【AP物理C】【真题】解答题C2003

AP® Physics C错误！未找到引用源。

1973 Free Response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their programs, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, thePSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.1973M1. A horizontal force F is applied to a small block of mass m1 to make it slide along the top of a larger block of mass m2 and length l. The coefficient of friction between the blocks is μ. The larger block slides without friction along a horizontal surface. The blocks start from rest with the small block at one end of the larger block, as shown.a. On the diagrams below draw all of the forces acting on each block. Identify each force.b. Find the acceleration of each block. a1 and a2, relative to the horizontal surface.c. In terms of 1, a1, and a2, find the time t needed for the small block to slide off the endof the larger block.d. Find an expression for the energy dissipated as heat because of the friction betweenthe two blocks.1973M2. A 30-gram bullet is fired with a speed of 500 meters per second into a wall.a. If the deceleration of the bullet is constant and it penetrates 12 centimeters into the wall, calculate theforce on the bullet while it is stopping.b. If the deceleration of the bullet is constant and it penetrates 12 centimeters into the wall, how muchtime is required for the bullet to stop?c. Suppose, instead, that the stopping force increases from zero as the bullet penetrates. Discuss themotion in comparison to the case for a constant deceleration.1973M3. A ball of mass m is attached by two strings to a vertical rod. as shown above. The entire system rotates at constant angular velocity ω about the axis of the rod.a. Assuming ω is large enough to keep both strings taut, find the force each string exerts onthe ball in terms of ω, m, g, R, and θ.b. Find the minimum angular velocity, ωmin for which the lower string barely remains taut.1973E1. The plates of an isolated parallel plate capacitor are pulled apart very slowly by a forceF. Each plate has charge q and area A. Assume that edge effects are negligible, i.e., thespacing x is much smaller than the plate dimensions.a. Determine the change in capacitance as x is increased by dxb. Determine the change of stored energy in the capacitor as x is increased by dxc. How is the force F related to the change in stored energy ? Determine F in terms of x, q,and A.1973E2. A surveyor attempts to use a compass below a power line carrying a steady currentof 103 amperes. The compass Is 6.0 meters directly below the wire.a. If the horizontal component of the Earth’s field is 0.10 gauss, could the power linedisturb the compass reading? Give a quantitative argument.b. Suppose, instead, the current were 103 amperes of 60 cycles per second alternatingcurrent. Would the compass reading be disturbed? Explain your answerqualitatively in terms of the properties of the compass.1973E3. In a uniform magnetic field B directed vertically downward. a metal bar of mass m is released from rest and slides without friction down a track inclined at an angle , as shown above.The electrical resistance of the bar between its two points of contact with the track is R: the trackhas negligible resistance. The width of the track is l.a. Show on the diagram the direction of the current in the sliding bar.b. Denoting by v the instantaneous speed with which the bar is sliding down the incline,determine an expression for the magnitude of the current in the bar.c. Determine an expression for the force exerted on the bar by the magnetic field.学习使人进步d. Determine an expression for the terminal velocity of the sliding bar.。

2003年江苏高考物理真题及答案第Ⅰ卷（选择题共40分）一、本题共10小题；每小题4分，共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题由多个选项正确。

全部选对的得4分，选不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分。

1.下列说法中正确的是 （A ） A.质子与中子的质量不等，但质量数相等B.两个质子之间，不管距离如何，核力总是大于库仑力C.同一种元素的原子核有相同的质量数，但中子数可以不同D.除万有引力外，两个中子之间不存在其它相互作用力2.用某种单色光照射某种金属表面，发生光电效应。

现将该单色光的光强减弱，则（AC ） A.光电子的最大初动能不变 B.光电子的最大初动能减少 C.单位时间内产生的光电子数减少 D.可能不发生光电效应3.如图，甲分子固定在坐标原点O ，乙分子位于x 轴上，甲分子对乙分子的作用力与两分子间距离的关系如图中曲线所示。

F >0为斥力，F <0为引力。

a 、b 、c 、d 为x 轴上四个特定的位置。

现把乙分子从a 处由静止释放，则 （BC ） A.乙分子从a 到b 做加速运动，由b 到c 做减速运动 B.乙分子从a 到c 做加速运动，到达c 时速度最大 C.乙分子由a 到b 的过程中，两分子间的分子势能一直减少 D.乙分子由b 到d 的过程中，两分子间的分子势能一直增加4.铀裂变的产物之一氪90（Kr 9036）是不稳定的，它经过一系列衰变最终成为稳定的锆90（Zr9040），这些衰变是（B ）A.1次α衰变，6次β衰变B.4次β衰变C.2次α衰变D.2次α衰变，2次β衰变5.两块大小、形状完全相同的金属平板平行放置，构成以平行板电容器，与它相连接的电路如图所示，接通开关K ，电源即给电容器充电 （BC ）A.保持K 接通，减小两极板间的距离，则两极板间电场的电场强度减小B.保持K 接通，在两极板间插入一块介质，则极板上的电量增大C.断开K ，减小两极板间的距离，则两极板间的电势差减小D.断开K ，在两极板间插入一块介质，则极板上的电势差增大6.一定质量的理想气体 （CD ） A.先等压膨胀，再等容降温，其温度必低于其始温度 B.先等温膨胀，再等压压缩，其体积必小于起始体积 C.先等容升温，再等压压缩，其温度有可能等于起始温度 D.先等容加热，再绝热压缩，其内能必大于起始内能7.一弹簧振子沿x 轴振动，振幅为4cm 。

AP® Physics C2000 Free response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students t o college and opportunity.Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major pr ograms and services incollege admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SA T®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commit ment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by t he College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.(2000 M1) You are conducting an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity g u at an unknown location. In the measurement apparatus, a simple pendulum swings past a photogate located at the pendulum's lowest point, which records the time t10 for the pendulum to undergo 10 full oscillations. The pendulum consists of a sphere of mass m at the end of a string and has a length l. There are four versions of this apparatus, each with a different length. All four are at the unknown location, and the data shown below are sent to you during the experiment.a.figures. Enter these results in the table above.b. On the axes below, plot the square of the period versus the length of the pendulum. Draw a best-fit straight lineAssuming that each pendulum undergoes small amplitude oscillations, from your fit determine the experimental value g exp of the acceleration due to gravity at this unknown location. Justify your answer.d. If the measurement apparatus allows a determination of g exp that is accurate to within 4%, is your experimentalvalue in agreement with the value 9.80 m/s2 ? Justify your answer.e. Someone informs you that the experimental apparatus is in fact near Earth's surface, but that the experiment hasbeen conducted inside an elevator with a constant acceleration a. Assuming that your experimental value g is exact, determine the magnitude and direction of the elevator's acceleration.2000M2. A rubber ball of mass m is dropped from a cliff. As the ball falls, it is subject to air drag (a resistive force caused by the air). The drag force on the ball has magnitude bv2, where b is a constant drag coefficient and v is the instantaneous speed of the ball. The drag coefficient b is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of the ball and the density of the air and does not depend on the mass of the ball. As the ball falls, its speed approaches a constant value called the terminal speed.a. On the figure below, draw and label all the forces on the ball at some instant before it reaches terminal speed.b. State whether the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball of mass m increases, decreases, or remains the sameas the ball approaches terminal speed. Explain.c. Write, but do NOT solve, a differential equation for the instantaneous speed v of the ball in terms of time t, thegiven quantities, and fundamental constants.d. Determine the terminal speed v t in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.e. Determine the energy dissipated by the drag force during the fall if the ball is released at height h and reachesits terminal speed before hitting the ground, in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.2000M3. A pulley of radius R1and rotational inertia I1 is mounted on an axle with negligible friction. A light cord passing over the pulley has two blocks of mass m attached to either end, as shown above. Assume that the cord does not slip on the pulley. Determine the answers to parts (a) and (b) in terms of m, R1, I1, and fundamental constants.a. Determine the tension T in the cord.b. One block is now removed from the right and hung on the left. When the system is released from rest, the threeblocks on the left accelerate downward with an acceleration g/3 . Determine the following.i. The tension T3 in the section of cord supporting the three blocks on the leftii. The tension T l in the section of cord supporting the single block on the rightiii. The rotational inertia I1of the pulleyc. The blocks are now removed and the cord is tied into a loop, which is passed around the original pulley and asecond pulley of radius 2R1 and rotational inertia 16I1. The axis of the original pulley is attached to a motor that rotates it at angular speed ω1, which in turn causes the larger pulley to rotate. The loop does not slip on the pulleys. Determine the following in terms of I1, R I, and ω1.i. The angular speed ω2of the larger pulleyii. The angular momentum L2 of the larger pulleyiii. The total kinetic energy of the system2000E1. Lightbulbs A, B, and C are connected in the circuit shown above.a. List the bulbs in order of their brightness, from brightest to least bright. If any bulbs have the same brightness,state which ones. Justify your answer.Now a switch S and a 5.0 mH inductor are added to the circuit; as shown above. The switch is closed at time t = 0.b. Determine the currents I A, I B, and I C for the following times.i. Immediately after the switch is closedii. A long time after the switch is closedc. On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the potential difference V L across the inductor as a function of time,from immediately after the switch is closed until a long time after the switch is closed.d. Now consider a similar circuit with an uncharged 5.0 F capacitor instead of the inductor, as shown above. Theswitch is again closed at time t = 0. On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the potential difference V cap across the capacitor as a function of time, from immediately after the switch is closed until a long time after the switch is closed.2000E2. Three particles, A, B, and C, have equal positive charges Q and are held in place at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with sides of length l, as shown in the figures below. The dotted lines represent the bisectors for each side. The base of the triangle lies on the x-axis, and the altitude of the triangle lies on the y-axis.a.i. Point P1, the intersection of the three bisectors, locates the geometric center of the triangle and is one pointwhere the electric field is zero. On Figure 1 above, draw the electric field vectors E A, E B, and E C at P, due to each of the three charges. Be sure your arrows are drawn to reflect the relative magnitude of the fields.ii. Another point where the electric field is zero is point P2 at (0, y2). On Figure 2 above, draw electric field vectors E A, E B, and E C at P2 due to each of the three point charges. Indicate below whether the magnitudeb. Explain why the x-component of the total electric field is zero at any point on the y-axis.c. Write a general expression for the electric potential V at any point on the y-axis inside the triangle in terms of Q,l, and y.d. Describe how the answer to part (c) could be used to determine the y-coordinates of points P1 and P2 at whichthe electric field is zero. (You do not need to actually determine these coordinates.)2000E3. A capacitor consists of two conducting, coaxial, cylindrical shells of radius a and b, respectively, and length L >> b. The space between the cylinders is filled with oil that has a dielectric constant κ. Initially bothcylinders are uncharged, but then a battery is used to charge the capacitor, leaving a charge +Q on the inner cylinder and -Q on the outer cylinder, as shown above. Let r be the radial distance from the axis of the capacitor.a. Using Gauss's law, determine the electric field midway along the length of the cylinder for the following valuesof r, in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants. Assume end effects are negligible.i. a < r < bii. b < r << Lb. Determine the following in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.i. The potential difference across the capacitorii. The capacitance of this capacitorc. Now the capacitor is discharged and the oil is drained from it. As shown above, a battery of emf εis connectedto opposite ends of the inner cylinder and a battery of emf 3εis connected to opposite ends of the outer cylinder.Each cylinder has resistance R. Assume that end effects and the contributions to the magnetic field from the wires are negligible. Using Ampere's law, determine the magnitude B of the magnetic field midway along the length of the cylinders due to the current in the cylinders for the following values of r.i. a < r < bii. b <r << L。

2003年3月全国统一标准测试物理参考答案及评分标准（统编教材版）一、1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.ABC 6.A 7.BCD 8.B 9.D 10.B二、11.(5分)AD12.0.1(3分)1.2(4分)13.(1)(4分)如下图所示(2)(4分)E =U 1＋Ｉ1（r A ＋r ） E =U 2＋Ｉ2（r A +r )三、(90分)说明：用其他方法解题可参照相应过程分步给分.14.(11分)作出光束通过透镜的光路图，如图，其中一条光线沿直线穿过透镜，可知O 点为圆心，另一条光线沿直线进入透镜，在半圆面上入射点为B ，设入射角为i ，折射角为rOB=R,OA =R 21,则sin i =0.5 ∠BOP =30°， OP =R 3,则BP=R ,折射角r =60°透镜材料折射率n =ir sin sin =3 评分：正确作出光路图得3分，得出入射角i 得2分，折射角γ得3分，求出折射率再得3分.15.(12分)(1)当水平拉力F =0时，轻绳处在竖直位置时，轻绳张力T 1＝G 当水平拉力F =2G 时，由平衡条件得轻绳张力T 2＝G G G 5)2(22=+因此轻绳张力范围为：G ≤T ≤5G(2)球在各位置均处于平衡状态，由平衡条件得：T cos θ=GT=G /cos θ，即T ∝1/cos θT 与cos θ的关系图如右图所示评分：轻绳张力T 1计算正确给2分；轻绳张力T 2计算正确给3分；正确给定张力范围再得2分；绘图正确5分.16.(13分)(1)蜡球在水平方向上做匀加速直线运动，在竖直方向上做匀速运动，因此加速度方向与速度方向不共线，其合运动为曲线运动(2)设蜡球水平加速度为a ，则s Ⅱ-s Ⅰ=aT 2，a =8 cm/s 2在t =2 s 时，v x =5 cm/s ，v y =at =16 cm/sv t ＝2222165+=+y x v v cm/s=281 cm/s设速度方向与水平方向成θ角，则tan θ=x yv v =3.2评分：以正确的理由明确蜡球做曲线运动得4分，解得蜡球在水平方向的加速度得2分，解得蜡球在水平、竖直方向的速度各得2分，正确解得蜡球合速度大小、方向分别得3分、2分.17.(13分)(1)设小球由A 到B 电场力所做的功为W AB ，由动能定理得mgh+W AB =0212-B mv 得W AB ＝mgh 21q mgh 2= (2)由于B 、C 在以Q 为圆心的圆周上，所以U B =U C∵W AB =W AC∴W AC ＝qU AC U AC =qmgh -21 评分：根据动能定理列式正确得3分，正确计算W AB 得2分，分析出B 、C 电势关系得3 分，U AC 正确结果得5分.18.(13分)由量子化理论知 n =1时，2m e v 1r 1=π2h114r m h v e π= ①设此时电子运转轨道半径为r ，由牛顿定律有m e 2121214r e k r v = 21214/v m ke r e = ②由①②联立可得v 1＝πke 2／h系统电势能 E p =-k 2122222r m ke e k r e e -==－2m e v 12而系统两电子动能为E k =2×212121v m v m e e =系统能量为E =E p +E k ＝-m e v 12=-π2mk 2e 4／h 2评分：解答①式正确得2分；解答②式正确得3分；正确分析系统势能得2分；解答动能正确得3分；正确列式、得出总能量表达式得3分.19.(14分)电子或硫酸根离子在加速电场中 qU =221mv 设粒子在偏转磁场中偏转时，轨道半径为R ,有：qvB =m Rv 2R =qmU B qB mv 21=设粒子在偏转磁场中速度偏角为θ，有： tan mU q Br R r 22==θ故tan 2θ∝m q 由于硫酸根离子荷质比远小于电子的荷质比，高速硫酸根离子经过磁场几乎不发生偏转，而集中打在荧光屏中央，形成暗斑.评分：正确运用动能定理处理粒子在加速电场中的运动得3分；求解粒子在偏转磁场中的轨道半径得3分；正确抓住切入点，求解tan 2θ得3分；明确tan 2θ与mq 的关系得2分；最后将tan 2θ∝m q 应用于电子和硫酸根离子，得出正确结论得2分. 20.(14分)(1)根据描点绘出圆滑的曲线如图所示.注：(a)绘出折线不得分；(b)绘出的曲线应与横轴相切，否则酌情扣分.(2)图中i-t 图线下所围的“面积”表示断开电键后通过电阻R 的电量，即电容器两端电压为U 0时所带电量为Q .(3)根据绘出图线，估算“面积”格数约32～33格(此范围内均得分，下同).因此，电容器电容为U 0时，带电量(Q 0)约为8.00×10－3 C ～8.25×10－3 C由C =UQ 得，电容器电容(C )约为：1.30×10－3 F ～1.33×10－3 F 评分：(1)绘图正确得4分；(2)“面积”意义分析正确得5分；(3)电容计算正确得5分.。

AP® Physics C1989 Scoring GuidelinesThe materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program®. Teachers may reproduce them, inwhole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face teaching purposes but maynot mass distribute the materials, electronically or otherwise. These materials andany copies made of them may not be resold, and the copyright notices must beretained as they appear here. This permission does not apply to any third-partycopyrights contained herein.These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity.Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, theCollege Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services incollege admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.Copyright © 2002 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board. APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation.Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.。

高考真题2003物理试卷一、选择题（每题4分，共40分）1. 根据牛顿第二定律，物体的加速度与作用力成正比，与物体的质量成反比。

如果一个物体的质量为2kg，受到的力为10N，那么它的加速度是多少？A. 2m/s²B. 5m/s²C. 10m/s²D. 20m/s²2. 一个物体从静止开始做匀加速直线运动，初速度为0，加速度为2m/s²。

经过4秒后，它的位移是多少？A. 8mB. 16mC. 32mD. 64m3. 以下哪个选项是正确的能量守恒定律表述？A. 能量可以被创造或消灭B. 能量可以在不同形式之间转化，但总量保持不变C. 能量只存在于机械运动中D. 能量守恒定律只适用于封闭系统4. 一个电路中，电阻R为10Ω，电流I为0.5A，根据欧姆定律，该电路的电压U是多少？A. 2.5VB. 5VC. 10VD. 20V5. 以下哪个选项描述了电磁感应现象？A. 电流通过导线时，导线周围会产生磁场B. 导线在磁场中运动，导线两端产生电压C. 导线两端的电压使导线产生磁场D. 磁场的变化可以产生电流6. 一个质量为1kg的物体从高度为5m的地方自由落体，忽略空气阻力，落地时的速度是多少？A. 10m/sB. 20m/sC. 50m/sD. 100m/s7. 以下哪个选项是正确的热力学第一定律表述？A. 能量可以在不同形式之间转化，但总量保持不变B. 热能可以完全转化为机械能C. 机械能可以完全转化为热能D. 热能和机械能之间不能相互转化8. 一个理想气体在等压过程中，温度和体积的关系是什么？A. 温度与体积成正比B. 温度与体积成反比C. 温度与体积无关D. 温度与体积的平方成正比9. 以下哪个选项是正确的相对论效应描述？A. 随着速度的增加，物体的质量会增加B. 随着速度的增加，物体的长度会增加C. 随着速度的增加，时间会变慢D. 随着速度的增加，光速会改变10. 以下哪个选项描述了光电效应？A. 光照射到物体上，物体会发出电子B. 物体在光照射下，温度升高C. 物体在光照射下，产生电流D. 物体在光照射下，发生化学反应二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）11. 根据牛顿第三定律，作用力和反作用力大小________，方向________。

2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷）理科综合能力测试15．如图所示，三个完全相同的金属小球a、b、c位于等边三角形的三个顶点上。

a和c带正电，b带负电，a所带电量的大小比b的小。

已知c受到a和b的静电力的合力可用图中四条有向线段中的一条来表示，它应是A．F1B．F2C．F3D．F416．下面列出的是一些核反应方程3030P Si X15149210Be H B Y415447He He Li Z223其中A．Ｘ是质子，Ｙ是中子，Ｚ是正电子B．Ｘ是正电子，Ｙ是质子，Ｚ是中子C．Ｘ是中子，Ｙ是正电子，Ｚ是质子D．Ｘ是正电子，Ｙ是中子，Ｚ是质子17．一束单色光从空气射入玻璃中，则其A．频率不变，波长变长C．频率变大，波长不变C．频率不变，波长变短D．频率变小，波长不变18．简谐机械波在给定的媒质中传播时，下列说法中正确的是A．振幅越大，则波传播的速度越快B．振幅越大，则波传播的速度越慢C．在一个周期内，振动质元走过的路程等于一个波长D．振动的频率越高，则波传播一个波长的距离所用的时间越短19．如图所示，一个半球形的碗放在桌面上，碗口水平，O点为其球心，碗的内表面及碗口是光滑的。

一根细线跨在碗口上，线的两端分别系有质量为m 1和m 2的小球，当它们处于平衡状态时，质量为m 1的小球与O 点连线与水平线的夹角为α=60°。

两小球的质量比12m m 为 A ．33 B ．32 C ．23 D ．22 20．如图所示，固定容器及可动活塞P 都是绝热的，中间有一导热的固定隔板B ，B 的两边分别盛有气体甲和乙。

现将活塞P 缓慢地向B 移动一段距离，已知气体的温度随其内能的增加而升高，则在移动P 的过程中，A ．外力对乙做功；甲的内能不变B ．外力对乙做功；乙的内能不变C ．乙传递热量给甲；乙的内能增加D ．乙的内能增加；甲的内能不变21．图中虚线所示为静电场中的等势面1、2、3、4，相邻的等势面之间的电势差相等，其中等势面3的电势为0，一带正电的点电荷在静电力的作用下运动，经过a 、b 点时的动能分别为26 eV和5 eV ，当这一点电荷运动到某一位置，其电势能变为－8 eV ，它的动能应为A ．8 eVB ．13 eVC ．20 eVD ．34 eV22．K －介子衰变的方程为 0K ππ, 其中K －介子和π－介子带负的基元电荷，π0介子不带电。

2003年高考物理试题全集目录2003年江苏高考物理试题 (2)2003年上海高考物理试题 (11)2003年高考理科综合能力测试（物理部分） (21)2003年理科综合能力测试（天津卷）（物理部分） (28)2003年春季高考试理科综测试(物理部分) (29)2003年高考（上海卷）综合能力测试试卷（理科使用） (33)2003年高考（广东、辽宁卷）综合能力测试 (35)2003年江苏高考物理试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题共40分）一、本题共10小题；每小题4分，共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题由多个选项正确。

全部选对的得4分，选不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分。

【03江苏】1.下列说法中正确的是 （A ） A.质子与中子的质量不等，但质量数相等B.两个质子之间，不管距离如何，核力总是大于库仑力C.同一种元素的原子核有相同的质量数，但中子数可以不同D.除万有引力外，两个中子之间不存在其它相互作用力【03江苏】2.用某种单色光照射某种金属表面，发生光电效应。

现将该单色光的光强减弱，则（AC ） A.光电子的最大初动能不变 B.光电子的最大初动能减少 C.单位时间内产生的光电子数减少 D.可能不发生光电效应【03江苏】3.如图，甲分子固定在坐标原点O ，乙分子位于x 轴上，甲分子对乙分子的作用力与两分子间距离的关系如图中曲线所示。

F >0为斥力，F <0为引力。

a 、b 、c 、d 为x 轴上四个特定的位置。

现把乙分子从a 处由静止释放，则 （BC ）A.乙分子从a 到b 做加速运动，由b 到c 做减速运动B.乙分子从a 到c 做加速运动，到达c 时速度最大C.乙分子由a 到b 的过程中，两分子间的分子势能一直减少D.乙分子由b 到d 的过程中，两分子间的分子势能一直增加【03江苏】4.铀裂变的产物之一氪90（Kr 9036）是不稳定的，它经过一系列衰变最终成为稳定的锆90（Zr 9040），这些衰变是 （B ） A.1次α衰变，6次β衰变 B.4次β衰变 C.2次α衰变 D.2次α衰变，2次β衰变【03江苏】5.两块大小、形状完全相同的金属平板平行放置，构成以平行板电容器，与它相连接的电路如图所示，接通开关K ，电源即给电容器充电 （BC ） A.保持K 接通，减小两极板间的距离，则两极板间电场的电场强度减小 B.保持K 接通，在两极板间插入一块介质，则极板上的电量增大 C.断开K ，减小两极板间的距离，则两极板间的电势差减小 D.断开K ，在两极板间插入一块介质，则极板上的电势差增大【03江苏】6.一定质量的理想气体 （CD ） A.先等压膨胀，再等容降温，其温度必低于其始温度 B.先等温膨胀，再等压压缩，其体积必小于起始体积 C.先等容升温，再等压压缩，其温度有可能等于起始温度 D.先等容加热，再绝热压缩，其内能必大于起始内能【03江苏】7.一弹簧振子沿x 轴振动，振幅为4cm 。

2003年高考全国卷物理试题及答案选择题16．如图所示，三个完全相同的金属小球a 、b 、c位于等边三角形的三个顶点上。

a 和c 带正电，b 带负电，a 所带电量的大小比b 的小。

已知c 受到a 和b 的静电力的合力可用图中四条有向线段中的一条来表示，它应是A F 1B F 2C F 3D F 417．下面列出的是一些核反应方程3015P →3014Si ＋X 94Be ＋21H →105B ＋Y 42He ＋42He →73Li ＋Z 其中A X 是质子，Y 是中子，Z 是正电子B X 是正电子，Y 是质子，Z 是中子C X 是中子，Y 是正6电子，Z 是质子D X 是正电子，Y 是中子，Z 是质子18.简谐机械波在给定的媒质中传播时，下列说法正确的是（ ）A. 振幅越大，则传播的速度越快B. 振幅越大，则传播的速度越慢C ．在一个周期内，振动质元走过的路程等于一个波长D ．振动的频率越高，则波传播一个波长的距离所用的时间越短19．如图所示，一个半球形的碗放在桌面上，碗口水平，O 点为其球心，碗的内表面及碗口是光滑的。

一根细线跨在碗口上，线的两端分别系有质量为m 1和m 2的小球，当它们处于平衡状态时，质量为m 1的小球与O 点的连线与水平线的夹角为α＝60°。

两小球的质量比m 2/m 1为A 3/3B 2/3C 3/2D 2/220．如图所示，固定容器及可动活塞P 都是绝热的，中间有一导热的固定隔板B ，B 的两边分别盛有气体甲和乙。

现将活塞P 缓慢地向B 移动一段距离，已知气体的温度随其内能的增加而升高，则在移动P 的过程中，A 外力对乙做功；甲的内能不变B 外力对乙做功；乙的内能不变C 乙传递热量给甲；乙的内能增加D 乙的内能增加；甲的内能不变21．如图，当电键K 断开时，用光子能量为2.5eV的一束光照射阴极P ，发现电流表读数不为零。

合上电键，调节滑线变阻器，发现当电压表读数小于0.60V 时，电流表读数仍不为零；当电压表读数大于或等于0.60V时，电流表读数为零。

AP® Physics C1995 Free response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service® (ETS®), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity.Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational TestingService.1995M1. A 5-kilogram ball initially rests at the edge of a 2-meter-long, 1.2-meter-high frictionless table, as shown above. A hard plastic cube of mass 0.5 kilogram slides across the table at a speed of 26 meters per second and strikes the ball, causing the ball to leave the table in the direction in which the cube was moving. The figurebelow shows a graph of the force exerted on the ball by the cube as a function of time.a. Determine the total impulse given to the ball.b. Determine the horizontal velocity of the ball immediately after the collision.c. Determine the following for the cube immediately after the collision.i. Its speedii. Its direction of travel (right or left), if movingd. Determine the kinetic energy dissipated in the collision.e. Determine the distance between the two points of impact of the objects with the floor.1995M2. A particle of mass m moves in a conservative force field described by the potentialenergy function U(r) = a(r/b + b/r), where a and b are positive constants and r is the distance from the origin. The graph of U(r) has the following shape.a. In terms of the constants a and b, determine the following.i. The position r o at which the potential energy is a minimumii. The minimum potential energy U ob. Sketch the net force on the particle as a function of r on the graph below, considering a force directedaway from the origin to be positive, and a force directed toward the origin to be negative.The particle is released from rest at r = r o/2c. In terms of U o and m, determine the speed of the particle when it is at r = r o .d. Write the equation or equations that could be used to determine where, if ever, the particle will againcome to rest. It is not necessary to solve for this position.e. Briefly and qualitatively describe the motion of the particle over a long period of time.1995M3. Two stars, A and B. are in circular orbits of radii r a and r b, respectively, about their common center of mass at point P, as shown above. Each star has the same period of revolution T.Determine expressions for the following three quantities in terms of r a, r b, T, and fundamental constants.a. The centripetal acceleration of star Ab. The mass M b of star Bc. The mass M a of star ADetermine expressions for the following two quantities in terms of M a, M b, r a, r b, T, and fundamental constants.d. The moment of inertia of the two-star system about its center of mass.e. The angular momentum of the system about the center of mass.1995E1. A very long nonconducting rod of radius a has positive charge distributed throughoutits volume. The charge distribution is cylindrically symmetric, and the total charge per unit lengthof the rod is λ.a. Use Gauss's law to derive an expression for the magnitude of the electric field E outside the rod.b. The diagrams below represent cross sections of the rod. On these diagrams, sketch the following.i. Several equipotential lines in the region r > aii. Several electric field lines in the region r > ac. In the diagram above, point C is a distance a from the center of the rod (i.e., on the rod's surface),and point D is a distance 3a from the center on a radius that is 90° from point C. Determine thefollowing.i. The potential difference V C - V D between points C and Dii. The work required by an external agent to move a charge +Q from rest at point D to rest at point C Inside the rod (r < a), the charge density ρ is a function of radial distance r from the axis of the rodand is given by ρ=ρo(r/a)½, where ρo is a constant.d. Determine the magnitude of the electric field E as a function of r for r < a. Express your answer interms of ρo, a, and fundamental constants.1995E2. A parallel-plate capacitor is made from two sheets of metal, each with an area of 1.0 square meter, separated by a sheet of plastic 1.0 millimeter (10-3 m) thick, as shown above. The capacitance is measured to be 0.05 microfarad (5 x 10-8 F) .a. What is the dielectric constant of the plastic?b. The uncharged capacitor is connected in series with a resistor R = 2 x 106 ohms, a 30-volt battery,and an open switch S, as shown above. The switch is then closed.i. What is the initial charging current when the switch S is closed?ii. What is the time constant for this circuit?iii. Determine the magnitude and sign of the final charge on the bottom plate of the fully charged capacitor.iv. How much electrical energy is stored in the fully charged capacitor?After the capacitor is fully charged, it is carefully disconnected, leaving the charged capacitor isolatedin space. The plastic sheet is then removed from between the metal plates. The metal plates retain their original separation of 1.0 millimeter.c. What is the new voltage across the plates?d. If there is now more energy stored in the capacitor, where did it come from? If there is now lessenergy, what happened to it?1995E3. The long, narrow rectangular loop of wire shown above has vertical height H, length D, and resistance R.The loop is mounted on an insulated stand attached to a glider, which moves on a frictionless horizontal air track with an initial speed of v o to the right. The loop and glider have a combined mass m. The loop enters a long, narrow region of uniform magnetic field B, directed out of the page toward the reader. Express your answers to the parts below in terms of B, D, H, R, m,and v o.a. What is the magnitude of the initial induced emf in the loop as the front end of the loop begins to enterthe region containing the field?b. What is the magnitude of the initial induced current in the loop?c. State whether the initial induced current in the loop is clockwise or counterclockwise around the loop.d. Derive an expression for the velocity of the glider as a function of time t for the interval after the frontedge of the loop has entered the magnetic field but before the rear edge has entered the field.e. Using the axes below, sketch qualitatively a graph of speed v versus time t for the glider. The front endof the loop enters the field at t = 0. At t1 the back end has entered and the loop is completely inside thefield. At t2 the loop begins to come out of the field. At t3 it is completely out of the field. Continue theto scale on the t-axis below.。