下载文档原格式
2021年中考英语复习考点归纳（8A Unit8）高频词汇考点1 shake n. 摇动，震动(教材P94 Reading)[知识精讲] 1. shake作名词时是可数名词，通常用单数形式。
如:Give the bottle a good shake before opening it.打开瓶子前，先好好摇一摇。
2. shake还可以用作及物动词或不及物动词，过去式和过去分词分别是shook和shaken。
如:shake hands with sb.与某人握手shake one's head摇头3. shaking作名词时，是不可数名词，不能和不定冠词连用。
如:Stay in the open air until the shaking stops.待在户外直到震动停止。
考点2direction n.方向(教材P94 Reading)[知识精讲] direction是名词，意为“方向”；direct作动词时，意为“指导”；作形容词时，意为“直接的”；director是名词，意为“导演”；directly是副词，意为“直接地”。
in all directions=in every direction四面八方；向各个方向She has a poor sense of direction.她方向感差。
Not all the projects are the ones I direct by myself.不是所有项目都由我自己指导。
Tom wants to be a director in the future.汤姆将来想当一名导演。
考点3 come down崩塌，坍塌(教材94 Reading)[知识精讲] come down是不及物动词短语，其后不能跟名词。
came down还可意为“落下”。
come还可构成如下短语:come from来自come in进来come into one's mind想起come over过来come out出现;；出版come true实现come up to达到，come up with想出；提出考点4silent adj.寂静的(教材P94 Reading)[知识精讲] silent多指不讲话，其名词形式为。
初二英语过去进行时人教版（新目标）【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：过去进行时二. 教学过程：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
（一）构成：主语+was/ were+ v.-ing（二）标志词：过去进行时常和下列表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间的时间状语连用：then, at that time, this time yesterday, all night, at 6:00 yesterday, all the morning, from 8:00 to 10:00 yesterday等。
ex: He was running down the street then /at that time.I was cooking this time yesterday.They were working all night /all day.You were reading from 8:00 to 10:00 this morning.（三）句型结构：1. 肯定句：We were having class this time yesterday.2. 否定句：We ______ having class this time yesterday.3. 一般疑问句：——______ you ______ class this time yesterday?——Yes, we ______.No, we ______.4. 特殊疑问句：______ we you ______ this time yesterday?（四）现在进行时，过去进行时，一般过去时的用法区别：1. 现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。
其构成形式为：主语+am/ is /are +v.-ing(现在分词)I’m reading a book now.What is he doing at the moment?They are listening to music.2. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。
Unit 8 Natural disasters一、过去进行时1.定义过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一段时问一直在进行的动作。
如：I was doing my homework at 8 P.m.1ast night. 昨晚8点我正在做家庭作业。
What were you doing last month?上个月你一直在做什么?2.构成过去进行时由‘‘助动词be的过去式was／were+现在分词”构成。
如：The boy was cleaning the house.那个男孩正在打扫房子。
They were playing football at four yesterday afternoon.昨天下午四点他们在踢足球。
3.句式变化(1)一般疑问句及回答变成一般疑问句时应将was或were移到句首。
如：Was it raining at 6 0’clock this morning? 今天早上六点钟天正在下雨吗?Yes, it was.／No, it wasn’t.是的。
／不是。
Were they building a dam last winter? 去年冬天他们在建大坝吗?Yes, they were.／No, they weren’t. 是的，他们在建。
／不，他们没有。
(2)否定句肯定句变成否定句时在was／were后加not，was not常缩写为wasn’t，were not常缩写为weren’t。
如：My brother was not／wasn’t playing computer game last night.昨天晚上我弟弟不在玩电脑游戏。
We were not／weren’t shopping at th is time yesterday.昨天这个时候我们不在购物。
4.用法(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
动作发生的特定时间常用一个时间短语或时间状语从句来表明。
牛津译林英语8年级上册Unit8 语法专题八：the past continuous tense & while, when and as一、语法知识要点：1. 过去进行时主要表示：￭在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作(a）They were eating breakfast at 7:00 am yesterday.(b) I was writing a letter at this time yesterday.(c) I was sleeping when the earthquake started.(d) What were they doing at that time last week?￭在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作(a) From 1983 to 1998, he was teaching at Yale.(b) They were building a dam last winter.(c) What were you doing between 7 o’clock and 9 o’clock yesterday?2. 过去进行时的句式(1) 基本结构：was / were + verb-ingI was doing some shopping.People were running wildly.(2) 否定式：was / were not + verb-ingI was not reading.People were not running wildly.(3) 疑问句：将was / were 调到主语前Was he running? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.Were they running? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.3. 连词while, when and as 与过去进行时1) when, while 和as 这三个词都有“当……时候”的意思。
仁爱八年级过去进行时用法精讲及其练习一、构成：1) 肯定形式：S +was/were+动词的现在分词v.ing.2) 否定形式：S + was/were+ not+动词现在分词v.ing.3) 疑问形式：Was/Were +S+动词现在分词v.ing.二、用法：1）表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。
常和表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等连用，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。
如：---What were you doing at nine last night?---I was watching TV at that time.He was reading when I came in.2)在when, while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用：.动作持续时间长，用过去进行时，持续时间短，用一般过去时c.动作不分长短，同时使用过去进行时，此时时间状语一般用while引导。
The students were reading books, when the teacher came in.My mum called when I was doing my homework.I was singing while Xiaohong was dancing.一、单选1 What ______ from three to four yesterday afternoon?A have you doneB had you doneC did you doD were you doing2 – I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.- Oh., I’m sorry I _____ dinner at my friend’s home.A homeB hadC was havingD have had3 My mother _____ while my father _____TV.A cooked; was watchingB was cooking; was watchingC was cooked; watchedD cooked; watched4 When I got home, my son _____ the music.A am listening toB listened toC was listening toD was listening5 We heard a cry when we ______ TV last night.A were watchingB would watchC watchD watched6 10 Nobody noticed what she ______ at the moment.A will doB was doingC has doneD had done7 Was it raining hard when you _____ this morning?A leftB leavesC was leavingD would leave8 The teacher ______ when I came into the classroom.A is drawingB drawsC has drawnD was drawing9 The pizza ______ by my mother. Would you like to have some?A makesB was makingC madeD was made二、填空1 ______ they______ (feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?2 Mrs. Green _____ _____ (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday.3 Grandpa ______ ______ (mend) his clock when I reached home.4 As I _____ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games.。
Unit 8 Natural disasters一、过去进行时1.定义过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一段时问一直在进行的动作。
如：I was doing my homework at 8 P.m.1ast night. 昨晚8点我正在做家庭作业。
What were you doing last month?上个月你一直在做什么?2.构成过去进行时由‘‘助动词be的过去式was／were+现在分词”构成。
如：The boy was cleaning the house.那个男孩正在打扫房子。
They were playing football at four yesterday afternoon.昨天下午四点他们在踢足球。
3.句式变化(1)一般疑问句及回答变成一般疑问句时应将was或were移到句首。
如：Was it raining at 6 0’clock this morning? 今天早上六点钟天正在下雨吗?Yes, it was.／No, it wasn’t.是的。
／不是。
Were they building a dam last winter? 去年冬天他们在建大坝吗?Yes, they were.／No, they weren’t. 是的，他们在建。
／不，他们没有。
(2)否定句肯定句变成否定句时在was／were后加not，was not常缩写为wasn’t，were not常缩写为weren’t。
如：My brother was not／wasn’t playing computer game last night.昨天晚上我弟弟不在玩电脑游戏。
We were not／weren’t shopping at th is time yesterday.昨天这个时候我们不在购物。
4.用法(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
动作发生的特定时间常用一个时间短语或时间状语从句来表明。
人教版八年级上册英语Unit 8 知识点语法归纳总结一、过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）过去进行时用于表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。
1. 构成肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词的ing形式否定句：主语 + was/were not + 动词的ing形式一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词的ing形式？肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.2. 使用场景过去进行时常用于以下场景：- 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作- She was cooking dinner when I arrived. （我到达的时候，她正在做晚饭。
）- 表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作- They were playing basketball all afternoon. （他们整个下午都在打篮球。
）- 表示过去两个同时进行的动作- While he was studying, I was watching TV. （他在研究的时候，我正在看电视。
）二、过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）过去完成时用于表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或状态。
1. 构成肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词否定句：主语 + hadn't + 过去分词一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn't.2. 使用场景过去完成时常用于以下场景：- 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作- They had already left when I arrived. （当我到达时，他们已经离开了。
）- 表示过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作- She had finished her homework before dinner. （她在晚饭之前已经完成了作业。
牛津英语8A Unit8 Grammar 专项讲解一、定义过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
二、结构was/were +doing (现在分词）2.1 过去进行时的构成肯定句：主语+ was/were + 现在分词...否定句：主语+ was/were + not + 现在分词...疑问句：Was/Were + 主语+ 现在分词...?疑问代词/疑问副词+ was/were + 主语+ 现在分词...?2.2 过去进行时的肯定句句型：主语+ was/were + 现在分词...过去进行时的构成方式：All the pupils were writing their homework in the classroom then.那时，所有的小学生都在教室里写作业。
By the time we got there，it was already getting dark.等我们赶到那里时，天已经黑下来了。
2.3 过去进行时的否定句句型：主语+ was/were + not + 现在分词...过去进行时的否定句是在助动词was/were后加not，后接现在分词：They were not playing basketball，but playing volleyball.他们不是在打篮球，而是打排球。
2.4 过去进行时的一般疑问句句型：Was/Were + 主语+ 现在分词...?回答方式：Yes，主语+ was/were...No，主语+ was/were + not...过去进行时的一般疑问句是将助动词was/were置于主语之前（大写was/were的第一个字母），在句尾加问号；这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序：Were you having dinner when they came? —Yes，we were./No，we weren't.他们来的时候，你们是否在吃饭? ——是的，在吃饭。
新版牛津版 8上 Unit 8 语法知识点讲解与练习一、知识点1.rain的用法a.Rain作为动词，意为下雨，降雨。
It was raining hard when I got home yesterday evening.b.Rain作为名词，意为雨，大雨。
Don’t go out in the rain.新| 课 |标|第 | 一| 网c.Rainy是形容词，意为有雨的，下雨的。
Spring is a rainy season in this country.2.all的用法a. 副词，意为完全地，十分地。
Eg: He is all wrong.b. 形容词，意为一切的，所有的，全部的。
Eg: All the students in our school are friendly to us.c. 代词，意为一切，全部，后接复数动词，表示全体，大家。
All goes well.3. final: a. 用作名词，意为决赛。
Our school football team goes to the final.b. 用作形容词，意为最后的。
I didn’t read the final chapter of the book.4. thousands of people成千上万的人hundred of, millions of如果hundred, thousand, million等前面加具体数字时，不可以用复数，也不可以和of连用。
5.wash away把…冲走wash off 使某物被冲洗走wash out 洗干净，洗掉wash up洗去，把…冲上岸6. hear of听说hear from sb.收到某人的来信7. like与as的区别Like与as都表示“像…”，但like是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不可接从句；而as为连词，后接从句。
Like every other students, Tom is bad at grammar.When in Rome, do as the Romans do. X|k | B | 1 . c |O |m8.in fear在恐惧中in surprise惊讶地in danger处于危险中in a hurry匆忙地in poor health 健康欠佳9.try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做某事= do one’s best to do sth.Try doing sth. 设法、试图做某事10.in all directions = in every direction 向四面八方direction作名词，还可意为指示，说明3.Not…at all一点也不，根本Not at all 不用谢4.Since, as, because三个词都表示因为，引导原因状语从句。
过去进行时态讲解和巩固练习一、含义：①过去某个时间正在发生的动作例：He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。
②过去某段时间正在发生的动作例：I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。
二、标志词at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday /或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示三、构成过去进行时的构成：was\were +现在分词四、运用 1、过去进行时的四个基本句型肯定句 He was cooking at six last night. 否定句 He was not cooking at six last night. 一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night? 回答 Yes ,he was. No, he wasn’t.特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night?2、过去进行时的固定句型Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。
Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。
Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。
3、请比较He watched TV last night. （过去时间last night, 用一般过去时）He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时)4、中考连接①—“ What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ”—“ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact（实际上）, I _____________ （think of）my friends back home. ”②.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he ______________(do)his homework carefully.③. --- I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.--- Sorry, I _____ with my friends at that time. [2011河南]A. swimmedB. swamC. will swimD. was swimming④. --- Amy, I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered the phone.--- Oh, I ____ a walk with my mother at that time. [2011宁波]A. takeB. tookC. am takingD. was taking巩固练习一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Now Jim’s sister __________________(read) newspapers.2. He __________________(watch)TV at nine last night.3. He __________________(watch)TV last night.4. What __________________the twins ________________(do) then?5. ________Lily ______________(draw) a cat when the teacher came in ?------No, she _________6. __________________you __________________(have) supper at that time?7. Jack __________________(not read) a book at nine yesterday evening.8. Now Jim __________________(play) basketball on the playground（操场）.9. What ___________________ he ___________________ (do) at nine o’clock last night.10.They ___________________ (listen) to the music at that time.11. When the teacher came in, the students ___________________ (read) the text.12. We ___________________ (watch) TV when suddenly the telephone rang.13. Her mother ____________(cook) while her father was watching TV.二、改错：每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1. Linda was write carefully at nine last night.2. Tomorrow they were swimming in a river.3. At that time, she listening to the radio.4. Jim and I was playing when he came in.5. I was studiing English when he knocked at the door.6. Were you cooking a meal? ------Yes, I were.7. I weren’t doing my homework while Jim was listening to the radio.8. The students were put the apples in the box then.三、按要求句型转换：Mary was riding a bike at that time.•否定句：__________________________________•一般疑问句：______________________________•两回答：__________________________________•特殊疑问句：______________________________。
初二英语一对一辅导讲义一．过去进行时过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作.可以从两个方面来理解：1。
过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。
Eg．1）They were playing football at ten o'clock yesterday morning．2）。
My mother was cooking when I got home．3）。
I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday．2. 过去某阶段持续进行的动作What were you doing during the holiday?另外,在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e．g．Jenny was reading while Danny was writing．其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were ＋v－ing．其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章.E．g．We were working in class．We weren't working in class．Were you working in class?过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用,如last night，at that time，at noon yesterday, last Sunday this time yesterday等。
也有时没有时间状语,要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时Eg．The students all worked hard．Everyone knew what he was working for．做题时常见错误如下:一、易把be＋现在分词记成be＋过去分词例：He was talked （talk）to his mum at that time．答案:was talking解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上.二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例:1 I watching （watch) TV when he came in．2 They were play （play）games at 5:00 p．m．yesterday．答案：1 was watching 2 were playing解析：现在进行时中“be＋现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时.三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：We were flying kites at 5：00 p．m．yesterday．（对划线部分提问）What were you at 5：00 p．m．yesterday？答案：What were you doing at 5：00 p．m．yesterday？解析：现在进行时中“What……doing……”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。
四、易与现在进行时弄混例:My mother is cooking （cook）when I got home．答案：was cooking解析:这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在,而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去.五、易与一般过去时弄混例：昨晚我在读一本故事书.I read （read) a story book yesterday evening．答案:was reading解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。
但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成.“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening．”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。
故用过去进行时。
另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时.e．g．He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday．二．when while as的用法一）、根据从句动作的持续性来区分1、“主短从长”型：即主句是一个短暂性动作，而从句是一个持续性动作，此时三者都可用.如:Jim hurt his arm while［when, as] he was playing tennis。
吉姆打网球时把手臂扭伤了。
2、“主长从长"型：即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间,此时通常要用while。
I always listen to the radio while I’m driving. 我总是一边开车一边听收音机。
He didn't ask me in；he kept me standing at the door while he read the message. 他没有让我进去，他只顾看那张条子,让我站在门口等着.但是,若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边”之意时，则习惯上要用as.如：He swung his arms as he walked。
他走路时摆动着手臂。
3、“主长从短”型：即主句是一个持续性动作，而从句是一个短暂性动作，此时可以用as或when，但不能用while。
如：It was raining hard when ［as］we arrived。
我们到达时正下着大雨。
二、根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分1、若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“一……就”的意思，英语一般要用as （也可用when).如：The ice cracked as ［when] I stepped onto it。
我一踩冰就裂了。
2、若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“刚要……就”“正要……却”的意思，英语一般要用as（也可用when），且此时通常连用副词just。
如：I caught him just when [as］he was leaving the building. 他正要离开大楼的时候,我把他截住了。
三、根据是否具有伴随变化来区分若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化，有类似汉语“随着”的意思，英语习惯上要用as，而不用when或while。
如：The room grew colder as the fire burnt down。
随着炉火逐渐减弱，房间越来越冷。
注:若不是引导从句，而是引出一个短语,则用with，不用as。
如：With winter coming on，it’s time to buy warm clothes。
随着冬天到来，该买暖和衣裳了。
四、根据从句动作的规律性来区分若暗示一种规律性，表示“每当……的时候”,英语一般要用when。
如：It’s cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷.五、根据主从句动作的先后顺序来区分若主句与从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时，一般要用when。
如：When he arrives he’ll tell us all about the match. 等他到了,他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛的情况.六、根据是否具有“趁机”意味来区分1、若从句所表示的“当……的时候”具有“趁机”的意味，则通常用while.如: Strike while the iron is hot。
趁热打铁。
七、根据是否用作并列连词来区分when可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”“却”（表示对比）；但as则没有类似用法。
如：I was just about to go to bed when I heard a knock on the door. 我正要睡觉，听见有人敲门。
One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains。
八、根据所引出的省略句来区分1、as和when之后均可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句；但是while一般不这样用.如：As ［When] a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。
2、when和while之后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句，但as 一般不这样用。
如:When ［While] reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。
二自主训练:（一）、单选1．What ______ from three to four yesterday afternoon？A have you doneB had you doneC did you doD were you doing2．– I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer．－Oh．，I’m sorry I _____ dinner at my friend’s home．A homeB hadC was havingD have had3．My mother _____ while my father _____TV．A cooked；was watchingB was cooking；was watchingC was cooked; watchedD cooked; watched4 .When I got home，my son _____ the music．A am listening toB listened toC was listening toD was listening5 .We heard a cry when we ______ TV last night．A were watchingB would watchC watchD watched6。
She asked him whether he _____ back for lunch．A comeB was comingC cameD had come7. Could you tell me when ______?A she is comingB she was comingC will be comeD is he coming8 。
The teacher ______ when I came into the classroom．A is drawingB drawsC has drawnD was drawing9 The pizza ______ by my mother．Would you like to have some?A makesB was makingC madeD was made10 Nobody noticed what she ______ at the moment．A will doB was doingC has doneD had done11 Was it raining hard when you _____ this morning？A leftB leavesC was leavingD would leave参考答案:1 D 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 D 10 B 11 A(二）、填空1 ______ they______ (feed）the animals at 5：00 yesterday afternoon？2 Mrs．Green _____ _____ （not wash）clothes at this time yesterday．3 Grandpa ______ ______ （mend）his clock when I reached home．4 As I _____ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games．参考答案：1 were feeding 2 wasn’t washing 3 was mending 4 was walking一．用所给动词正确行使填空1. I _____ (have）my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ____(do）the same thing.3。
