- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2. 形容词前缀 (1)un-: unhappy, unfair, unimportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary等。 (2)im-: impossible, impolite, impatient等。 (3)in-: inactive, inconvenient, incorrect等。 (4)dis-: disabled, dishonest等。
(4)too/how+adj. +a/an+单数名词的固定句型 (5)as many+复数名词+as. . . 或者as much+不可数名词 +as. . . 和……一样多 (6)表示“两者中较……的一个”, 用“the+比较级”的 结构。
注意: as much+a/an+n. 单数+as. . . 既是……又是…… *It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们通常认为教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。
【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错 1. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _g_r_a_d_u_a_l_ly_(gradual) turned into chopsticks. 2. (2016·四川高考)Chinese scientists r_e_c_e_n_t_ly_(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
12. (2014·辽宁高考)That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. (改错) _c_lo_s_e_ly_改__为__c_l_o_se_
考点2 形容词和副词的基本用法 1. 在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、 与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副词的用法, 如 before, ago, many, much, ever, never等。
thus anyway
逻辑语意 表递进 表递进 表结果 表结果 表让步
意义 再说, 而且 仍然, 依然
因此 因此 无论如何
【点津】注意however是常考词, 而且尤其要注意, 所填 空位于句首时, 勿忘大写第一个字母! 短文改错中可能 会涉及对这些副词逻辑语意的考查。 *Many of us were raised with the saying “Waste not, want not. ”None of us, however, can completely avoid waste in our lives.
(11)n. /v. +(i)ous: curious, dangerous, various, anxious 等。 (12)-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome等。 (13)n. +-y: funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。
3. 否定词十比较级表示最高级 ①Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了, 我之前从来没有听过比这 更好的故事。 ②I can’t agree more. 我非常同意。
【点津】(1)对于形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的考 查具有比较直接化的特点, 常出现标志性的单词, 如as, than等, 也常通过设置语境, 让考生判断用原级、比较 级还是最高级, 所以准确理解语境意义, 理顺上下文逻 辑关系也是解题关键。
2. 有些副词, 如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等, 作评注性状语, 往往修 饰整个句子, 而且它们常位于句首, 且有逗号与后面句 子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点, 有助于快速填空。
3. 连接副词的用法
(5)ir-: irregular, irresponsible等。 (6)il-: illegal等。
3. 副词后缀 一般都是adj. +-ly构成, 如simple→simply等。 【点津】注意以-e结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉e, 有的不去e, 直接加-ly。例如: definite→definitely, true→truly。
Hale Waihona Puke 2. (2014·全国卷Ⅰ)There are so much tomatoes that we often share them with our neighbors. _m_u_c_h_改__为__m__a_n_y_ 3. (2015·陕西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. _w_e_l_l改__为__g_o_o_d_
7. (2014·辽宁高考)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _s_o_ft_ly_ (soft).
8. (2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _su__d_d_e_n_ly_(sudden) became friendly to one another. 9. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. (改错) _s_te_a_d_y_改__为__s_t_e_a_d_il_y_
2. 修饰比较级的副词及副词短语 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many times, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even, no等。见到这些词时, 首先 考虑所填空是否要用比较级或最高级形式。 注意: very, quite, fairly, too等通常修饰原级。
(7)-ern: eastern, southern, western, northern等。 (8)-ful: ①n. +ful: colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。 ②v. +ful: forgetful, careful等。 (9)-less: fearless, harmless, useless, helpless等。 (10)-ly: friendly, lovely, daily, weekly等。
3. (2016·浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, _e_s_p_e_ci_a_l_ly_(especial) if you are travelling at high speed. 4. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _s_lo_w__ly_ (slow) during cool nights.
连接副词 though yet however instead
otherwise besides
逻辑语意 表转折 表转折
表转折, 其后常用逗号 表转折或相反 表转折 表递进
意义 虽然, 然而 然而, 可是 然而, 但是 相反, 代替
否则 另外, 而且
连接副词 moreover
still therefore
(3)-al: international, mental, medical, natural, general 等。 (4)-ant或-ent: instant, distant, constant, important, patient, different, absent等。 (5)-ed或-ing: interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing等。 (6)-en: wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken等。
【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be______(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.
解题关键: 此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪 式上正式授予给我, 根据句子结构可知, 应该使用副词 作状语修饰动词given。 答案判定: officially
4. (2013·全国卷Ⅰ)I remember my grandfather very much. _m_u__ch_改__为__w__e_ll_/c_l_e_a_r_ly_ 5. (2013·全国卷Ⅰ)However, he was the gentlest man I have never known. _n_e_v_e_r_改__为__ev_e_r_
三、形容词和副词
考点1 形容词和副词的词形变化 1. 形容词后缀 (1)-able: ①v. +able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable等。 ②n. +able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable等。 (2)-ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible等。