专八语言学练习(真题汇总)2

1. F. de. Saussure is a (n) __________linguist.A. AmericanB. BritishC. SwissD. RussianSwiss linguist. The founder of structural linguistics, he declared that there is only an arbitrary relationship between a linguistic sign and that which it signifies. The posthumously published collection of his lectures,Course in General Linguistics (1916), is a seminal work of modern linguistics.索绪尔，费迪南德·德：(1857-1913) 瑞士语言学家，结构主义语言的创始人，他声称在语言符号和其所指含义之间仅有一种模糊的关系。

他死后，他的讲演集出版为《普通语言学教程》（1916年），是现代语言学的开山之作2.N. Chomsky is a(n) ______linguist.Canadian B. American C. French D. SwissAmerican linguist who revolutionized the study of language with his theory of generative grammar, set forth inSyntactic Structures (1957).乔姆斯基，诺阿姆：(生于1928) 美国语言学家，他在《句法结构》（1957年）一书中所阐述的关于生成语法的理论曾使语言学研究发生突破性进展3.___________is the study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference totheir distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.A.PhonologyB. Lexicography 词典编纂C. lexicology词典学D.Morphology词态词态学音位学研究的是一种语言的整个语音系统及其分布，包括某一特定语言里的语音和音位分部和结合的规律。

TEM8LinguisticsQuestions专八真题语言学英语专业八级考试TEM8之语言学真题1. The modern English began in the century. (00)A. 14thB. 15thC. 16thD. 17th2. Which of the word contains two morphemes?A. Physic.B. International.C. Disapproved.D. Fadism.3. Which of the following words is not formed through derivation? (01)A. Foolish.B. Clockwise.C. Babysit.D. Earthward.4. The sameness or close similarity of meaning refers to .A. polysemyB. homonymyC. antonymyD. synonymy5. is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.A. LingusiticsB. MorphorlogyC. SyntaxD. Language6. Predication analysis is a way to analyze meaning. (02)A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentence7. is not a suprasegmental feature.A. AspirationB. IntonationC. StressD. Tone8. “The orphan has no father” is a case of .A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. contradictionD. tautology9. can be simply defined as the study of meaning. (03)A. SyntaxB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Linguistics10. Which of the following is NOT one of the major branches of linguistics?A. Phonetics.B. Syntax.C. Synchronic.D. Semantics.11. Which of the following words contain one bound morphemes?A. Disappearance.B. Untouchable.C. Desirability.D. Physician.12. In semantics, refers to the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. (04)A. senseB. synonymC. homonymD. reference13. The duality of the language is .A. letters and soundsB. sounds and symbolsC. symbols and meaningD. sounds and meaning14. Of all the speech organs, the is/are the most flexible.A. lipsB. mouthC. tongueD. vocal cords15. Syntax is the study of . (05)A. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD. word formation16. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Productivity.C. Cultural transmission.D. Finiteness.17. The Speech Act Theory was first put forward by .A. John SearleB. John AustinC. Noam ChomskyD. Halliday18. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of . (06)A. referenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. context19. The words “ kid, child, offspring” are examples of .A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistics synonymsC. emotive synonymsD. collocational synonyms20. The distinction between parole and langue was made by .A. HallidayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. Saussure21. refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation. (07)A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics22. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT .A. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic23. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean“ the tail of any animal”. This is an example of .A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning24. Which of the following is NOT a design features of human language? (08)A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.25. What type of sentence is “ Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the above.26. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called .A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy27. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and productionis . (09)A. corpus linguisticsB. sociolinguisticsC. theoretical linguisticsD. psycholinguistics28. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers ofdifferent languages for purposes of trading is called .A. dialectB. idiolectC. pidginD. register29. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone toopen the window, he is performing .A. an illocutionary actB. a perlocutionary actC. a locutionary actD. none of the above.30. ___ refers to the learning and development of a language.(10)A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction31. Language is a tool of communic ation. The symbol “Highway Closed” on ahighway serves ___.A. an expressive functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive function32. ___ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind. (11)A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics33. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ___.A. absence of obstructionB. presence of obstructionC. manner of articulationD. place of articulation34. The definition “the act of using, or promoting the use of, several languages, etherby an individual speaker or by community of spea kers” refers to ___.A. PidginB. CreoleC. MultilingualismD. Bilingualism35. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be vowel. This is a(n) ___. (12)A. assimilation ruleB. sequential ruleC. deletion ruleD. grammar rule36. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A. APEC.B. Motel.C. Xerox.D. Disco.37. The type of language which is selected as appropriate toa particular type of situation is called ___.A. registerB. dialectC. slangD. variety。

语言学第二章专业八级练习题3. Of the following sound combinations, only is permissible.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk9. Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair?A. cat/batB. put/butC. jig/pigD. sit/bit11.If two sounds are in complementary distribution, they are of the same phoneme.A. symbolsB. allophonesC. phonesD. signs18. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are .A. homophonesB. homographsC. complete homonymsD. allophones30. Where are the vocal cords ?A. in the mouthB. in the nasal cavityC. above the tongueD. inside the larynx32._____ studies the sound systems in a certain language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Syntax39.Distinctive features are used to describe________ .A. phonesB. phonologyC. AllophonesD. phonemes40. The English word "untouchable" is composed of ____ morphemes .A. fourB. threeC. twoD. five42. “The Adam's Apple” is ____ . .A. a kind of appleB. related to AdamC. the front part of larynxD. on the top of larynx46. In the production of consonants at least articulators{发音器官}are involved.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four49. V oiceless sounds are produced when the vocal folds are .A. closedB. apartC. totally closedD. completely open51. involve more than one manners of articulation .A. StopsB. FricativesC. AffricatesD. Laterals52.Which is NOT true for the vowel [i] ?A. HighB. UnroundedC. MidD. Front55. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in .A. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of airstreamsC. the position of the tongueD. The shape of the lips56. studies how speech sounds are made, transmitted and received .A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PhonemeD. Phonics57. sounds are produced with the back of the tongue and the soft palate.A. V elarB. PalatalC. GottalD. Alveolar59.Where is the primary stress of the word "phonology" ?A.phoB. noC.loD.gy60. refers to the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.A. Locutinary actB. Illocutinary actC. Perlocutionary actD. Speech act64.A (n) is the smallest unit of sound in a language , which can distinguish two words .A. morphemeB. soundC. phonemeD. allophone65. Productivity is one of the features of languages .A. distinctiveB. designC. SuprasegmentalD. pragmatic66. What is the common feature of the three sounds: [b], [p], [m] ?A. V oicelessB. V oicedC. NasalD. Bilabial69. “voiced fricatives -> voiceless/ voiceless” is a .A. phonological ruleB. syntactic ruleC. phrase structure ruleD. functional rule73. Which of the following statements are NOT true for vowels?A. V owels are sonorants.B. In the production of vowels, there is no obstruction of air.C. Tongue height is one criterion to distinguish vowels.D. V owels are also called obstruents.74. All syllables must have a ____.A. codaB. onsetC. nucleusD. consonant75. Ikaps is not a possible word form in English due to ____.A. sonority scaleB. phonological ruleC. syntactic ruleD. morphological rule83. Which of the following criteria can NOT be used to classify vowels?A The part of the tongue that is held highestB The openness of the mouthC The vibration of the vocal cordsD The shape of the lips87. If a phoneme is substituted for another in a word and the substitution results in a change of the word meaning, the two phonemes are said to be_____.A minimal pairB minimal setC distinctive phonemesD distinctive features92. Which of the following is not a Supersegmental feature?A. SyllableB. StressC. ToneD. V oicelessness97. Which of the following English sounds is NOT bilabial?A.［b ］B. ［m ］C.［p ］D.［f ］103. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?A .［w ］ B. ［m ］ C. ［b ］ D.［p ］127. _____ is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Articulatory phoneticsC. Acoustic phoneticsD. Phonology128. /l/ is the only ____ in English.A. fricativeB. affricativesC. nasalD. lateral129. [f, v ] are both labiodentals and _______.A. nasalsB. fricativesC. affricativesD. alveolar130. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the Danish grammarian .A. Otto JespersenB. Daniel JonesC. A. J. EillsD. A. M. Bell131. The Sound Patterns of English (SPE 1968) mainly deals with ____.A. multi-level phonologyB. non-linear phonologyC. super segment phonologyD. linear approach of phonology132. In Chinese Putonghua, only ____ can occur after the vowel.A. nasalsB. stopsC. lateralD. vowel答案：1.C2.A3.A4.B5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B 10.A11.B 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.C 21.A 22.D 23A. 24.C 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.D 29.B 30.D 31.B 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.D 44.B 45.A 46.B 47.B 48.D 49.B 50.B 51.C 52.C 53.B 54.C 55.B 56.A 57.A 58.C 59.B 60.A61.B 62.D 63.B 64.C 65.B 66.D 67.D 68.B 69.A 70.B71.B 72.A 73.D 74C 75.A 76.D 77.C 78.D. 79.D 80.A81.B 82.B 83.C 84.C 85.B 86.A 87.C 88.B 89.A 90.D91.A 92.D 93.D 94.A 95.B 96.A 97.D 98.A 99.C 100.A101.B 102.A 103.D 104.D 105.A 106.D 107.C 108.D 109.A 110.A 111.A 112.B 113.B 114.A 115.D 116.D 117.A 118.C 119.C 120.A 121.D 122.A 123.A 124.C 125.B 126.B 127.C 128.D 129.B 130.A 131.D 132.A 133.D 134.C 135.A 136.B 137.A 138.B 139.C 140.C 141.C 142.D 143.C 144.D 145.B 146.A 147.B 148.A 149.B 150A。

精品文档专八语言学试题一1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned isknown as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule S→NP VP, the arrow can be read as __________.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. I bought some roses __________ I bought some flowers.A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.精品文档．精品文档A. sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemispherein most people? __________.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet”‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula S→NP VP.()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phrase精品文档．精品文档D.sentence6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.()misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _______.()A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.()nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案 1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A专八语言学试题三1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouth精品文档．精品文档B. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3.The morpheme vision in the common word elevision is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme4.A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator5.Can I borrow your bike? ___ You have a bike.A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing8.___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, inaddition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulationof utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language,namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons精品文档．精品文档D. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10.According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition答案 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night”as “light”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __worD.()A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()精品文档．精品文档rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.()ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman”can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitraryKey: B2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorableatmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocative精品文档．精品文档Key: A4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.A. intonationB. toneC. phonemeD. sentence stressKey: A8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sounD.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.精品文档．精品文档A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.A. hyponymsB. compoundsC. blendsD. allomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.A. concordB. governmentC. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotativeC. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as ______.A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourse精品文档．精品文档D. idiolectKey: A17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between dead and alive is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The words encore and au pair are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.a. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language a. native English wordsB. borrowed wordsC. echoic wordsD. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]a. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateral精品文档．精品文档Key: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.a. dentalB. alveolarC. palatalD. labiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.a. affricatesB. fricativesC. bilabialD. oral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correcta. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeB. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.C. Allophones distinguish meaning.D. Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morphemea. ableB. petC. changeD. dustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word dischargeda. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes onlya. happinessB. televisionC. ecologyD. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.a. interchangeabilityB. productivityC. cultural transmissionD. arbitrariness精品文档．精品文档Key: c31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula S→NP VP.A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalKey: B34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipientshould stay adjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. Case ParameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: A37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic精品文档．精品文档B. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _______.A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisitionA. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words kowtow and ea are loanwords from _______.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymy精品文档．精品文档D. compoundingKey: A44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between animal and lamb is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.A. associativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: D49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey:50. The relation betweenose andlower is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymy精品文档．精品文档D. homonymyKey: C51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: C52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between competence and performance was made by______ .A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.A. dentalB. bilabialC. velarD. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word internationalism should be regarded as a ___________ .A. rootB. stemC. prefixD. suffixKey: B57. Words such as elex and workfare are created through ___________.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversion精品文档．精品文档D. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as John is a student. belongs to __________construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. coordinateD. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship between male andemale is _________.A. complementarityB. gradabilityC. relational oppositesD. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.A. sentenceB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. utteranceKey: B精品文档．。

专八人文知识：语言学部分精选试题（附答案）专八人文知识：语言学部分精选试题本文是根据最新专八考试大纲针对人文知识的要求，从语言学内容精选出的考前自测试题。

1.Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?A. Language is a systemB. Language is symbolicC. Animals also have languageD. Language is arbitrary2.Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?A. SymbolicB. DualC. ProductiveD. Arbitrary3.What is the most important function of language?A. InterpersonalB. PhaticC. InformativeD. Metalingual4.Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. HallidayD. Anonymous5.According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language?A. competenceB. paroleC. performanceD. langue6.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it?" is .A. informativeB. phaticC. directiveD. performative7.Articulatory phonetics mainly studies .A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechB. the perception of soundsC. the combination of soundsD. the production of sounds8.The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in .A. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of airstreamC. the position of the tongueD. the shape of the lips9.Which is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics10.Which studies the sound systems in a certain language?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics11.Minimal pairs are used to .A. find the distinctive features of a languageB. find the phonemes of a languageC. compare two wordsD. find the allophones of language/doc/5b8851066.html,ually, suprasegmental features include,length and pitch.A. phonemeB. speech soundsC. syllablesD. stress13.Which is an indispensable part of a syllable?A. CodaB. OnsetC. StemD. Peak14.Which is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content?A. WordB. MorphemeC. AllomorphD. Root15.Which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed?A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. PhonologyD. Semantics16.Lexeme is .A. a physically definable unitB. the common factor underlying a set of formsC. a grammatical unitD. an indefinable unit17.Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English plural morpheme ?A. [s]B. [iz]C. [ai]D. [is]18.All words contain a .A. root morphemeB. bound morphemeC. prefixD. suffix19.The relationship between "fruit" and "apple" isA. homonymyB. hyponymyC. polysemyD. synonymy20.The part of the grammar that represents a speaker's knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is called .A. lexiconB. morphologyC. syntaxD. semantics21.Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?A. genderB. numberC. caseD. voice22.The pair of words "lend" and "borrow" areA. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms23."Big" and "Small" are a pair of opposites.A. complementaryB. gradableC. completeD. converse24.In the following conversation:- Beirut is in Peru, isn't it?- And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.The second person violates theA. Quantity MaximB. Quality MaximC. Relation MaximD. Manner Maxim25.The maxim of requires that a participant's contribution be relevant to the conversation.A. quantityB. qualityC. mannerD. relationCACAA, BDBAB, BDDBA, BCABC,DBBBD。

专八语言学试题一1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP", the arrow can be read as __________.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. "I bought some roses" __________ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.B. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phrase6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.()misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".()A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.()nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A专八语言学试题三1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3.The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme4.A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator5."Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing8.___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10.According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition答案1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in Chi na tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __worD.()A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.()ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitraryKey: B2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: A4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.A. intonationB. toneC. phonemeD. sentence stressKey: A8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sounD.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.A. hyponymsB. compoundsC. blendsD. allomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.A. concordB. governmentC. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotativeC. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as "______".A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourseD. idiolectKey: A17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between "dead" and "alive" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The words "encore" and "au pair " are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.a. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of languagea. native English wordsB. borrowed wordsC. echoic wordsD. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]a. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateralKey: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.a. dentalB. alveolarC. palatalD. labiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.a. affricatesB. fricativesC. bilabialD. oral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correcta. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeB. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.C. Allophones distinguish meaning.D. Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morphemea. ableB. petC. changeD. dustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word dischargeda. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes onlya. happinessB. televisionC. ecologyD. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.a. interchangeabilityB. productivityC. cultural transmissionD. arbitrarinessKey: c31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalKey: B34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. Case ParameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: A37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisitionA. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words "kowtow" and "tea " are loanwords from _______.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyKey: A44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between "animal" and "lamb" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.A. associativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: D49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey:50. The relation between "rose" and "flower" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyKey: C51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: C52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between "competence" and "performance" was made by______ .A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.A. dentalB. bilabialC. velarD. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word "internationalism" should be regarded as a ___________ .A. rootB. stemC. prefixD. suffixKey: B57. Words such as "telex" and "workfare" are created through ___________.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as "John is a student." belongs to __________construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. coordinateD. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship between "male" and "female" is _________.A. complementarityB. gradabilityC. relational oppositesD. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.A. sentenceB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. utteranceKey: B。

【 1 】As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. descriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. prescriptiveD. psycholinguistic【 2 】The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult【 3 】The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in and vocabulary.A. usageB. grammarC. pronunciationD. structure【 4 】According to_____, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been mastered by the language user.A. Roman JacobsonB. Leonard BloomfieldC. Kenneth PikeD. Noam Chomsky【 5 】The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ______.A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner【 6 】Which of the following is NOT related to Noam Chomsky?A. Deep StructureB. Theme and RhemeC. Transformational ComponentD. Surface Structure【7 】The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics【8 】Which of the following are NOT relational antonyms?A. give: receiveB. father: sonC. clever: stupidD. teacher: student【9 】Which is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics ofspeech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription?A. SemanticsB. PhonologyC. PhoneticsD. Pragmatics【10 】“I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of ________A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. dualityD. displacement【11 】Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing【12 】“Don‟t end a sentence with a preposition.” This is an example of _____ rules.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. transformationalD. functional【13 】A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. subordinatorC. prepositionD. particle【14 】refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. PidginC. CreoleD. Standard language【15 】Which of the following is the correct description of [v]?A. voiceless labiodental fricativeB. voiced labiodental stopC. voiceless labiodental stopD. voiced labiodental fricative【16 】According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition【17 】_________meaning is concerned with the relationship between a word andthe thing it refers to.A. DenotativeB. ConnotativeC. AffectiveD. Reflective【18 】Which of the following are gradable antonyms?A. good---badB. male----femaleC. alive----deadD. buy-----sell【19 】Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GermanicB. RomanC. ItalianD. Greek【20 】Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?A. voiceB. numberC. caseD. gender【21 】In the following conversation:- Beirut is in Peru, isn't it?- And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.The second person violates the__________.A. Quantity MaximB. Quality MaximC. Manner MaximD. Relation Maxim【22 】There are__________ diesis in the sentence she has sold it here yesterday.A. 6B.5C. 4D. 3【23 】The sense relation between ewe and sheep is _________A. synonymB. polysemyC. hyponymyD. homonymy【24 】The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism【25 】In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. ScandinavianC. CelticD. Roman【26 】“Can I borrow your bike?” _____ “ You have a bike.”A. presupposesB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. is synonymous with【27 】When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing__________.A. a perlocutionary actB. an illocutionary actC. a locutionary actD. none of the above【28 】The original meaning of wife is _______.A. a married womanB. a young womanC. womanD. widowed woman【29 】“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.A. the conceptualist viewB. behaviorismC. the naming theoryD. contexutalism【30 】In Shakespearean line …rats and mice and such small deer‟, deer obviously designates …_____‟ in general.A. animalB. a doeC. a deer-like animalD. buck【 1 】Arbitrariness means you can use languages in any way you like.【 2 】The meaning of meat changed by mode of degradation.【 3 】One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their etymology.【 4 】In some languages, grammatical gender had little to do with the biological sex.【 5 】Geographical barriers are the only source of regional variation of language. 【 6 】Language change is a gradual and constant process, therefore often indiscernible to speakers of the same generation.【7 】The naming theory is one of the oldest notions concerning meaning. According to this theory, the linguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for.【8 】Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another.【9 】A person‟s social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.【10 】A linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the "polite" society from general use.【 1 】C is a word-formation whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another without the addition of an affix.【 2 】The p relation is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in structure, or between one element present and the others absent.【 3 】Affective meaning indicates the speaker‟s a towards the person or thing in question.【 4 】Homonymy refers to cases where lexemes with the same phonological or m_________________ shape have different meanings.【 5 】Cooperative principle: Make your conversational contribution such as required at the stage at which it occurs by the accepted p or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.【 6 】Speakers give us clues about when they are finished speaking, about when they are going to change a topic, or when they expect us to speak or not to speak. These clues are known as discourse m .【7 】The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .【8 】 A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a m of communication among groups of people from diverse linguistic backgrounds.【9 】The t is the starting point for the message; it is the ground from which the clause is taking off.【10 】Language is a : no intrinsic connection between the word and the thing it denotes, e.g. “pen” by any other name is the thing we use to write with.1~5：Conversion paradigmatic attitude morphological purpose6~10：markers bilabial medium theme arbitrary。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识分类模拟题2单项选择题1. Which of the following is NOT correct?A.Polysemy is the phenomenon that the same one word may have more than one meaning.B.Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.C.Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.D.Antonymy is used for the sameness or close similarity of meaning.答案：DA项polysemy一词多义现象表示同一个词有多个意义；B项homonymy同形异义关系指某些词的意义不同，但是具有相同形式的现象，即不同的词在发音或拼写上一样，或发音拼写都一样；C项hyponymy(下义关系)是指一个更广义、更具有包容性的词与一个更具体的词之间的意义关系。

D项antonymy(反义关系)指意义上的对立，而不是意义上的相同或相近(synonymy)。

2. "Bow"(v.)and "bow" (n.) are ______.A.homophonesB.homographsplete homonymsD.partial homonyms答案：B“Bow”(v.)and“bow”(n.)，发音不同，是homographs(同形异义词)；比较piece和peace，拼写不同，是homophones(同音异义词)。

3. "Scale" (v.) and "scale" (n.) are ______.A.homophonesB.homographsplete homonymsD.partial homonyms答案：C“scale”(v.)表示“称重、攀登”等意，“scale”(n.)表示“天平，规模”等意，而两词的发音和拼写都相同，故为同形异义词。