非谓语动词解题五要素
非谓语动词解题“五要素”
非谓语动词内容繁多，使用复杂，是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点，也是高考中的必考项目。同学们要想能轻松迎战高考，快速准确地解题，不妨牢记非谓语动词解题“五要素”：“作用——逻辑主语——主被动——时间关系——特殊情况”。在做题过程中通过分析以上五要素而逐步排除干扰项，很快就可以找准答案。此“五要素”的具体内容如下：
1、确定是非谓语动词，判断非谓语动词在句中所起的作用；
2、判断非谓语动词的逻辑主语：作主语补足语，逻辑主语为句子的主语；作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语；作定语，逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词；作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语；作状语，逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。复合结构自带逻辑主语。
3、判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主被动关系。如果是主动关系，非谓语动词是主动式，如果是被动关系，则用被动式。
4、判断非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作所发生的时间关系。如果与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用一般式；如果发生在之前，则用完成式，如果强调正在进行，则用进行时；如果动作在将来发生，则用不定式。
5、特殊情况（包括固定搭配、习语或例外）
典型高考题例：
①The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008. 【06四川】
A. hold
B. holding
C. held
D. to be held
【五要素分析】非谓语动词短语作定语；逻辑主语是“the Olympic Games”；与动词“hold”为被动关系，排除A、B两项；时间关系为将来（2008），排除C项（已经完成），因此正确答案为D，（将举办）。
②Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ____ in your mind instead of before your eyes. 【04全国卷Ⅲ】
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
【五要素分析】非谓语动词作定语，修饰pictures，排除B项；逻辑主语是“pictures”；与动词“form”为主动关系；“form”的动作与“watch TV”同时发生，排除A和D项，正确答案C。
③Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth. 【04天津】
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
【五要素分析】非谓语动词run作leave the water的补足语；逻辑主语是“the water”；与动词“run”为主动关系，排除C项；强调与brush your teeth同时一直发生，排除A项和D项，正确答案B。同时“leave sb./sth doing”为习惯搭配，表示“任其做着某事”。
④—Is Bob still performing?
—I'm afraid not. He is said____ the stage already as he has become an official【05江苏】
A. to have left
B. to leave
C. to have been left
D. to be left
【五要素分析】非谓语动词leave作主语he的补足语；逻辑主语是“he”，与动词“leave”为主动关系，因此可排除C、D两项；根据句意，强调主语“he”在“is said”之前已经离开了舞台，故应该用完成式，可排除B项，正确答案A。
⑤____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 【05湖北】
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
【五要素分析】非谓语动词在句中作状语；逻辑主语是“Australia”，与动词“separate”为被动关系，排除B项；“separate”是主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的原因，发生在之前，所以要用完成式，A、D项可排除，正确答案C。
⑥ _____ automatically the e-mail will be received by all the club members. 【06上海】
A. Mailed out
B. Mailing out
C. To be mailed out
D. Having mailed out
【五要素分析】非谓语动词作方式状语，排除C项（不定式表目的）；逻辑主语“the e-mail”与动词“mail”为被动关系，排除B项和D项，正确答案A。
⑦While watching television, ____.【05全国卷III】
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings 【五要素分析】此题需要逆向思维：根据已知的非谓语动词来判断正确的主句。非谓语动词短语作状语，“watching”的逻辑主语只能是“we”而不可能是“the doorbell”，即可排除A和B项；ring作宾语补足语不能用单数第三人称，正确答案C。
⑧It’s neces sary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help. 【05北京】
A. To have had
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
【五要素分析】非谓语动词在句中作“will be of”的主语，排除C项；该动词在此处表示一种普遍行为，用动名词表示，排除A；A项和B项表示动词已经发生，不合句意，可排除。正确答案D。
⑨After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】
A. to attack; hit
B. to be attacked; to be hit
C. attacking; be hit
D. having been attacked; hit
【五要素分析】特殊情况：“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均表示“记得已经发生过的事”，答案应选D。
⑩— There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
—My goodness! I can’t imagine _________ that old. 【06江苏】
A. to be
B. to have been
C. being
D. having been
【五要素分析】固定搭配：“imagine”后只接动名词作宾语，排除A、B两项；此处非谓语动词表示未发生的动作，故排除D项，正确答案C。
以上高考真题基本上代表了非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。可以看出，并非每道题都要全面考虑以上“五要素”，有时只需考虑一两个要素即可得到答案。我相信，只要同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析，就可以练就一双火眼金睛，那么，再难的考查非谓语动词的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。试一试：
1. ____ of the meeting of the next day, the manager immediately sat down to make some preparations for it.
A. Reminding
B. Reminded
C. Having reminded
D. To be reminded
2. The problem just referred to is ____ at the next meeting.
A. to discuss
B. discussed
C. discussing
D. to be discussed
3. Can you imagine what great difficulty I had ____ the singer?
A. to contact
B. contacted
C. contacting
D. to be contacted
4. It was ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. we being late
B. our being late
C. we were too late
D. because we were late
5. This method, ____ in some areas near Hangzhou, ____ in a marked rise in total production.
A. tried; resulted
B. trying; resulting
C. trying; resulted
D. tried; resulting
6. With a lot of difficult problems ____, the manager felt worried all the time.
A. being settled
B. settling
C. settled
D. to settle
7. ____ good, the food was soon sold out.
A. Tasting
B. Tasted
C. Being tasted
D. Having tasted
8. From the dates ____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking
B. marked
C. to be marked
D. having been marked
