现代大学英语5 lesson12

英语专业精读授课教案（第五册）Lesson One Where Do We Go from HereTeaching aims: 1. fully understand the article2. grasp the rhetorical device in the textTeaching difficulties: how to identify the rhetorical device in the sentence and understand theimplication for some sentencesTime distribution: eight periodsTeaching method: students-centeredTeaching procedures:I. Background information:The 1960s were turbulent times for the United States. The anti-war movement, the Civil Right movement, the counter-culture movement, the feminist movement were all unfolding in this period of time. The civil Rights movement was a major movement which began with the Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 and the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955. Martin Luther King jr. (1929-1968), as a key leader of the movement, played a significant and irreplaceable role. His name is associated with the march on Washington in 1963 and his famous speech “ I have a dream”, delivered in front of the Lincoln Memorial. He was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. this speech, delivered in 1967, in more on the side of reasoning and persuasion and less on emotional appeal. Thus his analysis of riots and revolution in the united states in his speech is sound and convincing. On the night of April4. 1968, King was shot dead, as he stood o the balcony of his hotel in Memphis, Tennessee.Part II. Details studies of the textPart III. Structure of the text:Part i. Para. 1—2 Martin Luther King link the theme of the speech with the question of "Where we are now". That is, in order to know where we go from here we must first recognize where we are now. Without knowing our present situation, how can we design a policy for the future?Part ii Para. 3--5 This is a transitional paragraph to call for all the African-American must “rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood”.Part iii (Para. 6--9) In this part the author puts forward the second task: how to organize the strength of the Negro in terms of economic and political power. Then the author goes on to define power and points out the consequence of the misinterpretation of power.Part iv (Paras.10--15) This part deals with economic security for the Negro Americans. The speaker advocates guaranteed annual income which he thinks is possible and achievable. He also deals on the advantages of this security.Part v (paras. 16—20) In this part, Martin reaffirms his commitment to nonviolence. He explains why he thinks violence is no solution to racial discrimination. He refutes the idea of Black revolution.Part vi (para 21—25) In this part, Dr. King raises a fundamental question—the restructuring of the whole of American society. He points out that the problem of racism. The problem of economic exploitation and the problem of war are tied together. They are the triple evils of the society.Part vii. (para 26—28) This part serves as the concluding remark for the speech: we shall overcome.Lesson Two Two KindsTeaching aims: 1. fully understand the article2. present their viewpoint on generation gapTeaching difficulties: how to identify the development of a storyTime distribution: eight periodsTeaching method: students-centeredTeaching procedures:Part I. Background information:The Joy Luck Club, from which “Two Kinds” is taken, explores conflicts between two generations and two different cultures. Set in China and in the United States, the novel is woven by stories of four Chinese mothers and their four daughters. Four Chinese women, who have just arrived in the United States and who are drawn together by the shadow of their past—meet in San Francisco to play mah-jongg, eat dim sum and tell stories. They call their gatherings the Joy Luck Club. While they place high hopes on their daughters, the youger generation think of themselves as Americans and resist their mothers’ attempts to change them into obedient Chinese daughters. Only after theyhave grown up and become more mature do they realize that the legacy left by their mothers is an important part of their lives, too. The noivel stayed on the best-selling book list of The New York Times for 9 months. A finalist for the national Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award, it has been translated into about 20 languages and made into a Hollywood movie.Part II. Detailed Study of the TextPart III. The Structure of the text:Part i (paras.1—3) the beginning part of the story provides the reader with some background information. It tells about the mother and her hopes for her daughter. This paves the way ofr the development of the conflict between the daughter and the mother.Part ii(paras.4—11)this part is about the mother’s unsuccessful attempt to change her daughter into a Chinese Shirley Temple. In the beginning the child was as excited as the mother about becoming a prodigy. At this point, the conflict between mother and daughter was not visible.Part iii(paras12—20) in this part we learn that the mother was trying very hard to train her daughter to be a genius. As the tests got more and more difficult, the daughter lost heart. She decided that she would not let her mother change her. This change of attitudes would lead to the gradual development of the conflict.Part iv (paras 21—28) while watching a Chinese girl playing the piano on an Ed Sullivan Show, a new idea flashed into the mother’s head. With the new plan introduced, the ocnflict would develop further.Part v (paras 29—46) it tells about how the girl was made to learn the piano under the instructions of Old Chong. The relationship between mother and daughter was getting more and more tense.Part vi (para.47—60) Jing-mei was to perform in a talent show held in the church. Jing-mei started all right and soon made a mess of her performance. Undoubtedly this was a heavy blow to her mother. The crisis of the story is about to come.Part vii (para 61—76) the girl assumed that her failure at the show meant she would never have to play the paino. Yet two days later her mother urged her to practice as usual. She refused and the mother insisted. They had the most fierce quarrel they had ever had. This is the crisis or climax of the story.Part viii( 77—93) this concluding part is narrated from a different point of view. Now the daughter had grown up form a little girl to a mature woman.Part IV. Discussion about generation gap.Part V. Complete the exercises of the text.A report about generation gapLesson ThreeGoods Move. People Move. Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.Teaching aims: 1. fully understand the article2. How to develop an argumentTeaching difficulties: how to develop an argumentTime distribution: eight periodsTeaching method: students-centeredTeaching procedures:Part I. Lead-in : Globalization has become one of those words with the highest frequency of appearance but at the same time it is also a most controversial issue in terms of content, implication and consequence. Since the early 1990s, globalization has developed rapidly and brought great changes to the world. However, groups of people for various reasons oppose globalization and point to the negative effects of globalization. So when we face an article of such an important and sensitive issue, we are apt to ask:What is the author’s attitude towards globalization? What makes her adopt such an attitude? How does she present her argument?Part II. Detailed study of the textPart III. Structure of the textPart i (para 1—3) Globalization is a reality but it is not something complietly new. What is new is the speed and scope of changes.Part ii (para 4—6) this part deals with different views on globalization.Part iii (para 7—9) three points are made in this part:a. Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either.b. Cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them.c. Teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures.Part iv (para 10—13) this part tells of the author’s experience with Amanda Freeman.Part v (para 14—19) in order to prove fusion is the trend, the author used Tom Soper and mah-jongg as an example.Part vi(para 20—24) this part describes the cultural trends in Shanghai.Part viii( para25—28) the author used the experience at Shanghai Theatre Academy to illustrate the point that the change is at the level of ideas.Part ix (para 29—34)the author in this part introduced Toffler’s view on conflict, change and world order.Part x (para35—36)the main idea is there will not be a uniform world culture in the future; the cultures will coexist and transform each other.Part xii(37—39) the author again used an example in Shanghai to illustrate the transformation of culture.Part IV. Complete the exercises in the textbookPart V. collect their viewpoints about attitude towards globalizaion.Lesson FourProfessions for WomenTeaching aims: 1. fully understand the article2. grasp the rhetorical device in the textTeaching difficulties: how to understand the poetic and symbolic sentences in the articleTime distribution: eight periodsTeaching method: students-centeredTeaching procedures:Part I. Background information:Virginia Woolf is generally regarded as one of the greatest writers of modernism as well as one of the pioneers of women’s libera tion from patriarchy. She is known for her experimentation and innovation in novel writing. In her novel, emphasis is on the psychological realm of her characters and the moment-by-moment experience of living, which are depicted by the techniques of interior monologue and stream of consciousness. In this essay, Virginia Woolf gives a clear and convincing presentation of the obstacles facing professional women.Part II. Detailed study of the textPart III. General analysis of the textPara 1: In the profession of literature, the author finds that there are fewer experiences peculiar to women than in other profession because many women writers before her have made the road smooth.Para 2: the author responds to the host’s suggestion that she should tell t he audience something about her own professional experiences. So she now tells her own story –how she became a book reviewer when she was a girl.Para 3.the speaker focuses on the first obstacle to becoming a professional women writer. She uses a figure o f speech “killing the Angel in the House” in describing her determination to get rid of the conventional role of women in her writing.Para 4. after the Angel was dead, the question which remains to be answered is “what is a woman?” it is a transitional link between the quthor’s first and second experience.Paragraph 5. In this paragraph the author talks about her second experience in her profession of literature. As a novelist, she wished to remain "as unconscious as possible" so that nothing might disturb or disquiet the imagination. But she was faced with the conflict between her own approach to art and the conventional approach expected of her by male critics. She believed that sex-consciousness was a great hindrance to women's writing. To illustrate this point, she employs a second figure of speech, "the image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake."Para 6. This paragraph sums up the author's two experiences, pointing out that the second obstacle is more difficult to overcome than the first. Women have many prejudices to overcome in the profession of literature and especially in new professions that women are entering.Para.7. In this last paragraph Woolf concludes her speech by raising some important questions concerning the new role of women and the new relationship between men and women.Part IV. Complete the exercise of the textPart V. a report on the professional women in ChinaLesson FiveLove Is a FallacyTeaching aims: 1. fully understand the article2. grasp the rhetorical device in the textTeaching difficulties: how to identify the rhetorical device in the sentence and understand theimplication for some sentencesTime distribution: eight periodsTeaching method: students-centeredTeaching procedures:Part I. Lead-in:This is a humorous essay in which the narrator tells his failure to win the heart of a young woman with the force of logic, which therefore proves to him that "love is a fallacy"--"it is inconsistent with logic."Part II. Detailed study of the textPart III. Question on Appreciation:1.How did the narrator describe himself? What does it show? How does the author bring out the pomposity of the narrator? What makes the satire humorous?2.why was the narrator interested in Polly Espy? What kind of girl was she.3. How did the narrator's first date with Polly Espy go?4. How does the language used by Polly strike you? Find some examples from the text and explain what effect her language creates.5. Why did the narrator teach Polly Espy logic? Did he succeed?6. Did the narrator love Polly Espy? How did he try to "acquaint her with his feeling"?7. How did Polly respond to the narrator's arguments for going steady with her? Why did shereject him? What does it show? As the story progresses, Polly turned out to be smarter than the narrator had previously thought. How does this contrast contribute to the humor of the piece?Part IV complete the exercise in the textLesson SixLife Beyond EarthTeaching aims: 1. fully understand the article2. learn to analyze the textTeaching difficulties: how to learn to analyze the text and understand the implication for some sentencesTime distribution: eight periodsTeaching method: students-centeredTeaching procedures:Part I. General introduction:The author deals with recent developments in the search for alien organisms. He discusses various arguments about alien civilization. He does not think that such belief and search is irrational or even crazy. He writes that most people with such belief “operate from the same instinct, which is to know the truth about the universe”. At the same time he maintains a scientific attitude, pointing out that although there are many persuasive arguments, there is still no hard evidence to prove the existence of alien life. Yet he does not stop there. He further points out that since the world we live in—the only inhabitable world in the universe so far—is still far from perfect, people in the world need to direct more energy to making it better. Life on Earth is his greater concern.Part II. Detailed study of the text:Part III. Organization of the piece:1. Analysis of the text:(1) Paras. 1--2 the emergence of life(2) Para. 3 (transition) What else is alive out(3) Paras. 4--10 search for life(4) Paras. 11--23 search for intelligence(5) Paras. 24--42 Mars.(6) Paras. 43--45 Dyson's argument(7) Paras. 46--52 conclusion2. Questions to discuss:1) What do you think of the opening paragraph? Does the author begin the article in a forceful way?2)What role does this paragraph play? What is meant by "the enveloping nebula of uncertainties"? What is the contrast involved as imroduced by "despite"?3) What new idea is introduced in Paras. 17--19?4) Comment on the first sentence in Paragraph 21.5) Comment on the role of Paragraph 35.6) What is the conclusion of the author? What would the author expect of people investigating extraterrestrial life?Lesson SevenInvisible ManTeaching aims: 1. fully understand the article2. grasp the implied meaning of some sentencesTeaching difficulties: how to identify the implied meaning in the sentenceTime distribution: eight periodsTeaching method: students-centeredTeaching procedures:Part I. Background Information:1. about the author2. about the articlePart II. Detailed study of the textPart III. Analysis of the text:Para 1. From this opening paragraph we readers can learn a number of important things:(l) By saying "It goes a long way back, some twenty years," the author tells us that the story took place in the past.(2) The "I' here is the narrator, not the author, of the story, and the author is using the first-person narration in telling the story. As we read On, we will find this narrator is also the main character, the protagonist, of the story.(3) Words like "I was looking for myself" and "I am nobody but myself" point out the central theme of the novel--searching for self-identity.Para. 2 This paragraph tells us a bit about the historical background against place. It also introduces a new character--the narrator's grandfather. On his deathbed, he said something that alarmed and puzzled the whole family.Para 3 This paragraph is about the tremendous effect of the grandfather's words upon the narrator, Those words became a constant puzzle for him. As the old man said these words ironically, the boy couldn't understand him. Although the grandfather did not appear in the battle royal scene or any other events in the rest of the book, his words haunted the narrator at every important moment in his life.Para 4 It tells us about the setting of the battle royal. The narrator was to give his speech at a smoker in a leading hotel in the town. The time is round 1950, the place is a hotel in a Southern town, and the occasion is a gathering of the leading white men of the town. Bearing these in mind will help us readers understand why things happened that way and what was the meaning of all this.Para. 5 Besides giving more details about the place, this paragraph introduces the people involved in the incident the town's big shots, who were "wolfing down the buffet food, drinking beer and whisky and smoking black cigars," and the other black boys who were to take part, who were "tough guys".Para 6 to 9 The main body of the battle royal incident is from Paragraph 4 to paragraph 9. It can be further divided into 4 subsections: the naked white girl's dance; the fight itself; the grabbing for the prize money; the narrator's speech. Paragraphs 6 to 9 form the first subsection in which the author describes the white girl's dance.Paras. 10--28 They form the second subsection of the battle royal incident violent and brutal fight itself. Pay attention to the use of specific words narration realistic and vivid.Paras. 29--46 They describe how the white men further humiliated the black boys even after the battle royal was over. Instead of giving the money the boys were supposed to get for their performance, the white men made fun of them by making them scramble for the money on an electrified rug. This part adds to the general chaos of the whole scene.Para 47--90 They form the last subsection of the whole battle royal incident. In this part the narrator finally got his chance to deliver his well-prepared speech. However, in the middle of his speech, he made a mistake, but everything went well in the end and he was given an award--a scholarship for college.Para. 91—94 They bring the story to a final end. The narrator was overjoyed with his triumph, and that night he dreamed of his grandfather and awoke with the old man’s laughter rining in his ears.Part IV. Complete the exercise in the textPart V. Do some translation work.Lesson EightThe Merely Very GoodTeaching aims: 1. fully understand the article2. grasp the development of the textTeaching difficulties: how to analyze the development of the article and the implied meaning for some sentencesTime distribution: eight periodsTeaching method: students-centeredTeaching procedures:Part I. Information on the author:Jeremy Bernstein(1929- ): professor of physics and writer. After getting his Ph. D. in physics at Harvard, he spent time at the institute for advanced study in Princeton and at the National Science Foundation. He taught physics for 5years at New York University and then at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey.But Jeremy Bernstein has also spent more than 30 years on the staff of The New Yorker magazine, writing mostly about physics, computers, and other topics in physical science. He moves as comfortably among sentences and paragraphs as among equations.Part II. Detailed study of the text:Part III. Questions about the article1. Oppenteimer is called “ Father of the Atomic Bomb” and had been in charge of the Los Alamas nuclear laboratory for many years. Yet the author considers him as merely very good. Do you think the author is right and fair in relegating Oppenheimer to the merely very good?2. Do you think it is right to say to be highly focused or not is the cause separating the great ones from the merely very good? What is your view?3. How does the author manage to bring the people he wants to compare into the article?Oppenheimer’s anecdote: Oppenheimer and dirac meetingGottingen, talking about poetry and physicsHis decision to go to the conferenceSpender’s being at the conference—Spend er’s obsession with Auden—great versus merely very good.4.How does the author develop the article?He uses the 1981 conference as the benchmark and goes back to earlier times and in the last two paragraphs returns the scene to the time of writing. This technique of montage is used largely in cinema.For example:The 1981 conference and the author’s indecision—(flashback to 1925—1927) earlier life of Oppenheimer and his relations with Dirac—(back to 1981) the author’s decision: Spender and Auden—(flashback)Spender and Oppenheimer(1956)—(1958)Oppenheimer, Dirac and the author—(back to 1981) meeting with Spender—(bringing the scene to 1996) concluding remarks.Lesson NineThe Way to Rainy MountainTeaching aims: 1. fully understand the article2. grasp the rhetorical device in the textTeaching difficulties: how to identify the rhetorical device in the sentence and understand theimplication for some sentencesTime distribution: eight periodsTeaching method: students-centeredTeaching procedures:Part I. About the AuthorN. Scott Momaday was born in Lawton, Oklahoma in 1934. Momaday belongs to a generation of American Indians born when most tribal communities had long ceased to exist as vital social organizations. His Kiowa ancestors shared with other Plains Indians the horrors of disease, military defeat, and cultural and religious deprivation in the 19th century. Their only chance of survival was to adapt themselves to new circumstances. Momaday’s grandfather, for example, adjusted to changing conditions by taking up farming, a decision pressed upon him by the General Allotment Act of 1887.Part II. Detailed study of the textPart III. The analysis of the textPara 1. the opening paragraph of the essay is a lyrical description of the aut hor’s ancestral land, which plays a key role in his exploration of his Kiowa identity.Para 2. the author explains his purpose of his visit to Rainy Mountain: to be at his grandmother’s grave.Para 3. it sums up the history of the Kiowas as a Plains Native culture—the golden time and the decline in their history.Para 4. it is about how the Kiowas migrated from western Montana and how the migration transformed the Kiowas.Para 5. the author returns to his grandmother again. Since she is the immediate reason for him to come to Rainy Mountain, she is the link between the author and his ancestors.Para 6. The Kiowas felt a sense of confinement in Yellowstone, Montana.Para 7. this paragraph is a depiction of the landscape which they came upon when they got out of the highlands in Montana.Para 8. in this para the author describes Devil’s Tower and tells the Kiowas’s legend about it.Para 9. the author tells about the last days of the Sun Dance culture by using his grandmother as a witness.Para 10. for the first time, the author concentrates only on his grandmother’s story rather than mixing it with the history of the whole Kiowa tribe. Also for the first time, the author shifts the focus of depicting the lanscape to describing a person—his grandmother Aho as an old woman.Para 11—12 paragraph 11 is about the old houses at Rainy Mountain, which the author’s grandmother and other Kiowas used to live in, but which are now empty. This paragraph serves as a transition between the depiction of Grandma Aho and the reunion at her house.Para 11 and 12 describe the reunions that were once held at the grandmother’s house when the author was a child. We can see the author accepts change and loss as facts of life. He neither denies nor defies them. Imagination helps him strike a balance between them. So, after depicting his dead grandmother’s old house, he brings to life the joy and activity that once filled it. As a child Momaday took part in those events. By re-creating those scenes, he reminds himself of who he is.Part IV. Complete the exercise of the text。

不同院校不同授课范围。

本文档课程范围：第1,3,4,8,10课，五个课程。

如不在你的搜寻范围内，可以不下载。

本文档教师课程讲解。

看不懂之处，敬请谅解！学习愉快！Lesson 1A. 词义的理解与语义转换1) We must honestly recognize where we are now. (1.2)正视2) When we view the negative experiences of life, the Negro has a double share.(1.8)不如意之事坎坷经历若论人生坎坷，黑人可谓倍加艰辛。

3) We must massively assert our dignity and worth. (3.1)Impressively？让世人知道4)We must stand up amidst a system that still oppresses us and develop anunassailable and majestic sense of values. (3.2)Develop a habit drop a habitDevelop a sense 意识Translation skill词性转换B. 词汇扩展1）A white lie is better than a black lie. (4.5)I had a white night, thinking of you.white elephantallusion 典故Trademark白象白马王子？white horse ？Mr. RightPrince charmingwhite meatfish/birdred meat 红肉2) The most degenerate member of a family is a black sheep. (4.6)blacklistblack market黑马dark horseScapegoat＝替罪羊＝WhipboyAllusion3) …teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child sixty ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority （4.7）inferiority complexsuperiority complex恋父情结Electra complex恋母情结Oedipus complexc. 搭配collocation1. the Negro is in dire need of this kind of legitimate power (6.2)紧急，极端dire warning/prediction/forecast(a warning about something terrible that will happen in the future)Last night there were dire warnings of civil war.2. …the preserving of the status quo (6.11)maintain / preserve / defend the status quo3. And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and power have usually been contrasted as opposites -- polar opposites- (7.5)（？)polar extremed．句子理解1）The job of arousing manhood within a people （that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody）is not easy. （3.4）2）Power is the ability// of a labor union like the UAW to make the most powerful corporation in the world, General Motors, say 'Yes' when it wants to say 'No.' That's power. （line three from the bottom, Paragraph 6）3) What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. (8.6)Anemic：weak；贫血的=AnaemicAnaemia 贫血4)Now, early in this century this proposal would have been greeted withridicule and denunciation,（considered）as destructive of initiative andresponsibility. (10.2)5)The fact is that the work （which improves the condition of mankind,the work which extends knowledg e and increases power and enrichesliterature and elevates thought,）is not done to secure a living(12.1) She didn‘tmarry himfor he was richThe work is not 不是这样的done to secure a living ＝被做以谋生不是为了谋生而做e．修辞（Rhetoric）figure of speech1. Antithesis （A figure of speech in which sharply contrasting ideas are juxtaposed in a balanced or parallel phrase or grammatical structure）1) As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (5.5)2) …love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.(7.5)2．Metaphor simile (like, as)1) Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. (5.6)Self-esteem 自信2) The negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation. (5.9)3．Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on t he scale of dollars is eliminated. （14.4）3. parallel1)The tendency to ignore the Negro's contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood is as old as the earliest history books and as contemporary as the morning's newspaper. (5.1)StripperExotic dancing2) Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. （8.6）4. Alliteration1）Now a lot of us are preachers, and all of us have our moral believes and concerns, and so often have problems with power. (7.1)Xiamen is a city full of vigor and vitality2） It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times. (9.2)f. 熟词偏义1. And, in the thinking of that day, the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.(10.5)Want =lackHe knows no want in his life.他什么都不缺Lesson3Text AnalysisA. 词义理解与翻译1. Today we are in the throes of a world wide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, ―globalization‖. (1.1)a) in the throes of ?b) reformation ?c) tectonic shift?d) curious vocabulary?今天我们正经历世界范围文化嬗变的阵痛，习俗和追求都在发生剧变，这用社会学家新奇的话来说就是，“全球化”。

Lesson 11. A white lie is better than a black lie.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。

1.To upset this homicide, ---Olympian manhood为了挫败这种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。

2.with a spirit straining ---- self-abnegation黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。

3.Striped of the right---- of this white power structure 被剥夺了决定自己生活和命运的权力，他只能听任这个白人权力结构所作出的决定的摆布。

这些决定是专断的，有时甚至是反复无常的。

4.what is needed is a realization---- sentimental and anemic: 必须懂得的是没有爱的权力是毫无节制，易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感，苍白无力的。

5.It is precisely this collision --- of our times正是这种邪恶的权力与毫无权力的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。

6.Now early in this century---and responsibility.在本世纪初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。

7.Now we realize ---- against their will : 我们现在懂得，我们经济地的市场运作混乱，歧视盛行，迫使人们无事可作并违背他们的意愿，使他们长期失业或不断失业。

8.New forms of work--- are not available: 有必要创造对社会有好处的新的工作形式，提供给那些找不到传统工作的人。

9.It is not the work---necessity. animal necessity: Something necessary 必需品,The necessities of life include food, clothing, and shelter.生活必需品，包括食物，衣服，住处10.It is the work of men--- where want is abolished: 这是这样一类人的工作，他们通过某种方式找到了一种工作模式，这种模式出于自身需要，带来安全保障，并创造了一种废除了匮乏的社会形态。

现代大学英语V-1Where_do_we_go_from_here我们向何处去？马丁.路德.金1．为了回答“我们向何处去”这一问题，我们现在必须明确我们的现状。

当初拟定宪法时，一个不可思议的公式规定黑人在纳税和选举权方面只是一个完整人的60%。

如今又一个匪夷所思的公式似乎规定黑人只盂交纳一个人应交税的50%，只享受一个人应享受的选举权利的50%。

对于生活中的好事，黑人大约只享有白人所享受的一半；而生活中的不愉快，黑人却要承受白人所面对的两倍。

因此，所有黑人中有一半人住着低标准的住房。

并且黑人的收入只是白人的一半。

每当审视生活中的负面经历时，黑人总是占双倍的份额。

黑人无业者是白人的两倍。

黑人婴儿的死亡率是白人的两倍，从黑人所占的总人口比率上看，在越南死亡的黑人是白人的两倍。

2．其他领域也有同样惊人的数字。

在小学，黑人比白人落后一至三年，并且他们的被白人隔离的学校的学生人均所得到的补贴比白人的学校少得多。

20个上大学的学生中，只有一个是黑人。

在职的黑人中75%的人从事低收入、单凋乏味的非技术性工作。

3．这就是我们的现状。

我们的出路在哪里?首先，我们必须维护自己的尊严和价值。

我们必须与仍压迫我们的制度抗争，从而树立崇高的不可诋毁的价值观。

我们再不能因为是自已黑人而感到羞耻。

几百年来灌输黑人是卑微的、无足轻重的，因此要唤起他们做人的尊严绝非易事。

4．甚至语义学似乎也合谋把黑色的说成足丑陋的、卑劣的。

罗杰特分类词典中与黑色相关的词有120个，其中至少60个微词匿影藏形，例如。

污渍、煤烟、狰狞的、魔鬼和恶臭的。

而与白色相关的词约有134个，它们却毫无例外都褒嘉洋溢，诸如纯洁、洁净、贞洁和纯真此类词等。

白色的(善意的)谎言总比黑色的(恶意的)谎言要好。

家中最为人所不齿的人是“黑羊”，即败家子。

奥西．戴维斯曾建议或许应重造英语语言，从而教师将不再迫不得已因教黑人孩子60种方式蔑视自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的自卑感，因教白人孩子134种方式宠爱自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的优越感。

Unit 91.your imagination comes to life, and this,The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe thatthe creation of the whole universe was begun right here.2.but warfare for the kiowasThe Kiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because theyfought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands ormaterial gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could notunderstand why the U.S. Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even whenthey had won a battle.3.my grandmother was spared the humiliationLuckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into aclosure for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event. 4.it was a long journey toward dawnThey moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginningof a new culture, which led to the greatest moment of their history.5.they acquired horse, and their ancient nomadicNow they got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on foot, gave themthis new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadicspirit.6.from one point of view, their migrationIn a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered theworld from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of themountains.7.the kiowas reckoned their stature Their stature was measured by the distancethey could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, andthey could hardly stand straight.8.clusters of trees and animals The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far inthe distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass. Thislandscape makes one see far and broadens one’s horizon.9.not yet would they veer southward to They would not yet change the directionsouthward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First, they mustgive their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not wantto lose sight of the mountains so soon.10.I was never sure that I had the right to heard I was not sure that I had any rightto overhear her praying, which did not follow any customary way of praying,add which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.11.transported so in the dancing light In this way she was entranced in the dancinglight among the shadows of her room, and she seeded to be timeless(what sherepresented would last for ever).12.the women might indulge themselves On these special occasions, women mightmake loud and elaborate jokes and talk among themselves. Their gossiprevealed their position as servants of men and also a reward for their servitude. Unit 81.I was conscious of his superiority I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of greattalent but his way of showing his talent at my seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.2.This did not seem to be the sort of anecdote Since those attending the conferencewere people devoted to poetry , such an anecdote, though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.3.Pitted against these excellent There were two reasons for my going to the conferenceset against the reasons for my not going and they became decisive in my final decision.4.He is for me, one of those people whose According to my view, Spender belongs tothe group whose writings about their lives, experiences, that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.5.Auden’s Dirac like lucidity Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He wasalso outstanding in the powerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.6.Spenser’s journal entry on his visit Spender’s record of his visit is interesting notonly because of the things he mentions but also because of the things he does not say.7.Oppenheim appears in Spenser’s journal In his book, Spender fails to give aconnected, complete picture of Oppenheimer and does not mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with spender.8.The real thing was much better The real person looked much better than thepictures.9.One probably should not read too much Maybe one should not attach too muchimportance to appearance.10.he had outlived them all, He gad lived longer than any of his more famous friendsbut traces or influences of these friends, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.Unit 71.it took me a long time and much painful It took me a long time to get rid of illusionsand realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.2.and yet I am not freak of nature, I am perfectly normal physically, and I am anatural product of history, my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things had been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.3.about 85 years ago About 85 years ago, they were told tat they were freed fromslavery and became united with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.4.in those pre-invisible days, In those days before I realized I was an invisible man, Iimagined that I would become a successful man like Booker T. Washington.5.I wanted at one and the same time to run from the room On the one hand, I felt soembarrassed that I wanted to run away from the ballroom, on the other hand, I took pity on the gerl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men. I wanted to love her tenderly because she was an attractive girl, but at the same time I wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.6.should I try to win the voice out there?If I should try myy best and win the fight,then I would be winning against the bet of that white man, who shouted “I got my money on the big boy. ” in that case I would not behave with humility, and yet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I should let that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility.7.cast down your bucket where you are Make full use of what you have and do thebest you can. Take this attitude in making friends in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.8.you were not being smart You were not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way,were you, boy? We intend to do the right thing by setting you up as orle model, but you must never forget who you are.Lesson 41.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by awriter.If you want to be musician or painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in culture centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don’t need all this.2.She would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing.3.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, Itook up the inkpot and flung it at her.Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power.4.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in theses respects, I doubt that theyrealize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.It was a sensible thing for men to given themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely sever condemnation of such freedom in women.5.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a bookwithout finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dasher against.It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions.6.Even when the path is nominally open—when there is nothing to prevent a woman frombeing a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant—there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe looming in her way.Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman’s progress.7.You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.(Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort,) you have gained a position or certain freedom in a society that has been up to now dominate by men.Lesson 31.Yet globalization… “is a reality, not a choice”.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is alreadya matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault”.3.…where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upperhand……in China, the two trends of closed—door and open—door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will haveshowers that work.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5.Westernization… is a phenomenon shot with inconsistencies and populated byvery strange bedfellows.…westernization is a concept full of self—contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.7.He… was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living in different time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising ＄100,000.The Gucci store did not expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.9.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide methrough the wilds of global culture.From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena.10.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Lesson21. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.2. I had new thoughts , willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3. The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple—like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so T felt scared. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5. And T could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill over.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self—control would collapse, and I wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6. The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery.Lesson11.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries thatthey are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against thelong night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being andsigns with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is powercorrecting everything that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5.At that time economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability andtalents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was).6.…the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right andwrong.7.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or byanimal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8.…when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.…when the unfair practice of judhing human calue by the amount of money a person has irs done away with.9.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door tothe meaning of ultimate reality.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those whohave love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds andan anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.。

新编英语教程5unit12Unit 12: I Have a Dream…I. ObjectiveKing’s purpose of making this speech is to persuade his audience into the belief that it is time for the blacks in America to struggle without resorting to violence for justice and equality. To teach this text, we should first help students become familiar with the related background knowledge of the 1960s’ in America and master the listed language points. And most importantly, the students are supposed to learn King’s oratorical techniques and rhetorical devices employed in the speech such as emotional appeals, metaphors, repetition and parallelism, which made the speech more convincing and forceful. II. Teaching StepsStep One: Get the students to get the related information about the items given in the Library Wo rk and the civil rights movement of 1960s’, racial segregation anddiscrimination in America, March on Washington and non-violence of Dr. MartinLuther King in encyclopedias, reference books or on the websites. Also getthe students to look up the words and phrases listed in Dictionary Work inan English-English dictionary and find the definitions that fit the contextof the text.Step Two: Ask the students to give an oral report on their Dictionary Work and Library Work in front of the class respectively. Step Three: Have a class discussion on the title and the author.Step Four: Explain the text to the students, focusing on the following language points as well as the organization and development of the text.Step Five: Get the students to do the related exercises in the Work Book.III: Major points: Language points, text structureIV: difficult points: Language pointsV． Time allocation：4 classes are needed to finish the lessonVI Background KnowledgeTime needed: 45 minutesTeaching approaches: asking questions, group discussions, PPT1.Martin Luther King (author)a.1929-1968b. a Baptist minister and the foremost leader of the civil rights movementc. a lifelong advocate of nonviolent resistance to segregation/doc/6639e3104531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028915f8574.html anized a massive March on Washington in 1963 and delivered his impressiveoration of his career, “I Have a Dream”e.awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in1964f.assassinated on April 4, 1968(see p.194 of SB)2.Emancipation Proclamation (L 2)This refers to the Emancipation Proclamation issued by president Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation declared all slaves within areas of rebellion free. I did not affect bondsmen in those slave states that had continued to be loyal to the Union. It was not until 1865 when the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified that slavery was made unconstitutional.(see p.194 of SB)3.The Constitution and the Declaration of Independence (LL 13-14)The Constitution of the U.S.A. was signed on September 17,1787, and ratified by the required number of states (9) by June 21, 1788.the full and formal declaration adopted on July 4, 1776, by representatives of the thirteen North American colonies, announcing the separation of those colonies from Great Britain and making them into the United States.(see p.195 of SB)4.Civil rights (L 50)the rights to personal liberty established by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to American constitution. (also see p.195 of SB)5.Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana (L 64-65)(see pp.196-197 of SB)6.American Dream (L 69)The ideal of freedom, equality and opportunity traditionally stressed as available to individuals in the U.S; it stresses especially material prosperity.7.the red hills of Georgia(L 72), the Stone mountain of Georgia (L110)in the Piedmont Plateau in the north of Georgia, the sandy loams are interspersed with clay loams and red clay sub-soils.an enormous mass of exposed granite in northwestern Georgia. On the face of Stone Mountain are carved huge equestrian figures of Jefferson Davis, Robert E. lee, and Thomas Jackson, heroes of the Confederacy in the American Civil War(see p.197 of SB)8.New Hampshire (L105)a.one of the New England states of the northeastern U.S.b.noted for its generally rugged terrain(see p.197 of SB)9.Alleghenies of Pennsylvania (LL 105-106)The Allegheny Mountains are the higher and southeastern portions of theAppalachian Plateau, which covers more than half of Pennsylvania and occupies almost the entire northern and western parts.(see p.197 of SB)10.Rockies of Colorado (L 108)The Rocky Mountains, backbone of the North American continent, extending through west central Colorado, occupies two-fifths of the land area. The crest of the Rockies, known as the Continental Divide, runs through Colorado. The highest point is Mount Elbert.(see p.197 of SB)11.Lookout Mountain of Tennessee (L 110)Tennessee is one of the South Central states of the U.S.Lookout Mountain--- a mountain ridge that runs about 75 miles from just southwest of Chattanooga, Tennessee, through Georgia into Alabama.( see p.198 of SB)12.Gentiles (L116)People of non-Jewish nation or of non-Jewish faith13.Protestants (L116)members of any Christian body which separated from the Roman Catholic Church at the Reformation, or of any later offshoot of such a body, esp. the Anglican, Baptist, Congregationalist, Evangelical, Lutheran, Methodist, Reformed and Presbyterian churches.14.Catholics (L116)of the original Christian Church before the schism between East and West; people who subscribe to the beliefs of the universal Christian Church or members of the Roman Catholic Church15.Negro spiritual (L 117)a religious song usually of a deeply emotional character that was developed amongblacks in the southern U.S.VII Language pointsTime needed: 90minutes.Teaching approaches: examples, explanation, and application1.momentous decree (L 2)a. Meaning: the official order of great importance; the very important andsignificant proclamation which had great meaning for the futureb. Example: The past three years have been among the most momentous in the worldhistory.2.bacon light (L 2)Meaning: a light set up in a high, prominent position a signal, guidance, etc.3.sear (L 3)a.Meaning: affect sb. with strong emotionb.Examples: (1) His soul has been seared by injustice.(2) The novel is a searing indictment of urban poverty.4.withering injustice(L 3)Meaning: injustice that humiliates or brings shame to the blacks5.manacles (L 6)Meaning: shackles; handcuffs6.cripple (L 6)a.Meaning: harm, maim, impairb.Examples: (1) He was crippled in the civil war.(2) The team was crippled by his absence.7.segregation (L 7)Meaning: separate or being separated. Segregation is partly a private matter that cannot be eliminated by legislation alone. It persists in many areas ofAmerican life, in both North and South. Nevertheless, official oppositionhas placed segregations on the defensive. Where segregation exists, it isfrequently denied or excused, indicating that it is in retreat.(TB)8.discrimination (L 7)Meaning: inequality of treatment (of blacks and other minority groups) has been perhaps the most deep-seated problem in American democracy, and althoughlegal guarantees have greatly expanded since 1950, the problem is still along way from solution. (TB)/doc/6639e3104531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028915f8574.html nguish (L 9)a.Meaning: live wretchedly; lack or lose vitalityb.Examples: (1) He languished in poverty for years.(2) The children soon began to languish in the heat.10.exile (L 10)Meaning: person being sent away from his native country or home, esp. for political reasons or as a punishment11.dramatize (L 10)a.Meaning: make an event or a novel into a play; make an event or situationseem very important or seriousb.Example: Don’t believe everything she tells you; she tends to dramatize.c.Derivative: dramatization(n.)12.appalling condition (L11)Meaning: the dreadful condition (of the blacks in America)13.cash a check (L 12)Meaning: literally, to get an amount of money as stated on a check; in the text, itmeans “ to plead for the fulfillment of a promise”(SB)14.promissory note (L 14)Meaning: a written promise to pay at a fixed or determinable future time a sum of money to a specified individual or to a bearer (TB)15.fall heir toa. a phrasal verbb.Meaning: to be the person who has the lawful right to receive the property oftitle of an older member of the family who diesc.Example: He falls heir to his father’s bad temper.16.unalienable / inalienable (L 15)a.Meaning: that can not be separated or taken away fromb.Example: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness have been called theinalienable rights of man.17.default on (L 17)a. a phrasal verbb.Meaning: fail to pay a debt; fail to fulfill an obligationc.Example: They defaulted on hire purchase payments.18.honor (L 18)a.Meaning: accept and pay sth. when due; fulfill an obligation or keep anagreementb.Example: It is the bank’s right not to honor a bad check.19. a bad check(L 19)Meaning: a check that will not be paid (SB)20.vaults (L 21)Meaning: rooms, esp. in a bank and protected by locks, alarms, thick walls, etc., used for keeping valuable safe21.hallowed spot (L 23)Meaning: sacred, holy, referring to Washington D.C. (SB)22.gradualism (L 25)Meaning: a policy of gradual reform rather than sudden change or revolution, so it has the tranquilizing effect, i.e., a calming or comforting effect, and iseasier for people to accept (TB)23. quicksand (L 29)Meaning: (often pl.) area of loose wet deep sand into which people or thing will sink23.blow off steam (L 34) = let off steama. a phrasal verbb.Meaning: release the surplus energy or emotion from being restrainedc.Example: The children were out on the playground blowing off steam.24.threshold (L 38)a.Meaning: piece of wood or stone forming the bottom of a doorway; entranceof a house, etc.; point of entering or beginning sth.b.Example: He was on the threshold of his career.25.degenerate (into) (L 43)a.Meaning: pass into a worse physical, mental or moral state that one which isconsidered normal or desirableb.Examples: (1) His health is degenerating rapidly.(2) Her commitment to a great cause degenerated from acrusade into an obsession.c.Derivatives: degenerate (adj.) degeneracy (n.)/doc/6639e3104531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028915f8574.html itancy (L 44)a.Meaning: the state or quality of being militantb.Example: The union is having trouble holding the rising militancy withinbounds.c. Derivatives: militant (adj.) militantly (adv.)27.engulf (L 44)a.Meaning: (of the earth, the sea, etc.) to destroy by swallowing upb.Example: The stormy sea engulfed the small boat.28.evidence (L46)a.Meaning: prove by evidence; be evidence ofb.Example: His answer evidenced a guilty conscience.29.inextricably (L 47)a.Meaning: so closely linked that separation is impossible; indispensablyb.Example: Her career was inextricably linked with his.c.Derivative: inextricable (adj.)30.pledge (L49)a.Meaning: a solemn promise or agreementb.Example: It was told under pledge of secrecy.31. devotee (L 50)a.Meaning: an ardent supporterb.Example: Every great artist has his devotees and enemies.32. brutality (L 52)Meaning: brutal behavior; cruelty; savagery33. motel (L 53)Meaning: a roadside hotel designed primarily for motorists. It is a blend of motor and hotel (TB) 34. ghetto (L 54)Meaning: a part of a city in which members of a minority group, especiallybecause of social, legal, or economic pressure35. trials and tribulations (LL 59-60)a. a phraseb.Meaning: situations that test a person’s endurance or patience; irritations andtroublesc. Example: After many trials and tribulations, he succeeded in his experiment.36. batter (L 61)a.Meaning: hit sb/sth hard and oftenb.Example: He kept battering at the door.37. stagger (L 62)a.Meaning: walk or move unsteadily as if to fall (from carrying sth. heavy, beingweak or drunk)b.Example: She staggered and fell.38. redemptive (L 63)Meaning: bringing about compensation; offering delivery from guilt orobligations; making amends39. wallow(L 66)a.Meaning: take delight in, indulge oneself; lie or roll about in mud, waterb.Examples: (1) The children enjoyed watching the hippopotamus wallowingabout in the mud.(2) He’s really wallowing in the praise of his new book.c.Derivative: wallow (n.)40. self-evident(L 71)a.Meaning: plainly true without need of proof; clear from the statement itselfb.Example: Her sincerity is self-evident.41. creed (L 71)a.Meaning: system of beliefs or opinions, esp. religious beliefs; a set offundamental beliefsb.Example: What is your political creed?42. swelter (L 75)a.Meaning: be uncomfortably hot, suffer from the heatb.Example: Open the window, we are sweltering.43. oasis (L 76)a.Meaning: fertile place with trees and water in the desert; experience, place,etc.. which is pleasant in the middle of sth. unpleasant, dull, etc.b.Example: The study was an oasis of calm in a noisy household.44. interposition (L 82)Meaning: in U.S. history, the doctrine by which the individual state may, through the assertion of its sovereignty, oppose any federal mandate which violatesthe rights of the state and citizens45. nullification (L 82)Meaning: in U.S. history, the action of a state in declaring a federal law inoperative within its limits, under the assumption of absolute statesovereignty46. exalt(L 86)a.Meaning: make sb. higher in rank or greater in power; praise sb. highlyb.Example: He was exalted to the position of chief manager.c.Derivative: exaltation (n.)47. all flesh (L 88)Meaning: all mankind48. hew (L 91)a.Meaning: chop or cut sth./sb. with an axe, swordb.Example: He hewed his enemy to pieces.49. jangle (L92)a.Meaning: make a harsh metallic noiseb.Examples: (1) The fire-alarm kept jangling away.(2) Her voice jangles on my ears.c. Derivative: jangle(n.)50. discord (L 92)a.Meaning: disagreement; quarrelingb.Example: A note of discord crept into their relationship.c.Derivatives: discordance (n.) discordant(adj.) discordantly(adv.)51. prodigious(L 104)a.Meaning: very great in size, amount, or degree, so as to cause amazement oradmiration; enormousb.Examples: (1) It cost a prodigious amount .(2) He never forgets anything; his memory is prodigious.c.Derivative: prodigiously (adv.)52. curvaceous (L 109)Meaning: rolling(i.e., having long slopes that rise and fall); undulating; having lotsof curves (TB)53. molehill (L 112)Meaning: a small heap of earth thrown up on the surface by a mole when it isdigging underground54. hamlet (L 114 )Meaning: small village, esp. one without a churchVIII. Organization and Development and text studyTime needed: 90 minutesTeaching approaches: asking questions, group discussions, PPT, paraphrasing1. The purpose of making the speechKing’s purpose of making the present speech is to persuade his audience into the belief that it is time for the blacks in America to struggle without resorting to violence for justice and equality.2. The organization and development1) King begins his speech by referring to Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation to remind his audience the unrealized spirit of liberty and the unfulfilled promise to give the blacks equal rights and freedom.2) By repeating “ One hundred years later” four times, King attempts to emphasize the gap between the hope inspired by the Emancipation and the status quo.3) Th en, through the analogy of “a bad check” and the use of five nows, King drives home to the audience the fact that the blacks have been cheated and thus emphasizes the urgency of the tasks the blacks are confronted with.4) After that, King repeatedly advocates his way of getting equal rights and freedom and avoid the wrongful deeds, that is, his non-violent strategy by four successive sentences beginning with “Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from cup of bitterness and hatre d.”5) By a series of repetitions and parallel structures, King states firmly the courage and determination of the blacks and pictures the hopeful future for the black people.(We can not be satisfied…; Go back to…; I have a dream…)6) Again through repetition and parallelism, King expresses his faith and confidence in the future world, where all of God’s children, whatever their skin colors or religious beliefs, will be able to join hands and sing happily together.(Let freedom ring from…)3. The oratorical and rhetorical devices employed in the speech1) emotional appeals2) repetition3) diction4) metaphors5) parallelism6) analogy(See pp. 198-200 of SB)IX: Home work:Finish the exercises on work bookX: Contents tested:1. Language points2.paraphrases。

Unit 121. And truth is slippery, hard to establish.Truth is not easy to grasp and very difficult to prove.2. One of the more extraordinary truths about the soap opera that is the British royal…The scandals, sexual and other, involving members of the royal family, have in recent years outshone the television serials dealing with family problems. The most remarkable fact is that the characters of these individuals who are part of the scandals are largely invented by the British press.3. The creation of character is, in fact, rapidly becoming an essential…Actually, the portrayal of fictional characters has quickly become a most important device employed by the press.4. Willing drinking the poisoned chalice of fame……these people are pleased and content ed when they are in the limelight or in the newspaper headlines although such fame may be an ill omen.5. For a novelist to be thus rewritten is, I recognize, a case of the biter bit.I am aware of the fact that since I am a novelist and have used many different types of people as raw material for character creation, I myself being rewritten into someone unrecognizable to myself is a typical example of a person good at tricking others being tricked.6. In Britain, intrusion into the private lives of public figures have prompted……In Britain, as a result of exposure of private lives of famous people, certain groups of influential people have demanded the adoption of laws protecting privacy.7. But where the powerful can hide behind the law, might not a good deal……but if the illegal activities of those influential people could be kept unknown to the public as a result of privacy protection laws, it is possible that a lot of other illegal activities could also be covered up by such laws.8. Many special-interest groups, claiming the moral high ground, now demand…Many organized groups pursuing special policy goals which assert that they are morally superior to the rest of the rest of the population are now demanding that officials should be authorized to control the content of printed matters, TV programs and films.9. Religious extremists, these days demand respect for their attitudes with growing stridency. Those who hold fundamentalist religious beliefs have recently been making louder and louder demands that their conservative beliefs should be accepted without question.10. But now we are asked to agree that to dissent from those beliefs, to hold………but now we are expected to accept the view that if we express disagreement with those beliefs, if we think that those beliefs might be unsound or out of date or wrong, that they therefore could be debated, we are showing disrespect for their beliefs, we are going beyond the bounds of decent behavior.Unit 111. My father would bring the team down Fifth Avenue at a smart trot, flicking……My father caused the horses to move quickly down the road, hitting their hind part with a light,quick blow. The bells rang lightly and quickly, but not necessarily harmoniously, over the snow, which in turn threw back a brightness that was like the sound of bells.2. It always troubled me as a boy of eight that the horses had so indifferent a view…I was puzzled ad a little boy over the horses’ indifference towards their dead friend, whose hide had now turned into my father’s ove rcoat. It was hard for me to understand why the horses did not know or care that the overcoat came from the hide of their friend. And the same man had also put a metal bar in their mouths to control them.3. There would be an occasional brass-mounted automobile laboring on its narrow tires…On our way, from time to time, we would come across a car moving slowly and carefully over the packed snow. It had difficulty climbing up hills, which were slippery with the snow, so it was often pulled up by a horse. The clumsy automobile was out of place and the high ranking officials sitting inside it just wanted to show off.4. The body heat of many animals weighing a thousand pounds and more; pigs in…The smell of quite a number of big and strong animals was very strong. At the same time, since the barn was filled with animals, it was also warm. Pigs were uttering deep, gloomy, and sonorous sounds…5. It gave him a better appetite, he argued, than plain fresh air…With so much content and life in it, the rich odor of the barn appealed to my father much better than mild fresh air, which, according to him, was weak and lacked substance.6. And as my aunt hurried I could smell in her apron that freshest of all…My aunt had been baking some bread for the purpose of making the oven ready for the cooking of the meat. As she passed by, I could smell the most delightful of all smells –that of the freshly baked bread.7. For days after such an ordeal they could not endure biting into a parrot.During the confinement, since there was nothing for them to do or eat, they helped themselves freely to carrots, and now they were fed up with carrots.8. My aunt kept a turmoil of food circulating, and to refuse any of it…It was a state of confusion because various dishes were kept going. It would be against the holy purpose and elated mood of Christmas to refuse any food passed to you.9. The man sat there grimly enduring the glory of their appetite.The men overate themselves to such a degree that they could not move about and had to sit there, suffering from eating to the full capacity of their stomachs.10. Where already the crimson cardinals would be dropping out of the sky like blood.… the cardinals were deeply and vividly red, so when they swooped down on the feeder, they were like drops of blood out of the sky.Unit 101. We still remember that assassinated world as idyllic, secure…we will speak of it……In or memory , the pre-September 11 world was peaceful, happy and safe (overlooking the fact that this was not the case) and will talk about hose days with a feeling of deep respect and love which can only be found in talking about dead people.2. The spoils of war include some of our most cherished values and liberties.In order to win the war, we might have to give up some of the basic values and liberties wetreasure most. This might be the cost we have to pay.3. Who are attempting to colonize the future with their own repressive agenda.They are planning to carry out the plan of expanding the power of law enforcement agencies at home and of striking at the “axis of evil” abroad so as to extend American domination into areas originally beyond American reach, such as Central Asia. Hence, the colonization to the future. 4. Which assumes the public is thinking in red, white and blue……… Which takes for granted that people think in a simple and uniform way while actually the feelings, thoughts and views of the American people are as varied as America itself.5. We too are mired near the bottom of Maslow’s pyramid, struggling to regain……The terrorist attacks put us at the bottom of the hierarchy of human needs, trying hard to reestablish our confidence in physical safety, the lowest type of safety.6. It is something we associate with repressive regimes, not with participatory democracies. We are used to thinking that western democracies practice rule of law and individual rights and freedom are protected by law. Violation of individual rights and suppression of dissenting voices can only be found in repressive regimes.7. There was a relaxing of the rampant materialism, along with its ugly…..,People began to put less emphasis on the pursuit of wealth and possession of worldly goods. And the other two dangerous symptoms that went with materialism, that is physical separation from others and irrational behavior as a result of impulse also became less serious. Materialism, together with the accompanying symptoms of separation and compulsion, had been the cause of the ruin of community in this country.8. Discourages national introspection at a time when it would be most valuable.… At a time when it is highly important for Americans to look into ourselves and ask ourselves why “they hate us ”, this concept directs our attention and thinking away from such analysis.9. History is a gallery of unspeakable crimes.… History records many crimes committed by human beings which are so horrible that they defy description.10. We tend these images like poisonous flowers in a nightmare garden.In spite of the fact that these images are horrible images, images of large scale atrocity, we still take care to keep alive these images.Unit 91. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think, is where creation was begun.The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.2. But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than……The Kiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could not understand why the U.S. Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.3. My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten…Luckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to an gold age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the greatest moment of their history.5. They acquired horses and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground. Now they got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on foot, gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.6. From one point of view, their migration was the fruit of an old prophecy, for indeed……In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.7. The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and bent and blind…Their stature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.8. Clusters of trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach……The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass. This landscape makes one see far and broadens one’s horizon.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land……They would not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First, they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not want to lose sight of the mountains so soon.10. I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all mere……I was not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any customary way of praying, add which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of room she seemed beyond…In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seeded to be timeless (what she represented would last for ever).12. The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation…On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk among themselves. Their gossip revealed their position as servants of men and also a reward for their servitude.Unit 81. And I was conscious of his superiority in a way that was embarrassing and led to trouble.I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent but his way of showing his talent at my seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.2. This did not seem to be the sort of anecdote that would go over……Since those attending the conference were people devoted to poetry , such an anecdote, though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.3. Pitted against these excellent reasons for my not going to the conference…carried the day. There were two reasons for my going to the conference set against the reasons for my not going and they became decisive in my final decision.4. He is, for me, one of those people whose writing about their writing is more interesting…According to my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives,experiences, that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.5. Auden’s Dirac-like lucidity, the sheer wonder of the language, and the sense of……Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in the powerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.6. Spender’s journal entry on his visit is fascinating both for what it says and what it does…Spender’s record of his visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentions but also because of the things he does not say.7. Oppenheimer appears in Spender’s journal as a disembodied figure…no relevance…In his book, Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer and does not mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with spender.8. The real thing was much better.The real person looked much better than the pictures.9. One probably should not read too much into appearance…Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearance.10. He had outlived them all, but still under their shadow……He gad lived longer than any of his more famous friends but traces or influences of these friends, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.Unit 71. It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations….It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.2. And yet I am no freak of nature, nor of history. I was in the cards, other things……I am perfectly normal physically, and I am a natural product of history, my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things had been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.3. About eight-five years ago they were told that they were free, united with others…About 85 years ago, they were told tat they were freed from slavery and became united with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.4. In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Book T. Washington.In those days before I realized I was an invisible man, I imagined that I would become a successful man like Booker T. Washington.5. I wanted at one and the same time to run from the room, to sink through the floor…On the one hand, I felt so embarrassed that I wanted to run away from the ballroom, on the other hand, I took pity on the girl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men. I wanted to love her tenderly because she was an attractive girl, but at the same timeI wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.6. Should I try to win against the voice out there? Would not this go against my speech…If I should try my best and win the fight, then I would be winning against the bet of that white man, who shouted “I got my money on the big boy. ” in that case I would not behave with humility, and yet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I shouldlet that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility. 7. Cast down your bucket where you are—cast it down in making friends in every……Make full use of what you have and do the best you can. Take this attitude in making friends in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.8. You were n’t being smart, were you, boy? We mean to do…You were not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way, were you, boy? We intend to do the right thing by setting you up as orle model, but you must never forget who you are.Unit 61. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.The fact that we do not have evidence showing that there is life beyond Earth does not mean that we can come to the conclusion that there is actually no life beyond Earth.2. Examining them for the atmosphere signatures of a living world.…Examining these planets to see if the surrounding atmosphere can be identified as fitting for life.3. The optimists figure it’s only a matter of time before we tune in the right channel.Those who are optimistic think that as time goes on, they will someday get the signal sent out by an alien civilization.4. That’s what we need to begin the long process of putting human existence……Originally, we regard our world as the only one in the universe which is inhabited by intelligent humans, but we need to change our view and regard this world as one of many in the universe.5. True believers and skeptics rarely go over to the other side.Neither those who genuinely believe that space aliens are lurking in our midst nor those who firmly reject such an idea are likely to change their views and join the other side.6. The alien is a Hollywood stock character but not a Hollywood creation.The alien is a character used too much in Hollywood films so it has become hackneyed but the idea of extraterrestrial life was not first brought up by Hollywood.7. The absence of detectable life on Mars put exobiology into a two-decade funk.… The fact that no life had been detected on Mars was a terrible blow to exobiology which did not recover from the blow in the following 20 years.8. Everyone realized the historical glory of being right about these purposed……Everyone knew that if what appeared to be microfossils were confirmed to be such, then the discovery would be of historic significance, but if they proved to be something else, the adverse effect that followed would be equally dramatic.9. If you rewound the tape of terrestrial evolution and played it again……… if evolution on Earth were to take place a second time, a human being who is genetically similar to us would be the result of such evolution.10. So before we worry about our dealings with the Galactic Empire, we have some……Since there is so much work we need to do here in this world (since there are so many issues we need to address in this world), let us first concentrate on doing some solid research (on addressing these issues )and drop discussion about drafting messages to another civilization out there.Unit 51. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.I believe following passing crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment.2. One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress…One afternoon, when I went back to my dorm, Petey was lying on his bed. He wore such a depressed look that I came to the conclusion at once that he was suffering from appendicitis. 3. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is as precise as a chemist’s scales, began to work at high speed.4. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not……She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings or emotions get the upper hand of reason or good sense.5. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not yet fully developed like pin up girls but I felt sure that, given time, she would fill up and become jut as glamorous.6. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction. This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.7. If you were out of the picture, the field would be open.If you are no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) other would be free to compete for her friendship.8. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked, his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away Polly became weaker.9. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted…To teach her to think appeared to be a very big task, and at first I even thought of giving her back to Petey.10. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear.Unit41. Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna……are not needed by a writer.If you want to be musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don't need all this. 2. She would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing3. Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her……the inkpot and flung it at her.Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power4. For though men sensibly allow themselves……condemn such freedom in women.It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions, but if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I don't believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women5. Indeed it will be a long time still, I think……a rock to be dashed against.It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body passions6. Even when the path is nominally open—when there is nothing to prevent a woman…Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman's progress.7. You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.You have gained a position or certain freedom in a society which has been up to now dominated by menUnit31. Yet globalization……is a reality, not a choice.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2. Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign" cultural assault"3. Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.In China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance4. Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences5. Westernization…is a phenomenon shot with inconsistence and populated by bedfellows. Westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views6. You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you don't need to be fashionable yourself, all you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant7. He…was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet, with people living in different time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8. In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.The Gucci store didn't expect the first two weeks of its opening in shanghai business could be so good9. Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through…From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global culture as globalization, to guide me through such a great variety of cultural phenomena 10. The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by allUnit21. I pictured this prodigy part of me as……each one on for size.I visualized what I would look like as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which onewould suit me best2. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts……filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts occurred to me, thoughts that I intended deliberately to be a defiant girl, and I would say lots of "I won't ~~"to my mom.3. The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things……awful side of me had surfaced, at last.As I blurted these words out, I felt that something nasty had got out of my chest, and so I felt disgusted. But at the same time, I felt good and relieved, because those nasty thoughts had been suppressed in my heart for a long time and now they had got out at last5. And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill out.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where she was at the very verge of losing herself-control, I wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6. The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams.Unit11.The job of arousing manhood within a people……is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom……against long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3. The Negro will only be free when he……assertive manhood his own emancipationproclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro themselves, only when a Negro is fully convinced that he/she is a man/woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4. Power at its best is love……correcting everything that stands against love.Power in its best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and。