Mini-lecture

1.Do we need to define physical objects? Why? (mini-lecture 1)2.What is a good definition? (mini-lecture 1)3. How many parts does a formal definition consist of? What are they? (Mini Lecture 1)Mini-lecture 21.How should you make definitions in your research? (mini-lecture 2)2.How many types of definition you’ve learned from the lecture? What are they？They mainly differ in what way? (mini-lecture 2)Mini-lecture 31. How many note-taking methods are mentioned? Name the picture with corresponding method. Five methods: 1. the Cornell method,2. the Outline method,3.the Mapping method,4. the Charting method,5. the Sentence method.2. What is three-step approach(TAB ) of the Mapping method?Step1: Take down the term central to the topic of the lecture.Step2: Add around the term two main branches, one for the class, the other for differentiating features.Step3: Branch out like trees and add more relevant information from the lecture.Mini-lecture 41.In the context of academic writing, how many types can definitions be classified into? What are they?Three. Formal definitions, naming definitions and extended definitions.2.What do extended definitions include for your target audience?Narrative materials.1.Besides nouns themselves, from what can we derive nouns? How?From other words. One is adding suffixes. (to add -tion, -ment, -ing to verbs; to add -ness, -th to adjectives)2.How to expand a noun to build a complete sentence? Give one example?By adding more modifying information to nouns.The core ideas of constructivist learning theory that differentiate it from other theories○1add an adjective pre-modifier○2add a relative clause post-modifier○3add a “that” clause post-modifierQ:Write an extended definition of a term in your field of study or interest.Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linuxkernel and other open source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Android is developed by a consortium of developers known as the Open Handset Alliance, with the main contributor and commercial marketer being Google.Cultural conflict is a type of conflict that occurs when different cultural values and beliefs clash. It has been used to explain violence and crime. Cultural conflicts are difficult to resolve as parties to the conflict have different beliefs. Cultural conflicts intensify when those differences become reflected in politics, particularly on a macro level. An example of cultural conflict is the debate over abortion. Ethnic cleansing is another extreme example of cultural conflict. Wars can also be a result of a cultural conflict, for example the differing views on slavery were one of the reasons for the American civil war.。

专八minilecture评分标准专八minilecture评分标准是指在专八考试中，对于minilecture（小讲座）这一部分的评分标准和要求。

在专八考试中，minilecture是考生需要进行的一项口试任务，旨在考察考生的口头表达能力、逻辑思维能力以及对于特定话题的理解和分析能力。

在评分标准方面，专八minilecture评分主要从以下几个方面进行考察和评分：1. 内容准确性和完整性：评委会根据考生的讲座内容，评估其对于所选话题的理解和掌握程度。

考生需要确保讲座内容准确无误，并且能够全面地涵盖所选话题的各个方面。

2. 逻辑清晰性和结构合理性：评委会会对考生的讲座逻辑进行评估，包括思路的连贯性、段落之间的过渡以及整体结构的合理性。

考生需要能够清晰地表达自己的观点，并且能够合理地组织讲座的结构，使其具有逻辑性和条理性。

3. 语言表达和流利度：评委会会对考生的语言表达能力进行评估，包括词汇的丰富程度、语法的正确性以及语言的流利度。

考生需要能够运用准确丰富的词汇和语法结构，流利地表达自己的观点，并且能够使用恰当的语言技巧和修辞手法，提升讲座的表达效果。

4. 思想深度和观点独特性：评委会会对考生的思想深度和观点独特性进行评估，包括对于话题的深入思考和独特的见解。

考生需要能够展示自己对于话题的深入思考，并且能够提出独特的观点和见解，以展示自己的思考能力和创造性思维。

综上所述，专八minilecture评分标准主要从内容准确性和完整性、逻辑清晰性和结构合理性、语言表达和流利度以及思想深度和观点独特性等方面进行评估。

考生需要在这些方面全面展示自己的能力，以获得较高的评分。

为了在考试中取得好成绩，考生需要提前准备，熟悉评分标准，并且进行充分的练习和准备。

Mini-lecture
“总-分-总”的篇章结构特点
从历年考题分析，本部分从选文 材料基本上是总-分-总结构，层次 明晰，开始概括并指明分述的主要 观点，中间逐一阐述，最后总结。

第一项需要做的就是将草稿纸分版块，由 于专八的mini-lecture很有条理，那么在写 的时候可以分版块记笔记，使笔记结构更 加清晰。这样做在稍后填空时会很好的在 相应部分找答案。


数字 时间 重复出现的关 键词 一些动词 举例子时的项 目（特别提示 举例子的项目 需要记前几项）
Mini中还考一些总结，所以在听的时候要分项记清 没个点说的大概意思，也只需要记关键词 。

（一）借鉴口译实践的速记符 号和缩写
符号
通 用 符 号 自 定 符 号 数 长 字 词
缩写
专 名 常 用 缩 写
（二）采取“横纵结合”的书写方法
同层次内容速记 分 层 次 内 容 速 记

Ⅰ… （1）…… （2）…… Ⅱ… （1）…… （ 需要记下来？

2019年英语专业八级真题听力Mini-lecture(2)1 I also notice another interesting thing about this.关于这一点，我还发现了另一个有趣的现象。

It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of t hing than men.女性似乎比男性更有可能做出这种动作。

I mean women are more likely to make themselves small .我的意思是，女性更有可能让自己变小。

Women feel chronically less powerful than men,so this i s not surprising.女性总感觉自己的力量比男性弱，因此这并不令人惊讶。

The second question concerns our minds.第二个问题是关于我们的意识。

We know that our minds change our bodies.我们知道，我们的意识会改变我们的身体。

But is it also true that our bodies change our minds? 但我们的身体也可以改变我们的意识吗？And when I say minds,in the case of the powerful,what do I mean?当我说到意识的时候，以强大的力量为例，这是什么意思呢？I'm talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of ph ysiological things that make up ourthoughts and feelings, 我在说想法和感觉，以及组成我们想法和感觉的生理上的东西，and in my case,that's hormones.就这件事而言，是指激素。