24.It can be learned from Paragraph5that nails________.A.have undergone many technological improvementsB.have remained basically the same since Roman timesC.are less studied than other everyday productsD.are one of the world's most significant inventions25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?A.Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.B.Technological innovation is integral to economic success.C.Techconoly defines people's understanding of the world.D.Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.Text2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and“baby-wearing”,in which infants are carried in slings,is considered the norm.According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices,Known as alloparenting,could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery.The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children indifferent school years to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which family broke with evolutionary history. This abrupt shift to an“intensive mothering narrative”,which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful.“Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,“they wrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost halfof a child's care.One previous study looked at the Efe people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of14alloparents a day by the time they were18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which could have a“knock-on”benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers-this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that western“instructive teaching”,where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents“might also enhance their own social development.”26.According to the first two paragraph,alloparenting refers to the practice of_______.A.sharing child care among community membersB.assigning babies to specific adult caregiversC.teaching parenting details to older childrenD.carrying infants around by their parent27.The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate_______.A.an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communicationB.an approach to integrating alloparenting into western cultureC.the conventional parenting style in western cultureD.the differences between western African ways of living28.According to Paragraph4,the“intensive mothering narrative”_________.A.alleviate parenting pressureB.considerate family relationshipsC.results in the child-centered familyD.departs from the course of evolution29.According to paragraph6,what can we learn about nursery in the UK？A.They tend to fall short of official requirements.B.They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.C.They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.D.They should try to prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title？A.Instructive teaching:a dilemma for anxious parentsB.For a happier family,learn from the hunter-gatherersC.Mix-aged playgroup,a better choice for lonely childrenD.Tracing the history of parenting:from Africa to EuropeText3Rutkowski is a Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes.He has made illustrations for games such as Sony’s Horizon Forbidden West, Ubisoft’s Anno,Dungeons&Dragons,and Magic:The Gathering.And he’s become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image AI generation.His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion,which was launched late last month.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in“Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,”and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski’s style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the Internet,often without permission and proper attribution to artists.As a result,they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over10million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski’s name has been used as a prompt around93,000times.Some of the world’s most famous artists,such as Michelangelo,Pablo Picasso,and Leonardo da Vinci, brought up around2,000prompts each or less.Rutkowski’s name also features as a prompt thousands of times in the Discord of another text-to-image generator,Midjourney.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried searching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn’t his."It’s been just a month.What about in a year?I probably won’t be able to find my work out there because[the internet]will be flooded with AI art,”Rutkowski says.“That’s concerning.”“There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,”says Ortiz.The group is in its early days of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.31.What can be learned about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?A.He is enthusiastic about AI generation painting.B.He is popular with the users of an AI art generator.C.He attracts admiration from other illustrators.D.He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that theyck flexibility in responding to promptsB.produce artworks in unpredictable stylesC.make unauthorized use of online the agesD.cdlect user information with that consent.33.After searching online,Rutkowski found____.A.a unique way to reach audiencesB.a new method to identify Al imagesC.AI-generated work bearing hisnareD.heated disputes regarding his cape copyright34.According to Ortiz,Al companies are advised to_____.A.campaign for new policies or regulationsB.offer their services to public institutionsC.strengthen their relationships with Al usersD.adopt a different strategy for Al model training35.What is the text mainly about?A.Artists'responses to Al art generation.B.Al's expanded role in artistic creation.C.Privacy issues in the application of Al.D.Opposing views on AI development.Text4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in an idaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a5-4majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a“continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh oberserved.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay. The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,don’t respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denies under Kavanaugh.EPA?Perhaps some, but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors. And it's a reminder that the EPA’s involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania framers,to use one telling example,aren’t thinking about next year’s blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream.And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offerthem a visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Chester County where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life. It’s worth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in paragraph l as________.A.a valuable natural environmentB.a contoversial conservation areaC.a place with commercial potentialD.a headache for nearby communities37.The U.S.Supreme Court’s ruing in the Idaho caseA.reinforces water pollution controlB.weakens the EPA’s regulatory powerC.will end conflicts among local residentsD.may face opposition from mining operators38.How doesn't the author fell about future of the chesapenke Bay?_______.A.worriedB.PuzzledC.RelievedD.Encouraged39.What can be inferred about the EPA’s involvement in the chesapeake Bay Program?A.It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.B.It has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries.C.It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.D.It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should___.A.be cautious about the influence of landownersB.attach due importance to wetlands protectionsC.recognize the need to expand wildlife refugesD.improve the wellbeing of endangered speciesPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)41.HannahSimply,there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that par t of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride.There is no good rea son that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.They cannot be compared to works of art produced f or sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to place by purchase.42.BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.Perhaps museum s and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means o f resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibit is m ore important to me than whether the object being displayed is2,000years old or2months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery. Again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value of the objects on di splay is a distant second place in importance.43.SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art,I came across a magnificent15th-century Chinese sc ulpture.It inspired me to learn more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museums ha ve the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to learn and understand the nature of their cre ators.Having said that,I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should,i n fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Ste aling artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators.44.VictorAncient art that is displaced in foreign countries should be returned…45.JuliaTo those of you in the comments section,by all means,who are having strong feeling about artifac ts being removed from cities in the US and Britain,I would ask you to consider......A.It's clear that the countries of origin have never been compensated for the stolen architects.B.It's a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of arranging.C.Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts copies after the originals are returned.D.Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authentic objects.E.The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of arranging rather than anywhere else.F.Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful.G.Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return the artifacts of other countries.41-45答案：EDFGBPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)答案（46）它们有时跋涉六十多英里寻找食物或水，并且非常善于寻找其他大象的位置——即使它们不在视线范围内。

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英一答案

12022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案Section IUse of English1.【答案】A. coined2.【答案】C. compared3.【答案】D. Though4.【答案】C. hinted to5.【答案】D. differs6.【答案】B. evidence7.【答案】C. argued8.【答案】B. forming9.【答案】A. analogous10.【答案】D.even11.【答案】C.perspective12.【答案】D.exposing13.【答案】A. However14.【答案】C.Superficial215.【答案】B.level16.【答案】D.added17.【答案】A.chances18.【答案】A.danger19.【答案】D.recognizes20.【答案】B.poorSection IIReading ComprehensionPart AText 121.【答案】[A] maintaining their plastic items22.【答案】[B] improperly shaped23.【答案】[D] prevent them from further damage24.【答案】[D] challenging25.【答案】[B] has profound historical significanceText 226、【答案】C reassess the necessity of college education27、【答案】B the shrinking value of a degree28、【答案】C employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees29、【答案】D further their studies in a specific field30、【答案】A lifelong learning will define themText 331.【答案】B received favorable responses32.【答案】A art can offer audiences easy access to science33.【答案】A their role may be underestimated34.【答案】B It exemplified valuable art-science alliances35.【答案】C should do more than communicating scienceText 436.【答案】D protect the rights of ordinary workers37.【答案】A hinder business development38.【答案】D Dismissing poorly performing managers39.【答案】B Employees suffer from salary cuts40.【答案】C is beneficial to business ownersPart B41【. 答案】Teri Byrd [F] Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals’well-being.42.【答案】Karen R. Sime [C] While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoo play significant role instarting young people sown the path of related sciences.43.【答案】Gerg Newberry [A] Zoos, which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.44.【答案】Dean Galles [D] Zoos have people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.45. 【答案】John Fraser [G] Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.Part C(46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.【参考译文】这也是一场在制定和破坏密码的人之间展开的战争，这甚至对那些熟知这一时期的人来说都是未知的。

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案一

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案一2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题参考答案一、Section I Use of English (10 points)1.B2.A3.B4.D5. C6.B7. D8.B9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D二、Section II Reading prehension (60 points) Part A(40 points)21.D 22.B 23. A 24. C 25.D 26. C 27.C 28.A 29. D 30.B 31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C 36.C 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.APart B (10 points)41. C 42. D 43. A 44. F 45. GPart C (10 points)自从亚里士多德时代以来，寻求普遍原则的探寻便已成为科学事业的特征。

从某些方面而言，这种对共性的追求诠释了科学的内涵。

牛顿的运动定律和达尔文的进化论都是将众多不同现象圈定在一个单一的解释性框架中。

46）物理学中，有一种方法将这种追求一致性的想法推向了极端，并试图找到一种适合宇宙万物的理论，即找到一个放之四海而皆准的方程式。

然而，不甚清楚的是就其所涵盖的方面和领域而言，这种单一理论过于简单化。

尽管如此，追求多样性的统一依然是一个主要目标。

自然科学的这种趋势在社会科学领域早已显而易见。

47）在社会科学中，达尔文主义似乎也提供了正确的解释，因为所有人类都有共同的起源；这样似乎就有理由假设，文化差异亦可追溯到更为一致的开端。

正如各种令人眼花缭乱的人类求偶仪式可能都被认为是性选择，也许世界上的语言、音乐、社会和宗教习俗，甚至历史的形式均具有普遍特征。

48）从共性中找出个性也许能使我们理解，复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，是什么在进化或认知方面指导着这种文化行为。

全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题与答案

考试内容：包括听力、阅读理解、翻译和写作等部分
考试难度：难度适中，注重考查考生的英语综合运用能力
考试特点：注重实际应用能力的考查，如阅读理解部分注重对文章整体理解和细节把握的考查，听力部分注重对听力技巧和语言运用能力的考查
考试建议：建议考生在备考过程中注重英语基础知识的巩固和英语实际应用能力的提高，多进行模拟练习和真题演练
注重基础知识：在复习过程中，注重基础知识的学习和掌握，尤其是词汇和语法知识。
多做模拟试题：通过做模拟试题，了解考试形式和难度，找出自己的薄弱环节，有针对性地进行复习。
保持积极心态：在复习过程中，保持积极的心态，相信自己能够取得好成绩。
知识点梳理与巩固
词汇和语法：重点掌握高频词汇和常用语法结构
考试目的
选拔优秀人才：通过考试选拔具有潜力和才华的考生进入更高层次的教育机构深造
促进教育公平：确保考试内容和标准全国统一，避免地域差异对考生竞争造成不公平现象
推动学科发展：通过考试引导考生深入学习和掌握相关学科知识，促进学科的发展和进步
选拔人才的重要途径：全国硕士研究生入学统考试是选拔优秀人才的重要途径之一，对于个人和国家的未来发展都具有重要意义
模拟试题与答案
模拟试题一
内容：一篇关于环保的文章
题目：阅读理解
答案：根据文章内容，选择最佳答案
分析：对文章进行结构分析，理解文章主旨
模拟试题二
题目内容：阅读理解、完形填空、翻译等
题目难度：与考研英语难度相当
题目数量：100 道左右
题目分值：每道题目分值不同，总分为100分
模拟试题三
阅读理解：提高阅读速度和理解能力，注重文章结构和细节翻译和写作：加强翻译技巧和写作表达能力，注重语言表达的准确性和流畅性听力理解：提高听力速度和理解能力，注重语音和语调的辨识

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

A. explain B. agree C. think D. argue
16.It takes time toreally understandall these facts.
A. ruminate B. realize C. assimilate D. accept
puters can be used tomakelanguage learningeasier.
A. issues B. beliefs C. interests D. basics
3.His plots are alwaቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱs veryingenious.
A. stupid B. smart C. absurd D. consistent
4.In this example 'X'denotesthe time taken and 'Y' the distance covered.
8.Most scientists believe it islegitimateto use animals in medical research.
A. desirable B. reasonable C. legal D. effective
9.He said he was resigning but did notelaborate onhis reasons.
19.Heappendeda glossary to his novelwhere he used an invented language.
A. added B. used C. included D. compiled
11.We did not realize themagnitudeof the problem.
A. essence B. importance C. content D. consequences
12.Sleep has often been thought of as being in some wayanalogousdeath.
1.Please keep your commentspertinentto the topic under discussion.
A. relevant B. conforming C. satisfactory D. direct
2.He was deeply committed to politicaldoctrinesof social equality.
A. represents B. points to C. equals to D. emphasizes
5.He didn't give anadequateanswer to the question.
A. enough B. wise C. prompt D. satisfactory
6.A high proportion of crime in any country isperpetratedby young males in their teens and twenties.
A. explain B. provide C. state D. tell
10.Success in the talks willreinforcehis reputation as an international statesman.
A. establish B. form C. consolidate D. threaten
A. facilitate B. accelerate B. relieve D. alleviate
18.The selection process is based onrigoroustests of competence and experience.
A. serious B. thorough C. difficult D. demanding
14.The director tried to wave aside these issues astrivialdetails that could be settled later.
A. simple B. unimportant C. useless D. inferior
15.Some astronomerscontendthat the universe may be younger than previously thought.
硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题
I. Vocabulary(20 points，1pointeach)
Directions:There are 20 sentences in this part. Each sentence contains a word or phrase which is underlined. Below each sentence are four other expressions. Choose the one which would best keep the meaning of the original,and write down the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
A. committed B. witnessed C. perceived D. restricted
7.Baldwinenlightenedher as to the nature of the experiment.
A. showed B. explained to C. warned D. frightened
A. similar B. close C. identical D. related
13.How much to tell terminally ill patients is left to thediscretionof the doctor.
A. decision B. secrets C. contemplation D. words

硕士学位研究生入学考试试题基础英语A

合集下载

南京航空航天大学考研真题《基础英语》5套2018-2014年

最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及答案

研究生基础综合英语2A_AWeddingGift

2023年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案

2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题(A卷)

2023年考研英语(一)答案解析

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英一答案

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案一

全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题与答案

文档推荐

最新文档

硕士学位研究生入学考试试题基础英语A

合集下载

南京航空航天大学考研真题《基础英语》5套2018-2014年

最新全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及答案

研究生基础综合英语2A_AWeddingGift

2023年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案

2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题(A卷)

2023年考研英语(一)答案解析

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语(一)真题及答案

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英一答案

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案一

全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题与答案

文档推荐

最新文档

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案