研究生英语单词详解

读故事20天搞定英语考研单词还可以希望有用a-1abandon v.放弃，抛弃abide v.（by）坚持，遵守ability n.能力，智能；才能，才干able to 能，会abnormal a.反常的，不正常的aboard ad.在船（飞机、车）上，上船（飞机、车）prep.在（船，飞机，车）上，上（船，飞机，车）abolish v.废除，取消be about to 即将above all 首要，尤其abroad ad.到国外，在国外；到处abrupt a.突然的，意外的；（举止言谈等）唐突的，鲁莽的absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏，没有absent a.（from）缺席，不在场；漫不经心的absolute a.绝对的，完全的absorb v.吸收，吸引，使专心be absorbed in 专心于absorption n.吸收abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要，提要v.抽取，提取absurd a.荒唐的abundance n.丰富，充裕abundant a.（in）丰富的，充分的，充裕的abuse v./n.滥用；虐待；谩骂academic a.学院的，学术的academy n.学院accelerate v.加速，促进acceleration n.加速度a cruel man abandoned his wife and son. above all, everyone must abide by the law . so he was arrested. but the trial came to an abrupt end because of the man's absence. it was said he was mentally abnormal and was set free according to one law! what an absurd judgment! that's absolute nonsense! the angry people thought this bad law ought to be abolished to keep the judge from abusing his power. fortunately, the boy's mother was able to afford enough money for the boy to go abroad to study. the moment the son was about to go aboard the ship, they kissed good-bye with tears. the boy went to an academy of technology successfully. no one could doubt his ability to learn abstract knowledge. he was absorbed in knowledge so much, just like dry sand absorbed water. his teacher really appreciated his complete absorption in his studies. so he supplied the boy abundant books for study, which accelerated the boy working harder.一个冷酷的男人抛弃了他的妻子和儿子。

assail speedily 快速攻击 assail with 攻击 bombard assail 炮击
assailant adj. 袭击的；攻击的 n.攻击者 assailable adj. 易受攻击的
Soical Lies' Word (1~4paragraph)
13.honesty [ˈɑ:nəsti]
generalize reaaoning 归纳推理 generalize to 推广到
generalizable adj. 可概括的，可归纳的； generality n. 概论；普遍性；大部分；
Soical Lies' Word (1~4paragraph)
3.irritate [ˈɪrɪˌtet]
intolerant species 不耐污染的品种 intolerant traders 低风险承受者 intolerant tree 阳生树
intolerable adj. 无法忍受的 intolerably adv.到难耐的程度 intolerance n. 不宽容
Soical Lies' Word (1~4paragraph)
obsessive compulsive 强迫症 compulsive shopping 购物狂 compulsive gambler 赌徒
compulsion n.强制
Soical Lies' Word (1~4paragraph)
12.assail [əˈsel]
vt.使苦恼；困扰；猛击；
She is assailed by self-doubt and emotional insecurity. 她被自我怀疑和情感不安所困扰。
14.hairdo [ˈherdu:]

1,sector [' sekts]n.部门；扇形，扇区；象限仪；函数尺vt.把…分成扇形2,breed [bri:d]vi.繁殖；饲养；产生vt.繁殖；饲养；养育，教育；引起n.品种；种类，类型3,fragile f fr«d5ail]adj.脆的；易碎的4,byproduct [' bai, prodAkt]n.副产品5,misappropriation [' mis。

' prsupri，eijan] n.侵吞；滥用6,kickback [' kikbcek]n.回扣，佣金；强烈反应；退回赃物7,legitimacy [li5 dSitimssi]n.合法；合理；正统8,content ['kontent]n.内容，目录；满足；容量adj.满意的vt.使满足9,systemic \_si stemik, -'sti：-]adj.系统的；全身的；体系的10,cynicism [' sini, sizsm]n.玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗；犬儒主义；冷嘲热讽11,enact \_i n^ekt]vt.颁布；制定法律；扮演12,prohibitingv.禁止（prohibit的ing形式）13,bribery f braibari]n.[法]贿赂；受贿；行贿14,extortion [ik'sto：Jan]n.勒索；敲诈；强夺；被勒索的财物15,promulgate f promslgeit, prou'mAl-]vt.公布；传播；发表16,cooperation [kou, Op。

'reijan]n.合作，协作；[劳经]协力17,corporation [, ko：po'reijan]n.公司；法人（团体）；社团；大腹便便；市政当局18,implement ['implimsnt, ' impliment]vt.实施，执行；实现，使生效n.工具，器具；手段19,advocacy ['eedvokosi]n.主张；拥护；辩护20,underlying [, And。

研究生考试必会的单词adandon vt. ①放弃②抛弃(妻子儿女)出现频率5次discard vt. 丢弃，抛弃(老朋友或旧物)出现频率5次reject vt. ①丢弃②排斥，退掉③拒绝，抵制，驳回出现频率8次resign vt. 辞去，辞职出现频率2次quit vt. ①停止，放弃，辞职②离开，退出出现频率1次abolish vt. 废除(法律，制度或习俗等)，取消出现频率3次eliminate vt. 消除出现频率8次enforce vt. ①强制②实行，执行出现频率1次oblige vt. ①迫使②责成③帮(使)感激，施恩于出现频率3次compel vt. 强迫，迫使出现频率4次impose vt. ①(on)把…强加给②征(税)出现频率6次render vt. ①使得，致使②提出，提供，呈报出现频率5次arbitrary a. 任意的，专断的出现频率2次compulsory a. 强制的，义务的，(课程)必修的出现频率1次alternative a. 两者挑一的// n.可供选择的事物，替换物，选择对象出现频率4次voluntary a. 自愿的，志愿的出现频率1次efficient a. ①有能力的，能胜任的②有效的，效率高的出现频率8次competent a. 有能力的，胜任的出现频率7次proficient a. 熟练的，精通的出现频率2次sophisticated a. ①老练的，老于世故的②尖端的，复杂的，先进的出现频率1次eff iciency n. ①效率②功效出现频率7次potential n. 潜能，潜力// a. ①潜在的，可能的②势的，位的出现频率14次productivity n. 生产率wisdom n. ①智慧，明智②名言，格言出现频率4次resource n. ①[pl.]资源，财力②办法，智谋③应变之才出现频率1次appropriate a. (to)适当的，恰如其分的// vt. ①私占，侵吞，挪用②拨出(款项等)供专用出现频率14次available a. ①可用的，可得到的②可以见到的，随时可来的出现频率22次liable a. ①(to+inf)有…倾向的，易于…的②(for)有责任的，有义务的出现频率4次bound a. ①必定的，一定的，理应…，被束缚的②准备(或正在)到…去的，开往…的//v./n.跳(跃)出现频率9次inevitable a. 不可避免的，必然发生的出现频率5次potential a. ①潜在的，可能的②势的，位的出现频率14次tendency n. 趋向，趋势出现频率2次interior a. 内部的，里面的//n.①内部，内地出现频率10次internal a. ①内部的，内的②国内的，内政的external a. 外部的，外面的，外表的出现频率5次surface n. 表面，面，外表出现频率6次superficial a. ①表面的②肤浅的，浅薄的出现频率3次inherent a. (in)固有的，内在的，天生的出现频率2次spontaneous a. (冲动。

Unit 1academia n. 学术界acumen n. 敏锐，聪明ambiguous adj.不明确的ambiguity n. 不明确brink n. 始发点，边缘collaborative adj. 协作的，合作的collaborator n. 合作者，协作者contributor n. 投稿人，撰稿人conviction n. 坚定的信仰或主张expertise n. 专门知识，专门技能foster v. 培养，促进，助长headhunter n. 猎头lone wolf n. 自行其是的人，好独处的人mindset n. 思维定式mitigate v. 缓和，减轻mobilize v. 争取支持，动用资源newbie n. 新手outshine v. 优于…，使…黯然失色perception n. 看法，认识prioritize v. 使…优先prospective adj. 预期的，未来的，可能的scary adj. 可怕的studied adj. 经过深思熟虑的teamwork n. 合作，协作，配合transition n. 过渡，转变Unit 2aftertaste n. 余味apportion v.分配，分摊apprentice n. 学徒broth n. 肉汤，米汤，菜汤ceramic adj. 陶瓷的chili pepper n. 辣椒粉chrysanthemum n. 菊collective adj. 集体的，共同的commemorate v. 纪念，庆祝culinary adj. 烹饪用的drainage 排水，排污dynasty 朝代eccentric adj. 怪异的，古怪的exquisite adj. 精致的facet n. （性格、情况等的）一个方面fare n. 食物ferment v.使…发酵filling n. 馅fragrance n. 香味garnish n. （添加在食物上的）装饰菜ginger n. 姜glutinous adj. 很黏的greasy adj. 多脂的，沾油脂的harmonious adj. 和睦的，融洽的humility n. 谦逊，谦恭improvise v. 即席而作，即兴表演light adj. 味道清淡的，浓度低的，易消化的lingering adj. 经久不消的，久缠不去的literally adv.逐字的，照着原文longevity n. 长寿maw n. 动物的嘴（咽喉）precept n. 戒律，准则reed n. 芦苇reign n. 统治时期renowned adj. 著名的scallop n. 扇贝seniority n. 年长，职位高specialty n. 特色菜stew v.炖，焖tendon n. （连接肌肉和骨头的）腱toast n. 祝酒triangular adj. 三角形的whiff n. 一阵气味Unit 3advance adj.预先的，提前的affectionately adv. 亲切的，有感情的annotate v. 加注解于articulate v. 清楚地表达，清晰地吐字banish v. 驱逐，赶走bereavement n. 丧亲（之痛），丧友（之痛）cataclysmic adj. 剧变的，骤变的conservative adj. 保守的conservatively adv. 保守地cop n. 警察craft v. 精制defenseless adj. 未设防的，无防备的deftly adj. 灵巧的，敏捷的derivative adj. 无独创性的，无新意的earmark n. 特征enticing adj. 吸引人的，诱人的fledgling adj. 新生的，年轻的fundamentalist n. 信奉正统基督教的人goblet n.无柄高脚杯hedge v. 避免作出正面回答installment n. （分期连载的）部分，（分期出版的）分册intellectualism n. 理智magisterial adj.权威的，威严的，盛气凌人的maturity n. 成熟note n. 口气，调子orphan v.孤儿outdo v. 超过，胜过outright adj. 完全的，彻底的plotline n. 情节主线，主要情节promise v. 有…的希望，使…很有可能prose n. 散文punch n. 宾治，潘趣酒quibble n.小小的不满/批评，吹毛求疵quirky adj. 古怪的，奇特的resistible adj. 可抵抗的，可抑制的seductive adj. 诱人的，有魅力的sour adj.敌对的，不愉快的unadorned adj.未装饰的，不加渲染的undercurrent n. 潜伏的情绪villain n. 坏人，反面角色witchcraft n. 巫术wizard n. 男巫Unit 4accommodate v. 迎合，迁就altruistic adj. 利他主义的，无私的avalanche n.雪崩bolster v. 改进cuddle v. （尤指喜爱而）搂抱，拥抱elusive adj. 难以表述的，难懂的frenzied adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的，异常激动的impair v.削弱，损伤，损害impairment n. 削弱，损伤，损害liaison n. 密切的联系，关系mundane adj. 平凡的，平淡的myriad adj. 无数的，不计其数的neurotic adj. 神经质的，神经过敏的，极度焦虑（害怕）的obsessive adj. 着迷的physiological adj. 生理机能的，生理系统的platonic adj. 纯友谊的，柏拉图式的，纯精神恋爱的prerequisite n.必备条件，先决条件，前提psychosomatic adj. 由精神压力所引起的，（疾病）由心理上的惧怕（焦虑）引起的reminisce v. 缅怀往事，追忆往事retard v.阻碍，减缓retardation n. 阻碍，减缓witticism n.妙语，俏皮话，诙谐语wry adj. 露出怪样的，苦笑的Unit 9clog v. 堵塞cram v. 把…塞入crash v. 借宿demolish v. 摧毁，拆掉development n.新开发的房产，新建住宅区dire adj. 极其严重的，极可怕的divert v. 改变（用途或方向）dole n. 救济金eligible adj.合格的，有资格的eliminate v. 消除，根除flatline v. 降到很低的水平hellhole n. 地狱般的地方，环境极恶劣的地方initiative n. 计划，措施lot n. 【尤美】一块地（用于建房或其它用途）lousy adj. 糟糕的mismatch n. 不匹配，不协调mortgage n. 抵押借款，按揭pending adj. 未定的，待决的raze v. 把（城镇、建筑物）夷为平地skimp v. 舍不得花（足够的钱、时间等），克扣slump v. 暴跌soar v. 骤升，猛增stall v. 停滞不前status quo n. 现状subsidize v.给予补助traction n. 牵引力virtually adv.事实上，实际上voucher n. 代金券，凭证windfall n. 意外之财。

研究生get词汇1. 研究生 - graduate student2. 研究 - research3. 学位 - degree4. 学术 - academic5. 学科 - discipline6. 研究领域 - research field7. 学习 - study8. 教育 - education9. 课程 - curriculum10. 实践 - practice11. 论文 - thesis12. 实验 - experiment13. 数据 - data14. 统计 - statistics15. 成果 - achievement16. 学术界 - academic community17. 学术会议 - academic conference18. 学术期刊 - academic journal19. 学术出版物 - academic publication20. 学术成果评价 - academic achievement evaluation21. 学术交流 - academic exchange22. 学术研究 - academic research23. 学习能力 - learning ability24. 沟通能力 - communication skills25. 团队合作能力 - teamwork skills26. 科研工作 - scientific research work27. 奖学金 - scholarship28. 申请 - application29. 导师 - advisor30. 博士生 - doctoral student31. 学术评估 - academic assessment32. 学术成果推广 - academic achievement promotion33. 创新能力 - innovation ability34. 科研资金 - scientific research funding35. 实验室 - laboratory36. 研究方法 - research methods37. 技术应用 - technological application38. 国际化 - internationalization39. 学术界规范 - academic standards40. 专业知识 - professional knowledge41. 专业素养 - professional competence42. 专业技能 - professional skills43. 科技创新 - scientific and technological innovation44. 学术诚信 - academic integrity45. 论文撰写 - writing of academic papers46. 研究成果保护 - protection of research results47. 知识产权 - intellectual property rights48. 学术道德 - academic ethics49. 知识产权保护 - protection of intellectual property rights50. 研究思维 - research thinking51. 研究素质 - research quality52. 参与学术活动 - participation in academic activities53. 学术界交流 - academic exchange54. 学术成果展示 - display of academic achievements55. 综述 - review56. 科研项目 - scientific research projects57. 学术合作 - academic cooperation58. 学术合作伙伴 - academic cooperation partner59. 学术资源共享 - sharing of academic resources60. 学术合作协议 - academic cooperation agreement61. 学术合作平台 - academic cooperation platform62. 研究成果落地 - landing of research results63. 研究成果转化 - transformation of research results64. 研究方向 - research direction65. 科研成果评价 - evaluation of scientific research achievements66. 学术成果管理 - management of academic achievements67. 学术成果鉴定 - identification of academic achievements68. 学术成果创新性评估 - innovative assessment of academic achievements69. 开放共享 - open sharing70. 开放科研 - open scientific research71. 开放教育资源 - open educational resources72. 开放式创新 - open innovation73. 知识创新 - innovation of knowledge74. 学科交叉 - interdisciplinary75. 学术引用 - academic citation76. 学术贡献 - academic contributions77. 学术荣誉 - academic honor78. 学术影响 - academic influence79. 学术资产 - academic assets80. 学术分析 - academic analysis81. 学术思想 - academic ideas82. 学术精神 - academic spirit83. 学术文化 - academic culture84. 学术体系 - academic system85. 学术发展 - academic development86. 学术继承 - academic inheritance87. 学术传承 - academic legacy88. 学术传统 - academic tradition89. 学术口碑 - academic reputation90. 学术评定 - academic assessment91. 学术成长 - academic growth92. 学术历程 - academic history93. 研究创新 - innovative research94. 学术课题 - academic topics95. 学术教学 - academic teaching96. 学术竞赛 - academic competition97. 学术评议 - academic review98. 学术交际 - academic communication99. 学术成就 - academic achievements 100. 学术活动 - academic activities。

Unit One-- College Pressure●Desperately =frustrated 绝望的，沮丧的●Conceive（1）怀孕she has just conceived a baby.（2）产生(ideas)conceive a new ideaConceivable 想象的inconceivable 难以想象的●Incredible难以置信的Incredibly●Fall behind 落后了I’ve fallen incredibly, inconceivably behind.●Totally blew/blow it 搞砸了●Anxious a. Anxiety n.焦虑●Leave town 出城了●Bugging out =run away =To start doing sth逃避I left town because I bugging out again.●Go to the dentist （说dentist能博得很多同情）●Get back to my studies回到学习上，专心学习●Take a lot out of me 累死我了This whole thing has taken a lot out of me.●Be up the creek=be in difficulty遇到难处了creek（从山上流下来的很小的溪流）I’m up the creek.Creek, brook小溪，小河n.●Proverb 谚语pro- 支持the pros and cons of sth问题的正反面Proverbial 众所周知的Verbal 愿意、善于用语言表达自己verb 有时候是语言，不是动词I’m up the proverbial creek.●Need the course for my major 非常需要这门专业课成绩● A tale of woe 悲惨的故事woe= sadnessHere follows a tale of woe.The book tells a tale of woe.●Pile up堆积Nothing original but everything is piling up at once.事情都堆到一起了●Mononucleosis 单核细胞增多症●Wretched 可怜的，可悲的A poor little boy =A wretched little boy●Supplicant恳求者●Scribble潦草地写-script- 写=writingManu-人工，手工，manuscript手稿manual a.手动的Transcript（1）手抄本（书记员把陈述写出来）；（2）成绩单；（3）编剧●Be laden with =be loaded with 充满I’m laden with anxiety.●Balm 原谅●Residential colleges 住校生的学院●Young man /young women girl, boy他们一般用前两个词，不用boy, girl●Slipped under his door 从门缝下塞进去●From coast to coast●High academic standards 学术水平的高低是美国学校好坏的标准●Gallows humor都要上绞刑架了还说笑幽默gallows 绞刑架●Authentic =true 真实的●Panicky a. panic n. 惊恐，恐慌in a panic●Gothic quadrangle 哥特式四角楼●Be privy to +n. 了如指掌（内心隐藏的东西我都知晓）I am privy to their hopes and fears.一般只这么说/expectations and fears●pierce v. 穿、刺piercing cries 刺耳的叫声have ears pierced 穿耳洞●in the dead of night深夜●the road ahead is a long one; unexpected turnsMainly I try to remind them that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns.●Unswervingly 不动摇地（常用）swerve v. 动摇（不常用）Make consistent efforts 不屈不挠地●Presumably 应当说，应该是●Grave n.墓地；adj.严峻的，严重的 a grave problem; a grave situation●Clammy a. 冒汗的●Grip v. 紧紧抓住Some release from clammy grip of the future●Savor = taste and experience尝试，品尝不是enjoySegment =part Savor each segment●grim a.严峻的●trip v.绊倒to trip and fallThe rock trips me.I just trip over the rock.●Instructive 有教育意义的●Bureau 局●Victims 受难者●Inevitable 不可避免的=unavoidable●Proclaim （1）赞美，赞扬；（2）声称●The right to fail●National god●Venerate =respect =revere Veneration n.●Revere v. Reverent a. reverence n.reveratev. irreverent a. 不值得尊敬地●Defer v. deference n. in deference of = in respect of 遵循…●In our praise of possessionsPossess 拥有Possessions n. 财富material possession/wealth物质财富●In the presence of 在…面前I’m shy in the presence of my girlfriend parents.●Potent=powerful potential impotent 无能的（男性性无能）A potent state religion●Omni- 全omnipotent无所不能的omnipresent无所不在的omniscient 无所不知的●Science=knowing conscience 良知的conscious con-一起的，良知的●Herbivorous 食草的carnivorous食肉的omnivorous 杂食的●Induce 引发=trigger =evoke =elicitYour failure to try hard/make efforts may trigger such a result.His words trigger our sympathy.●Batter v. 打击battery n. （1）打击（2）电池He was put into prison because wife battery.●Cellular a.蜂窝电池的cell phone prison cell 监仓（监狱里关犯人的小房间）●Inflation通货膨胀●Endowment 捐赠give给，赋予grant (可以继承享有，但不能处置)= bestow= Endow art endowment 艺术捐赠（白给的）= conferAward= offer=afford = (give)Scholarship（要干活的）奖学金, grant, endowment 奖学金（白给的）●Heating 暖气●Postage 邮费●Premium （1）保费coverage 保额insurance coverage health-premium cost（2）好的premium card●Deficits 赤字●Paupers 贫民●Accrue 累积+钱accrue $5000●Lower-interest 低息●Exhorted 被鼓舞●Commencement ceremony 毕业典礼，一般都只说commencement，ceremony不说Commence=start=begin 开始●Go forth into the world 走向社会●Reckon（1）算账day of reckoning 算账的日子（跟公司算帐；不好好学习父母跟你算账）（2）认为，考虑I reckon that =consider…我认为●Brevity n.简洁●Justify to justify:用合理的理由去解释理性的Justification you are late, can you give me some justifications?Justifiable 不可以用合理的理由解释的it is not justifiable.●Be equipped with 拥有了…；被武装起来的●Along with A goes B 不仅有A还有BAlong with economic pressure goes parental pressure.●Intertwined 缠绕在一起，不可分开的A is an integral part ofB A是B不可分割的部分The two are deeply intertwined.●Premedical courses 学医的预选课程●Tenacity 坚韧不拔的精神tenacious 坚忍不拔的●Conviction信念=true belief convict 给…定罪to convict sb给谁定罪He is a convicted man.他已经被定罪了●Be caught in webs of love and duty and guiltThey are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilty.●The parents mean well. 他们的本意是好的● A secure future●Classics 古典学history or classics or philosophy●Payoff v.回报=reward rewarding a. 值得最的，收获最多的most rewarding experience●Faculty 教职员工faculties（复数）= ability 能力The intellectual faculties developed●Synthetic materials合成材料synthesis n.to synthesize v. A with B=to integrate to integrate my ability with the abilitiesinto the group abilities=to incorporateSynthesize 只能●An ability to synthesize and relate综合和联系能力●To weigh cause and effectIt’s important to weigh the pros and cons before making a decision.●To see events in perspective●To examinesth审视，审查The present essay is going to examine the feature of this new material.●I have heard it put = I have heard someone said●Tear v. 撕扯tore torn●To fulfill their parents’ expectations /to meet someone’s expectation●Presumably wiser presumably应当说，应当是After all, the parents are older and presumably wiser.●Peer pressure●Self-induced pressure● A and B are also intertwined.Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined.●Symptomatic a. symptom n. （1）病症；（2）社会的征兆●Get blocked卡住了●Bug out逃避，退却，（眼球）暴突●Break the circle 打破循环Break the circle in which they are trapped. 打破陷入困境的循环●Be jolted into 被震到（晃一下身体，晃醒）●Shape v. 塑造shape their own futureMy parents’ words shaped me.Traditional Chinese culture has shaped everyone.●Violence is being done. 很残暴的Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience.●Codified a.加密码的●Slot 缝，槽（桌子和桌子之间的缝隙，游戏币投币口的槽）Token 游戏币，地铁代币Fit into certain slot 一个萝卜一个坑Fit into the best-paying slot●Mediocrity n.平庸人（中等、一般，不优秀）mediocre a.●Drab =dreary= boring 无聊的●Solemn a. 严肃的，不苟言笑的● A lot （1）许多，很多；（2）lot 地块，a lot , parking lot（3）一群a lot, 一群人a solemn lot 一群不苟言笑的人●Extracurricular课外的extracurricular pursuit 课外追求，课外活动●Predecessor 前辈●Row on the crew 在划船队划船●Self-limiting 自我限制●Crunch 关键点，难点●Get ahead 领先的●Start from a different point 起点不同●Bound for a different destination 目的地不同bound for 开往，驶向● A tonic 功能饮料（喝了能有能量和活力的，例如“红牛”）●Labor leader 公会领袖labor union 公会trade union 贸易会● A mixed bag of achievers各式各样的成功者●Knew all along一直以来就知道all along 自始自终●Circuitous route弯路●Detour n. 绕弯的路many detours●Be startled 惊讶=be surprised=be shocked=be stunned stunning beauty 美得惊为人天（只能用stun，其他的词不可以用）stunning new 爆炸新闻=be astonished●Conceive of 想到●Allow the hand of God or chance 让上帝之手或偶然的●Nudge v. 用手肘顶别人，轻推They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.。

考研英语必备词汇考研英语必备词汇考研英语必备词汇1考研英语必备词汇1productivity n.生产率profession n.职业，专业，表白，宣布professional a.职业的，专门的n.自由职业者，专业人员professor n.教授proficiency n.(in)熟练，精通profile n.侧面(像);轮廓，外形;人物简介profit n.利润，收益v.(by，from)得利，获益;有利于profitable a.有利可图的，有益的profound a.深刻的，意义深远的;渊博的，造诣深的programme n.(program)节目，计划，规划，程序v.编程序progress v./n.进步，进展;前进progressive a.进步的，先进的;前进的prohibit v.禁止，不准;阻止project n.方案，工程，项目v.投射，放映;设计，规划projector n.放映机，幻灯机，投影仪prolong v.拉长，延长，拖延prominent a.突起的，凸出的;突出的，杰出的promise v.允许，答应;有可能n.承诺;希望，出息promising a.有希望的，有前途的promote v.促进，发扬;提升，提拔;增进，助长prompt a.敏捷的，迅速的，即刻的v.激起，促进，推动考研英语必备词汇2备受考生关注的《全国硕士研究生招生考试英语考试大纲》(以下简称大纲)于20xx年8月26日新鲜出炉，从整体上看，今年的大纲与去年相比，没有任何变化，因此，各位考生大可按照既定的复习思路继续备考。

那么相对于试卷上客观存在的5类题型，很多考生在备考过程中容易忽略掉一个最最基础的内容词汇。

本文将结合最新的考纲及真题，为各位考生总结归纳9月份以后词汇备考策略。

到了9月份以后，考生们开始专注于各个题型的解题技巧的学习或真题的演练。

而做过真题的同学必然会发现，通过解题技巧定位出题目答案所在的范围后，面临的最大的问题就是锁定的那句话读不明白，原因很简单：单词不认识。

硕士研究生一年级英文以下是20个常见的适合硕士研究生一年级水平的单词：一、单词：1. Ambiguous- 英语释义：having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally.- 短语：ambiguous statement（模棱两可的陈述）- 用法：作形容词，可用于修饰名词。

- 双语例句：- The ambiguous message left everyone confused.（这条含糊不清的消息让每个人都感到困惑。

）- His ambiguous answer made it hard to tell his real intention.（他模棱两可的回答让人很难判断他的真实意图。

）2. Constitute- 英语释义：be (a part) of a whole; form or make up.- 短语：constitute a threat（构成威胁）- 用法：及物动词，直接接宾语。

- 双语例句：- Women constitute a large proportion of the workforce in this industry.（在这个行业中，女性占劳动力的很大比例。

） - These elements constitute the basic structure of the theory.（这些元素构成了该理论的基本结构。

）3. Dilemma- 英语释义：a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially ones that are equally undesirable.- 短语：in a dilemma（处于进退两难的境地）- 用法：可数名词，常与介词in搭配。

研究生-基础综合英语-单词整理Unit11.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的，有初等文化的semi-:half or partly2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人（通常是贬义）；不实际的社会改革家（指幼稚的理想主义者，支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者）4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人（尤指迷人的女人）7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm（使）安静下来；平息9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格/doc/1f457002.html,posure:n.calmnessand control平静；镇静；沉着11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁，面临危险13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词，证明15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋，共谋16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college.19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority.20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee.Unit21.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲；求婚2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货；赝品3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a courseof action冒险尝试5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相；伴娘6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相7.pastel:a.a pale andsubduedshadeor color轻淡柔和的色彩8.taffeta:n.a plain-weave glossysilk塔夫绸9.consignment:n.the action of entrusting goodsor saleorcustody托运；托运的货物10.entourage:n.a group of people in attendance on or accompany someoneimportant随从；随行人员11.groomsman:n.a male friend officially attending the bridegroom at a wedding男傧相；伴郎12.courtship:n.the activity or period of courting a woman with a view to marriage 求爱期；追求期13.publicist:n.a personwho promotesor advertisessomething 宣传人员；宣传代理人14.monomaniacal:a.characterizedby mental illness in which a personis dominatedby oneirrational setof ideas对某事狂热的；偏执狂的15.pharmacist:n.a personskilled or engagedin pharmacy;a personwho preparesordispenses medicine药剂师16.whine:v.to utter a subduedhigh-pitched prolonged cry of distressor complaint 哀诉；诉怨17.thwart:v.to run counter to,go against,oppose,hinder阻挠；阻止；对……构成阻力18.cathedral:n.any important,large and imposing church总教堂；大教堂19.quarantine:v.to isolate someoneor something that hasjust arrived from overseasor hasbeenexposedto infection对……进行检疫隔离20.petite:a.of small stature,chiefly of a woman or girl（女孩和妇女）娇小的21.brim:v.[with]to be or becomefull to the edge注满22.navigate:v.to direct,manage,steer给船舶、飞机等引航；导航23.eerily:adv.fearfully or gloomily引起神秘感或害怕地24.reminiscent:a.suggestiveor reminding(someone)提醒的；暗示的；像……的；使回忆起……的25.drab:a.dull or lifeless无生气的；乏味的；单调的26.relentlessly:adv.insistently and uncompromisingly不懈地；不屈不挠地；持续不断地27.dank:a.unpleasantlydamp and cold阴湿的；阴冷的28.tattered:a.torn or ragged破烂的；衣衫褴褛的29.prognosis:n.a prediction of the likely outcome of a disease 预后（指医生对疾病结果的预测）30.trickle:v.to drip or run with tears滴；淌；细流31.decadent:a.declining or decaying(from a stateof excellenceor prosperity)堕落的；颓废的32.incision:n.a division madeby cutting,as onemadeduring surgery切开；切口33.bolster:v.to support and strengthen支持；鼓励（某人）；改善；加强（某事物）34.chemo:n.the treatment of disease,esp.infection or cancer,by means ofchemicals化疗35.poach:v.to cook an egg without the shell in simmering,or over boiling,water水煮（荷包蛋）36.consummately:/doc/1f457002.html,plet ely,to the highestdegree完全地；至上地37.myriad:n.countlessnumber无数；极大数量38.protrude:v.to extendor stick out伸出；突出39.raspy:a.harsh刺耳的；焦躁的；易怒的40.matrimonial a.of or pertaining to marriage婚姻的41.We should be truly thankful to Mr.Deng Xiaoping for taking the plunge andinitiating the economic reform in China.42.What is the useof whining about your bad luck?It is more important to find thereal causeof your misfortune.43.The rising real estateprices thwarted his ambition of owning a houseof his ownin the big city.Disappointed,he returnedto his hometown.44.He writes clearly and lightheartedly about the100best rivers and gives his expertadviceon how to navigate their reaches.Unit31.disingenuousness:n.slight dishonestyand lack of sincerity 不老实2.withering a.(of a look or remark,etc.)scornful or contemptuous(神情、话语）尖刻的3.endorsev.to expressformal supportor approval赞同；认可；支持（意见、活动、某人等）4.sequentiala.following in order of time or place按次序的；相继的；构成连续镜头的；顺序的；序列的5.testimony n.written or spoken statementdeclaring that sth is true,esp one madeunderoath（法庭上证人的）证词6.nicotine n.poisonousoily substancefound in tobacco尼古丁；烟碱7.the better part of:the majority of;the biggest part of大部分；主要部分8.sophisticationn.quality of being sophisticated老练，复杂9.allure n.a mysterious,exciting,or desirablequality诱惑力；魅力10.extol v.(fml.)to praisehighly赞颂；赞扬；赞美11.clad a.dressed;clothed穿衣的12.pathology n.scientific study of diseases of the body病理（学）13.perverse a.deliberately or stubbornly turning away from what is reasonableorrequired错误的；荒谬的；反常的14.exoneratev.(sb.from sth.):to declaresb.free from blame使免罪；免除15.epidemiological a.connectedwith the study of the way diseasesspread,and howto control them流行病学的/doc/1f457002.html,ndmark n.an event or development that marks a turning point or a stage里程碑，地标17.bronchogenica.deriving from the bronchial tubes产生于支气管的；影响支气管的18.surrogaten.(fml)personor thing that actsor is usedinsteadof another;substitute 替代；代理19.deride v.to treatsb./sth.asfunny andnot worthy of seriousattention取笑；嘲笑20.exhaustively adv.very thoroughly;completely用尽一切地/doc/1f457002.html,rmal written businesscommunication（备忘的）记录22.disinformation n.false information,intendedto mislead故意的假情报23.obfuscatev.to make(sth.)confusedor difficult to understand使模糊；使混乱24.spike v.to fastenor furnish with spikes把尖状物钉入25.racketeering n.making money from illegal activities such as threatening peopleor selling worthless,immoral,or illegal goodsor services.敲诈勒索；诈骗26.gagglen.a group of people,especially thosethat are noisy or disorganized散乱的一群，缺乏组织的团体27.skeptic n.a personwho hasdoubtsaboutthings that other peoplebelieve怀疑者28.defraudv.to get sth.from sb.by deception;cheatsb.诈取；骗取29.pandemicn.a diseasethat affects many people over a very wide area（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病30.advocacyn.public support for a courseof action支持；拥护；鼓吹；（对某思想、行动方针、信念的）拥护；支持；提倡31.After the police released their report,John was exonerated from allresponsibility for the accident.32.In a speechat the Congress,the president extolled the virtues of free enterpriseandexpressed his distastefor the blatant hegemonyin IT industry.33.I endorse everything that has been said from both sides of the House in supportand admiration of him and of the courageand fortitude that he and his family have displayed.34.The poor woman was defrauded of her money by a dishonestaccountant.Unit4favor and 1.blessing n.thing that one is glad of,thing that brings happiness;God’ｓprotection祝福；祷告2.curse n.causeof evil,harm,destruction,etc.诅咒；咒骂；祸端3.chitchat n.(infml.)chat;gossip闲谈；聊天4.detritus n.a weekly hard rock and heavy metal e-zine featuring news,reviews,rumors,special reports,andmore花边消息5.suck v.(slang)If someonesaysthat something sucks,they are indicating that theythink it is very bad;somepeoplefind this useoffensive.令人不愉快；令人讨厌6.con a.(slang)哄骗的7.harry v.to annoy(sb.)with repeatedrequests,questions,etc.harass掠夺；使…苦恼；侵掠8.snoopv.to searchor investigatein a persistentandsecretiveway窥伺；打听9.shrivel v.to(causesth.to)shrink and wrinkle from heat,cold or dryness枯萎；干枯；皱缩/doc/1f457002.html,rge number(of questions,criticisms,etc.)delivered quickly,one afterthe other一连串的批评11.nanosecond n.毫微秒（时间单位）12.catalyst n.personor thing that causesa change催化剂；刺激因素13.mind-boggling a.(infml.)alarming;extraordinary or astonishing令人难以置信的14.cook up:(infml.)to invent sth.,esp.in order to deceive编造；伪构；谋划15.hasslev.to harass(sb.);to bother与…争辩；不断骚扰16.irreconcilable a.that cannotbe reconciled不能和解的；不能协调的；矛盾的17.salvagev.to save,rescue海上救助；打捞；抢救18.far-flung a.spreadover a wide area;distributed widely辽阔的；漫长的；遥远的19.visceral a.(fig.,fml.)(of feelings,etc.)not rational;instinctive （感情等）非理性的；直觉的20.peck v.to strike sth.with the beak啄；啄食21.lust n.strong sexualdesire;intensedesirefor sth.贪欲；欲望；色欲22.hierarchy n.system with gradesof authority or status from lowest to the highest 等级制度；层级；统治集团23.buffer n.country or area between two powerful states,lessening the risk of warbetweenthem缓冲；缓冲区24.purveyor n.personor firm that supplies goodsor services 供应商25.spewv.to vomit;to sendout in a stream喷出；涌出；呕吐；吐出26.vile a.extremely disgusting;despicableon moral grounds 恶劣的；简陋的；低廉的/doc/1f457002.html,psen.a temporary lack of sth.such asconcentration or judgment暂时失去某物（如注意力、判断力等）28.gentility n.genteelmannersand behavior有教养；文雅；出身高贵29.lowercasea.Lowercase letters are small letters,not capital letters.用小写字母排印等的30.run amok:to rush about in a wild and angry frenzy横行；胡作非为；乱冲乱杀31.cobbletogether:to put sth.togetheror makesth.hastily or clumsily拙劣地修补32.snippy a.(infml)尖刻的；言语唐突的33.archive n.(pl)historical documentsor records档案；档案馆34.curator n.personin chargeof a museum,an art gallery,etc.博物馆长35.bemoanv.to show sorrow for or complain about(sb./sth.)悲叹；为…惋惜；认为遗憾36.muster v.to gain sth.by collecting it from other people or by drawing it fromwithin oneself;summon sth.up集合；收集；鼓起；激起37.multitude n.extremely large numberof peopleor things多数；群众38.spurn.thing that urgesa personon to greateractivity;incentive刺激；鞭策39.It is certainly undemocratic,and many peopleare beginning to feel that it borderson the unconstitutional.sheremarks,“yet it is just the desire to explain 40.“No t heo ry explains everything,”everything which is the spur of theory.”41.The archaeologist in the film knew that there was a curse upon anyone whoenteredthe pyramid.42.A real love song is infinitely more appropriate for Christmas than a trashy songcookedup as a commercial gimmick.Unit51.innovation n.the processof making improvements by introducing sth.new;theactof introducing sth.new;sth.newly introduced创新的过程新方法，新技术：新介绍的东西2.define v.to show clearly the edgeof sth.清楚地显示出轮廓3.quantifiable a.can be quantified,measuredcapableof being quantified可以计量的4.rocket v.to move extremely quickly非常快速地运动5.conundrum n.a problem that is difficult to deal with难以解决的问题6.craft v.to make(sth.)skillfully,esp.by hand精工制作（某物）（尤指用手工）7.flummox v.to bewilder,confuseor disconcert(sb.)使（某人）迷惑、糊涂或仓皇失措8.malaise n.a generalfeeling of bad health or lack of energy,or an uncomfortablefeeling that something is wrong(esp.with society)and a lack of ability to changethe situation微恙；不适，莫名的不安9.stagnation n.(fig.)stateof showing no activity停滞10.yearning n.strong desire,tender longing强烈的愿望，渴望11.incentive n.thing that encouragessb.to do sth.;stimulus激励某人做某事的事物，刺激，奖励12.provocative a.tending or intended to arouseanger,annoyance,controversy,etc.激起愤怒、恼恨、争论等的；挑衅的；煽动性的13.perpetual a.continuing indefinitely;permanent永久的14.ingenuity n.clevernessand originality in solving problems 聪明，原创性地解决问题15.put a finger on sth.to know the reason for sth.,esp.sth.that is a problem;identify precisely or point out(an error,the causeof a problem,etc.)知道某事的理由（特别是问题），精确地发现或指出问题所在16.lend oneself to:to allow oneself to be associatedwith sth.;adapt oneself or setoneselfup to betreatedin a specialway同意参与；适合于17.raison d’etre(French)a basic,essentialpurpose;a reasonto exist,reasonfor orexistence存在的目的或理由justification of sb.’ｓ/sth.’ｓ18.green innovation:innovation which helps to protect the environment保护环境的创新19.I think you’ve just put your finger on the biggest problem facing theConservativeparty in this election.20.Flummoxing by the surreality of history and the mind-boggling changesunleashedin the60s,many writers in that era became minimalists,withdrawing,turtlelike,inside their own homesand heads.21.According to a survey of college graduatesrecently releasedby the government’ｓCouncil of Labor Affairs(CLA),the average starting monthly salary for collegegraduatesin2006decreased,which revealsstagnation in economy.22.Girls from dalit families,the lowest in the caste hierarchy in India have theyearning for formal school education.Unit61.reiterate:v.to say or do again or repeatedly再次或反覆说或做（某事物）2.benign:a.tending to exert a beneficial influence;favorable 易于产生有益影响的，有利的3.transcend:v.to passbeyond the limits of:超出……的限度4.unprecedented:a.neverhaving happenedor existedin thepast无先例的,空前的5.resilience:n.the ability to recover quickly from illness,change,or misfortune迅速从变化中恢复过来的能力6.disruptive:a.causing trouble and therefore stopping sth.from continuing as usual 破裂的，分裂的7.skyrocket:v.to rise or causeto rise rapidly and suddenly迅速和突然地升高或使升高/doc/1f457002.html,xity:n.thestateor quality of being lax松弛的状态或性质9.fiscal:a.of or relating to finance or finances财政的或与财政有关的10.incur:v.to experience something,usually sth.unpleasant,asa result of actionsyou have taken遭受；蒙受；招致；引起11.intensification:n.action that makessth.strongeror more extreme激烈化12.array:v.to arrangea group of things in a particular way为展示或使用而部署13.folly:n.stupidity,or a stupid action,idea,etc.愚行，荒唐事14.adversity:n.a difficult or unlucky situation or event逆境，困难或苦恼的状态，不幸15.rigor:n.sth.that is hardto endure艰难的或难堪的情形，困境16.dissipate:v.to(causeto)gradually disappearor waste使消散，驱散，弱到或几乎弱到消失的程度17.embody:v.to representa quality or an ideaexactly体现，代表18.covenant:n.a binding agreement;a compact盟约，契约，有约束力的协议19.bypass:v.to ignore a rule or official authority为图省事而不顾规则20.conflagration:n.alarge and violent event,such asa war,involving a lot of people 大型暴力事件，如战争21.subdue:v.to reduce the force of sth.,or to prevent something from existing ordeveloping抑制，克制；使变得缓和，降低22.revealing:a.showing or making known透露内情的，允许一瞥了知的23.vilify:v.to say or write unpleasantthings about sb.or sth.,in order to causeotherpeopleto have abad opinion of them污蔑，诋毁，中伤（某人）24.whenit comesto:when the topic is picked up25.more frequently than not:it occurs quite often that,alsomore often than not26.In the following week,the question reiterated itself in his mind,but he wasincapableof answering it.27.We were very rapidly using up a certain kind of irreplaceable asset,namely thetolerancemarginswhich our benign naturealways provides.28.We apologize for the sluggishness of TypePad-poweredsites this morning,andcausingit.we’re working to resolvethe hardwareproblem that’ｓ29.The conceptthat peopleareborn equalis embodiedin theAmerican Constitution.Unit71.cult:n.sb.or sth.that has become very popular with a particular group of people 在特定人群中变得流行的人或事物2.tenure:n.the right to remain permanently in a job永久地保有其职位的权利3.stardom:n.fame名望，名气4.waffle:v.to talk or write a lot without giving any useful information or any clearanswers胡乱地说或写5.–mongering(suffix,mainly disapproving)encouraging a particular activity,especiallyone which causestrouble（前缀，多贬义）促进某种行为的（尤其是会导致麻烦的行为6.arguably:adv.possibly可能地7.blockbuster:n.(infml.)a book or film that is very successful,especially becauseofits exciting contents成功的书或电影（尤其是因为内容精彩）8.paste:v.to move a pieceof text to a particular place in a computer document（电脑）粘贴9.mollify:v.(fml.)to make sb.feel lessangry and upsetabout sth.使（某人）息怒；使平静；抚慰10.dire:a.very seriousor extreme很严重11.overseer:n.a person whose job is to make certain that employeesare working orthat anactivity is being donecorrectly监督或指导他人工作的人12.hurl:v.to utter vehemently感情激烈地说出13.savage:v.to criticize sb.severely激烈抨击14.flatulence:n.self-importance;pomposity自大；自负15.squabble:n.petty or noisy quarrel吵闹和争执16.exalted:a.having a very high rank andhighly respected崇高的，高贵的17.till:v.to prepareland for growing crops[=cultivate]耕种18.pontificate:v.to speak or write and give your opinion about sth.as if you kneweverything about it and asif only your opinion was correct武断地或自封为权威地谈论某事物19.ghost-writer:n.sb.who is paid to write a book or story for another person,whothensaysit is their own work影子写手；捉刀人personal 20.memoir:n.(pl.)a book or other piece of writing based on the writer’ｓknowledge of famous people,placesor events（个人生活与经历的）回忆录;自传21.hustle:v.to do sth.with a lot of energyand determination 努力地做某事22.moonlight:v.(infml.)to have a secondjob in addition to your main job从事第二职业：作为某人全职工作的额外工作去做另一份工作23.short-change:v.to treat sb.unfairly by not giving them what they deserveor hopedfor未给以公正的报答或酬劳24.ostentatious:a.too obviously showing your money,possessionsor power,in anattempt to make other people notice and admire you为了让别人注意或羡慕自己，故意显示自己的钱，所有物或力量25.ludicrous:a.stupid or unreasonableand deservingto belaughed at;ridiculous可笑的；荒唐的；愚蠢的26.vista:n.an awarenessof a range of time,events,or subjects;a broad mental view 回顾或展望的一连串情景、事情等27.populist:n.relating to or presenting ordinary people,rather than rich orhighly-educatedpeople平民主义者28.trash:v.(infml.)to criticize sth.or sb.severely搞垮，贬低29.besettingsin:n.aparticularly badfeature or habit(often usedhumorously)恶习proposalsas well as Liberal’s.30.The professor trashesConservative’ｓ31.Politicians are always pontificating abouteducation.32.He was askedto bethe overseerof the project.33.He hurled a chair acrossthe set,smashingthe lamps and vases.Unit81.bound: a.going or ready to go towards somewhere前往或准备前往一个特定方向的2.tribute:n.an act,statementor gift that is intended to show gratitude,respectoradmiration表示敬意或称赞的行动、言语或礼物3.chivalry:n.the medieval knightly systemwith its religious expectationof an idealknight,esp.courage,honor,courtesy,justice,and a readinessto help the weak骑士制度（中世纪的）；骑士精神（如勇气、荣誉感、谦恭及扶助弱小等）4.reverent a.feeling or showing deepand solemn respect虔敬的；恭敬的5.rally v.(of troops)to come together again in order tocontinue fighting after adefeator dispersion召集，集合6.forlorn a.(of an aim or endeavor)unlikely to succeedor be fulfilled;hopeless 无望的，几乎没有希望的；绝望的7.custodian n.personwho hasresponsibility for or looks after sth.掌管某事物的人opinions,decisions,etc.不屈8.unbending a.unable or unwilling to changeone’ｓ服的，坚定的9.spur n.a thing that prompts or encouragessomeone;an incentive刺激，鞭策10.eulogy n.(a speechor piece of writing containing)high praise,usu.for apersonor their qualities称颂，赞美11.relentless a.continuously severeor cruel冷酷的，狠心的12.torrential a.causedby or like a violently rushing stream由急流引起的，似急流的13.desolation n.a stateof complete emptinessor destruction 废墟：处于荒芜的状态14.indomitable a.too strong and brave to bediscouraged不可屈服的；不可战胜的15.haze n.a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere,typically causedby finesuspended particles烟雾（造成能见度降低的大气潮气、尘埃、烟雾以及水汽）16.gaunt a.(of a person)lean and haggard,especially because of suffering,hunger,or age（指人）（因饥饿或疾病）憔悴的,骨瘦如柴的17.ghastly a.causinggreathorror or fear;extremely unwell可怕的；恐怖的18.perpetuate v.to makecontinue indefinitely使无限期地延续下去19.promulgate v.to promote or makewidely known宣扬（某事物）20.serene a.calm,peaceful,and untroubled;tranquil安详的，不受干扰所影响的；平静和安定的21.gladiator n.(in ancient Rome)an armedman who fought againstmen or wildanimalsin a public place asa form of entertainment格斗者，角斗士22.guidepost n.a sign giving information such asthe direction and distanceto anearbytown,typically found at a road junction路标23.beacon n.a tall object or a light on or near the shore,acting as guide orwarning to sailors灯塔；灯标24.monger n.a person who promotes a specified activity,situation or feeling,especially one that is undesirable or discreditable经营某一特定商品的商人,促成某一令人不快或不光彩的事发展的人25.ominous a.giving a warning of sth.bad that is going to happen预兆的或成为预兆的（特别是坏的预兆的）26.tint n.a paleor delicateshadeof a color;slight degreeof a color色调27.We must give tribute to all thosewho helpedmake this a free country.28.The new residential blocks were skillfully integrated with the rest of the Collegeto form a pleasing,self-containedwhole.encouragementwas the spur he neededto succeed.29.His wife’ｓ。

UNIT 1Read ing Focus academia (n.)学术界acumen (n.) 敏锐，聪明ambiguous (a.)不明确的ambiguity (n.)不明确brink (n.)始发点，边缘collaborative (a.) 协作的，合作的collaborator (n.) 合作者，协作者con tributor (n.) 投稿人，撰稿人con viction (n.)坚定的信仰或主张expertise (n.) 专门知识，专门技能foster (v.)培养，促进，助长headh un ter (n.)猎头lone wolf (n.)自行其是的人，好独处的人min dset (n.) 思维定式mitigate (v.)缓和，减轻mobilize (v.)争取支持，动用资源newbie (n.)新手，网络新用户outshine (v.)优于...，使...黯然失色perceptio n (n.)看法，认识prioritize (v.) 使...优先prospective (a.) 预期的，未来的，可能的scary (a.)可怕的studied (a.)经过深思熟虑的teamwork (n.) 合作，协作，配合tran siti on (n.)过渡，转变act on 按…行事count on 指望in pursuit of 追求，寻求make up编造(说法，解释) pep talk鼓舞士气的讲话place a bet 下赌注put one ' s neck on the line冒险stick one ' s neck o说冒险的话stand out突出，显眼Readi ng More adhere nee (n.) 坚持，信守，信奉affirm (v.)肯定，强化(感觉,信念等) aut onomy (n.) 自主能力blockhead (n.)笨蛋，蠢人brief (n.)案情摘要，案情简介civility (n.)礼貌，客气cost effective (a.) 低成本高利润的cut-rate (a.)减价销售的cynical (a.)愤世嫉俗的dealing (n.)商业活动，商业往来discourse (n.)(严肃的)谈话，交谈due (a.)应给的，欠下的eminent (a.)(指人)著名的，有名望的empower (v.)给(某人)做...的权利en compass (v.)包含，包括equitable (a.)公平合理的，公正的equity (n.)(利息不定)的普通股，股票ethical (a.)合乎道德的，正确的gratify (v.)感到高兴和满意gratificati on (n.)高兴，满足inculcate (v.)灌输(观念，原则等) in-house (a.)公司(组织)内部的internalize (v.)使(信仰、态度、行为模式等)内在化(成为性格的一部分) intertwine (v.)密切相关的kowtow (v.)顺从，巴结，唯命是从milesto ne (n.)重大事件，里程碑neurosis (n.) 神经官能症outlive (v.)比…经久outperform (v.)做得比…好，胜过prerogative (n.)特权pro bono (a.)为了公益的(尤指律师免费工作)professionalism (n.)专业技巧，高超的水准，职业精神promulgate (v.)公布，颁布(新法律法规等)promulgati on (n.)(新法律法规的)公布，颁布psychic (a.)精神(上)的rigor (n.)(环境的)严酷，艰苦sanity (n.)明智，清醒subsume (v.)把…归入(纳入)某一类superlative (a.) 最优秀的，最好的taxation (n.)征税，税收(制度) top-flight (a.)最成功的的，第一流的, 最重要的venue (n.)举行场所，会场by definition从定义上讲，根据定义commit on eself to doing sth. 答应，承诺for its own sake 为了获得做某件事的经历而做某事impinge on 对...起作用，影响in the short term 就短期而言in this regard 关于此事，在这方面slake one ' s thirs满足(欲望) take precede nee 优先于，(重要性) 高于thirst for渴望，渴求(某物)with referenee to 关于UNIT 4Readi ng Focusaccommodate (v.)迎合，迁就altruistic (a.)利他主义的，无私的avala nche (n.)雪崩bolster (v.)改进cuddle (v.)(尤指表示喜爱而)搂抱，拥抱elusive (a.)难以表述的，难懂的frenzied (a.)狂乱的，疯狂的，异常激动的impair (v.)削弱，损害，损伤impairment (n.)削弱，损害，损伤liaison (n.)密切的联系，关系mundane (a.) 平凡的，平淡的myriad (a.)无数的，不计其数的neurotic (a.)神经质的，神经过敏的，极度焦虑的obsessive (a.)着迷的physiological (a.)生理机能的，生理系统的plat on ic (a.)纯友谊的，柏拉图式的，纯精神恋爱的prerequisite (n.)必备条件，先决条件，前提psychosomatic (a.)由精神压力所引起的，(疾病)由心理上的惧怕reminisce (v.)缅怀往事，追忆往事retard (v.)阻碍，减缓retardatio n (n.)阻碍，减缓witticism (n.)妙语，俏皮话，诙谐语wry (a.)露出怪样的，苦笑的culm inate in 达到…的高峰，最终达到deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺filter out过滤，滤除Read ing Morecourtship (n.)恋爱期debilitating (a.)使(身体或精神)虚弱的deme ntia (n.)痴呆devise (v.)想出，设计，发明hin dsight (n.)事后聪明，后见之明litany (n.)反复的赘述rickety (a.)快要散架的，摇摇晃晃的truce (n.)休战，停战(协定)be at each other ' s throats两个人) 互相斗嘴，激烈争吵launch into突然开始(描述、叙述或抨击) lavish sth. on/upon sb. 过分慷慨地给予(某人)make the best of sth. 尽可能善用(不能令人满意的事物)，善处逆境reel sth. off滔滔不绝地重复take shape 形成，使成形whittle away削减，削弱UNIT 5Readi ng Focusadept (a.)熟练的adhere nt (n.)信徒，拥护者，追随者align (v.)使...排成一线artifact (n.) 手工艺品cardiologist (n.)心脏病专家disciplined (a.)受过训练的，遵守纪律的hyperte nsion (n.)高血压indicator (n.)指示物inno vator (n.) 仓U新者meditation (n.) 默念，默想，冥想，打坐nomi nal (a.)(金额)极小的，微不足道额，象征性的posture (n.)姿势，体态practitioner (n.)(某种活动的)从事着，实践者prestigious (a.)有声望的，有威信的prevale nt (a.)流行的，普遍的prop (n.)支柱，支撑物reimburse (v.)偿还reiterate (v.)反复地说，重申sede ntary (a.)(工作等)坐着做的，案头的stamina (n.)持久力，耐力，毅力stren uous (a.) 艰苦的，要花功夫的tout (v.)赞扬，吹捧well-be ing (n.)舒适，健康，幸福yogi (n.)瑜伽师，瑜伽教授者chron ic (a.)(问题)长期的，反复出现的cognitive (n.)认知的，认识过程的compromise (v.)危机，损害hassle (n.)麻烦irritation (n.)令人气恼的事物juggle (v.)(尤指艰难地)兼顾mag ni tude (n.) 巨大，庞大，重要性overload (n.)超载severe (a.)严重的severity (n.)严重程度，严重性squabbleReadi ng Moreadaptati on (n.)适应ambiguous (a.)暧昧的，不明确的(v.)吵嘴stressor (n.) 带来压力的因素terrain (n.) 地形，地势turmoil (n.)骚乱，混乱understaffed (a.) 人员不足的，人手不足的a host of许多，一大群fit into 属于stress out (使)非常紧张疲惫UNIT 6Readi ng Focus arena (n.)表演场地bestow (v.)给予，赠予，授予，bolero (n.)敞胸短上衣clown (v.)扮小丑，做蠢事，胡闹compact (a.) 小而紧凑的con serve (v.)保护，保存conven ti on (n.)会议，大会cornice (n.) 上楣，飞檐deed (n.)行为，行动deficie ncy (n.)缺乏，不足distraction (n.)使人分心的事物dubious (a.)不能确定的，疑惑的ebb (n.)退潮，落潮editorial (n.)社论ema nation (n.)散发物，发射物enact (v.)上演evangelist (n.) 巡回布道者exalted (a.)高贵的，显贵的excess (n.) 过分，过量execute (v.)(依法)将...处死exotic (a.)外来的，异国风情的fit (n.)(强烈感情的)一阵发作forgo (v.)摒绝，放弃forlorn (a.)孤苦伶仃的，凄凉的forlornn ess (n.)孤独，凄凉forsake (v.)遗弃，抛弃forsake nn ess (n.)被抛弃gladiator (n.)(古罗马)角斗士grail (n.)长期以来梦寐以求的东西impart (v.) 赋予，给予inflict (v.)使承受，使(某人)遭受(不愉快的事) insulate (v.)隔离，使隔绝lapel (n.)翻领largess (n.)慷慨赠予的钱或礼物liner (n.)客轮Lion (n.)要人，勇猛之士，名人metropolis (n.)首要城市，大都会miasmic (a.) 霉气扌卜鼻的morale (n.) 士气，斗志，精神面貌overwhel ming (a.)压倒一切的pen etrati ng (a.) 弥漫的，渗透的queer (a.)奇怪的，难以解释的rejuvenate (vt.) 使(某人)变年轻，使(某人)恢复活力rejuvenation (n.) 返老还童，恢复活力san ctuary (n.) 避难所，庇护所siren (n.)汽笛，警报器sloop (n.)单桅小帆船somewise (a.) 以某种方式spectacle (n.) 奇观，壮观景象splashy (a.)显眼的，惹人注意的stifling (a.)闷热的，令人窒息的stimulus (n.)刺激，刺激物suste nance (n.)食物，营养tack (v.)使(船)改变航向expunge (v.)删除，除去un exp un geable (a.)无法抹去的un dertaki ng (n.)任务，事业un resourceful (a.) 无法应对的，无法解决的usher (v.)领，接人，招待vibratio ns (n.)感应，共鸣waterfro nt (n.) 滨水地区，水边土地westbo und (a.) 向西行的account for 是...的原因at any rate 无论如何，至少be content with 满足于come alo ng 出现，来到，发生for that matter 对...同样如此lie in state (尸体)停放某处供瞻仰pull up stakes 搬家sweat out坚持做完tune out不理睬，置之不理Readi ng More adore (v.)爱慕afar (a.)遥远地assortment (n.)各式各样的混合物, 什锦ballerina (n.)芭蕾舞女演员bang (n.)(头发的)刘海belch (v.)打嗝blink (v.)眨眼clump (n.)丛，簇，群coo (v.)低声细语crin kly (a.)(头发)硬而卷曲的dainty (a.)优美的，小巧的，精致的deck (n.) 一副(纸牌) eyebrow (n.)眉毛fuzz (n.)细毛，茸毛high-pitched (a.)声调高的in dig nity (n.) 轻蔑，侮辱man ger (n.)(马、牛等)食槽poke (v.)戳，捅，拨开，刺prodigy (n.) 奇才，天才purse (v.)撅起嘴唇reproach (n.)责备，指责slant (n.)倾斜soggy (a.) 湿透的sparkly (a.)有生气的，有活力的sulk (v.)生闷气Readi ng Focus acorn (n.) 橡树果 alterati on (n.)变动，改变 antiquity (n.)古代 battlefro nt (n.)前线 covet (v.)觊觎，垂涎，贪求 desecrate (v.)亵渎(圣物) deviate (v.)背离，偏离 disposition (n.)性情，性格 endeavor (v.)尝试，努力 engross (v.)使非常感兴趣，使全神贯 注于...germ in al (a.)初级阶段的，处于萌芽 状态的germ in ally (adv.)初级阶段地 home-fro nt (n.)(战时)大后方人民 huma nitaria n (n.)人道主义者 in destructible (a.)不可摧毁的，坚不 可摧的 knavish (a.)无赖似的，人品不正的 matrix (n.)发源地，摇篮 miser (n.)守财奴，吝啬鬼 mosaic (n.)镶嵌画般的东西 obliterate (v.)忘却，抹去 phila nthropist (n.) 慈善家，乐善好施 者preacher (n.) 说教者，讲道者 proverbial (a.)众所周知的 temperame nt (n.) 气质，性情，性格 traitor (n.)叛徒，背叛者 defile (v.)污损，污染，亵渎 un defiled (a.) 未玷污的，纯洁的，纯 粹的 unfold (v.)展现，逐渐呈现tiptoe (n.)脚尖，趾尖uneven (a.)不匀的，不规则的 ven dor (n.)小贩willful (a.)任性的，固执的for good=for ever 永远look dow n on 轻视，瞧不起 lop off 砍掉UNIT 7un savory (a.) 令人不快的，令人厌恶的be a far cry from 与...大不相同at the peril of 冒着丧失…的危险be in order 适宜，合适hold to遵循，坚持Read ing More aghast (a.)大为震惊的，吓呆了的arcade (n.)拱廊beak (n.)鸟嘴，喙bum (n.)流浪乞丐buzzard (n.)秃鹰censure (n.) 严厉谴责，声讨defer (v.)延期，推迟ebony (a.)乌黑的elude (v.)使记不起来，把...难倒exasperate (v.) 使恼怒，使烦恼flick (v.)弹去，拂去frequent (v.)常去，常到(某地方) gleam (n.)隐现，闪现grimy (a.)满是污垢的，蒙上灰尘的in termi nable (a.)冗长乏味的ivory (a.)象牙色的，乳白色的jangle (v.)发出噪音macar oni (n.) 通心面，通心粉motley (a.)形形色色的一伙人piteous (a.)可怜的，让人怜悯的recollect ion (n.)记起，想起rese ntme nt (n.) 愤恨，不满，憎恶resou nding (a.) 回响的，洪亮的singlet (n.)无袖汗衫，运动背心steadfast (a.)忠实的，忠诚的steadfastly (adv.)忠实地，忠诚地tatters (n.)破旧衣服，破布thong (n.)皮带子wane (v.)逐渐减弱(变小)whack (n.)重击(声)wince (v.)皱眉蹙眼wretched (a.) 不幸的，可怜的，苦恼的wretched ness (n.) 不幸，可怜，苦恼on the tip of one' songue 就在嘴边 (想不起来)put in (船)进港rack one ' s brain绞尽脑汁scrunch sth. up 把...揉成一团throw sb./sth. over 抛弃to one ' s dismay令某人沮丧的是wear on (时间)慢慢地过去UNIT 10Read ing Focuscatholic (a.)广泛的，普遍的collegial (a.)大学的，学院的consen sus (n.)意见一致con templati on (n.)沉思diffusion (n.)传播，散播discer nment (n.)洞察力，敏锐dissem in ate (v.)传播，散播eloquent (a.)雄辩的，有口才的embryo (n.)胚胎foremost (a.)首要的，第一的illu min atio n (n.)阐明immunize (v.)使免疫，赋予免疫性impart (v.)传授，告知imperative (n.)需要in augural (a.)就职的，开始的in cubator (n.)孵化器laureate (n.)获奖者lavish (a.)过分多的lavishly (adv.)过分慷慨地，过于大方Ion g-sta nding (a.)长期存在的non-partisa n (a.)无党派的porous (a.)可渗透的，多孔的predecessor (n.)前辈，前任rigor (n.) 严密，严谨robust ness (n.)健全，稳固scholarly (a.)学术性的serendipity (n.)善于无意中发现有趣或珍奇事物的天赋staggering (a.) 令人吃惊的staggeri ngly (adv.)令人吃惊地solitary (a.)单独的，独自的suffuse (v.)弥漫，充满supesede (v.)代替，取代underlie (v.)成为...的基础utilitarian (a.)功利的，实用的vul nerable (a.)脆弱的，易受伤的vul nerability (n.) 易受伤性，脆弱性couple...with... 并提，加上live up to 符合(标准)，不负(盛名)，履行(诺言)Readi ng More brain power (n.) 智囊团，人才burge oning (a.) 迅速增长的conten der (n.)竞争者cou nterpart (n.) 对应的人或物exacerbate (v.)使加剧，使恶化imperil (v.)危急intensify (v.)加强，增强lucrative (a.) 赚钱的offset (v.)补偿，抵消squander (v.)浪费，挥霍stunning (a.)令人印象深刻地upshot (n.)结果(be) a recipe for sth. 很可能是造成...的原因，是...的秘诀brace on eself for sth. 使准备迎接(困难)fall behind 落后may well很可能，极有可能。

Flabby 软弱的，松垮垮的Greasy 油腻腻的，油滑的Snap 突然，猛咬，突然折断Scapegrace 混蛋Infatuation 迷恋Intuition 错觉Craving 渴望，瘾Hold true for sth 对……也适用Giddiness 眩晕，轻浮Larder 食品柜Perversity 反常，倔强，变态Hilarious 极其可笑的，热闹的Chuck 轻拍，轻抚；放弃（in/up），打发走、扔掉（out）Expostulation 劝告Unscrupulous 肆无忌惮的，无耻Amendment 改正，修正案Qualm （about）疑虑，担心，内疚，恶心Convict 证明有罪、判决（of），使悔悟，囚犯Vindictive 报复性的Scoundrel 恶棍Philander 玩弄女性Grudge嫉妒（v，n+ against），不情愿做（to do/doing）Levy 征收，征募，发动（战争）Tip the scale (against/in favor of) Come across 偶遇，出现，还清，走过来More often than notAs opposed toSeedy 多种子的，下流，不愉快，衣衫褴褛Sensation 感知，轰动Premise 假定，财产Trashy 垃圾似的Inoffensive 无害的，不让人讨厌的Appeal呼吁，求助（to/for），有吸引力的（to）Intermediary 中介的，中介Thrill 使紧张，使兴奋，使颤抖Overt 明显，公然，蓄意Exhilarating 令人高兴的Consummation 圆房Antagonism 对抗的，敌意的Take a liking to 喜欢Have to do with sb 与……有关Rapport 关系密切，和谐Stem from 源于Count on 指望Revert to 回到……Gutter 贫民窟，水沟Infamous 声名狼藉Dissolute 放荡Rogue 恶棍，小淘气Workhouse 救济所，囚犯工厂，感化院Yacht 快艇Sovereign 领土Settle down 安顿Wash one’s hands of sb/sth 拒绝Be in sb’s debt 欠……债Make a point of doing 一定做……Chitchat 闲谈Spam 发垃圾邮件Detritus 碎屑，腐质Suck/rock 吮，烂/摇晃，令人震惊Harry 不断骚扰Snoop 窥视，管闲事的人，私家侦探Shrivel （使）萎缩、无能为力Barrage 阻拦，猛烈攻击Mind-boggling 令人吃惊Disparate 迥异Hassle 争论，麻烦Salvage 挽救，可利用的废品Far-flung 遥远的Visceral 内脏Transcend 超越Flatten 弄平，打倒Hierarchy 等级Purveyor 建议者Prurient 色情Spew 喷Lapse 陷入，流逝，失效，错误Amok 狂怒Cobble 圆石，粗制滥造Snippy 粗鲁的Hyperstimulation 过度刺激Forge 炼造，编造Curator 馆长，管理者，评论员Bemoan 悲悼，哀叹Muster 召集Incentive 刺激（的），激励Outback 内地Swoop 俯冲Flutter 拍翅膀，不规则跳，飘扬，颤抖Wallaby 沙袋鼠Hector 威吓，作威作福得人Plunk down 突然落下Cook up 罗织Peck sth out 啄出，费力的打字A buffer zone 缓冲地带Wipe out 彻底毁灭，抹去，擦干净Be akin to 密切关系的，相似的En route 在途中Mount （使）登、爬、骑；架设，镶嵌；发动（攻势）；设（警卫）；展出，搬上舞台Ultimatum 最后通牒Chronic 慢性Tardiness 拖拉Clamp钳子，钳紧，强行实施或取缔Riot 骚乱Escalate （使）逐步升级，自动扶梯爬升Squabble 争吵Airborne 空运，风媒Intone 吟诵Enlist征募，入伍，获取（支持）De rigueure 盛行Tightrope 拉紧的绳索，危险的处境Enunciate 清晰地发音，宣布One-liner 小笑话Truculent 凶狠、好战、粗暴Buttress 支持物Caricature漫画，夸张手法Guise 外观，伪装Gag 插科打诨，塞住嘴，噎住Blitz 轰炸Citadel城堡，要塞，安全的地方Aloofness 冷漠，高傲Contagion 传染，传染病Defiant违抗的，挑战的，大胆的Protocol，礼节，IT规则协议Implore 请求Ladle 勺，用勺舀Chalk up 记下，取得Patch up 修补，平息In a twinkling 一瞬间Be caught up in sth对…特感兴趣Theologian 神学家Bioethicist 生物论理学家Permeate 渗入，弥漫Mammary 乳腺的，乳房的Nascent 初生的，不成熟的Atheist 无神论者Agnostic 不可知论者Inundate 泛滥，压倒Pharmaceutical 制药的Insulin 胰岛素Reiterate 重申，反复做Uterine 子宫的Transfix 刺穿，把某人怔住Ply 倾向，定期往返，不断地做Juggernaut 世界主宰Mandate 命令，授权Onslaught 突击，猛攻Docile 温顺，容易驯服的A host of 大量Grapple with 搏斗，努力对付Be entitled to 有……权利Walk of life 行业，阶层Incandescent 炽热的，灿烂的Provisional 临时的，暂定的Moratorium延期偿付，暂停，冻结Mentor 良师益友Forte 特长，响的，很响地Steak 牛排，肉排Tentative 尝试性的Irrevocable 不可撤回的Forego 放弃Marrow 骨髓，精髓，葫芦Transient 短暂的，瞬间的，暂住客，候鸟Galvanizing 镀锌，电镀Imposter 骗子Vivacious 活泼的Crack 裂开，砸开，说（笑话），噼啪响，破解，垮掉，俏皮话，裂缝，闯入Trepidation 惶恐，颤抖Arrogance 傲慢Hotshot能人，自命不凡的人，快车Bravado虚张声势，蛮干，冒险Lovelorn 失恋，相思病Dropout 退出，退学，退学生，漏掉Infatuation 迷恋，迷恋的东西Seductress 勾引男人的女人Potency力量，潜力，权力，效力Soother 抚慰者Chameleon 变色龙Pejorative 轻蔑的，贬义的Modus operandi 一贯做法，工作方法Omnipotent 全能的，至高无上的Fortify 加强，加固，筑防御工事于，支持，证实，提高营养，提高酒的度数Brim （杯碗、帽子）边缘Obstinately 顽固的，固执的Howl 嚎叫Tug 拉，拖Blemish 伤疤，瑕疵Forthcoming 即将到来的，现有的，乐意帮助的Bail out 保释，舀出，跳伞Make for 走向，攻击，导致Get away with 侥幸逃脱Speculate on 思索，推测Imbue sb(sth) with sth 灌输Infuse sb(sth) with sth 注入Raise sb’s hackles 生气Call sth forth 唤起Dredge sth up 挖取，捞出，提起Deceptive 虚伪的，骗人的Bracket支架，括弧，类别，等级，档次，同等级的人/物Falsify伪造，歪曲，撒谎Cog 认识，吻合Oversight 失察，疏忽Flirt调情，一时想到，飘动Demotion降级Banter取笑，逗弄，开玩笑Scarlet猩红色Dissect解剖，仔细分析Bluff愚弄，吓唬Abysmally极坏的，极度的Bait诱饵，引诱Magnate巨头，要人，权贵Orchestra管弦乐队Zenith天顶，最高点，鼎盛Becomingly合适的，得体的Prima第一的，主要的Bolster垫子，支持物，靠枕Mastermind才华横溢的人，智囊，幕后操纵Obliterate擦掉痕迹，消灭，忘掉to all intents and purposes实质上As opposed to 与…相对，而不是At every turn 处处Mark time 原地踏步，无进展At stake 危急关头Come by 从旁经过，得到Break off 中断，断交，折断Exert oneself 尽力In the nick of time 及时。

mirage n. 海市蜃楼, 幻想illusion n. 幻觉,错觉,错误的信仰(或观念)con vt. 精读,学习,默记, 掌舵, 欺骗adv. 反对地adj. 欺诈的n. 反对论点，反对者,欺骗, 操舵台, 掌舵infallible adj. 绝无错误的, 绝对可靠的squarely adv. 成方形地,正直地adv.直接了当的、不含糊的、诚实的prospect n. 景色, 希望, 展望v. 探勘, 寻找rip n. 拉裂, 破绽, 激流, 浪荡子vt. 撕裂, 激昂地说, 贬损vi. 裂开, 仓促地冲过... flabby adj. 软弱的, 没气力的, 不稳的conversely adv. 相反地seedy adj. 褴褛的,破旧的,不体面的greasy adj. 油腻的, 滑溜溜的, 泥泞的streetwalker n. 流莺, 娼妓, 街上行人call girl应召女郎aforementioned adj. 上述的, 前述的devious adj. 弯曲的(远隔的,不正当的)snap v. 猛咬, 谩骂, 砰然关上, 拍摄, 崩塌，劈啪作响n. 啪嗒声, 快镜头，突然释放adj. 匆忙的，突然的adv. 劈啪作响地erroneous adj. 错误的, 不正确的devastating adj. 毁灭性的, 令人震惊的, 强有力的eloquent adj. 雄辩的, 有口才的, 动人的magnetic adj. 有磁性的,有吸引力的,催眠术的romp n. 好玩的游戏, 欢闹, 顽皮嬉闹的人n. 轻易取得的胜利vi. 嬉闹玩笑，欢快地迅速奔跑vi. 轻易地取得胜利unassuming adj. 谦逊的, 不装腔作势的glib adj. 能说善道的extroverted adj. 性格外向的flamboyant adj. 艳丽的, 炫耀的，火焰式的n. 凤凰木turnover n. 翻覆, 翻折, 半圆卷饼, 营业额, 成交量adj. 翻折的领子unwarranted adj. 无根据的，未经授权的，无保证的attorney n. (辩护)律师root canal n. 牙根管，牙根管填充手术sedan n. (美)厢式小轿车,单舱汽艇,轿子Sedan: 色当(法国东北部一城市)window-dressing装门面措施rapport n. 关系, 同意, 一致what about (对于) ... 怎么样stem from源于，来自于take to vt. 喜爱(开始,从事,养成,养成,走向,容易学会)count on依靠, 指望tip the scales vt. 称起来重为(起快定性作用)revert to回到，恢复到come across vt. 碰到(遇到, 无意中发现)more often than not往往, 多半as opposed to 与... 形成对照low-key adj. 抑制的, 软调的book up 预定thumb through v. 浏览fray vt. 擦, 磨损n. 磨损处；争论；辩论lapel n. 翻领slob n. 懒虫，邋遢的人plaque n. 匾, 饰板, 名牌, 徽章；血小板spiel n. 滔滔不绝的讲话canvas n. 帆布，（帆布）画布，油画confide v. 吐露,信托,信赖sensation n. 感觉,感知力,激动,轰动premise n. 前提vt. 提论, 预述，假设trashy adj. 碎屑的, 没用的inoffensive adj. 无害的, 没恶意的, 不讨厌的appeal n. 恳求, 上诉, 吸引力n. 诉诸裁决v. 求助, 诉请, 呼吁; 有吸引力spontaneous adj. 自发的, 自然产生的intermediary n. 仲裁者,调解者,媒介物,中间状态adj. 中间的,媒介的[计算机] 媒介thrill n. 震颤,激动vt. (使)震颤,抖颤,激动vi. 变激动installment n. 分期付款(安装, 一期)domesticity n. (喜欢)家庭生活，顾家overt adj. 公开的, 明显的, 公然的potentiality n. 可能力,潜在力,可能性orientation n. 信仰,趋向,定位,适应,情况介绍[计算机] 定向exhilarating adj. 令人喜欢的, 使人愉快的, 爽快的initiate n. 创始人adj. 新加入的vt. 开始,创始,启蒙,介绍加入consummation n. 达到目的, 完成antagonism n. 对抗，对立，敌对状态（行为）infatuation n. 迷恋intuition n. 直觉, 直觉的知识deep-seated adj. 根深蒂固的，深层的craving n. 渴望, 热望wiring n. 配线，布线动词wire的现在分词形式anarchic adj. 无政府状态的, 无法无天的，杂乱无章的astute adj. 机敏的, 狡猾的lingerie 妇女贴身内衣regress v. 倒退，回归，退化n. 退回回归，逆向思维psychotherapist n. 精神治疗医师rationalize vt. 使合理化，合理地说明，[数]给...消根sanitize vt. 采取卫生措施使其安全, 消毒, 使无害rapture n. 狂喜vt. 使狂喜puritanical adj. 极端拘谨的，有清教徒特点的sage n. 圣人,哲人adj. 贤明的,明智的be possessed of vt. 具有, 拥有monogamy n. 一夫一妻制clandestine adj. 秘密的，暗中的adultery n. 通奸enzyme n. 酶testosterone n. 男性荷尔蒙的一种dopamine n. 多巴胺(一种治脑神经病的药物)norepinephrine n. 降肾上腺素, 去甲肾上腺素amphetamine n. 苯异丙胺，安非他命euphoria n. 幸福愉快感vasopressin n. [化]后叶加压素, 抗利尿激素endorphin n. 内啡肽buzz n. 嗡嗡声vi. 发出嗡嗡声,充满,匆忙vt. 飞进,使嗡嗡叫tie the knot 打结(婚礼的一项仪式), 结婚ephemeral adj. 朝生暮死的, 生命短暂的stigma n. 耻辱, 污名n. 柱头malaise n. 不舒服insidious adj. 隐伏的, 暗中为害的，阴险的, 诱人上当的，（疾病等）不知不觉恶化的troubadour n. 行吟诗人, 民谣歌手paradigm n. 例子,模范,词形变化表mount n. 山峰,乘用马,框,衬纸vi. 增长,骑上(马) vt. 提升,爬上,装备en route adv. 在途中ultimatum n. 最后通牒chronic adj. 长期的,慢性的,惯常的clamp n. 螺丝钳,夹子vt. 夹住，固定riot v.&n. 骚乱,闹事vi. 闹事,骚乱escalate vt. 扩大,升高,增强vi. 逐步升级squabble v. （为琐事）争论，口角n. 争论，口角airborne adj. 空运的, 空中传播的,空降的intone v. (以拖长的单调音)吟咏, 吟咏, 唱或吟咏(圣歌)enlist v. 徵募, 参与, 支持charity n. 慈善机关(团体),仁慈,宽厚drive v. 开车, 驱使, 驾进力n. 驾车, 快车道, 推进力, 驱使, 路, 街draft n. 草稿,草图,汇票，徵兵vt. 起草,征兵,选秀adj. 酝酿中的tightrope n. 拉紧的绳索，极其危险的处境enunciate v. 发音, (清楚地)表达one-liner n. 俏皮话，打趣的话truculent adj. 野蛮的, 粗野的, 残酷的buttress n. 扶墙, 拱壁vt. 支持caricature n. 讽刺画, 漫画, 讽刺描述法，笨拙的模仿v. 画成漫画, 讽刺，使滑稽化guise n.装束，外观，伪装，借口gag n. 箝口物, 箝制言论, 讨论终结v. 虚伪, 使呕吐, 插科打浑suffice vi. 足够,合格vt. 使...足够blitz n. 闪击战vt. 以闪击战攻击bolster n. 长枕,靠垫vt. 支持,鼓励foster adj. 收养的,养育的v. 养育,抚育,培养n. (Foster)人名；(英、捷、意、葡、法、德、俄、西)福斯特citadel n. 城堡, 要塞anecdote n. 轶事,奇闻contagion n. 传染病，接触传染，蔓延defiant adj. 挑衅的, 目中无人protocol n. 草案, 协议,礼仪vt 拟定议定书implore v. 恳求, 哀求ladle n. 杓子, 长柄杓vt. 以杓舀取chalk up 记下，达到patch up 修补，平息, 拼凑plus prep.（表示运算）加；（表示包容）外加；[口语]和；（表示数目）在零（度）以上n.加号；[数学]正量；好处；附加物adj.加的；正的；附加的；比所示数量多的mileage n. 公里数heed n. 注意,留心vt. &vi. 注意,留心pompous adj. 傲慢的, 自大的, 浮华的out of place adj. 不合适的(不相称的,不适合的)intravenous adj. 静脉的，静脉注射的overwhelm v. 淹没,受打击,压倒prescription n. 药方, 对策, 开处方hyper 既兴奋又紧张的; 精力过旺的宣传人员egomaniac n. 极端利己主义者，极端自我主义者，自大狂reek n. 恶臭, 水蒸汽vi. 放出恶臭, 有...气味aptitude n. 才能,资质tycoon n. 企业界的大亨，（日本幕府的）将军identify with 视...为一体认同come across vt. 碰到(遇到, 无意中发现)inject v. 注射personable adj. 风度好的,优雅的,貌美的quip n. 警句,名言,讽刺v. 说讽刺的话,嘲弄,托辞howl n. 吠声, 嚎叫v. 狂吠, 咆哮, 呼啸what if 如果...将会怎么样roasting adj. 非常热的，烤肉用的n. 烘烤动词roast的现在分词形式get away with vt. 侥幸做成(侥幸取走)radiant adj. 发光的, 明亮的, 辐射的be bound to conj. 必然(不得不,束缚于,必须)moan n. 呻吟声, 悲叹声, 抱怨声v. 抱怨, 呻吟vi. 呻吟gallbladder n. 胆囊disgruntled adj. 不满意的(不高兴的) 动词disgruntle的过去式和过去分词populate v. 构成人口, 居住于deceptive adj. 迷惑的, 虚伪的, 诈欺的masculine n. 阳性, 男性adj. 男性的, 阳性的, 有丈夫气的bracket n. 支架, 括号, 档次vt. 支撑, 放在括号内, 归入一类, 包含, 支持falsify vt. 伪造, 歪曲, 说谎enslave vt. 使做奴隶, 使处于奴役的状态cog n. 齿(雄榫,坯) vt 装齿轮(打榫,开坯,初轧)oversight n. 勘漏, 失察, 失败spur n. 马刺, 刺激, 鞭策, 支脉, (公路或铁路的)支线, vt. 以马刺策(马)前进, 刺激, 激励, 给(马)装马刺flirt n. 卖弄风骚的人,调情的人vi. 掠过,轻率对待,经历vt. 忽然弹出,摇动banter n. 戏谑,嘲弄v. 戏弄,开玩笑pick n. 采摘, 精选,鹤嘴锄,精品, 收获量vt. 摘,挑选,挑惕,剔除,戳,撬vi. 慎选, 凿, 吹毛求疵, 采收scarlet n. 深红色,斐红色,红衣adj. 肥斐色的,深红色的dissect v. 解剖, 切细，仔细研究，详细分析bluff n. 断崖,绝壁adj. 直率的vi. 吹牛vt. 以虚张声势达成bait n. 饵,引诱vt. 嘲笑,纵犬攻击,以饵引诱,放饵magnate n. 大资本家orchestra n. 管弦乐队zenith n. 顶点，天顶，全盛bolster n. 长枕,靠垫vt. 支持,鼓励mastermind n. 聪明人, 智多星vt. (巧妙地)策划obliterate v. 涂去, 擦去, 删除as opposed to 与... 形成对照at every turn adv. 到处(每次，经常地)mark time v. 踏步, 停顿不前at stake adj. 在危险中(处于成败关头)come by vt. 从旁边走过(得到,来串门) vt. 得到,获得exert oneself 努力，尽力in the nick of time 在紧要关头holler v. 叫喊，发牢骚n. 叫喊，怨言truce n. 休战,(争执,烦恼等的)缓和v. 以停战结束simper v. 傻笑, 假笑n. 傻笑, 假笑sycophant n. 马屁精perverse adj. 乖张的, 倔强的, 错误的，不正当的，误入歧途的，有悖常理的bail out 保释出(某人)go-getter n. <俚>非常积极能干的人, 老手servile adj. 卑屈的, 奴隶的tab n.(tabulate)制表, 标签, 垂饰, 拉环,账单vt. 用标签或垂饰安装assuage vt. 缓和, 减轻, 镇定yo-yo n. 溜溜球(一种玩具) n. 笨人，蠢人adj. 上下起落的vi. 摇摆不定saunter vi. 闲逛, 漫步n. 闲逛, 漫步stretcher n. 担架，伸张器，横砖，横木Madonna n.圣母玛利亚,圣母像whore n. 妓女,嫖客,不道德的人vi. 卖淫, 为个人利益而采取妥协原则syndrome n. 综合征，综合症状；（不良情况的）典型表现，典型行为peccadillo n. 轻罪,小过,小暇疵osmosis n. 渗透, 渗透性，潜移默化shackle n. 桎梏, 束缚物v. 加桎梏, 加枷锁, 束缚macho adj. 男子的男子气的fleck n. 斑点,微粒v. 使...起斑点vt. 使有斑点,使成斑驳virile adj. 男性的, 男的, 有男子气概的, 精力充沛的strap n. 绳, 皮带, 镣铐, 皮鞭vt. 用绳索捆扎, 系住, 鞭笞, 磨快shuffle n. 拖著脚走,洗纸牌vt. &vi. 拖曳,慢吞吞地走doleful adj. 悲哀的, 寂寞的, 阴沉的sibilant adj. 发咝咝声的stupor n. 昏迷, 麻木, 不省人事mumble v. 喃喃而语, 咕哝n. 喃喃而语, 咕哝dehydration n. 脱水consign v. 交付, 分配, 委托valve n. 瓣膜,阀门,电子管,真空管furnace n. 炉子,熔炉,闷热地带,严峻考验overstock vt. 供给过多，进货过多n. 供给过多，库存过剩thermostat n. 恒温器supine adj. 仰卧的, (手)掌心向上的, 懒散的vexation n. 恼怒hector vt.& vi.吓唬，欺凌n.暴徒，威吓者，作威作福的人catcall n. 不满之声,嘘声blur vt.& vi. 使...模糊,弄脏n. 污点,模糊irksome adj. 厌恶的, 讨厌的, 令人厌烦的contortion n. 扭弯,扭歪,扭purposive adj. 有目的的, 故意的unobtrusive adj. 不突出的, 不显眼的, 谦虚的racking adj. 极为痛苦的，难以忍受的动词rack的现在分词compliance n. 承诺, 顺从, 遵从unconscionable adj. 不合理的, 没有条理的, 过度的bellicose adj. 好战的, 好斗的gird vt. 束缚，包围，使做好准备vi. 准备行动v. 嘲笑n. 讽刺的话showdown n. 摊牌fortify vt. 强化，增强，筑防御工事于，（物质或精神上）支持或鼓励vi. 构建防御工事sulk vi. 生气；愠怒n. 生气；愠怒；生气的人gastric adj. 胃的telltale n. 告密者，迹象，指示器，[体]发球限制线adj. 泄密的impervious adj. 不能渗透的, 不为所动的telepathic adj. 精神感应的reproof n. 斥责, 责备brazenly adv. 厚脸皮地，无耻地raring adj. 渴望的，急切的mortification n. 耻辱, 屈辱，禁欲，[医]坏疽centripetal adj. 向心的shaft n. 轴,杆状物vt. 装杆于,利用cyclone n. 旋风, 飓风，气旋,旋风分离器whisk n. 拂, 扫帚, 毛掸子, 搅拌器v. 拂, 迅速移动, 搅拌stash vt.隐藏,储藏n. 隐藏地点，隐藏物unctuous adj. 油腔滑调的，油的apathy n. 缺乏感情或兴趣,冷漠dispensation n. 分配, 施与，分配物, [宗]特许，豁免alienation n. 疏远,离间,让渡,[哲]异化convene v. 集合, 召集, 召唤v. 聚集, 集合plenipotentiary adj. 有全权的n. 全权代表inarticulate adj. 不能说话的，发音不清的，不善言辞的cordiality n. 诚恳, 热诚make a fuss 大惊小怪，小题大做make a scene 大吵大闹be carried away 十分激动, 十分兴奋speak up vt. 大声讲(毫无顾虑地说出)settle for vt. 对...感到满足(满足于)tear into 猛攻, 抨击descend on 袭击，突然降临，突然到来patter n. 急速拍打声, 轻快脚步声, 行话，顺口溜v. 喋喋不休, 滴嗒地响, 发出急速轻拍声hailstone n. 冰雹dodge vt. &vi. 避开,躲避n. 躲避grumble v. 发牢骚,抱怨，轰鸣n. 怨言,牢骚，轰隆声scowl n. 愁容,暴风雨前的阴沉晦暗v. 皱眉头,做出不高兴的脸,变阴沉晦暗newscaster n. 新闻广播员, 新闻评论广播员hapless adj. 倒霉的, 不幸的crane n. 鹤, 起重机v. 引颈, 伸长(脖子) vt. 伸长(脖子等)stand up for 坚持(拥护, 支持)apoplectic adj. 中风的, 易怒的slink v. 偷偷走动antagonize v. 使...成敌人,敌对,反对disembodied adj. 无实体的, 空洞的动词disembody的过去式和过去分词形式runaround n. 回避；推诿；搪塞sue vt. 控告, 起诉vi. 请求, 追求, 起诉n. (Sue)人名；(日)末(名)；(法)休；(英)休(女子教名Susan、Susanna的昵称)petty adj. 琐碎的,小规模的,小气的toaster n. 烤面包机ardent adj. 热心的, 激烈的, 热情的incommensurate adj. 不成比例的, 不相称的rancor n. 敌意, 恨意unalloyed adj. 未掺杂的, 纯粹的clamber n. 攀登,爬上v. 爬上,攀登outmoded adj. 过时的动词outmode的过去式和过去分词形式commonweal n. 公益，<古>共和国dog-eat-dog adj. 弱肉强食的usurp vt. 篡夺, 霸占vi. 篡位wield vt. 行使，运用，支配，挥舞，使用(武器等)astride adv. 跨着，叉开prep. 骑, 跨accoutrements n. (军服, 武器之外的)装备, 配备pushing adj.有进取心的,精力充沛的<br />n.推动<br />动词push的现在分词形式vulgar adj. 通俗的,粗俗的pharisaical adj. 伪善的, 重虚礼的ample adj. 充足的,丰富的,宽敞的quarter n. 四分之一, 一刻钟, 季度, 25美分vt. 四等分vi. 住宿, 驻扎adj. 四分之一的condominium n. （独立产权的）公寓, 共管, 国际共管egregious adj. 恶名昭彰的, 过份的，非常的sly adj. 狡猾的，诡密的,偷偷摸摸的inculcate v. 教授,谆谆教诲,教育profess v. 声称, 冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰blatant adj. 喧嚣的,吵闹的,俗丽的,明目张胆的prat n. <俚>臀部，(英)傻瓜obtuse adj. 钝的, 不尖的, 圆头的intractable adj. 不听话的, 倔强的, 棘手的ignoble adj. 平民的，卑贱的, 卑鄙的, 不光彩的constellation n. 星座, 星群underscore vt. 划线于,强调,提供伴奏乐n. 下划线,影片伴奏乐philanthropic adj. 博爱的，慈善事业的grandeur n. 庄严, 伟大benefactor n. 恩人, 捐助者, 赠送者linchpin n. 制轮楔，轮辖，关键harbor n. 海港,避难所vt. 庇护,心怀,窝藏vi. 进入避祸所,生存inextricable adj. 无法摆脱的, 纠缠的fantasize v. 想像, 幻想=fantasise（英）shorn v. shear的过去分词abrasion n. 磨减, 磨损, 磨损之处superfluous adj. 多余的，过剩的neurosis n. 神经症, 神经衰弱症longevity n. 长寿tumultuous adj.喧哗的，骚动的，激动的sham n. 假, 膺品, 骗子adj. 假的, 伪造的v. 假装, 学样子posterity n. 后代realm n. 王国,领域give away vi. 送掉(泄露,放弃,分配,出卖)under the counter adj.私下出售的(违法的)identify with 视...为一体认同own up 坦白地承认, 供认at all costs 不惜任何代价, 无论如何come about 发生, 改变方向stand for 代表at bottom 实际上, 本质上, 根本上plateau n. 高原;平稳;稳定状态vi. 到达平稳阶段fizzle n. 嘶嘶声, 失败v. 发嘶嘶声, 失败firecracker n. 爆竹, 鞭炮fluke n. 侥幸, 偶然的机会，鲽鱼，猫爪intimidate vt. 威胁,恐吓,胁迫turn around vt. 转身(转变，逆转，卸完货离去)glue n. 胶,粘性之物vt. 粘, 紧附于...smear v. 涂,擦上,抹擦使变模糊n.油迹，污点；诋毁，诽谤；（医）涂片标本dividend n. 红利,股息,意外之财, 彩金, 被除数materialize v. 赋与实质,使体现,物质化v. 成有形,体现,实现forgo v. 没有...就算了, 作罢停止, 放弃mortgage n.&v. 抵押equity n. 权益，产权，(无固定利息的)股票n. 公平, 公正chancellor n. 英大臣(使馆秘书, 首相)bluntly adv. 钝, 迟钝地, 直率地overpower vt. 压倒，制服，给以过大的动力elicit vt. 引出,诱探出pinnacle n. 小尖塔, 尖峰, 高峰vt. 造小尖塔, 放置高处reign n. 执政,君主统治时期,王朝vi. 当政,统治,占优势,支配,盛行stunning adj. 足以使人晕倒的,极好的aptitude n. 才能,资质lackluster adj. 无光泽的(暗淡的,无生气的,平凡的) n. 无光泽(暗淡,无生气,平凡) concede vt. 承认,给予vi. 让步put across v. 圆满完成, 使被接受revenue n. 总收入; 财政收入, 税收n. 税务局recession n. 后退,凹入的地方,不景气stroke n. 中风；冲程；笔画；打击；尝试；轻抚vt. 抚摸；敲击；划尾桨；划掉vi. 击球；作尾桨手；敲击键盘exceed vt. 超过, 胜过, 超出界限vi. 领先verify v. 查证,核实n.[计算机] DOS命令: 打开关闭在DOS操作期间的写文件校验开关surety n. 保证人, 保证, 担保ungainly adj. 笨拙的, 不雅的，难用的。

1. Word List A1. advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ v. to speak in favor of; to supportvt.提倡；拥护；主张；鼓吹；为…辩护：n.提倡者，倡导者；拥护者；鼓吹者(of);辩护者，辩护士;(辩护)律师，专门律师devil's advocate故意持相反意见的人；故意唱反调的人The group does not advocate the use of violence.Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior.许多专家提倡奖励孩子的良好行为。

The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.该报告主张，所有建筑物必须配有烟雾探测器。

Advocate can also be a noun, which means a person who pleads another‟s cause.She is a staunch advocate of free speech.她是言论自由的坚定拥护者。

2. arrogant /ˈæ rəɡənt/ adj. full of pride and self-importance, especiallyin a way that shows no respect for other peopleadj. 傲慢的；骄傲自大的，妄自尊大的I found him arrogant and rude.The noun form of arrogant is arrogance.He has a self-confidence that is sometimes seen as arrogance.3. contempt /kənˈtempt/ adj. a lack of respect; the act of despisingn.轻蔑，鄙视;耻辱，不名誉，不光彩;【法律】藐视法庭(或国会等)短语:0. bring contempt upon oneself 自取其辱，自讨没趣1. bring into contempt 使…受辱，使丢脸2. hold (或have) someone in contempt 鄙视某人，看不起某人3. in contempt of 蔑视，看不起She looked at him with contempt.They had shown a contempt for the values she thought important.The adjective form of contempt is contemptuous.He was contemptuous of everything I did.4. skeptical /ˈskeptɪkl/ adj. having doubts; distrustful∙adj. 怀疑的；怀疑论的，不可知论的I am skeptical about his chances of winning.Many experts remain skeptical of his claims.A skeptic is a person who habitually doubts, questions, or disagrees.To be skeptical about something is to have skepticism疑问about something.Such claims should be regarded with a certain amount of skepticism.5. innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt/ v. to introduce new things, ideas, or ways ofdoing something∙ v i.o革新，改革，创新(常与in，on连用)：to innovate on the old ways革新旧方法∙vt.1. 创立，创始：to innovate a new technique创立新技术短语:o innovate or die 不创新即灭亡We must constantly adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market.我们必须不断调整和创新，以确保在不断增长的市场上取得成功。

Unit 1(be) fraught with 含有……的；充满……的；充满stumbling block 绊脚石；障碍cement vt. 巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合vi. 粘牢n. 水泥；接合剂façade n. 外观；（法）建筑物正面ritual n. 仪式；惯例；礼制adj. 仪式的；例行的；礼节性的ethnocentric adj. 种族优越感的；民族中心主义的lull vt. 使安静；使平静；哄骗vi. 平息；减弱；停止n. 暂停；间歇；暂时平静tenacity n. 韧性；固执；不屈不挠；黏性connotation n. 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西（词、语等）inflection n. 弯曲，变形；音调变化refreshment n. 点心；起提神作用的东西；精力恢复spatial adj. 空间的；存在于空间的；受空间条件限制的preconception n. 先入之见；偏见；预想stereotype vt. 使用铅版；套用老套，使一成不变n. 铅版；陈腔滥调，老套inscrutable adj. 神秘的；不可理解的；不能预测的；不可思议的preferential adj. 优先的；先取的；选择的；特惠的prone adj. 有…倾向的，易于…的；俯卧的ambiguity n. 含糊；不明确；暧昧；模棱两可的话truism n. 自明之理；老生常谈；老套；众所周知；真实性deterrent adj. 遏制的，威慑的；制止的n. 妨碍物；威慑；挽留的事物arousal n. 激励；觉醒deplete vt. 耗尽，用尽；使衰竭，使空虚recuperation n. 恢复；复原permeate vt. 弥漫；渗透，透过vi. 透入；弥漫；散布proxemic adj. [社]空间关系学的proxemics n. 人际距离学；亲近性scrutiny n. 详细审查；监视；细看；选票复查dyad=diad n. 一对；双；[生物]二分体；[化学]二价元素adj. 二的；双的screen out 筛选出circumvent vt. 包围；陷害；绕行detachment n. 分遣；分遣队；分离，拆开；超然Unit 3integration n. 综合；集成analogy n. 类似；类推；类比therapy n. 治疗，疗法smoothie n. 举止优雅的人；善于讨好女人的男子；一种果汁与牛奶的混合饮料casserole n. 勺皿；砂锅菜；餐桌上用有盖的焙盘vi. 用焙盘焙fluid adj. 流动的；不固定的；流畅的n. 流体；液体inadvertently adv. 非故意地；不注意地duress n. 监禁；强迫sabotage vt. 妨害；对…采取破坏行动vi. 从事破坏活动n. 破坏；怠工；破坏活动culinary adj. 厨房的；烹调用的delectable adj. 令人愉快的；美味的backfire vi. 放出逆火；预先放火；产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果n. 逆火，回火cardinal adj. 主要的，基本的；深红色的n. 红衣主教；枢机主教；鲜红色standoffish adj. 冷淡的，不友好的endearment n. 钟爱；亲爱；亲爱的表示intrusion n. 闯入；侵入sibling n. 兄弟姊妹；民族成员pester vt. 纠缠，烦扰；使烦恼whine vi. 哭诉；发牢骚；嘎嘎响；发呜呜声vt. 哀诉n. 牢骚；哀鸣；抱怨sobering adj. 使清醒的；使冷静的；严重的vt. 使清醒（sober的ing形式）steer vt. 驾驶；控制，引导vi. 驾驶，掌舵；行驶Unit 4warrant n. 正当理由；根据；委任状；证明vt. 保证；担保；辩解；批准symptomatic adj. 症候的；有症状的distortion n. 变形；扭曲；曲解；失真retard vt. 妨碍；延迟；使减速；阻止vi. 减慢；受到阻滞n. 延迟；阻止infrastructure n. 基础设施；公共建设；下部构造thwart vt. 横过；反对；阻碍；挫败adj. 横放的；固执的n. 划手座；独木舟的横梁adv. 横过prep. 横过optimize vt. 使最优化，使完善vi. 优化；持乐观态度portfolio n. 文件夹；公文包；部长职务；证券投资组合aggregate vi. 聚集；集合；合计vt. 聚集；集合；合计n. 合计；总计；集合体adj. 聚合的；集合的；合计的vestige n. 遗迹；残余；退化的器官constraint n. 约束；强制；局促，态度不自然ration vt. 配给；定量供应n. 定量；配给量；口粮subsidy n. 津贴；补助金；补贴externality n. 外在性；外形；外部事物subsidize vt. 资助；给与奖助金；向…行贿entail vt. 必需，使承担；[律]限定继承n. 限定继承，限定继承权；限定继承的财产unleash vt. 解开…的皮带；解除…的束缚；发动vi. 不受约束；自由自在；放荡不羁revenue n. 税收，国家的收入；收益disparity n. 不等；不同；不一致bid up v. 抬价perpetuate vt. 使不朽；保持adj. 长存的offset n. 抵消，补偿；平版印刷；支管vt. 抵消；弥补；用平版印刷术印刷vi. 装支管equity n. 公平，公正；普通股；衡平法；抵押资产的净值quadruple adj. 四倍的；四重的vt. 使…成四倍vi. 成为四倍n. 四倍asset n. 资产；有用的东西；有利条件；优点Unit 5synergy n. 协同作用；协同；增效alleviation n. 缓和；镇痛物afforestation n. 造林peter vi. 逐渐消失；耗尽vt. 使…精疲力竭n. 麻醉品；保险箱undervalue vt. 低估...之价值；看轻inheritance n. 遗产；继承；遗传collateral adj. 旁系的；并行的；附属的n. 担保品；抵押品；旁系亲属migration n. 移动；迁移；移民hygiene n. 卫生学；卫生；保健法caloric adj. 热量的；卡的n. 热量waterborne adj. 水运的；水传播的；由水浮起的prolapsed vi. [医]脱垂；下垂n. [医]脱垂；下垂uterus n. [解]子宫urinary n. 尿壶；小便池（等于urinal）adj. 尿的；泌尿的schistosomiasis n. [医]血吸虫病infest vt. 骚扰；寄生于；大批出没；大批滋生cholera n. [医]霍乱intestinal adj. [解]肠的parasite n. 食客；寄生虫toxin n. 毒质；毒素dioxin n. 二氧（杂）芑incineration n. 焚化；烧成灰vector n. 矢量；带菌者；航线vt. 用无线电导航exacerbate vt. 使恶化；使加剧；激怒fetus n. 胎儿，胎stillbirth n. 死产intrauterine adj. 子宫内的retardation n. 迟延；妨碍；阻滞confound vt. 挫败；使混淆；讨厌；使混乱cassava n. 木薯（等于cassawa）tenure n. 占有；任期vt. 授予…终身职位rehabilitation n. 复原cyclone n. 气旋；旋风；飓风impropriety n. 不适当；不正确；用词错误；不正当行为grass roots 草根；基础；乡村地区；一般人民；基本来源或支撑earmark vt. 在耳朵上做记号；标记n. 特征；耳上记号anecdotal adj. 轶事一样的；轶事的；多轶事的mainstream n. 主流Unit 7encroach vi. 侵占；蚕食；侵蚀vt. 侵犯obliterate vt. 消灭；涂去；冲刷；忘掉coquettish adj. 妖艳的；卖弄风情的；迷人的bemused adj. 困惑的；发呆的v. 使发呆（bemuse的过去式和过去分词）hereditary adj. 遗传的；世袭的；世代相传的n. [数]遗传类remit vt. 宽恕；免除；减轻；传送；使恢复原状vi. 汇款；缓和n. 移交的事物dispensation n. 分配；免除；豁免；天命tarnish n. 污点；晦暗，无光泽vt. 玷污；使……失去光泽；使……变灰暗vi. 失去光泽；被玷污；变灰暗skeleton n. 骨架，骨骼；纲要；骨瘦如柴的人adj. 骨骼的；概略的；骨瘦如柴的vanquish vt. 征服；击败；克服；抑制（感情等）temerity n. 鲁莽，冒失；蛮勇teeming adj. 多产的，丰富的；热闹的v. 充满（teem的现在分词）deprecation n. 祈免；贬低；反对torso n. 躯干；裸体躯干雕像；未完成的作品；残缺不全的东西tableau n. 画面；活人画；戏剧性局面；生动的场面（复数tableaux）condolence n. 哀悼；慰问fall out (with) 与…争吵；与…发生纠纷；吵架impervious adj. 不受影响的，无动于衷的；不能渗透的divulge vt. 泄露；暴露virulent adj. 剧毒的；有恶意的；恶性的fall away vt. 消失；背离，离开；疏失；抛弃；消瘦；倾斜perverse adj. 堕落的，不正当的；倔强的；违反常情的sibilant adj. 咝咝作声的；发丝音的n. [语]齿擦音macabre adj. 可怕的；以死亡为主题的；令人毛骨悚然的（等于macaber）valance n. 帷幔，挂布；窗帘上部的短幔grimace vi. 扮鬼脸；作怪相；作苦相n. 鬼脸；怪相；痛苦的表情indentation n. 压痕，刻痕；凹陷；缩排；呈锯齿状。

Unit 1 --------mirage [mi'rɑ:ʒ] n. 海市蜃楼；幻想，妄想illusion [i'lu:ʒən] n. 幻觉，错觉；错误的观念或信仰con [kɒn] n. 反对票；反对论prep. 以…vt. 精读；默记adj. 欺诈的adv. 反面地infallible [in'fæləbl] adj. 绝无错误的, 绝对可靠的squarely ['skwɛəli] adv. 成方形地, 成直角地, 直接地, 坚定地prospect ['prɔspekt] n.希望,前景,景色v.勘探,寻找rip [rip] vt.撕裂,扯开n.裂口,裂缝,撕裂flabby ['flæbi] adj. 软弱的, 没气力的, 不稳的conversely adv. 相反地seedy ['si:di] adj. 多种子的；结籽的；破烂的；没精打采的；下流的greasy ['gri:zi] adj. 油腻的；含脂肪多的；谄媚的streetwalker n.娼妓；拉客妓女call girl n. 电话应召女郎aforementioned [ə'fɔ:'menʃənd] adj. 上述的；前面提及的devious ['di:viəs] adj. 偏僻的；弯曲的；不光明正大的hitchhiker ['hitʃhaikə] n. 搭便车的旅行者, 短篇广告, 顺便插入的广告snap [snæp] adj.突然的, 匆忙的erroneous [i'rəuniəs] adj. 错误的, 不正确的devastating ['devəsteitiŋ] adj.毁灭性的, 破坏性的, 惊人的, 压倒性的, 有魅力的v. 破坏granted adv. 假定，假设eloquent ['eləkwənt] adj. 雄辩的, 有口才的, 动人的magnetic [mæg'netik] adj.有磁性的, 有吸引力的romp [rɔmp] vi. 嬉闹玩笑, 欢快地迅速奔跑vi. 轻易地取得胜利unassuming ['ʌnə'sju:miŋ] adj. 谦逊的, 不装腔作势的glib [glib] adj. 能说善道的, (说话)不假思索的, 轻易随口的extroverted adj. 性格外向的；外向性的；喜社交的flamboyant [flæm'bɔiənt] adj.艳丽的,炫耀的turnover n. 翻覆；[贸易] 营业额；流通量；半圆卷饼；失误adj. 翻过来的；可翻转的unwarranted ['ʌn'wɔrəntid] adj. 无根据的, 未经授权的, 无保证的attorney n. 律师；代理人root canal n. 牙根管, 牙根管填充手术sedan [si'dæn] n. (美)厢式小轿车, 单舱汽艇, 轿子window-dressing n. 装门面措施；弄虚作假vt. 布置橱窗；装饰门面rapport [ræ'pɔ:t] n.关系, 亲善, 一致in quest for 追求what about 怎么样；（对于）…怎么样stem from源于, 来自于take to 喜欢；走向；开始从事count on ['kauntɔn] 依靠, 指望Unit 5 ---------mount [maunt] v.登上,爬上, 装上, 上升en route 在途中ultimatum [ˌʌlti'meitəm] n. 最后通牒chronic adj. 慢性的；长期的；习惯性的tardiness ['tɑ:dinis] n. 缓慢, 迟延clamp [klæmp] vt.夹住, 强加, 压制riot ['raiət] n.暴乱, 骚乱, 喧闹Escalate vi. 逐步增强；逐步升高squabble ['skwɔbl] n. 争论, 口角airborne ['ɛəbɔ:n] adj.空运的, 空中传播的, 起飞后在飞行中intone [in'təun] v.吟咏,吟诵enlist [in'list] vt.征募, 使入伍,获得...支持charity ['tʃæriti] n.慈善, 宽厚, 慈善机关(团体), 仁慈drive n. 运动;宣传活动de rigueure adj. 礼节需要的；社交礼仪上必要的draft [dræft] n.草稿, 草图, 汇票, 征兵vt.起草, 征兵, 选秀tightrope ['taitrəup] n. 拉紧的绳索, 极其危险的处境enunciate [i'nʌnsieit] v. 发音, (清楚地)表达one-liner n. 小笑话，俏皮话truculent ['trʌkjulənt] adj. 野蛮的, 粗野的, 残酷的buttress ['bʌtris] n. 扶墙, 拱壁vt. 支持caricature ['kærikətʃuə] n.讽刺画, 讽刺, 歪曲, 笨拙的模仿guise [gaiz] n. 装束, 外观, 伪装, 借口gag n. 塞口物；讨论终结；箝制言论vt. 塞住…的口；钳制…的言论；使窒息vi. 插科打诨；窒息；作呕n. (Gag)人名；(英)加格suffice vt. 使满足；足够…用；合格vi. 足够；有能力blitz [blits] n. 闪击战bolster ['bəulstə] vt.支持, 鼓励foster ['fɔstə] vt.领养, 培养, 促进, 鼓励, 抱有（希望等）citadel ['sitədl] n. 城堡, 要塞aloofness [ə'lu:fnis] n.冷漠;远离anecdote ['ænikdəut] n.轶事, 奇闻contagion [kən'teidʒən] n. 传染病, 接触传染, 蔓延defiant [di'faiənt] adj. 挑衅的, 目中无人protocol n. 协议；草案；礼仪implore v. 恳求，哀求ladle ['leidl] vt. 不分对象予以赠送；以杓舀取Unit 6 --------theologian n 神学bioethicist n 生物医学permeate vt 渗透op-ed adj 社论对页版mammary adj 乳腺的nascent adj 开始存在的atheist n 无神论者inundate vt 应接不暇pharmaceutical adj 制药的insulin n 胰岛素essentialism n 本质先于存在论reiterate vt 重申；反复的做uterine adj 子宫的transfix vt 使惊呆determinism n 决定论ply vt 使用；从事某行业juggernaut n 重型卡车mandate n 任期onslaught n 猛攻；突击docile adj 温顺的；驯服的；容易教的a host of 大量的grapple with v 扭打；努力克服be entitle to 有权；有……的资格walk of life 社会阶层Unit 8 --------populate ['pɔpjuleit] v. 构成人口, 居住于deceptive [di'septiv] adj.骗人的, 虚伪的,诈欺的masculine ['mæskjulin] adj.男性的, 有男子气概的, 阳性的bracket ['brækit] n.支架, 托架, 括弧falsify ['fɔ:lsifai] vt.伪造, 歪曲enslave [in'sleiv] vt. 使做奴隶, 使处于奴役的状态cog [kɔg] n. 齿oversight ['əuvəsait] n. 疏忽, 失察, 监管, 看管spur [spə:] vt.刺激, 鞭策,促进flirt [flə:t] vi.调情, 玩弄, 掠过,轻率对待demotion [di'məuʃən] n.降级,降职,降等banter ['bæntə]n/ v. 戏弄, 开玩笑scarlet ['skɑ:lit] n/adj.猩红, 绯红色, 红衣dissect [di'sekt] v. 解剖, 切细, 仔细研究, 详细分析bluff [blʌf] v/n. 虚张声势abysmally [ə'bizməli] adv. 深不可测地, 极坏地bait [beit] n.饵, 引诱vt.以饵引诱, 放饵, 逗弄magnate ['mægneit] n. 巨头orchestra ['ɔ:kistrə] n.管弦乐队zenith ['zi:niθ] n. 顶点, 天顶, 全盛becomingly adj. 合适的, 适宜的; 有吸引力的; 好看的prima ballerina ['pri:məˌbælə'rinə]首席女舞者；芭蕾舞团的首席女演员mastermind n.才华横溢的人; 策划者; 智囊v.指导, 策划, 主持obliterate [ə'blitəreit] v. 涂去, 擦去, 删除to all intents 所有意图at every turn adv. 事事；到处as opposed to 而不是mark time 停顿不前at stake 危如累卵；处于危险中；在紧要关头come by vt. 得到；从旁走过exert oneself 努力；尽力in the nick of time 及时；恰好二、Unit 2--------cognac n. 法国白兰地perspicacious adj. 有洞察力的；聪颖的；敏锐的betoken vt. 预示；表示nicety n. 精密；美好；细节；拘泥细节ritualistic adj. 仪式的；固守仪式的；惯例的explicitly adv. 明确地；明白地one-up vt. 领先于……，胜过canoe n. 独木舟；轻舟reciprocity n. 相互作用（复数reciprocities）；相互性；互惠主义rhetoric n. 修辞，修辞学；华丽的词藻benefactor n. 恩人；捐助者；施主hooker n. 妓女；渔船frill n. 装饰；褶边vt. 折成皱边vi. 起边皱frivolous adj. 无聊的；轻佻的；琐碎的wont n. 习惯；惯常活动prone adj. 俯卧的；有…倾向的，易于…的cliche n. 陈词滥调；[印刷] 铅版；陈腐思想adj. 陈腐的fabulous adj. 难以置信的；传说的，寓言中的；极好的tacky adj. 俗气的；发黏的；缺乏教养或风度的ego n. 自我；自负；自我意识pamper vt. 纵容；使…过量；给…吃得过多n. (Pamper)人名；(德)潘佩尔altruism n. 利他；利他主义altruist n. 爱他主义者；利他主义者dispense vi. 免除，豁免vt. 分配，分发；免除；执行largess n. 慷慨的赠予；赠品philanthropic adj. 博爱的；仁慈的donee n. 受赠者，[经] 受赠人callow adj. 年轻而无经验的；羽毛未丰的fast n. 斋戒；绝食austere adj. 严峻的；简朴的；苦行的；无装饰的charisma n. 魅力；神授的能力；非凡的领导力dime n. 一角硬币donor n. 捐赠者；供者；赠送人adj. 捐献的；经人工授精出生的chisel n. 凿子vt. 雕，刻；凿；欺骗vi. 雕，刻；凿；欺骗cynic n. 愤世嫉俗者；犬儒学派的人ironist n. 讽刺家；讽刺作家neurosis n. [心理] 神经症；神经衰弱症conduit n. [电] 导管；沟渠；导水管out of proportion 不成比例get down to 开始认真考虑；着手处理paper over 用纸遮盖；糊上纸；掩盖；掩饰；粉饰do a good turn 做好事wind up 结束；使紧张；卷起；（非正式）忽悠某人（wind sb up）measure up 合格；符合标准Unit4--------euthanasia n. 安乐死；安乐死术cessation n. 停止；中止；中断humanitarian n. 人道主义者；慈善家；博爱主义者；基督凡人论者adj. 人道主义的；博爱的；基督凡人论的syndrome n. [临床] 综合征；综合症状；并发症状；校验子；并发位pediatric adj. 小儿科的congenital adj. 先天的，天生的；天赋的intestinal adj. 肠的obstruction n. 障碍；阻碍；妨碍scalpel n. 解剖刀；外科手术刀dehydration n. 脱水patently adv. 明显地；公然地；明白地prohibitively adv. 禁止地；过高地；过分地thrash n. 打谷；逆风浪行进；踢水动作vt. 打；使逆行vi. 打谷；白忙；猛烈摆动deranged adj. 疯狂的；精神错乱的grotesque n. 奇异风格；怪异的东西adj. 奇形怪状的；奇怪的；可笑的perversion n. 反常；颠倒；曲解；误用；堕落conflate vt. 合并；异文合并appraisal n. 评价；估价（尤指估价财产，以便征税）；估计sadistic adj. 虐待狂的；残酷成性的Unit 5--------scepticism n. 怀疑；怀疑论；怀疑主义fallacy n. 谬论，谬误hitherto adv. 迄今；至今totter n. 蹒跚的步子vi. 蹒跚；踉跄arduous adj. 努力的；费力的；险峻的toil n. 辛苦；苦工；网；圈套vt. 费力地做；使…过度劳累vi. 辛苦工作；艰难地行进indubitable adj. 不容置疑的；明确的folly n. 愚蠢；荒唐事；讽刺剧exterminate vt. 消灭；根除sober adj. 冷静的，清醒的；未醉的vt. 使严肃；使醒酒，使清醒fatalistically 宿命论ascertain vt. 确定；查明；探知pestilence n. 瘟疫（尤指鼠疫）；有害的事物creed n. 信条，教义discord n. 不和；不调和；嘈杂声vi. 不一致；刺耳epoch n. [地质] 世；新纪元；新时代；时间上的一点tyranny n. 暴政；专横；严酷；残暴的行为（需用复数）interlude n. 插曲；穿插；幕间节目；[数] 插算potent adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的gospel n. 真理；信条wholeheartedness n. 全神贯注；全心全意metaphor n. 暗喻，隐喻；比喻说法preclude vt. 排除；妨碍；阻止synthesis n. 综合，[化学] 合成；综合体elude vt. 逃避，躲避grimly adv. 可怕地；冷酷地；严格地garb n. 服装；装束；打扮vt. 装扮；穿衣treachery n. 背叛；变节；背叛行为perpetual adj. 永久的；不断的；四季开花的；无期限的allegiance n. 效忠，忠诚；忠贞mundane adj. 世俗的，平凡的；世界的，宇宙的Unit 7--------misty-eyed adj. 含泪的；感伤的quip n. 妙语；嘲弄；讽刺语vi. 嘲弄；讥讽vt. 嘲弄snob n. 势利小人，势利眼；假内行chariot n. 二轮战车vi. 乘战车；驾驭战车arbiter n. [法] 仲裁者；裁决人enticement n. 诱惑；怂恿；引诱物；吸引力nude adj. 裸的，裸体的；无装饰的；与生俱有的buck n. （美）钱，元；雄鹿；纨绔子弟；年轻的印第安人或黑drachma n. 古希腊的重量单位；古希腊的银币名sprint n. 冲刺；短跑vt. 全速奔跑vi. 冲刺，全速跑absolve vt. 免除；赦免；宣告…无罪ferocious adj. 残忍的；惊人的besmirch vt. 弄污；损害；诽谤iconoclastic adj. 打破旧习的；偶像破坏的anecdote n. 轶事；奇闻；秘史nonetheless conj. 尽管如此，但是shenanigan n. 恶作剧；诡计fortify vt. 加强；增强；（酒）的酒精含量；设防于vi. 筑防御工事swig n. 痛饮，大喝；牛饮ominous adj. 预兆的；不吉利的stimulant n. [药] 兴奋剂；刺激物；酒精饮料strychnine n. 士的宁；番木鳖碱tape n. 胶带；磁带；带子；卷尺vt. 录音；用带子捆扎；用胶布把…封住vi. 用磁带录音pentathlon n. 五项运动；五项全能运动epee n. 重剑；尖剑术hormone n. [生理] 激素，荷尔蒙conjecture n. 推测；猜想impersonator n. 演员；模拟艺人bleak adj. 阴冷的；荒凉的，无遮蔽的；黯淡的，无希望的；冷酷的；单调的skulduggery n. 作假；欺诈；诡计frailty n. 虚弱；弱点；意志薄弱roll around 流逝；周而复始fair play 公平竞争；公平比赛；平等对待by fair means or foul 不择手段地take a dive 假装被击倒jump the gun 偷跑；行动过早；未听发令枪就起跑neck to neck 并驾齐驱fork over 付出hail from （车、船）来自；（人）出生于in honor 为了纪念；向…表示敬意fair and square 光明正大地；诚实地under one’s own steam 下一个的蒸汽cramp up 抽筋go off 离开；进行；变质；睡去。

Unit Onemustache 胡子giggle 咯咯地笑boulevard 林荫大道blurt 突然说出，脱口而出paradox 悖论，似是而非inarticulate 口齿不清，不善言辞kneecap 膝盖骨，护膝bestow 授予，使用，放置，留宿blink 眨眼，闪烁furrowed 有沟痕的，在…开沟，犁田quip 妙语，俏皮话，嘲弄，讽刺语ethereal 天上的，轻飘的，优雅的，精美的，超凡的comeback 恢复，复原sonnet 十四行诗Jim-dandy =excellent 出色人物，上等的，第一流的cadence 节奏，韵律，抑扬顿挫sestet 六重唱曲，六行诗节execrable 恶劣的，讨厌的petticoat 衬裙，裙子adroit 敏捷的，灵巧的，熟练的poise 自信，平衡，镇静etiquette 礼节，礼仪，规矩comport 行为，举动bestow sth. upon (on) sb. 送礼，戴高帽子carry sb. away 使某人失控stitch sth. up 缝起来（诬陷，陷害）well off 幸好（经济）get possession of 占有put one’s mind to do sth. 集中精力come up with 找到方法，答案brush sth. off 忽视，无视on the right track 正确的思考be inept at doing sth. =unskillful doing sth.fall flat 达不到预期的效果fall apart 破裂work like a dog =work very hardthe chances are (that) =it is likely that可能Unit Twocognac 法国白兰地perspicacious 有洞察力的，聪颖的，敏锐的betoken=indicate 预示，表示nicety 美好，细节，精密，拘泥细节ritualistic 仪式的，惯例的explicitly 明确地，清晰地one-up 超过，胜过canoe 独木舟reciprocity 相互作用，互惠互利rhetoric 修辞学的benefactor 施主，捐助者，恩人hooker 妓女，渔船proclivity 倾向，癖性frill 装饰，褶边puritan 清教徒frivolous 无聊的，轻佻的，不重要的，琐碎的wont 惯于，习惯swell 漂亮的，一流的，膨胀，肿胀，隆起allergy 过敏，反感，厌恶prone 俯卧的，有...倾向，易于...的cliché 陈词滥调，老生常谈fabulous 棒极的，极好的难以置信的，传说的tacky 俗气的，品味不行的，缺乏其教养或风度的ego 自我，自负，自我意识pamper 纵容，溺爱altruism 利他主义altruist 利他主义者dispense 分配，分发，豁免，免除largess 慷慨的赠与，赠品philanthropic 博爱的，仁慈的donee 受赠者callow 年轻无经验的，乳臭未干的fast 绝食，快速的，迅速的austere 严峻的，简朴的，严格的charisma 非凡气质，魅力，非凡的领导力dime 一毛钱donor 捐赠者，供者，赠送人chisel 雕刻，凿，欺骗cynic 愤世嫉俗者ironist 讽刺作家neurosis 神经衰弱的，神经症conduit 管道，管线，沟渠out of proportion 不成比例，不合理，不相称get down to do sth. 着手做某事paper sth. over 裱糊，隐瞒，掩饰do sb. a good turn =do sth. Helpful for sb.wind up 收场，结束measure up 达到...标准Unit Fivescepticism 怀疑论，怀疑主义fallacy 谬论，谬误hitherto 迄今，至今totter 蹒跚，踉跄arduous 努力的，费力的，艰苦的toil 辛苦，苦工，艰难坑长的工作indubitable 不容置疑的，明确的folly 愚蠢，荒唐事exterminate 消灭，根除，屠杀sober 冷静的，清醒的fatalistically 宿命论ascertain 确定，查明，探知pestilence 瘟疫creed 信条，教义discord 不和，不调和，分歧epoch 新纪元，新时代tyranny 暴政，专横，严酷interlude 插曲，穿插potent 有效的，强有力的gospel 真理，信条wholeheartedness 全神贯注，全心全意metaphor 隐喻preclude 阻止，阻碍synthesis 综合，合成，综合体elude 逃避，躲避grimly 可怕的，冷酷的，严格的garb 服装，装束，打扮treachery 背叛，欺骗perpetual 永久的，不断的allegiance 效忠，忠诚，忠贞mundane =ordinary 世俗的，平凡的pass for 被某人接受sit down to sth. 着手做某事make calls upon sth. 对...提出要求of little account/moment 不那么重要as against 与...相比with a view to doing sth. 目的是for all =despite 尽管Unit Sixmatriculation 入学考试languish 憔悴，凋零，失去活力garner 获得，储存（谷仓）tier 层，排，行，列，使层叠echelon 梯形，阶层，形成梯队rue 后悔，悲伤，芸香spawn 卵，产卵，大量生产chum 室友，密友，结为密友niche 壁龛，合适的职业credentials =certificate 证书，文凭feign 假装，装作，捏造curriculum vitae 简历gabby 饶舌的，多嘴的whereof 关于什么的，关于那事unalloyed 纯粹的，非合金的banal 陈腐的，平庸的。