普通高等学校2018届高三招生全国统一考试模拟(四)英语试题Word版含答案(高中 高三 英语试题)

试卷编号：190042019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷iREAD中学英语测评（命题）研宄中心I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A professor. B. A coach. C. A shop assistant. D. A school librarian.2. A. People often invite him to parties. B. He does not like to attend parties.C. He does not work on Fridays.D. People enjoy his company.4. A. He does not know Amy‟s new phone number.B. He forgot to phone Amy earlier today.C. Amy‟s phone number has not changedD. The woman should ask Amy for the phone number.5. A. He doesn't care about what Professor Smith said.B. Professor Smith will forgive him for his absence.C. He has never missed Professor Smith‟s class.D. Professor Smith was not in class today.6. A. She is going to start a new experiment.B. She is planning to finish the experiment on Friday.C. She has been given more time to finish the experiment.D. She has no plan for when to start the experiment.7. A. Nancy will go play tennis soon.B. He is much less patient than Nancy.C. The woman should play tennis with Nancy.D. Nancy should pick up her bat at the post office.8. A. She thinks the man is funny. B. She got sick from last night‟s dinner.C. She feels better than she did last night.D. She will meet the man for dinner tonight.9. A. He thinks Betty should take a business class.B. He got angry with Betty at the meeting.C. He admires Betty for expressing her opinion.D. He did not understand what Betty said.10. A. He did not pay attention to the time. B. His class lasted longer than usual.C. He got lost on the way to the movie.D. He did not know what time the movie started.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Applying some time in advance. B. Being wealthy enough.C. Owning a restaurant.D. Destroying his own college room.12. A. They cause damage to the place where they meet.B. They have begun to enroll girl students recently.C. They have never been arrested despite what they do.D. They are allowed by the police to break something not so valuable.13. A. Club members are usually young but mature.B. Club members don‟t need to regret their deeds.C. Some from club members have become important people.D. Some former club members actually don‟t like what they did.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The development of the Elm Society. B. Growing new kinds of elm trees.C. The importance of elm trees.D. A problem affecting the American elm.15. A. The extremely dry weather.B. Insects that introduce some bacteria to the tree.C. Nearby stronger trees that get more water.D. Bugs that destroy the trees' roots.16. A. By controlling the carriers of the disease. B. By growing a stronger kind of the elm.C. By watering infected elm trees.D. By cutting down all infected elms. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. In a classroom. B. On the beach. C. In a physics lab. D. On the train.18. A. How to walk on the hot sand. B. How to stay cool on a hot day.C. What happened in physics class.D. What is meant by specific heat.19. A. The hot sand. B. The cold water. C. His physics class. D. His college.20. A. Its temperature does not change very much.B. Its specific heat is hard to measure.C. It takes quite a lot of energy to raise its temperature.D. It becomes warmer as it comes in contact with sand.II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Let your body do the talking!Y ou‟re going for that all-important interview—for a place in a new school or college, or for anew job. Y ou walk into the room and there they are—the interviewers—waiting to see (21)_________ you are made of?But did you know that the actual words you speak are (22) _________ (important) than the wayyou look，the way you behave? Remember, they won‟t just be listening to you, they‟ll be watchingyou too,（23) _________ (receive) all the messages you send out, consciously or unconsciously. Andthen they‟ll decide whether you are the right person for that place or that job. Nervous? Don‟t be. Relax. Just follow the four points.1. Don‟t cross anything! Keep arms, legs, and feet relaxed a nd uncrossed. People with(24)_________ (fold) arms look they‟re trying to protect themselves from something. They seem (25) _________ (say)41 am not confident.‟2. Make direct eye contact! A void looking away all the time because it makes you look suspicious. Look directly at the people who are asking you questions or who you are talking to.(26)_________ (lower) your head all the time and they won‟t be able to see the enthusiasm in youreyes.3. Mirror their actions! One of the best ways of gaining people's trust and confidence is tomove in the same way as they do. Listen to the speed (27) _________which they‟re talking, and watchthe way they sit or move around. Do the same, but do it slowly at first. Y ou don‟t want them to think you (28) _________ (make) fun of them.4. Use your head! When somebody asks you a question don't just say the first thing(29) _________comes into your head. Think about your answers. Always say to yourself, 4Why arethey asking this question?‟（30) _________when you know that, you‟ll probably be able to give anappropriate answer!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Clash of the dronesLast year, London's Gatwick Airport had to change the course of flights when a drone A 机）was ______31____ flying nearby. In the UK, there were more than 100 incidents involving drones close to airports in 2017—the most ever, and other countries have seen similar increases. Reports of near _____32_____ are at an all-time high.So authorities are eager to find ways to bring down drones safely and reliab ly. But the task is harder than you might think. That‟s why Dutch police and the country‟s Ministry of Justice and Security ______33____a competition designed to test out the tech required to take out a …naughty‟ drone.Nicknamed as the “anti-drone” compet ition, the aim of DroneClash was to home in on a reliable way to draw illegal or ____34______ drones out of the sky. The organisers put up a$30,000 prize for the best idea.In DroneClash, the teams each had to defend a “queen drone” and use “attack drones” to battle their opponents. To reach the queens, the attackers had to travel through the Hallway of Doom Death and Destruction, which included a variety of counter-drone ______35____ such as bright lights，smoke and a net launcher. “DroneClash is like Robo t Wars in the air, ‟‟ says Bart Remes at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, one of the competition‟s organisers.Teams could score points for taking down other drones, but____36______points were awarded for stopping drones, grabbing them and safely placing them in a nearby box. Although many teams were keeping their ____37______ secret, some had developed methods for safely drawing drones out of the air in an attempt to get the largest number of points, says Remes.Although the event was _____38_____ to be fun, DroneClash has a more _____39_____side. “I know of one incidence where an ambulance helicopter couldn‟t land because of a drone flying,” says Wiebes. "A UK Department of Transport study last year showed that even a small drone may damage a plane‟s windshield. “We are a(n) ______40____ believer in drones and how they will improve society:‟ says Remes. “But there also need to be no go zones where we can do something against drones for public safety.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I‟ve been fascinated by happiness most of my life. When I was a small boy, I noticed that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways which I, as a child, thought strange. _____41_____, I decidedto understand what happiness was and how best to achieve it. It was not surprising, then, that I decided to study ____42______.On arrival at the University of Chicago fifty years ago, I was______43____ to find that academic psychologists were trying to understand human behaviour by studying rats in a laboratory. I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel. Although my original aim had been to achieve happiness for myself, I became more_____44_____. I decided to build my career on trying to discover what made others happy also. I_____45_____ by studying creative people such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, ______46____ things that just brought them financial rewards.Later, I ____47______the study by inventing a system called …the experience sampling method‟. Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pager for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day. Every time it did so, they_____48_____ where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and how much they were concentrating. This system has now been used on more than 10,000 people and the answers are consistent (一致的)as with_____49_____ people,ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.After carrying out thirty years of research and writing eighteen books, I believe I have _____50_____ that happiness is quite different from what most people imagine. It is not something that can be bought or collected. People need more than just wealth and comfort in order to lead happy lives. I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense _____51_____. This must be the main reasonwhy activities such as music, art, literature and sports have survived. In order to concentrate, whether you're reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that _____52_____your ability. The way to remain continually ____53______therefore, is to keep finding new opportunities to improve your skills. This may mean learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult jobs. As you grow older you have to find new challenges, which are more appropriate to your age.I have spent my life studying happiness and now, as I look back, I wonder if I have ______54____ it. Overall, I think I have and my belief that I have found the____55______ to its secret has increased my happiness immeasurably.41. A. On the whole B. As a result C. To some degree D. In the meanwhile42. A. physiology B. art C. medicine D. psychology43. A. disappointed B. amazed C. relieved D. annoyed44. A. sympathetic B. ambitious C. idealistic D. doubtful45. A. took off B. stood up C. started out D. broke through46. A. not to mention B. as well as C. rather than D. in favour of47. A. expanded B. interpreted C. completed D. evaluated48. A. made up B. objected to C. depended on D. wrote down49. A. creative B. diligent C. common D. important50. A. implied B. proved C. promised D. questioned51. A. awareness B. pressure C. concentration D. desire52. A. affects B. reveals C. underrates D. matches53. A. enduring B. attentive C. original D. happy54. A. achieved B. deserved C. considered D. struck55. A. references B. solutions C. keys D. linksSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that November 24 and 25, 2005 are important dates in the history of modem medicine. At that time, a team of surgeons in France achieved a medical breakthrough when they succeeded in performing the first partial face transplant.A38-year-old Frenchwoman, Isabelle Dinoire, had been badly disfigured when her dogtried to wake her after she had taken some sleeping pills. After the dog's 'attack9, she had terrible injuries. She had lost most of her nose, lips and chin. As a result, she had difficulty eating and drinking. The doctors at the hospital decided to improve the quality of her life by giving her a partial face transplant.Ms Dinoire is making a good recovery after her operation. However, she will have to take drugs for many years to come so that her body does not reject the new face tissue. No one really knows what the effects of these drugs will be on her health in the long term. She will probably also need psychological treatment as she adjusts to her 4new face\Dr Jean-Michel Dubemard, a leading transplant expert who participated in the surgery, explained that the woman's face 'will not exactly resemble her face before, but neither will it completely resemble that of the donor.‟ He said.While some people approve of the operation, others have been more critical. They question whether Ms Dinoire was able to agree to the operation when she was in such an emotional state at the time. Other medical experts say that the team should have tried more traditional reconstruction surgery before risking a face transplant.The operation was the first partial face transplant using skin from another person. Apparently, skin from another person‟s face is usually a better match than skin from another part of the patient‟s body.Since the French operation, surgeons in other countries have received permission to perform face transplants. In a few years, time, surgeons in other countries will probably have carried out many such transplants, and the debate about face transplants will undoubtedly continue.56. What difficulty may Isabelle Dinoire have in the coming years?A. She may start to learn how to eat and drink again.B. She may need several more operations to recover.C. She may meet with some mental problems.D. She may have to get used to another person‟s face.57. What is special about the operation?A. It fails to take the difference between the patient‟s face and the donor‟s into account.B. It was intended to give other countries an example for how to do face transplant.C. No permission from the authorities had been given before it was performed.D. No operation has been carried out before by using a donor‟s face skin.58. Why do some people object to such an operation?A. It costs more than traditional face surgery.B. It may not be of the patient^ own will.C. It has no official regulations to follow.D. It requires doctors' strong emotion.59. What is the passage mainly about?A. The debate over the face transplant.B. The world's first partial face transplant.C. The advantage and disadvantages of face transplants.D. The patient that has undergone a partial face transplant.(B)1. A Beijing woman is so angry with a local cinema that she is suing (^i^) them for wasting her time. Chen Xiaomei is suing the cinema's owners because she was not warned about the 20 minutes of adverts and trailers before the main feature. She is demanding a full refund (35 yuan), a certain amount of money to make up for emotional damage and a written apology. In addition, Xiaomei now says that length of advertisements should be published on its website. In total, they should be less than five minutes, she believes.2. Terrified by the latest horror film? Or in tears at the latest romantic comedy?Soon advertisers will be able to see your reaction to a film, so that adverts can be changed to make them more effective. Technology is now being developed which can capture how the cinema audience reacts. It will give film directors and advertisers useful information about what audiences enjoy and what captures their attention,* says the inventor, Dr Abdul Farooq. The technology will also be used to find pirates who secretly record films and then sell them illegally.3. A German DJ has broken the record for the world‟s longest non-stop radio show. Dominik Schollmayer, 26, ran his show for 169 hours on end, beating the previous record by one hour. Schollmayer was observed by doctors all through his broadcast: they said that the DJ had gone …completely mad‟ and was dancing like a crazy man‟ in the last few hours. At the end, Schollmayer said he was …totally exhausted‟.60. The best title of _______ might be “Who‟s watching the audience?”A. story 1B. story 2C. story 3D. story 461. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the stories above?A. Chen Xiaomei holds that there shouldn‟t be adve rtisements before a filmB. Those who sell films illegally often skip the advertisements.C. The previous record of the world‟s longest non-stop radio show was 168 hours.D. Kim Perez knew she would be proposed to before the weather forecast started.62. Where are the stories above most likely to appear?A. In a newspaperB. In an advertising leafletC. In a travel guideD. In an instruction mamual(C)Neuro-technology has long been a favorite of science-fiction writers. In “Neuromancer”,a wildly inventive book by William Gibson written in 1984，people can use neural(神经的）implants to get into the sensory experiences of others. Iain M. Banks came up with the idea of a neural lace, a mesh（网格）that grows into the brain，in his “Culture” series of novels.“The Terminal Man*' by Michael Crichton, published in 1972, imagines the effects of a brain implant on someone who is convinced that machines are taking over from humans.Where the sci-fi led, philosophers are now starting to follow. In Howard Chizeck‟s l ab at the University of Washington, researchers are working on an implanted device to administer deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in order to treat a common movement disorder called essential tremor. Traditionally, DBS stimulation is always on, wasting energy and robbing the patient of asense of control. The lab‟s ethicist (伦理学家), Tim Brown, a doctoral student of philosophy, says that some DBS patients suffer a sense of isolation and complain of feeling like a robot.To change that, the team at the University of Washington is using neuronal activity associated with intentional movements to turn the device on. But the researchers also want to enable patients to use a conscious thought process to override these settings. That is more useful than it might sound: stimulation currents for essential tremor can cause side-effects like distorted speech, so someone about to give a presentation, say, might wish to shake rather than make his words unclear. Giving humans more options of this sort will be essential if some of the more advanced visions for brain-computer interfaces are to be realized. Hannah Maslen from the University of Oxford is another ethicist who works on a BCI project. One of her jobs is to think through the distinctions between inner speech and public speech: people need a dependable mechanism for separating what they want to say from what they think.That is only one of many ethical questions that the sci-fi versions of brain-computer interfaces bring up. What protection will BCIs offer against neural hacking? Who owns neural data, including information that is gathered for research purposes now but may be understandable in detail at some point in the future? Where does accountability lie if a user does something wrong? And if brain implants are performed not for treatment but to improve peopled abilities, will that make the world an even more unequal place?63. What do the three books mentioned in paragraph 1 have in common?A. They are all among what philosophers like best.B. They all tell the stories well beyond imagination.C. They are all works of the greatest sci-fi writers of the time.D. They all deal with people‟s losing control of their brains.64. The research of the team at the University of Washington is intended to .A. improve the accuracy of DBSB. let patients decide when to turn on DBSC. separate what we think from what we sayD. get rid of the side effects of stimulation currents65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Neuronal activity fails to work without intentional movements.B. Brain-computer interfaces do more harm than good.C. People suffering from essential tremor will shake.D. DBS settings cannot be changed once fixed.66. What will the passage most probably talk about next?A. How these questions will be handled.B. Why these questions used to be ignored.C. Which questions come from science fiction.D. Who has first raised these questions.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentencecan be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The World’s Worst AirportLike expensive watches that never break, the world‟s best airports can be boring. Y ou land, breeze through passport control and check into a hotel within minutes. The experience is pleasant, but not memorable. _______67______ To adapt Tolstoy, lovely airports are all alike, but every (不幸的）airport is wretched in its own way.Consider Juba, the airport in South Sudani capital, which is a hot tent. Planes are often late, so passengers must sweat for hours. The departure hall has no toilets, no food and no queuing system. Lucky is the traveller who finds a chair that is only half-broken. Since dirty water and tropical diseases are common, so are upset stomachs. Tough luck. Travellers should have thought twice before eating salad._________68____ Big important people's servants carry their bags, which are ostentatiously (卖弄地) passed round, not through, the scanner. Since the machine seldom works, little people are in effect up- graded to big important status by not having their bags scanned for guns and explosives, either.South Sudan is at war, so many UN planes take off from Juba carrying aid workers and emergency supplies. _______69______ When a journalist was booked on a UN flight, he was assured by the government that his papers were in order. Y et at the airport he was told to get a fourth permit, as well as the three expensive ones he had already obtained. This required a trip across town. Predictably, he missed his plane.Juba has three terminals, but only one is in use. After South Sudan became independent in 2011, the government planned to build an airy structure of glass, steel and concrete. ______70_______In 2016 the government decided to build a more modest terminal. But it, too, stands half-completed and empty, next to the tented camp that people actually have to use. Travellers are advised to bring a good, long book.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Rubbish on the roof of the worldY ou might think that the top of Mountain Everest, the highest point in the world, would be one of the few places left on the planet that is free from human rubbish. Y ou'd be wrong. In fact, the mountain is covered with the litter left behind by the thousands of climbers who have reached the peak over the last 50 years.Climbing Mount Everest is a tough task that requires a lot of equipment. Oxygen tanks,tents, sleeping bags and food and water supplies are all necessary for a successful ascent. Once climbers have reached the top, they no longer need as much equipment and there is little reason to carry heavy loads back down the mountain, so the temptation is to leave everything behind. In the days when climbing the mountain was a rare occurrence this wasn't a problem. But now, with more than 40 people getting to the top on some days, the amount of litter has become unacceptable.Recently, many well-known mountaineers have been complaining about the problem and Sir Edmund Hillary (1919-2008), the first man to climb Mount Everest (with Tenzing Norgay in 1953), called for a five-year ban on climbing the summit. But thousands of local people rely on the tourism and the government of Nepal is keen to encourage visitors rather than put them off.But now the government of Nepal, in the face of international criticism, has decided to take action. Each expedition that wants to climb the mountain has to play a $4,000 deposit to the Nepalese authorities. The deposit is refunded if the climbers bring their rubbish back down the mountain. Climbers are also encouraged to use metal containers rather than plastic or glass. These can be crushed once they are empty and then recycled by local business which turn them into knives and forks.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.重要的是坚持下去的勇气。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（1-20小题）在笔试结束后进行。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AExhibitions in the British MuseumHokusai: beyond the Great WaveKatsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) is widely regarded as one of Japan's most famous and influential artists.He produced works of astonishing quality right up until his death at the age of 90.This new exhibition will lead you on an artistic journey through the last 30 years of Hokusai's life—a time when he produced some of his most memorable masterpieces.25 May—13 August 2017Room 35Adults￡12,Members/under 16s freePlaces of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950Drawn from the British Museum's rich collection,this is the first exhibition devoted to landscape drawings and watercolours by British artists in the Victorian and modern eras—two halves of very different centuries.23 February—27 August 2017Room 90Free,just drop inScythians: warriors of ancient SiberiaThis major exhibition explores the story of the Scythians—nomadic tribes and masters of mounted warfare,who flourished between 900 and 200 BC.Their encounters with the Greeks,Assyrians and Persians were written into history but for centuries all trace of their culture was lost—buried beneath the ice.14 September 2017—14 January 2018Room 30Adults￡16.50,Members/under 16s freePolitics and paradise: Indian popular prints from the Moscatelli GiftThis display is part of the Museum's contribution to the India-UK Year of Culture 2017.It looks at the popular print culture of India from the 1880s until the 1950s.19 July—3 September 2017Room 90aFree,just drop in21.If you are interested in drawings of natural scenery,you will probably go to______.A.Room 35B.Room 90C.Room 30D.Room 90a22.Which exhibition can you attend in October 2017?A.Hokusai: beyond the Great Wave.B.Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia.C.Places of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950.D.Politics and paradise: Indian popular prints from the Moscatelli Gift.23. Where can we most probably find the passage?A.In a health report.B.In a story book.C.In a parenting magazine.D.In a tour guide.BCeleste Ng,a new writer,has gained recognition for her first novel,Everything I Never Told You.Ng's parents came from Hong Kong,China in the 1960s.Ng was born in America and grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,and Shaker Heights,Ohio,in a family of scientists.Celeste went to Harvard University and earned an MFA from the University of Michigan,where she won the Hopwood Award.Although her novel is not about race,the characters are Asian.The main character is Lydia,a teenage girl,who is the favorite of three children born to a white mother and a Chinese-American father.The story is about Lydia's disappearance,and the emotions the family goes through as the mystery unfolds.The whole family deals with sorrow, regret,and exposed secrets as they search for their lost daughter.Though the characters in this story are Asian,Ng says she didn't really want to include Asiancharacters.She was afraid people would think the story was about real people in her life.Because she grew up in America and doesn't speak Chinese,she was actually surprised that she n characters in the book.The book has taken off,especially on Amazon,where it won the Editor's Pick for No.1 Best Book of the Year in 2014.Ng is still getting used to the attention,saying she is still amazed when people tell her they have read her book. With so many readers,it's safe to say this is a book you should read.But if you're looking for a simple mystery,this book might not be for you.Most readers warn that you should not read this book unless you're prepared to cry.24.The novel Everything I Never Told You______.A.focuses on a family with a missing childB.discusses the ways to get rid of regretC.exposes the secret of the American worldD.talks about the life of teenagers in America25.Which of the following is TRUE according to Celeste Ng?A.She wanted to help the Asian people.B.She was surprised she wrote about Asian characters.C.She was born in Hong Kong and grew up in America.D.She wanted people to know the characters were real people in her life.26.How do most readers probably find the book?A.It's about race.B.It's a sad story.C.It's a simple mystery.D.It has a surprising ending.27.What is the text mainly about?A.Celeste Ng and her family.B.The awards Celeste Ng won.C.Celeste Ng's learning experience.D.Celeste Ng and her best-known novel.CLately a popular eight-floor bookstore in Hefei,Anhui province,has risen to fame because it becomes the world's first shared bookstore,in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.It comes to people's attention as more than 200,000 visitors flooded the store on its first dayas a shared bookstore on July 16 this year,a record high since it was reopened to the public in 2013.Some 4,000 books were brought home on the first day, reported.Customers are allowed to borrow up to two books valued under 150 yuan per visit after registering with an app and paying the 99 yuan deposit fee（押金）.All books on sale in the bookstore are available for sharing.Returned books that are damaged are sold at a discount.The bookstore also provides a bonus for bookworms.People who finish reading 12 books in three months receive eight percent of their deposit back,and members can be rewarded one yuan for every book read."We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books,"Xu Xinwei,who helps run the bookstore,told .Some parents buy a lot of books for their children,but they usually end up collecting dust as their children grow up.Similarly,some popular novels for young people also fall out of fashion,according to Xu."Books are more effectively circulated when they're shared."28.The bookstore becomes a shared one .A.to make more moneyB.to make more room for new booksC.to inspire more people to readD.to recommend new books29.What does the underlined phrase “risen to fam e” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Become well-known.B.Settled down.C.Broken up.D.Taken over.30.What can we infer.from the passage?A.The bookstore was once the best in Anhui province.B.The books that are sold here can't be borrowed.C.More than 4,000 books were taken home on July 16 in 2013.D.The cost of reading can be reduced by sharing the books.31.What does the bookstore do to attract more readers?A.The bookstore encourages parents to buy more books for their children.B.The readers are allowed to borrow the books unconditionally.C.The readers who are members can receive one yuan for every book read.D.The bookstore is considering offering a bonus for anyone who likes reading.DCan exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exerciseearly in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least."This is an animal study,but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important一not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）development during ageing,"says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto,Canada."In humans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to the point of preventing them."Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups,and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box,they froze with fear.Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in a different room.The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations,suggesting they couldn't remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we're young,at least for rats,has influence on brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we're older,"says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston,who has found that,in humans,exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.32.The study shows that______.A.physical activity is important for physical healthing the running wheels is of benefit to the rats' growthC.physical activity can prevent human's Alzheimer's symptomsD.the more exercise a rat has when young,the better memory it will possess when older33.How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?A.By analyzing causes.B.By giving an example.C.By describing the process.D.By showing differences.34.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Exercise.B.Development.C.Benefit.D.Study.35.What is the author's attitude towards the animal study?A.Negative.B.Objective.C.Critical.D.Doubtful.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018 年3 月天津高考英语试卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节：单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1 分，满分15 分）从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例：Stand over there you’ll be able to see it better.A．or B．and C．but D．while答案是B。

1．—Shall I tell John our secret?—No, you mustn’t. .A．Take it easy B．It sounds like a great ideaC．If you don’t mind D．It’s just between you and me 2．Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need to complete the things you want to do.A．it B．that C．them D．ones 3．—What’s wrong with the door?—The key has got stuck in it and come out.A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．won’t4．—I know you want to talk about this report, but I’d like to tell you about our new partner.—_. We can talk about him later.A．Let’s stick to the point B．It’s nice of youC．It’s really hard to say D．Y ou’ll make it5．It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to a good map before you set out.A．study B．display C．deliver D．publish 6．Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, what she thought was necessary.A．ordered B．orderingC．to have ordered D．having been ordered7．There was a long wait at the reception desk, everyone was checking in.A．why B．which C．whom D．where8．I jumped with joy the moment I my driver’s license in the mail.A．receive B．received C．had received D．would receive 9．Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on?A．loss B．heat C．spread D．defence 10．He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was his father had expected.A．why B．how C．that D．what 11．There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money for medical research has been well spent.A．used B．using C．to use D．to be used 12．When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually books that offer useful information.A．point to B．turn to C．attend to D．belong to 13．Make sure you save all your work on screen the computer breaks down.A．in case B．as if C．so that D．even though 14．Jane wishes that she foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.A．studied B．had studiedC．would study D．might have studied15．What was it brought you two together? Was it your love of music?A．as B．who C．that D．which第二节：完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35 各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷1）及答案解析英语第一部分听力 (共两节，满分30分做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £ 9.18.C. £ 9.15.答案是C。

1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give atalk. C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She’s generous.B. She’s curious.C. She’s helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:304. How does the woman go to work?A. By carB. On footC. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分。

满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

普通高等学校2018届高三招生全国统一考试模拟试题(二)数学(文)试题word含答案普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题——文科数学（二）本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题纸上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.已知集合 $A=\{x|x-\frac{1}{2}<0\}$，$B=\{x|x-\frac{(2a+8)}{a(a+8)}<0\}$，若 $A\cap B=A$，则实数 $a$ 的取值范围是A。

$(-4,-3)$B。

$[-4,-3]$C。

$(-\infty,-3)\cup(4,+\infty)$D。

$(-3,4)$2.已知复数 $z=\frac{3+i}{2-3i}$，则 $z$ 的实部与虚部的和为A。

$-\frac{2}{5}+\frac{1}{5}i$B。

$-\frac{2}{5}-\frac{1}{5}i$C。

$\frac{2}{5}+\frac{1}{5}i$D。

$\frac{3}{5}+\frac{2}{5}i$3.某景区管理部门为征求游客对景区管理方面的意见及建议，从景区出口处随机选取 $5$ 人，其中 $3$ 人为跟团游客，$2$ 人为自驾游散客，并从中随机抽取 $2$ 人填写调查问卷，则这 $2$ 人中既有自驾游散客也有跟团游客的概率是A。

$\frac{2}{3}$B。

$\frac{1}{5}$C。

$\frac{2}{5}$D。

$\frac{3}{5}$4.已知双曲线 $E:\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1(a>0,b>0)$ 的离心率为$\frac{\sqrt{10}}{3}$，斜率为 $-\frac{3}{2}$ 的直线 $l$ 经过双曲线的右顶点 $A$，与双曲线的渐近线分别交于 $M$，$N$ 两点，点 $M$ 在线段$AN$ 上，则 $\frac{AN}{AM}$ 等于A。

2018年-2019年浙江英语高考普通高等学校招生全国统一考试真题及答案（权威版）2018年卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

学@科网1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She’s generous.B. She’s curious.C. She’s helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:30.4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What does the woman regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropping out of college.C. Changing her major.7. What is the woman interested in studying now?A. Ecology.B. Education.C. Chemistry.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷1）及答案解析英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上.第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7。

5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt？A。

£19。

15。

B。

£ 9。

18。

C。

£ 9.15。

答案是C。

1. What will James do tomorrow？A。

Watch a TV program. B. Give atalk. C. Write a report。

2. What can we say about the woman?A。

She's generous。

B. She’s curious.C。

She’s helpful.3。

When does the train leave?A. At 6：30。

B。

At 8：30。

C. At 10：304. How does the woman go to work？A。

By car B。

On foot C。

By bike。

5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A。

Classmates。

B。

Teacher and student. C。

Doctor and patient。

第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分.满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟,听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.听第6段材料,回答第6、7题6。

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt？A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.1.What does John find difficult in learning German？A.Pronunciation.B.Vocabulary.C.Grammar.【答案】C【解析】此为听力题，解析略2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A.Colleagues.B.Brother and sister.C.Teacher and student.【答案】A【解析】此为听力题，解析略3.Where does the conversation probably take place？A.In a bank.B.At a ticket office.C.On a train.【答案】B解析略4.What are the speakers talking about？A.A restaurant.B.A street.C.A dish.【答案】A【解析】此为听力题，解析略5.What does the woman think of her interview？A.It was tough.B.It was interesting.C.It was successful.【答案】C【解析】此为听力题，解析略第二节听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）数 学注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

参考公式： 锥体的体积，其中是锥体的底面积，是锥体的高．一、填空题：本大题共14小题，每小题5分，共计70分．请把答案填写在答题卡相应位置上．．．．．．．．． 1. 已知集合，，那么________．2. 若复数满足，其中i 是虚数单位，则的实部为________．3. 已知5位裁判给某运动员打出的分数的茎叶图如图所示，那么这5位裁判打出的分数的平均数为________．4. 一个算法的伪代码如图所示，执行此算法，最后输出的S 的值为________．5. 函数的定义域为________．6. 某兴趣小组有2名男生和3名女生，现从中任选2名学生去参加活动，则恰好选中2名女生的概率为 ________．7. 已知函数的图象关于直线对称，则的值是________．8. 在平面直角坐标系中，若双曲线的右焦点到一条渐近线的距离为，则其离心率的值是________．9. 函数满足，且在区间上， 则的值为________．10. 如图所示，正方体的棱长为2，以其所有面的中心为顶点的多面体的体积为________．11. 若函数在内有且只有一个零点，则在上的最大值与最小值的和为________． 12. 在平面直角坐标系中，A 为直线上在第一象限内的点，，以AB 为直径的圆C 与直线l 交于另一点D ．若，则点A 的横坐标为________．13. 在中，角所对的边分别为，，的平分线交于点D ，且，则的最小值为________．14. 已知集合，．将的所有元素从小到大依次排列构成一个数列．记为数列的前n 项和，则使得成立的n 的最小值为________．二、解答题：本大题共6小题，共计90分．请在答题卡指定区域．．．．．．．内作答，解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤． 15. 在平行六面体中，．此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号求证：（1）；（2）．16. 已知为锐角，，．（1）求的值；（2）求的值．17. 某农场有一块农田，如图所示，它的边界由圆O的一段圆弧（P为此圆弧的中点）和线段MN构成．已知圆O的半径为40米，点P到MN的距离为50米．现规划在此农田上修建两个温室大棚，大棚Ⅰ内的地块形状为矩形ABCD ，大棚Ⅱ内的地块形状为，要求均在线段上，均在圆弧上．设OC 与MN 所成的角为．（1）用分别表示矩形和的面积，并确定的取值范围；（2）若大棚Ⅰ内种植甲种蔬菜，大棚Ⅱ内种植乙种蔬菜，且甲、乙两种蔬菜的单位面积年产值之比为．求当为何值时，能使甲、乙两种蔬菜的年总产值最大．18. 如图，在平面直角坐标系中，椭圆C 过点，焦点，圆O的直径为．（1）求椭圆C及圆O的方程；（2）设直线l与圆O相切于第一象限内的点P．①若直线l与椭圆C有且只有一个公共点，求点P的坐标；②直线l 与椭圆C 交于两点．若的面积为，求直线l的方程．19. 记分别为函数的导函数．若存在，满足且，则称为函数与的一个“S点”．（1）证明：函数与不存在“S点”；（2）若函数与存在“S点”，求实数a的值；（3）已知函数，．对任意，判断是否存在，使函数与在区间内存在“S点”，并说明理由．20. 设是首项为，公差为d 的等差数列，是首项为，公比为q的等比数列．（1）设，若对均成立，求d的取值范围；（2）若，证明：存在，使得对均成立，并求的取值范围（用表示）．数学Ⅱ(附加题)【选做题】本题包括四小题，请选定其中两小题，并在相应的答题区域内作答．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．若多做，则按作答的前两小题评分．解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．21. [选修4—1：几何证明选讲]如图，圆O的半径为2，AB为圆O的直径，P为AB延长线上一点，过P作圆O的切线，切点为C ．若，求BC的长．22. [选修4—2：矩阵与变换]已知矩阵．（1）求的逆矩阵；（2）若点P 在矩阵对应的变换作用下得到点，求点P的坐标．23. [选修4—4：坐标系与参数方程]在极坐标系中，直线l的方程为，曲线C的方程为，求直线l被曲线C截得的弦长．24. [选修4—5：不等式选讲]若x，y，z为实数，且x+2y+2z=6，求的最小值．【必做题】两题，每题10分，共计20分．请在答题卡指定区域．．．．．．．内作答，解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．25. 如图，在正三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1中，AB=AA1=2，点P，Q分别为A1B1，BC 的中点．（1）求异面直线BP与AC1所成角的余弦值；（2）求直线CC1与平面AQC1所成角的正弦值．26. 设，对1，2，···，n的一个排列，如果当s<t 时，有，则称是排列的一个逆序，排列的所有逆序的总个数称为其逆序数．例如：对1，2，3的一个排列231，只有两个逆序(2，1)，(3，1)，则排列231的逆序数为2．记为1，2，···，n的所有排列中逆序数为k 的全部排列的个数．（1）求的值；（2）求的表达式(用n表示)．2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）数 学 答 案1.【答案】{1，8}【解析】分析：根据交集定义求结果.详解：由题设和交集的定义可知：.点睛：本题考查交集及其运算，考查基础知识，难度较小. 2.【答案】2【解析】分析：先根据复数的除法运算进行化简，再根据复数实部概念求结果. 详解：因为，则，则的实部为.点睛：本题重点考查复数相关基本概念，如复数的实部为、虚部为、模为、对应点为、共轭复数为.3.【答案】90【解析】分析：先由茎叶图得数据，再根据平均数公式求平均数.点睛：的平均数为.4.【答案】8【解析】分析：先判断是否成立，若成立，再计算，若不成立，结束循环，输出结果.详解：由伪代码可得，因为，所以结束循环，输出点睛：本题考查伪代码，考查考生的读图能力，难度较小. 5.【答案】[2，+∞）【解析】分析：根据偶次根式下被开方数非负列不等式，解对数不等式得函数定义域.详解：要使函数有意义，则，解得，即函数的定义域为.点睛：求给定函数的定义域往往需转化为解不等式（组）的问题.6.【答案】【解析】分析：先确定总基本事件数，再从中确定满足条件的基本事件数，最后根据古典概型概率公式求概率.详解：从5名学生中抽取2名学生，共有10种方法，其中恰好选中2名女生的方法有3种，因此所求概率为点睛：古典概型中基本事件数的探求方法 (1)列举法.(2)树状图法：适合于较为复杂的问题中的基本事件的探求.对于基本事件有“有序”与“无序”区别的题目，常采用树状图法.(3)列表法：适用于多元素基本事件的求解问题，通过列表把复杂的题目简单化、抽象的题目具体化.(4)排列组合法（理科）：适用于限制条件较多且元素数目较多的题目. 7.【答案】【解析】分析：由对称轴得，再根据限制范围求结果.详解：由题意可得，所以，因为，所以点睛：函数（A >0,ω>0）的性质：(1)；(2)最小正周期；(3)由求对称轴；(4)由求增区间; 由求减区间.8.【答案】2【解析】分析：先确定双曲线的焦点到渐近线的距离，再根据条件求离心率.点睛：双曲线的焦点到渐近线的距离为b ，焦点在渐近线上的射影到坐标原点的距离为a . 9.【答案】【解析】分析：先根据函数周期将自变量转化到已知区间，代入对应函数解析式求值，再代入对应函数解析式求结果.详解：由得函数的周期为4，所以因此点睛：(1)求分段函数的函数值，要先确定要求值的自变量属于哪一段区间，然后代入该段的解析式求值，当出现的形式时，应从内到外依次求值.(2)求某条件下自变量的值，先假设所求的值在分段函数定义区间的各段上，然后求出相应自变量的值，切记代入检验，看所求的自变量的此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号值是否满足相应段自变量的取值范围.10.【答案】【解析】分析：先分析组合体的构成，再确定锥体的高，最后利用锥体体积公式求结果.详解：由图可知，该多面体为两个全等正四棱锥的组合体，正四棱锥的高为1，底面正方形的边长等于，所以该多面体的体积为点睛：解决本类题目的关键是准确理解几何体的定义，真正把握几何体的结构特征，可以根据条件构建几何模型，在几何模型中进行判断；求一些不规则几何体的体积时，常用割补法转化成已知体积公式的几何体进行解决．11.【答案】–3【解析】分析：先结合三次函数图象确定在上有且仅有一个零点的条件，求出参数a ,再根据单调性确定函数最值，即得结果.详解：由得，因为函数在上有且仅有一个零点且，所以，因此从而函数在上单调递增，在上单调递减，所以，点睛：对于函数零点个数问题，可利用函数的单调性、草图确定其中参数取值条件．从图象的最高点、最低点，分析函数的最值、极值；从图象的对称性，分析函数的奇偶性；从图象的走向趋势，分析函数的单调性、周期性等．12.【答案】3【解析】分析：先根据条件确定圆方程，再利用方程组解出交点坐标，最后根据平面向量的数量积求结果.详解：设，则由圆心为中点得易得，与联立解得点D 的横坐标所以.所以，由得或，因为，所以点睛：以向量为载体求相关变量的取值或范围，是向量与函数、不等式、三角函数、曲线方程等相结合的一类综合问题.通过向量的坐标运算，将问题转化为解方程或解不等式或求函数值域，是解决这类问题的一般方法.13.【答案】9【解析】分析：先根据三角形面积公式得条件、再利用基本不等式求最值.详解：由题意可知，,由角平分线性质和三角形面积公式得，化简得，因此当且仅当时取等号，则的最小值为.点睛：在利用基本不等式求最值时，要特别注意“拆、拼、凑”等技巧，使其满足基本不等式中“正”(即条件要求中字母为正数)、“定”(不等式的另一边必须为定值)、“等”(等号取得的条件)的条件才能应用，否则会出现错误.14.【答案】27【解析】分析：先根据等差数列以及等比数列的求和公式确定满足条件的项数的取值范围，再列不等式求满足条件的项数的最小值.详解：设，则由得所以只需研究是否有满足条件的解，此时，，为等差数列项数，且.由得满足条件的最小值为.点睛：本题采用分组转化法求和，将原数列转化为一个等差数列与一个等比数列的和.分组转化法求和的常见类型主要有分段型（如），符号型（如），周期型（如）.15.【答案】答案见解析【解析】分析：（1）先根据平行六面体得线线平行，再根据线面平行判定定理得结论；（2）先根据条件得菱形ABB1A1，再根据菱形对角线相互垂直，以及已知垂直条件，利用线面垂直判定定理得线面垂直，最后根据面面垂直判定定理得结论.详解：证明：（1）在平行六面体ABCD-A1B1C1D1中，AB∥A1B1．因为AB平面A1B1C，A1B1平面A1B1C，所以AB∥平面A1B1C．（2）在平行六面体ABCD-A1B1C1D1中，四边形ABB1A1为平行四边形．又因为AA1=AB，所以四边形ABB1A1为菱形，因此AB1⊥A1B．又因为AB1⊥B1C1，BC∥B1C1，所以AB1⊥BC．又因为A1B∩BC=B，A1B平面A1BC，BC平面A1BC，所以AB1⊥平面A1BC．因为AB1平面ABB1A1，所以平面ABB1A1⊥平面A1BC．点睛：本题可能会出现对常见几何体的结构不熟悉导致几何体中的位置关系无法得到运用或者运用错误，如柱体的概念中包含“两个底面是全等的多边形，且对应边互相平行，侧面都是平行四边形”，再如菱形对角线互相垂直的条件，这些条件在解题中都是已知条件，缺少对这些条件的应用可导致无法证明.16.【答案】（1）（2）【解析】分析：先根据同角三角函数关系得，再根据二倍角余弦公式得结果；（2）先根据二倍角正切公式得，再利用两角差的正切公式得结果.详解：解：（1）因为，，所以．因为，所以，因此，．（2）因为为锐角，所以．又因为，所以，因此．因为，所以，因此，．点睛：应用三角公式解决问题的三个变换角度(1)变角：目的是沟通题设条件与结论中所涉及的角，其手法通常是“配凑”.(2)变名：通过变换函数名称达到减少函数种类的目的，其手法通常有“切化弦”、“升幂与降幂”等.(3)变式：根据式子的结构特征进行变形，使其更贴近某个公式或某个期待的目标，其手法通常有：“常值代换”、“逆用变用公式”、“通分约分”、“分解与组合”、“配方与平方”等.17.【答案】（1）矩形ABCD的面积为800（4sinθcosθ+cosθ）平方米，△CDP的面积为1600（cosθ–sinθcos θ），sinθ的取值范围是[，1）．（2）当θ=时，能使甲、乙两种蔬菜的年总产值最大【解析】分析：（1）先根据条件求矩形长与宽，三角形的底与高，再根据矩形面积公式以及三角形面积公式得结果，最后根据实际意义确定的取值范围；（2）根据条件列函数关系式，利用导数求极值点，再根据单调性确定函数最值取法.详解：解：（1）连结PO并延长交MN于H，则PH⊥MN，所以OH=10．过O作OE⊥BC于E，则OE∥MN，所以∠COE=θ，故OE=40cosθ，EC=40sinθ，则矩形ABCD的面积为2×40cosθ（40sinθ+10）=800（4sinθcosθ+cosθ），△CDP的面积为×2×40cosθ（40–40sinθ）=1600（cosθ–sinθcosθ）．过N作GN⊥MN，分别交圆弧和OE的延长线于G 和K，则GK=KN=10．令∠GOK =θ0，则sinθ0=，θ0∈（0，）．当θ∈[θ0，）时，才能作出满足条件的矩形ABCD，所以sinθ的取值范围是[，1）．答：矩形ABCD的面积为800（4sinθcosθ+cosθ）平方米，△CDP的面积为1600（cosθ–sinθcosθ），sinθ的取值范围是[，1）．（2）因为甲、乙两种蔬菜的单位面积年产值之比为4∶3，设甲的单位面积的年产值为4k，乙的单位面积的年产值为3k（k>0），则年总产值为4k×800（4sinθcosθ+cosθ）+3k×1600（cosθ–sinθcosθ）=8000k（sinθcosθ+cosθ），θ∈[θ0，）．设f（θ）= sinθcos θ+cosθ，θ∈[θ0，），则．令，得θ=，当θ∈（θ0，）时，，所以f（θ）为增函数；当θ∈（，）时，，所以f（θ）为减函数，因此，当θ=时，f（θ）取到最大值．答：当θ=时，能使甲、乙两种蔬菜的年总产值最大．点睛：解决实际应用题的步骤一般有两步：一是将实际问题转化为数学问题；二是利用数学内部的知识解决问题.18.【答案】（1）椭圆C的方程为；圆O的方程为（2）①点P 的坐标为；②直线l的方程为【解析】分析：（1）根据条件易得圆的半径，即得圆的标准方程，再根据点在椭圆上，解方程组可得a ,b ，即得椭圆方程；（2）第一问先根据直线与圆相切得一方程，再根据直线与椭圆相切得另一方程，解方程组可得切点坐标.第二问先根据三角形面积得三角形底边边长，再结合①中方程组，利用求根公式以及两点间距离公式，列方程，解得切点坐标，即得直线方程.详解：解：（1）因为椭圆C的焦点为，可设椭圆C 的方程为．又点在椭圆C上，所以，解得因此，椭圆C 的方程为．因为圆O的直径为，所以其方程为．（2）①设直线l与圆O 相切于，则，所以直线l的方程为，即．由，消去y，得．（*）因为直线l与椭圆C有且只有一个公共点，所以．因为，所以．因此，点P的坐标为．②因为三角形OAB的面积为，所以，从而．设，由（*）得，所以．因为，所以，即，解得舍去），则，因此P的坐标为．综上，直线l的方程为．点睛：直线与椭圆的交点问题的处理一般有两种处理方法：一是设出点的坐标，运用“设而不求”思想求解；二是设出直线方程，与椭圆方程联立，利用韦达定理求出交点坐标，适用于已知直线与椭圆的一个交点的情况.19.【答案】（1）证明见解析（2）a的值为（3）对任意a>0，存在b>0，使函数f（x）与g（x）在区间（0，+∞）内存在“S点”．【解析】分析：（1）根据题中“S点”的定义列两个方程，根据方程组无解证得结论；（2）同（1）根据“S点”的定义列两个方程，解方程组可得a的值；（3）通过构造函数以及结合“S点”的定义列两个方程，再判断方程组是否有解即可证得结论.详解：解：（1）函数f（x）=x，g（x）=x2+2x-2，则f′（x）=1，g′（x）=2x+2．由f（x）=g（x）且f′（x）= g′（x ），得，此方程组无解，因此，f（x）与g（x）不存在“S”点．（2）函数，，则．设x0为f（x）与g（x）的“S”点，由f（x 0）与g（x0）且f ′（x 0）与g′（x0），得，即，（*）得，即，则．当时，满足方程组（*），即为f （x）与g（x）的“S”点．因此，a 的值为．（3）对任意a>0，设．因为，且h（x）的图象是不间断的，所以存在∈（0，1），使得，令，则b>0．函数，则．由f（x）与g （x）且f′（x）与g′（x），得，即（**）此时，满足方程组（**），即是函数f（x）与g（x）在区间（0，1）内的一个“S点”．因此，对任意a>0，存在b>0，使函数f（x）与g（x）在区间（0，+∞）内存在“S点”．点睛：涉及函数的零点问题、方程解的个数问题、函数图象交点个数问题，一般先通过导数研究函数的单调性、最大值、最小值、变化趋势等，再借助函数的大致图象判断零点、方程根、交点的情况，归根到底还是研究函数的性质，如单调性、极值，然后通过数形结合的思想找到解题的思路.20.【答案】（1）d的取值范围为．（2）d的取值范围为，证明见解析。

英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。

附录1语音项目表1.基本读音•26个字母的读音•元音字母在重读音节中的读音•元音字母在轻读音节中的读音•元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音•常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音•辅音字母组合的读音•辅音连缀的读音•成节音的读音2.重音•单词重音•句子重音3.读音的变化•连读•失去爆破•弱读•同化4.语调与节奏•意群与停顿•语调•节奏1.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用2.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧3.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表1.名词3.可数名词及其单复数4.不可数名词5.专有名词6.名词所有格2.代词1.人称代词2.物主代词3.反身代词4.指示代词5.不定代词6.疑问代词3.数词1.基数词2.序数词(1)介词和介词短语(2)连词(3)形容词(比较级和最高级)(4)副词(比较级和最高级)(5)冠词(6)动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(1)一般将来时(2)现在进行时(3)过去进行时(4)过去将来时(5)将来进行时(6)现在完成时(7)过去完成时(8)现在完成进行时(1)被动语态(2)非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语(1)简单句的基本句型(2)主谓一致(3)并列复合句(4)主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句(1)间接引语(2)省略(3)倒装(4)强调(5)虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表(1)社会交往(Social Communications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells)(4)感谢(Thanks)(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)提供帮助(Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会(Making appointments)(12)打电话(Making telephone calls)(13)就餐(Having meals)(14)就医(Seeing the doctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Asking the way)(17)谈论天气(T alking about weather)(18)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(W arning and prohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)(2)态度(Attitudes)(1)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(2)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(3)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(4)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(5)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(1)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(2)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(3)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(4)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(5)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(6)冷淡(Indifference)(7)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation) 3.情感(Emotions)(8)高兴(Happiness)(9)惊奇(Surprise)(10)忧虑(Worries)(11)安慰(Reassurance)(12)满意(Satisfaction)(13)遗憾(Regret)(14)同情(Sympathy)(15)恐惧(Fear)(16)愤怒(Anger)4.时间(Time)(44)时刻(Point of time)(1)时段(Duration)(2)频度(Frequency)(3)时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)(4)位置(Position)(5)方向(Direction)(6)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(7)存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7.特征(Features)(8)形状(Shape)(9)颜色(Colour)(1)材料(Material)(2)价格(Price)(3)规格(Size)(4)年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)(1)长度(Length)(2)宽度(Width)(3)高度(Height)(4)数量(Number)9.比较(Comparison)(5)同级比较(Equal comparison)(6)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(7)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10.逻辑关系(Logical relations)(8)原因和结果(Cause and effect)(9)目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupations)(1)工作(Jobs)(2)单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表(1)个人情况(Personal information)(2)家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family,friends and people around)(3)周围的环境(Personal environments)(4)日常活动(Daily routines)(5)学校生活(School life)(6)兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)(7)个人感情(Emotions)(8)人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)(9)计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)(10)节假日活动(Festivals,holidays and celebrations)(11)购物(Shopping)(12)饮食(Food and drink)(13)健康(Health)(14)天气(Weather)(15)文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)(16)旅游和交通(T ravel and transport)(17)语言学习(Language learning)(18)自然(Nature)(19)世界与环境(The world and the environment)(20)科普知识与现代技术(P opular science and modern technology)(21)热点话题(T opical issues)(22)历史与地理(History and geography)(23)社会(Society)(24)文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5词汇表Aa(an)art abandon v ability nable a abnormal aab o ar d prep abolish v abortion n about ad&prep above prep,a&ad ab r o ad ad abrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a&n absurd a abundant aab u se v academic a&n academy n accelerate v accent n accept v access n&v accessible a accident n accommodation naccomp any v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v&n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre n across prep act n&v action n active a activity n actor n actress n actual a acute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation naddvaddicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a&n adopt vad or e vadult nadv ance v&n adv antage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise v advocate vaffair naffect v affection n afford vafraid aAfrica n African a&n after ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s)ad again ad against prepage nagency n agenda nagent n aggressive aago adagr ee v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n&vAIDS naim n&vair naircraft nairline nairmail n airplane n airport n airspace nalarm n&valbum nalcohol n alcoholic a&n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pron allergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad&prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum)n always adamv(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze v amazing a amb assad or n amb assadress n ambi guous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n&v ample a amuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v&n ancient aand conjane cd ot e n anger nangle nangry a animal n ankle n anniversary n ann ou nce v annoy v annual a another a&pron answer n&v ant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious a any pron&a anybody pron anyhow ad any one pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad ap art ad&a ap artmen t n apologize v apology n app ar en t a appeal v&n ap pe ar v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v&n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v app oin tmen t n appreciate v appreciation n appr o ach n&v appropriate a approval nappr ove v approximately ad apr on n arbitrary aarch n architect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nar gue var g ume nt n arise(arose,arisen) varithmetic n arm n&v armchair narmy nar oun d ad&prep arrange v arrangemen t n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle n artificial aartist nas ad,conj&prepash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a&n aside ad ask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assu me v assumption n astonish v att e nd vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naun t nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic a autonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a&navoid vawake(awoke,awoken)v&astronaut n astr onomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosph e r e n atom n attach v attack v&n attain v attempt v&n aaward n aware a away adaw e some a awful a awkward aBb aby n bachelor n back ad,a&n b ack ground nbackward(s)adb acon n bacterium(pl bacteria)n bad(worse,worst)ab ad mi n t on nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n&vbanana nband nbandage nb ank nbar nb arbecue nbarber nb arbershop nb are abargain n&vbark v&nbarrier nb ase nbaseball n basement nbasic a basin nbasis nbask et n basketball nb at nbath nbathe vbathroom n bathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was, were,being,been)v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1nbear2vbe ar d nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten)v&n beautiful abeauty nbecause conj become(became,become) vbed nbeddings n bedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conj beg vbegin(began,begun)v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) behind prep&ad being nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent)v beneath prep beneficial a benefit n&vbent a&nbeside prep besides prep&ad betray vbe tw e en prepbey ond prep bicycle nbid v&nbig a nbike=bicycle nbill nbingo nbiochemistry nbiography nbiology nbird nbirth nbirthday nbirthplace nbiscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten)vbitter ablack a&nblackboard nblame n&vblank n&ablanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n&vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown)vblue n&aboard n&vboat nbod y nboil v bomb n&v bond n&v bone n bonus n book n&v boom n&v boot n booth nbor der n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a&pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v&n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v brain nbrak e n&vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbr e ad nbreak(broke,broken)v&n breakfast nbreak thr ough nbreast nbreath nbr eathe v breathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegr oom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought)v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed)v brochure nbrok en abroom nbrother nbr own n&abrunch nbrush v&n Buddhism n budget nbuffet nbuild(built,built)v building n bunch n bungalow nbu r de n n bureaucratic a burglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed)v&n burst vbury vbus nbu sh n business n businessman/woman(pl businessmen/women) busy abut conj&prep butcher n&vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n&vbuy(bought,bought)v by prepbye int nCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n&vcalm a&vcamel ncamera ncamp n&vcampaign ncan1(could);can’t=canno modalvcan2ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n&vcareful a careless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n&v cassette ncast(cast,cast)v castle ncasual acatncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught)v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n&v caution n cautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling n celebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter)n central acentre(Am center)n century n ceremony ncertain a certificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) nchalk nchallenge n challenging a champion n chance nch ange n&v changeable a channel nchant v&nchaos nchapter n character n characteristic a&ncharge v&n chart nchat n&v cheap acheat n&v check n&v cheek ncheer n&v cheerful a cheers int cheese nchef n chemical a&n chemist n chemistry n cheque(Am check)n chess nchest nchew v chicken nchief a&nchild(pl children)n childhood n chocolate n choice nchoir nchok e n&vchoose(chose,chosen) chopsticks n chorus n Christian n vChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n&vcircuit ncirculate vcircumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate nclassroom nclaw nclay nclean v&acleaner nclear aclerk nclever aclick vclimate nclimb v clinic n clock n clone v close a&ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach n coal n coast n coat n coco a n coffee n coin n coincidence n cok e ncold a&n collar n colleague n collect v collection n college n collision ncolour(Am color) comb n&v combine v n&vcome(came,come)vcomedy ncomfort ncomfortable acommand n&vcomment ncommercial acommit vcommi tmen t ncommittee ncommon acommunicate vcommunication ncommunism ncommunist n&acomp anion ncomp any ncomp ar e vcomp ass ncomp ensat e vcompete vcomp e te nce ncompetition ncomplete a&vcomplex a&ncomponent ncomposition ncomprehension ncompr omise vcompulsory acompu ter nconcentrate vconcept n concern v&n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor nconference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n con sume v contain v container n contemporary a content1n content2a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n&a contribute v contribution n control v&n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n&v cook er n cookie ncool acopy n&v corn ncorner n corporation n correct v&a correction n correspond v corrupt a&v cost n&v cosy(Am cozy)a cottage n cotton n&a cou g h n&v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n couragencourse ncourt n courtyard n cousin n cover n&v cow ncrash v&n crayon n crazy a cream n create v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal n criterion(pl criteria) ncrop ncross n&v crossing n crossroads n crowd n&vcruel acry n&vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupbo ar d ncure n&v curious a currency n curriculum n curtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut)v&n cycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy n daily a,ad&n dam n damage n&v damp a&n dan ce n&vd an ge r nd an ge r ou s a dar e v&modal v dark a&n darkness n dash v&nd ata nd atab ase n date n&v daug hte r n dawn nday ndead a deadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath n debate n&v debt n decade n decide v decision n declare vdecline v decorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a&addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) ndefend vdegree ndelay n&vdelete v&n deliberately ad delicate a delicious adelight n delighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.)n dep arture n depend vdeposit v&ndepth ndescribe v description n desert v&n deserve vdesign v&n desire v&n desk n desperate a dessert n destination n destroy v detective n determine v develop v development n devote v devotion n diagram n dial vdialogue(Am dialog) d i amond n diary n dictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer v difference n different a difficult a difficulty ndig(dug,dug)v digest vdigital a dignity n ndilemma ndimension ndinner ndinosaur ndioxide ndip vdiploma ndirect a&vdirection ndirector ndirectory ndirty adisability ndisabled adisadv antage ndisagree vdisagreement ndisappear vdisappoint vdisappointed adisaster ndiscount ndiscourage vdiscover vdiscovery ndiscrimination ndiscuss vdiscussion ndisease ndisgusting adish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismissv distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturbv disturbing a dive v diverse a divide v divisionn divorce v dizzy a do(did,done)v doctor n document n dogndoll ndollar n donate vdoor n dormitory(dorm)n dot ndouble a&n doubt n&v down prep&ad downlo ad n&v downstairs ad downt own ad,n&a d oze n nDr=doctor ndraft n&vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn)v drawback n drawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed)n&v dress n&vdrill n&vdrink(drank,drunk)v drive(drove,driven)v driver ndrop n&vd rug ndrum ndrunk adry v&aduck ndue adull a dumpling n during prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty n,DVD=digital versatile diskn dynamic a dynasty nEeach a & pron eager a eagle nearnearlya & adearn v earth n earthquak e neasta ,ad & nEaster n eastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) v ecology n edge n edition n editor neducate v educationneducator n effect n effort n egg n eggplant neither a ,conj & adelder nelect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant n else ad e-mail n & vembarrass v emb assy n emergency n e mpe r or n employ v empty a encourage ve ncourage me nt n end n &vending n endless a enemy n energetic aenergy nengine n engineer n enjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron a & ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire a entrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v&n equal a&v equality n equip ve qu ipme n t n eraser n error nerupt v escape n&v especially ad essay n Europe n European a&n evaluate v even ad evening n event n eventually ad ever ad every a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence n evident a evolution n exact aexam=examination nexamine v example n excellent a except prep exchange n&v excite v excuse n&v exercise n&v exhibition n exist v existence nexit nexp and v expect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert n explain v explanation n explicit a explode vexplore v fantastic a export n&v fantasy n expose v far(farther,farthestexpress v&n expression n extension n extra a extraordinary a extreme a eye n eyesight nF 或further,furthest)a&ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a&adfasten vfat n&afather nfault nfavour(Am favor)n favourite(Am favorite)a&face n&vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v&nfailure nfair1afair2nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen)v fall2(Am)=au tu mn n false afamiliar afamily n famous afan nfancy n,v&a nfax n&v fear nfeast n feather n federal afee nfeed(fed,fed)v feel(felt,felt)v feeling nfellow n female a&n fence n ferry n festival n&a fetch v fever nfew pron&afibre(Am fiber)n fiction nfield n flat2nflee(fled,fled) flesh nvfierce afight(fought,fought)n&v figure n&v flexible flight n float vafile n flood n&vfill vfilm n&vfinal afinance nfind(found,found)v fine1afine2vfinger n fingernail n finish v&nfire n&v fireworks nfirm1nfirm2afish n&v fisherman nfist nfit a&vfix vflag nflame nflash n flashlight nflat1a floor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown)vfly2nfocus v&nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n&afollow vfond afood nfool n&vfoolish afoot(pl feet)n football nfor prep&conj forbid(forbade,forbidden) vforce vforecast n&v forehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen)v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven)v fork nform n&vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afr eedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen)v freezing a vfrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigeratornfriend nfriendly afriendship nfrighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a&nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n&afunction n&vfundamental afuneral nfunny afur nfurnished afurniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ng arage n garbage ng ar de n n garlic ng arme n t n gas ngate n gather v gay a general a&n generation n gener ou s a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture n get(got,got)v gift n gifted a giraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) glad a glance v glare v glass n globe n glory n glove n vglue ngo(went,gone)vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n&agolden agolf ngood(better,best)agoods ngoose(pl geese)ngovern vgove rnment ng rade ngradual agrad uate vgraduation ngrain ngram ng rammar ngrand agrandchild ngrandd aughter ngrandma=grandmother ngrandp a=grandfather ngrandp arents ngrandson ngranny ng rape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful a gravity ngreat a&ad greedy agr een a&n greengrocer ngr eet v greeting ngrey(Am gray)a grill ngrocer n grocery n ground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown)v growth n guarantee vguar d nguess vguest n guidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasiu m n gymnastics nHhabit n hair nhaircut nhalf a&nhall nham nhambu r g e r nhammer nhand n&vhandbag nhandful n handkerchief nhandle n&v handsome a handwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) vhappen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor)n hard ad&ahardly adhardship n hardworking aharm n&vharmful aharmony nharvest n&vhat nhatch vhate v&nhave(has,had,had)v he pronhead n&vh e ad ach e n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health n healthy ahear(heard,heard)v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight n helicopter n hello inthelmet nhelp n&v helpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adher o nhers pron herself pron hesitate vhi int hide(hid,hidden)v high a&ad highway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit)v&n hobby nhold(held,held)vhole nholiday nholy ahome n&adhomel an d n hometown n homework nhone st ahoney nhonour(Am honor) hook n&vhope n&vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n&vhostess nn&vhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nh ou se n housewife n housework nhow adhowever ad&conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a&n human being nh u mor ou s a humour(Am humor)n hunger nhungry ahun t vhunter n hurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt)v husband nhy dr ogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea n identity n identification n idiom nif conj ignore vill aillegal a illness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v&n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep&ad inchnincident n include v income n increase v&n indeed a independencen independent a indicate v industry n influence n&v inform vinformation n initial a injure vinjury nink ninn n innocent a insect ninsert v inside prep&ad insist v inspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interval n interview n&vinto prep introduce v introduction n invent vinvention n invitation ninvite viron n&v irrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry)interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v njob n jog v join v joke njournalist n journey njoy njudge n&vju d ge me n t (Am judgment)n juice njump n&v jungle n junior ajust a&ad justice nKkangar oo n keep(kept,kept)v kettle nkey nk eyboard n kick v&nkid nkill vkilo n kilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) kind1nkind2a kindergarten n kindness nking nkingdom n nkiss n&vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives)nknock n&vknow(knew,known)vknowledge nLlab=laboratory nlabour(Am labor)nlack n&vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n&vlanguage nlantern nlap nlarge alast a&vlate a&adlatter nlaugh n&vlaughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid)v lazy alead(led,led)v&n leader nleaf(pl leaves)n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed)v least nleather nleave(left,left)v lecture nleft a,ad&nleg nlegal alemon n&al emon ade n lend(lent,lent)v length n lesson nlet(let,let)v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library n license nlid nlie1n&v lie2(lay,lain)v life(pl lives)n lift v&nlight n,v&a lightning nlike v&prep likely alimit vline n&vlink v&nlion nlip nliquid n&alist n&v listen v literature n literary alitre(Am liter)n litter vlittle(less,least)a live v&a lively aload nloaf nlocal alock n&v lonely along a&ad look n&v loose alorry n1lose(lost,lost) vloss nlotnloud a manage vmanager n mankind nmanner nloungen many(more,most) pron & a love n & v lovely a low a & ad luck n lucky a luggage n lunch n lung nMmachine n mad amadam/madamen magazine n magic a maid n mail n & v mailbox n main a mainland n major a majority nmak e nmak e 2(made,made) vmale a & nman(pl men) nmap nmaple n marathon n marble n march n & v mark n & v mark et n marriage n marry v mask n & v mass n master v & nmat nmat ch v & n material nmathematics=math/maths n matter n & v matur e amaximum a & n may modal vmay be adme pronmeal nmean(meant,meant) vmeaning n。