2018版高考英语一轮总复习高考AB卷 分类试题：专题1 名词和冠词 含解析

专题1 冠词和名词1.（2023年全国甲卷）However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.2.（2023年全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomesthe fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.3.（2023年全国乙卷改错）Mom was sure same color would look great on her.4.（2023年新高考I卷）The meat should be fresh with ______ touch of sweetness andthe soup hot, clear and delicious.5.（2023年新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the ________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.6. （2023年新高考II卷）Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.7.（2023年新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give ________ (interview) in Englishwith international journalists.8.（2023年浙江卷1月）In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented bythe Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.9.（2023年浙江卷1月）Thanks to Beijing’s long histo ry as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event).冠词1.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.2．（2022全国甲卷）____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companionduring the trip.3.（2022全国乙卷）To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.4.（2022年浙江 1月真题）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invitedher to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.5.（2021新课标I卷）While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit!6.（2021全国甲卷）It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall.7.（2021全国乙卷）Due to ___________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.8.（2021浙江卷）____________Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.9.（2020新课标II卷）The plum trees are ___________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).10.（2020浙江卷）Then，with ___________ rise of science，changes began.11.（2020年浙江 1月）A child born in the US today has _________very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.12.（2019新课标I卷）Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.13.（2019新课标II卷）When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was _______joke.14.（2019浙江卷）Everybody wears ___________ same style of clothes.15.（2018新课标II卷）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.16.（2018新课标III卷）Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.名词1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas,2.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).3.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the large st tea-producing country, China has a ___ ___(responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.4.（2022年浙江1月真题）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________ （invite）.5.（2021新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________（human） are.6.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.7.（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people8.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop)of the local areas.9.（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)10.（2021北京卷）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse________(idea)．11.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ （marry）ceremony in 1842.12（2021浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a ____38____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.13.（2020新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists14.（2020新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.15.（2020新课标III卷）Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.16.（2020年北京卷）Now, lots of___ __(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.17.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the __________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.18.（2020浙江卷1月）For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.19.（2019新课标I卷） Leading to a ________ (believe) that populations are increasing.20.（2019新课标III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________ (compete)to watch, together with the story behind it. 21.（2019浙江卷）Other American studies showed no __________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.22.（2019北京卷）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various __________(activity) on Earth Day.23.（2018新课标I卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___________（cause）.24.（2018新课标II卷）This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.25.（2018新课标III卷） I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.26.（2018浙江卷）Making Chinese __________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.27.（2018浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _________(weigh) problems.28. （2020山东卷）Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.。

2018高考英语语法专题练习冠词（含答案和解析）冠词是高考英语中的必考知识点，体现在语法填空和单项选择这两大题型中。

正确掌握冠词的用法非常重要，今天，我们讲练结合，说一说冠词的用法。

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1．(2016·汉中市二模)Have__a__good time!解析：考查冠词。

have a good time玩得开心。

2．(2014·天津，8改编)Life is like __an__ ocean: Only __the__strong－willed can reach the other shore.解析：第一个空表示泛指，且ocean以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an；形容词前用定冠词表示一类人，thestrong－willed意为“意志坚强的人”。

3．(2014·重庆，6改编)I can't tell you __the__ way to the Wilson's because we don't have __a__ Wilson here in the village.解析：way后有介词短语作定语，表特指，所以第一空填定冠词the；泛指“一个名叫Wilson的人”，第二空填不定冠词a。

4．(2014·陕西，19改编)__The__ village where I was born has grown into __a__ town.解析：village后有定语从句修饰，是特指，故第一空填定冠词；泛指“一座城镇”，故第二空填不定冠词a。

5．(2016·大庆市一模)Every time therewas__an__outbreak，a great number of terrified people died.解析：there was＋可数名词单数，且“outbreak”以元音音素开头，故用an。

6．__The__ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.解析：句意为：市长来我们学校参观的新闻昨天通过收音机发布了。

近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。

其命题趋势仍将是:在不同语言环境中去识别词义,进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。

因此，考生不仅要弄清词义,而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现.建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。

冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。

主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上,在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

热点题型一名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers。

A。

the; the B. an；theC。

an；不填D。

the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1．可数名词的复数（1）可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x,ch，sh，在词尾加­esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加.esstudy→studies（3）以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为.vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加.spiano→pianos（5)单、复数同形sheep；deer（6）单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂);means（方法)有一些例外情况：（1)巧记以o结尾加­es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯.（即Negro，hero，tomato和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s:海湾（gulf)里的首领(chief）只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱（safe）里的证据(proof）.2．不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如果需要表示量,通常要用“a＋表量的概念的名词＋of＋名词”来表示，其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式a piece of paper一张纸；several pieces of information 几条信息。

专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place【答案】A【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力.四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配.考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案.2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.A. emotionB. talentC. identityD. treasure【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份.A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”.故选C项.【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity （掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案.3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.A. thoughtB. supportC. protectionD. authority【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我.A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局.这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A.【考点定位】考查名词辨析【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析.该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑.根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知，现在不急着告诉“我”答案，由此可知是让对方再想想.4.【2015·江苏】35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .A. requestsB. excusesC. apologiesD. regrets 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉.—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意.A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”.故选C项.【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力.语境较为简单，考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案.因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果.5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A. judgmentsB. adjustmentsC. commentsD. achievements 【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整.A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”.故选B项.【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力.四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配.因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词.另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力.comments on“对……做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围.6.【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A. blowB. issueC. excuseD. Factor【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素.该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情.故选A 【考点定位】考查名词辨析.【名师点睛】名词也是高考英语复习的重点.对名词的考点无处不在，尤其是在阅读写作的过程中，考生对于名词的熟悉程度对于成绩是有很大影响的，要加强词汇、短语的记忆，要避免单纯地死记硬背，应注意结合语境，在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配，总结规律，并根据自己的记忆特点，选择科学的记忆方法.记忆单词应和阅读结合起来，把单词融入句子中和语境中，利用上下文来帮助记忆.7.【2015·湖南】27. It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take 【答案】A【解析】试题分析：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系.根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式.句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要.【考点定位】考查主谓一致原则【名师点睛】本题旨在考查主谓一致原则，要求学生掌握这一原则和用法，确定句子主语的单复数，不要受其他干扰项干扰而答错.主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致.2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致. 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数. 4）就远原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于离它最远的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数.8.【2015·陕西】14. more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.A. The ; theB. A; aC. The ; aD. A; the【答案】A【考点定位】考查冠词【名师点睛】冠词的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指.另外要注意冠词的一些固定搭配中冠词的使用.这里用的是：the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓的句型，学生在平时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型.9.【2015·四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.A. aB. anC. theD.不填【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查冠词.本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像…那样的人.故选择A，句意为：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才.【考点定位】考查冠词【名师点睛】考查冠词.冠词是高考英语中的难点和重点，考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻.本题中首先根据Beethoven排除选项B，因为不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前.通常情况下人名前是不加冠词的，但是如果指一个像某个名人的人时，在这个人名前加不定冠词.10.【2015·浙江】2. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s bookfor many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a;不填B. the;theC. 不填;theD. a;the【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了.第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍.定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指.选D.【考点定位】考查冠词的使用【名师点睛】冠词的考查一直以来是一个易错点，虽然冠词只有3个(a , an, the) 但是麻雀虽小五脏俱全，考查起来往往会弄错.名词第一次出现或泛指时，冠词用a/an，，但名词的首字母是（A、E、I、O、U）发音时，用an, 如：apple, English, important, operation, unusual,特殊的有umbrella, hour, honest用an, university, unique, usual 用 a.名词第二次出现用the；①强调特指时用the；②the + 最高级，③ the + 形容词（rich 【富人】, poor【穷人】, wounded【伤者】, dead【死者】, elderly【长者】）表某一类人④the+比较级（the more .. the better）⑤the +序数词（表顺序）序数词（表“又，再”），⑥固定搭配 (in the way 挡道)另外也需要注意零冠词的情况.零冠词用法归纳：独一职位在某地，用作表/补/同位语；独立主格作状语，用by短语表方式；man字一词指人类，对比含义两名词；系词turn+名单数，街/路/期刊与杂志；具体意义变抽象，as/though之倒装句；人名/地名/国一词，抽象/物质不特指；桥名/单岛/单山峰，一专加一普专用词；月份/星期/节假日，学科/语言/称呼语；颜色/病名/五感觉，棋类/球类/三餐词；复数名词系泛指，固定词组惯用语；以上情况请记住，其前均用零冠词.11.【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talkabout feeling with someone you trust.A. productionB. stressC. energyD. passive【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法.A. production意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量.此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义.根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压.所以答案是B. stress意为压力.【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析【名师点睛】对于名词的考查，通常是以单项选择或词语运用形式考查名词词义及其用法，以及学生在具体语言环境中灵活运用名词的能力.在名词的用法方面，有可能是与固定搭配有关，也有可能根据语意.需要学生平时记忆常见名词的意思及相关用法.12.【2015·重庆】3. I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.A.the; /B. a; /C. the; aD. a; the 【答案】C【考点定位】考查冠词.【名师点睛】冠词的运用要把握 a 一般表示泛指某一类人或物，意为“任何一个，任一” .the 表示表示特指，或有某类型的修饰.定冠词的用法口诀，特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器要牢记对于做题非常有帮助.。