武汉大学研究生英语单词表(精排版)

第一部分2100个基础词汇Aa / an art. 一个；每一（个）about ad. 大【联想词】approximately 近似地，大约；some 大约；一些；roughly 大致，大约prep. 关于【联想词】concerning 关于above prep. 在……之上，高于ache v. 痛n. 疼痛across prep. 穿过；在对面ad. 横过，穿过AD n. (A.D.) 公元adult n. 成年人Africa n. 非洲African a. 非洲(人)的n. 非洲人after prep. 在……以后；在……后面conj. 在……后afternoon n.下午，午后again ad. 又，再(次)【联想词】repeatedly 重复地，再三地；again and again 再三地，反复地；time and again 反复地age n. 1. 年龄sixteen years of ~16 岁；at the ~ of 84；2. 时代information ~ 信息时代；a man of middle ~ 中年人；v. 变老，老化As we ~, our brains are contracting. 随着我们年龄增长，大脑在萎缩.ago ad. ……前（从现在算起）10 years ago 十年前aim v. 1. 以……为目标He ~s to be a lawyer. 他的目标是当一名律师. 2. 瞄准~ the gun at the enemy officer 用枪瞄准敌军官n.目标,目的~ in life 人生目标【联想词】objective 目标；客观的；goal 目的，目标；purpose 意图，目的air n. 空气，天空【合成词】air-conditioning n.空调; aircraft n.航空器,飞机; airline n. 航线;航空公司; airlines n. 航空公司;airport n. 机场，航空站all a. 所有的pron. 一切，全部ad. 完全，都almost ad. 几乎，差不多【联想词】nearly 几乎；practically几乎，简直；virtually 几乎，实质上along prep. 沿着along with与……一起already ad. 已，已经also ad. 也；而且although (= though) conj. 尽管，虽然always ad. 永远；总是，一直America n. 美洲；美国among prep. 在……（三者以上）之中，在……（三者以上）中间ancient a. 古代的，古老的and conj. 和，与anger n. (愤)怒，气愤v. 激怒【派生词】angry a. 1. 愤怒的，生气的I was ~ with him for keeping me waiting for a long time. 他让我等了那么长时间，我对他很生气。

Unit One( be ) fraught with：充满stumbling block：绊脚石,障碍物cement[sɪ'ment]：n. 水泥,接合剂；v. 接合,用水泥涂；巩固,加强facade[fə'sɑːd]：n. 建筑物的正面ritual['rɪtʃuəl]：n. 仪式,典礼,宗教仪式,固定程序a. 仪式的,依仪式而行的，老规矩的，惯常的ethnocentric[,eθnə(ʊ)'sentrɪk]：种族[民族]中心主义的, 种族[民族, 集团]优越感的lull[lʌl]：n. 暂停,间歇,稍息v. 平息,使...平静,哄tenacity[tɪ'næsɪtɪ]：n. 固执,不屈不挠,顽固connotation[kɒnə'teɪʃ(ə)n]：n. 含义,隐含意义inflection[ɪn'flekʃ(ə)n]：n. 屈曲,变调,音调变化refreshment[rɪ'freʃm(ə)nt]：n. 点心,提神之事物, spatial['speɪʃ(ə)l]：a. 空间的preconception[priːkən'sepʃ(ə)n]：n. 预想(偏见) stereotype['sterɪə(ʊ)taɪp]：n. 铅版,陈腔滥调,老套,模式化的见解v. 使用铅版,套用老套,陈规inscrutable[ɪn'skruːtəb(ə)l]：a. 不可理解的,不能测的preferential[,prefə'renʃ(ə)l]：a. 先取的,优先的,选择的prone[prəʊn]：a. 俯卧的,易于...的,有...倾向的ambiguity[æmbɪ'gjuːɪtɪ]：n. 歧义,含糊,暧昧,模棱两可truism['truːɪz(ə)m]：n. 自明之理,老生常谈,众所周知deterrent[dɪ'ter(ə)nt]：a. 制止,防止,挽留n. 挽留的事物,妨碍物,威慑力量arousal[ə'raʊzl]：n. 激励,鼓励,觉醒deplete[dɪ'pliːt]：v. 耗尽,使...空竭recuperation[rɪkuːpə'reɪʃ(ə)n]：n. 复原，恢复；恢复健康和力气permeate['pɜːmɪeɪt]：v. 弥漫,渗透,普及proxemic[prɔk'si:mik]：a. [社]空间关系学的scrutiny['skruːtɪnɪ]：n. 研究(推敲)dyad= diad['daiæd]：n. 二数,一对,二元一位screen out：v. 筛选出circumvent[sɜːkəm'vent]：v. 绕行,回避,陷害detachment[dɪ'tætʃm(ə)nt]：n. 分离,分遣,分遣队Unit Threeintegration[ɪntɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n]：n. 整合,集成,同化analogy [ə'nælədʒɪ]：n. 相似,类似,类比therapy['θerəpɪ]：n. 疗法,治疗smoothie ['smuːðɪ]：n. 善于讨好女人的男子, 举止优雅的人casserole['kæsərəʊl]：n. 餐桌上用有盖的焙盘,砂锅菜fluid['fluːɪd]：a. 流体的,流动的n. 流体,液体inadvertently[,ɪnəd'vɜːt(ə)ntlɪ]：ad. 不注意地,疏忽的,不经意的duress['djʊəres]：n. 强迫,监禁,威胁,逼迫sabotage['sæbətɑːʒ]：n. 怠工,破坏活动,破坏v. 从事破坏活动,妨害,破坏culinary['kʌlɪn(ə)rɪ]：a. 厨房的,烹调的,食物的delectable[dɪ'lektəb(ə)l]：a. 快乐的,可喜的,愉快的backfire[bæk'faɪə]：v. 产生事与愿违的后果vi. (指内燃机等)逆火,回火,适得其反cardinal['kɑːd(ɪ)n(ə)l]：n. 枢机主教,鲜红色a. 最重要的,主要的,深红色的standoffish[stænd'ɒfɪʃ]：a. 不友好的,冷淡的,冷漠的endearment[ɪn'dɪəm(ə)nt]：n. 亲爱,钟爱intrusion[ɪn'truːʒ(ə)n]：n. 闯入,侵扰；干扰,侵犯sibling['sɪblɪŋ]：n. 兄弟姐妹pester['pestə]：v. 使烦恼,使苦恼,纠缠whine[waɪn]：n. 抱怨,牢骚v. 哭诉,发牢骚sobering['səʊbərɪŋ]：a. 使清醒的, 使冷静的steer[stɪə]：v. 引导,驾驶,航行Unit Fourwarrant['wɒr(ə)nt]：n. 正当理由,根据,委任状v. 保证,辩解,担保symptomatic[sɪm(p)tə'mætɪk]：a. 具有征候的,征候的,根据征候的distortion[dɪ'stɔːʃ(ə)n]：n. 扭曲,变形,曲解retard['rɪtɑːd]：n. 阻止,迟延v. 妨碍,迟缓infrastructure['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə]：n. 下部构造,下部组织,基础结构，基础设施thwart[θwɔːt]：a. 横放的v. 反对,阻碍ad. 横过optimize['ɒptɪmaɪz]：v. 使...完美,乐观,使...完善v.优化portfolio[pɔːt'fəʊlɪəʊ]：n. 文件夹,(证券)投资组合aggregate['ægrɪgət]：n. 合计,总计,集合体a. 合计的,集合的,聚合的v. 聚集,集合,合计vestige['vestɪdʒ]：n. 遗迹,残余部分,退化的器官constraint[kən'streɪnt]：约束, 强制,约束条件；[计算机] 限制，对感情的压抑ration['ræʃ(ə)n]：vt. 定额,定量,配给subsidy['sʌbsɪdɪ]：n. 补助金,津贴,补贴externality[,ekstɜː'nælɪtɪ]：n. 外表(外在性,外部的Unit Fivesynergy['sɪnədʒɪ]：n. 协同,配合,增效作用,协同作用alleviation[ə,liːvɪ'eɪʃən]：n. 减轻,缓和,解痛物afforestation[æ,fɒrɪ'steɪʃən]：n. 造林,造林地区peter：彼得(人名) v. 慢慢消失,耗尽,逐渐减少undervalue[ʌndə'væljuː]：v. 低估...之价值,低估,看轻inheritance[ɪn'herɪt(ə)ns]：n. 继承(物),遗传,遗产collateral[kə'læt(ə)r(ə)l]：a. 并行的,附随的,旁系的n. 支亲,副保,附属担保物,抵押migration[maɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n]：n. 移民,移往,移动hygiene['haɪdʒiːn]：n. 卫生,保健学caloric['kælərɪk]：n. 热a. 热的,热量的,卡路里的waterborne['wɔːtəbɔːn]：a. 水生的(水传播的,位于水中的)prolapse[prə'læps]：vi. 下垂, 脱垂n. [医]下垂, 脱垂uterus['juːt(ə)rəs]：n. 子宫urinary['jʊərɪn(ə)rɪ]：a. 泌尿的,尿的schistosomiasis[,ʃɪstə(ʊ)sə'maɪəsɪs]：n. [医]血吸虫病infest[ɪn'fest]：v. 遍布于,骚扰,群居于,大批出没cholera['kɒlərə]：n. [医]霍乱intestinal[ɪnte'staɪn(ə)l]：a. 肠的parasite['pærəsaɪt]：n. 寄生虫,食客toxin['tɒksɪn]：n. 毒素,毒质dioxin[daɪ'ɑksɪn]：n. [化]二氧(杂)芑incineration[ɪn,sɪnə'reɪʃn]：n. 烧成灰,焚化,灰化vector['vektə]：n. 向量,矢量,带菌者v. 无线电诱导exacerbate[ɪg'zæsəbeɪt]：vt. 加重(使...恶化,激怒) fetus['fiːtəs]：n. 胎,胎儿stillbirth['stɪlbɜːθ]：n. 死婴,死产intrauterine[,ɪntrə'juːtəraɪn]：a. 子宫内的retardation [,riːtɑː'deɪʃən]：n. 延迟,智力迟钝,精神发育迟缓confound[kən'faʊnd]：v. 使混淆,使狼狈cassava[kə'sɑːvə]：n. 木薯tenure['tenjə]：n. 保有,享有,保有时间rehabilitation['riːhə,bɪlɪ'teɪʃən]：n. 修复,复兴,复原cyclone['saɪkləʊn]：n. 旋风,飓风impropriety[,ɪmprə'praɪətɪ]：n. 不适当(不正确,用词错误)grass roots：n. 基层,草根(基础)earmark['ɪəmɑːk]：n. 耳上记号,特徵,记号v. 指定…作为特定用途,在耳朵做记号,弄上记号,充作anecdotal[,ænɪk'dəʊtl]：a. 轶事的,趣闻的,(个人经验)mainstream['meɪnstriːm]：n. 主流Unit Sevenencroach [ɪn'krəʊtʃ]：v. 侵占,蚕食vi. 侵占,侵犯,侵害vt. 侵犯obliterate[ə'blɪtəreɪt]：v. 涂去,擦去,删除coquettish[kə'ketɪʃ]：a. 娜多姿的,妖艳的,迷人的bemused[bɪ'mjuːzd]：a. 困惑的,发呆的,(沉迷) hereditary[hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ]：a. 世袭的,遗传的remit[rɪ'mɪt]：v. 免除,汇出,缓和dispensation[dɪspen'seɪʃ(ə)n]：n. 分配,施与tarnish['tɑːnɪʃ]：n. 无光泽,晦暗,生锈,污点v. 失去光泽,使生锈,沾污skeleton['skelɪt(ə)n]：n. (建筑物、计划的)骨架,纲要,骨骼vanquish['væŋkwɪʃ]：v. 打败,征服,克服temerity[tə'merəti]：n. 鲁莽,冒失,蛮勇teeming['ti:miŋ]：a. 丰富的deprecation[,depri'keiʃən]：n. 强烈不赞成,反对,祈免torso['tɔːsəʊ]：n. 躯干(残缺的东西),未完成的作品tableau['tæbləʊ]：n. 画面,活人画(舞台上活人扮的静态画面)condolence[kən'dəʊl(ə)ns]：n. 同情,吊唁,哀悼,引辞fall out ( with )：vt. 争吵(发生,解散,掉队,结果)；对某人不客气impervious[ɪm'pɜːvɪəs]：a. 不受影响的,不能渗透的,不为所动的divulge[daɪ'vʌldʒ]：v. 泄露,暴露virulent['vɪrʊl(ə)nt]：a. 有毒的,有恶意的,充满敌意的fall away：vt. 离开,疏远(抛弃,消失),消瘦perverse[pə'vɜːs]：a. 乖张的,倔强的,错误的sibilant['sɪbɪl(ə)nt]：a. 发咝咝声的macabre[mə'kɑːbr(ə)]：a. 恐怖的,令人毛骨悚然的,以死亡为主题的valance['væl(ə)ns]：n. 短帷幔grimace['grɪməs; grɪ'meɪs]：n. 面部的歪扭,鬼脸,痛苦的表情v. 扮鬼脸,作苦相indentation[ɪnden'teɪʃ(ə)n]：n. 刻痕(印压,缩进,曲折岸)。

WORDS：Unit1(be) fraught with充满着不愉快的事情，有着风险、担心e.g. Globalization is a trend ~ both positives and negatives.stumbling block n.障碍物，绊脚石e.g. The United States and Japan should not make the ~ preventing the development of the relations between the EU and China.cement vt.巩固,加强; 粘牢;在…上抹水泥;（用水泥、胶等）粘结，胶合e.g. T o ~ a new friendship, especially between foreigners or persons of a different social world, a spark with which both were secretly charged must fly from person to person, and cut across the accidents of place and time. façade n.①<建>(房屋的)正面 e.g. The church is said to have its ~ unfinished, though the interior may be in use.②假象;外观;表面 e.g. Demolishing its nearly brand-new the newly selected President in his hometown is another case of irresponsible ~ construction. ritual n.①(宗教等的)仪式 e.g. Ritual has been an integral part of human life in every civilization and every historical era, and the ~s of all cultures have common characteristics.②例行公事, 老规矩 e.g. My household chores have become a morning ~.ethnocentric adj.种族〔民族、集团〕优越感的,民族中心的e.g. People are almost always ~ to some degree, because we grow up and learn what is right and wrong, true and false, normal and abnormal, and so forth, we naturally learn to view the world as our own culture views it.lull vt.抚慰,哄; 使放松;使镇静e.g. T o ~ suspicion and fear in the woman victims, the murder pretended to be a drunken man to induce the women to make advances to him before he committed his crime.tenacity n.固执;坚持,顽强,不屈不挠; 坚韧,韧性; (记忆等的)保持力e.g. T enacity is where individuals cling to their beliefs, and refuse to entertain counter-evidence to their beliefs.connotation n.含义;隐含意义; 言外之意;内含e.g. International speakers of English often say “clever,” when intelligence would be a better word. Intelligence is neutral, an intelligent being can be good, bad or whatever. On the other hand, “clever” can have the ~ of plotting, scheming or trickery; it is a characteristic associated with cunning or mischievousness.inflection n.变音，转调e.g.The violin has a poor inflection这把小提琴的音调不准e.g. The inflection of a particular verb某一特定动词的变形refreshment n.茶点,点心；(精力的)恢复,精神爽快e.g. After the dancing, you will be offered some ~ later in addition to the Wedding Breakfast.spatial n.空间的, 立体空间的, 三维空间的e.g. New computer-based technologies are continually transforming communicative praxis and communicative space, and Internet now serves as a communication medium and its ~ dimensions as communicative tools. preconception n.①事先形成的观点或思想e.g. Western teachers must realize that the western ~ of how people learn is not necessarily how Chinese learners learn.②偏见e.g. Through understanding from the point of view of another culture, you can make your own judgment about that culture with as little cultural ~ as possible.stereotype n.老套, 模式化的见解, 有老一套固定想法的人e.g. Although ~s can be positive as well as negative, they are, in everyday usage, most often understood as irrationally based negative attitudes about certain social groups and their members.inscrutable adj.晦涩的,不可理解的;谜一样的e.g. If you’re negotiating with Japanese, Chinese or Indonesian prospects, an ~ smile is used to communicate far more than pleasure. It’s a form of polite behavior, which masks anything from sincere enjoyment to menace.preferential adj.优先的, 优惠的, 特惠的,优待的e.g. China drafts stricter controls and ~ treatment on foreign software, and can India replace America in Chinese requirement of software engineering? prone adj.易于…的,很可能…的; 俯卧的; 有做…倾向的,易于遭受…的e.g. a child prone to mischief爱恶作剧的小孩; failure-prone倾向于失败的ambiguity n.歧义,意义不明确；模棱两可的意思；模棱两可的话,含糊话e.g. I suppose, in some scene, it’s our ability to understand language ~ that makes us human.truism n.自明之理, 老生常谈e.g. It is probably a ~ to say that we live in the knowledge age; the generation, communication and transfer of knowledge has always been the core mission of universities.deterrent n.使别人恐惧或困惑的)制止物,阻碍物e.g. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, which says it deserves nuclear weapons for self-defense, vowed Monday to strengthen its ~ against US if the United States holds on to a “hostile” policy on their country. arousal n.觉醒,激励e.g. The purpose of art is the ~ of emotions.deplete vt.使大大的减少;耗尽,用光; 使空虚e.g. The country’s one-child policy will ~s its future workforce, and has contributed to the breaking up of traditional networks of support and caring for the elderly.recuperation n.恢复e.g. She lives in impoverished circumstances and is coming to England for rest and ~ for the first time.permeate vt.弥漫, 遍布,散布,渗透,扩散；渗入,渗透e.g. An atmosphere of distrust has ~ed this administration.scrutiny n.细看, 细查; 监视e.g. The Centre for Public Scrutiny has launched a self-evaluation framework for the overview and ~ function in local government, and it has a belief of “better ~ for better government.”dyad=diad n.对,双,成对物;二价元素;二分体,一对染色体e.g. Parent-child ~ art therapy is a new and innovative method of art therapy, in which parent and child share the production of an artwork.screen out vt.筛选出e.g. Many employers like to use pre-employment tests as a way to ~ applicants who are not suitable for the job.circumvent vt.设法克服或避免(某事物);回避e.g. South Africa’s exchange controls can be ~ed and are viewed negatively by both foreign investors and businessmen, the president told on Friday. detachment n. 超脱；冷淡的,不关心的；拆卸,分离,分开e.g. In British culture open displays of emotion, positive or negative are rare and should be avoided. During meetings, this means your British colleagues will approach business with an air of formality and ~.UNIT 3integration n.结合；整合；一体化e.g. Many experts are calling for the ~of Information T echnology activities into school curriculum.analogy n.类比；比拟；比喻e.g. The operation of a computer presents an interesting ~ to the working of the brain.therapy n.治疗，疗法e.g. The quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury. He tried every treatment the doctors suggested and found the heat ~ gave the best relief.smoothie n.圆滑的人;善于讨好女人的男人;果汁，加奶（或冰淇凌）果汁casserole n.焙盘，砂锅；焙盘菜，砂锅菜e.g.Who made this ~ of chicken?fluid adj.流体的, 流动的;易变的, 不固定的; (动作、设计、音乐) 流畅优美的e.g. a ~ situation fraught with uncertaintyinadvertently adv.漫不经心地，疏忽的；无意的，不经意的e.g. He ~ deleted the reference.duress n.威胁，逼迫e.g. The agreements made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effects of ~ and force.sabotage v.阴谋破坏（某事物）e.g. The Resistance ~d railroad operations during the war.culinary adj.厨房的，烹饪的；食物的e.g. a~ vessel; the ~ art；The superb ~ technique make people exclaim. delectable adj.令人愉快的，令人喜爱的e.g. What ~ food you cook!backfire v.发生意外, 产生事与愿违的后果; (内燃机等)发生逆火, 发生回火；(枪炮)向后爆发e.g. Your comments may ~ and cause you a lot of trouble.cardinal adj.最重要的，最主要的e.g. a ~ rule; the ~ cause of the problem.standoffish adj.冷淡的，冷漠的e.g. a ~ manner；Mary only seems ~; once you get to know her, she is nice.endearment n.表示爱慕的话语，亲热的表示e.g. Her first ~s twining round the soul.intrusion n.闯入、侵入，打扰；(对某事的)干扰,，干涉，扰乱，侵犯e.g. Why this ~? Were not my orders that I should be private?sibling n.兄，弟，姐，妹e.g.A ~ or spouse may fulfill this role.pester v.使烦恼，使纠缠e.g. A multitude of scribblers daily ~ the world. whine v.哀号，哀怨，诉怨e.g.She spoke with a ~.sobering adj.使清净的，使冷静的e.g. The news had a ~ effect.steer v.驾驶, 掌舵；操纵；控制；引导；(船、汽车等) 行驶e.g. The teacher ~ ed the gifted students towards the more challenging courses.Unit4warrant vt.使有必要,使正当,使恰当;保证, 担保e.g. The textile ~ed to be pure cotton turned out to be synthetic fabrics.symptomatic adj.征兆的,症候的,有症状的;根据症状的e.g. A rise in crime is ~ of social breakdown.distortion n.扭曲;变形;失真,歪曲e.g. The technician discovered a new way to compose aluminum alloys that are more resistant to wear and ~.retard vt.使减速;妨碍;阻止; 推迟,延迟; <机>使(点火)延迟e.g. Gap in educational investment across regions will ~ the national economic development as a whole.infrastructure n.基础设施,基础结构,基础建设;行政机构;【军事】永久性军事设施，永久性基地;(支持并进行颠覆或其他非法活动的)秘密机构;【建筑学】基础；下面结构e.g. The development of national ~ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become more conscious of its significance in economic growth.thwart vt.阻挠; 阻止, 对…构成阻力;使受挫折;挫败;<旧>横过,穿越e.g. She was ~ed in her attempt to take over the firm handed down by her father due to strong interference by her family.optimize vt.使最优化,使尽可能有效e.g. The core of economics is to ~ resources available ,namely to get the biggest output with the least resources.portfolio n.投资组合;（公司或机构提供的）系列产品，系列服务; 有价证券组合e.g. The more diversified the investments in a ~ , the more likely the investor is to earn the same return in the market.aggregate adj.总数的；总计的e.g. The ~ sales in the markets vary with the change of seasons.vestige n.残余部分,遗迹,痕迹; 毫不,一点也不;退化的器官;退化器官的痕迹e.g. The objection to opening up work market is a ~ of planned economy.constraint n.强制; 限制, 约束2. 强制, 强迫e.g. The agreement claims that trade in the open market of North America should never be under ~ ,but it does not always work.ration vt.限量供应; 配给供应e.g. Food, clothing and other daily necessities were ~ed in China’s planned economy.subsidy n.补贴, 津贴, 补助金e.g. Housing ~ies are granted to poor families by the municipal government, which is an important aspect in the welfare system.externality n.外在性, 外在化, 客观性;外形, 外表,外部事物;（经济学名词）外部效应e.g. It is nature that decides one’s temperament for ~ies such as parentage, childhood experiences exert limited influences.subsidize vt.给…津贴或补贴; 资助或补助…e.g. Some traditional Chinese arts are in difficulty because of financialshortage. If they are not heavily ~d with special funds, some will be extinct sooner or later.entail vt.使…成为必要, 需要;限定继承;使必需,使蒙受,使承担,遗传给e.g. The investment in real estate ~ed a high risk, however, a lot of people refused to give it up.unleash vt.把(感情、力量等)释放出来, 发泄e.g. The government’s proposal to strengthen content supervision ~ed a storm of protest in the press.revenue n.收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收; [复数]总收入; 收入来源; 税务局e.g. Advertising ~ finances the commercial television channels.disparity n.尤指因不公正对待引起的）不同，不等，差异，悬殊e.g. Many international organizations are involved in narrowing the economic ~ among regions and industries instead of aiming at economic profits.bid up vi&vt.在拍卖中哄抬物价e.g. Speculative demand has ~ the price of wheat in international trade.perpetuate vt.使永存;使人记住不忘;使不朽;vi&vt.使永久化;使持久化e.g. This irrigation system in Dujiangyan has ~ed itself for several centuries.offset vt.抵消,补偿; (为了比较的目的而)把…并列(或并置)，衬托出;为(管道等)装支管 e.g. Their wage increases would be ~ by higher prices.equity n.公平, 公正;〈律〉衡平法;普通股;（公司的）股本,资产净值;公道，合理，正当; 公平合理(或公正)的事;公正裁决,公正行为;【商业】剩余美元价值e.g. Freedom of speech is the basic human right in a society where justice and ~ prevail.quadruple vi&vt. (使)成四倍e.g. The college has been ~ed in size and enrollment.asset n. 资产, 财产; 有价值的人或物; 优点, 长处; (有交换价值的)所有物(或占有物)，(单项)财产;情报提供者，可以用于情报活动的人才(或机关) ;遗产，可偿债的资产，在死者继承人(或指定的遗嘱执行人)手里足以偿债和遗赠的遗产;(商店、破产者等的)财产;e.g. After fifteen year’s primitive accumulation his ~s now include shares in a transcontinental company and a villa in Italy.UNIT5synergy n.协同,配合,企业合并后的协力优势或协合作用e.g. And I saw the tragic consequences to other flights and individuals when one element or another of that important ~ broke down.alleviation n.减轻,缓解,缓和;镇痛物e.g. The central meaning shared by these adjectives is “marked or motivated by concern with the ~ of suffering.afforestation n.造林,造林地区e.g. Both forest management and ~ are responsible for direct and indirect environmental change.peter v.渐渐枯竭〔消失〕;逐渐减少；逐渐减弱；慢慢消失e.g. That hot-spot eruption lasted some 2 million years before ~ out to a more modest flow.undervalue vt.对(某人或某事物)评价过低; 低估(某人或某事物)e.g. She felt that the company ~d her work.inheritance n.继承物, 遗产,继承2. 遗传特征；遗产e.g. He spent all his ~ in less than a year.collateral①n.附属担保品e.g. People put up their homes as ~ in order to raise the money to invest in the scheme.[syn]security保护，防护；保安措施e.g. The prison was ordered to tighten ~ after a prisoner escaped yesterday.②adj.相关的;旁系的;附属的,次要的,第二位的,副的;并行的,并联的,平行的e.g. There may be ~ benefits to the scheme.migration n.迁移；移居；迁徙e.g. Wars always cause great ~s of people.hygiene n.卫生学, 保健学e.g. A healthy lifestyle includes having a nutritious diet and good personal.caloric adj.热量(的)①relating to heat e.g. the ~ effect of sunlight②relating to calories e.g. the ~ content of foodwaterborne adj.水上的,水运的e.g. The crew had been busy running cargo and vehicles on a ~~ Main Supply Route until just after midnight.prolapse n.下垂,脱垂e.g.~ of uterusuterus n.子宫e.g. Uterus normally pear-sized, the ~ grows up to five times its usual size in pregnancy.urinary adj.尿的,尿样的;泌尿的,泌尿器的e.g. Administration of 5 units of aqueous vasopressin subcutaneously should maximally stimulate ~ concentration.schistosomiasis n.血吸虫病e.g.the prevention and cure of ~infest v.害虫、野兽大批出没于;遍布于e.g. A warehouse ~ed with rats; The kitchen was ~ed with cockroaches.cholera n.霍乱e.g. Asiatic ~, a new enteric disease, provided the spur to action. intestinal adj.肠的e.g. the ~ wall; ~ bacteriaparasite n.①寄生生物,寄生虫，寄生植物e.g. Most government employeeshad become ~, expecting to retain their positions through friendship or political favor.②寄生虫,依赖他人过活者,靠他人为生的人 e.g. It will probably resist extermination, however, since, unlike its ~, it frequents shallow water.toxin n.毒素e.g. And we note this with sadness, because in functioning organizations these ~ need never become potent enough to taint performance.dioxin n.二氧(杂)芑e.g. And why is it that evil movie fishermen always dump ~ into the ocean?incineration n.焚化、烧成灰e.g.~ of municipal refuse;sludge ~vector n. 传病媒介,带菌者;<数,物> 矢量,向量;航向,航线;引导,动力e.g. Mosquitoes are feared as ~ of malaria.exacerbate v.使恶化，使加重e.g. Howe’s unkind remarks have ~ racial tensions in the community.fetus n.胎儿，胎e.g. Incidentally it changes its composition considerably between the ~ and the adult.stillbirth n.死产，死胎e.g. Danger, suspense, pregnancy, ~, and nuclear dangers combine in this story set in a small rural town.intrauterine adj.子宫内的retardation n.延迟e.g. mental ~；A condition of slowness or ~confound v.使惊惶;弄糊涂；搞乱，混淆(意念等)；击败, 挫败；使困惑惊讶，使惊疑；证明…有错 e.g. His amazing recovery ~ed the medical specialists.cassava n.木薯e.g. Alcohol can be produced from plants such as sugar caneand ~ by fermentation and distillation.tenure n.①(职位, 如政治地位、土地或其他资产等的)保有;保有期,保有状况,保有权,保有条件;任期e.g. They suggest therefore that greater emphasis be given to housing ~ in evaluating relative deprivation.②(大学或其他机构中教师等的)长期聘用，终身职位 e.g. It’s becoming increasingly difficult to acquire academic ~.rehabilitation n.①(病残人的)康复,更新;(罪犯的)改过迁善复职;恢复名誉,昭雪e.g. a special unit for ~ stroke patients②修复;复兴e.g. A lot of the older houses have now been ~.cyclone n.气旋;旋风,飓风,暴风e.g. international economic assistance for ~ disasterimpropriety n.不得体,不适当;不得体的举止,粗鄙的行为;不正确,不合适e.g. Accusations of ~ were made against the company’s directors.grass roots n.基层民众,平民百姓,草根阶层e.g. We are hoping for full participation at ~ level.earmark v.指定…作为特定用途e.g. 20% of the budget has already been ~ed for a new computer system.anecdotal adj.轶事的,趣闻的;多轶事的,含轶事的e.g. His findings are based on ~ evidence rather than serious research. mainstream vt.(思想或行为的)主流e.g.~ of lifeUnit 7encroach vt.①侵犯,侵占,侵害;妨碍(正常生活或活动等);e.g. This ~es on my rights as an individual.②逐渐遍布(某地区)e.g. desert ~ing upon grasslandobliterate vt.除去,涂去,擦掉;彻底破坏或毁灭e.g. It would almost seem as if Nature herself had tried to ~ the evil signs of what had occurred.coquettish adj.(女子)卖弄风情的,妖艳的,迷人的e.g. Her clothes were country-made, but perfect as regarded fit and trimness, her beflowered hat was worn with a touch of ~ grace, a trifle un-English, but very delightful.bemused adj.①困惑的，茫然的，不知所措的e.g. She was obviously ~ by his questions.②全神贯注，沉浸于e.g. He was as distant and ~ as a professor listening to the prattling of his freshmen class.hereditary adj.(生物学中）遗传的，遗传性的（尤指疾病）；世袭的，承袭的；有世袭身份（或头衔）的e.g. The same title has been bestowed on Venice, where absolute power over the great body of the people is exercised, in the most absolute manner, by a small body of ~ nobles. I was no ~ alcoholic.remit vt.免除（债务），宽恕；使某事缓和；汇付，付款；免除，赦免（债务、职责、惩罚等）e.g. When crops fail it is necessary to ~ taxation.dispensation n.分配e.g. This is a duty from which nothing can give him a ~.tarnish vt.（通常指金属）（使）失去光泽；（使）变灰暗；玷污，败坏e.g. The silver was ~ed by the long exposure to the air.Her reputation was ~ed after the affair with a married man.skeleton n.骨骼，骷髅，骨骼标本；（建筑物等的）骨架，框架；梗概，提纲，提要，轮廓；骨瘦如柴的人（或动物）；（维持运转所需的）最少人员，基干人员；钢架雪车，俯式冰橇e.g. a walking ~ (a very thin person)/The building has a steel ~.vanquish vt.<文>征服，战胜；克服，抑制e.g. Harvard ~ed Yale in the last football game.temerity n.鲁莽，冒失e.g.It was evident that he regretted the ~ that had made him the centre of interested observation.teeming adj.丰富的e.g. Nothing ever arrests its sleepless industry but the coming of a heavy fog, which clothes the ~ stream in a mantle of impenetrable stillness. deprecation n.强烈不赞成，祈免，反对e.g. “I am no judge of these things,” said Dorothea, not coldly, but with an eager ~ of the appeal to her.torso n.（人体的）躯干；（人体的）躯干雕塑像；未完成的作品e.g. The creature appeared to be a great lizard at least ten feet high, with a huge, powerful tail as long as its ~, mighty hind legs and short forelegs. tableau n. 人构成的画面或场景，绚丽的场景；活人造型（由活人扮演的静态画面等）; 舞台造型；戏剧性的场面；全景画，全景照片e.g.History is nothing more than a ~ of crimes and misfortunes.历史不过是由罪恶和灾难构成的静止舞台造型罢了。

华中师大版《研究生英语读写译教程》上Unit1-Unit6 Text A单词Unit 1amber n. 琥珀色,琥珀adj. 琥珀色的,琥珀的attire n. 服装, 盛装v. 穿衣, 打扮besiege vt. 围攻, 包围blotch n. (皮肤上的)红斑点, (墨水等)斑点vt. 标上斑点，弄脏bout n. 来回(一次)brew n. 酿造酒, 蕴酿v. 酿造, 蕴酿brood n. 窝v. 孵,沉思bulge n. 膨胀,优势,暴增vt. 使...膨胀vi. 膨胀,充满consternation n. 惊愕, 恐怖, 惊惶失措contemplation n. 注视,沉思,打算crave v. 渴望, 热望, 恳求cress n. 水芹, 水韭dainty n. 适口的食物adj. 优美的, 讲究的, 适口的damask adj. 缎子的，淡红色的n. 锦缎，大马士革钢，淡红色vt. 用花纹装饰darning n. 需织补之物decipher vt. 译解deft adj. 敏捷熟练的, 灵巧的faculty n.能力，才能；全体教职员；<英>（大学的）专科，系；特权，特许fastidious adj. 难取悦的, 挑剔的, 苛求的=particulargaudy adj. 俗丽的n. （英）盛大宴会（尤指大学年会）gaunt adj. 憔悴的, 荒凉的hectic adj. 兴奋的,持续发热的,发红的hosiery n. 袜类，针织品judicious adj. 头脑精明的,贤明的,判断正确的laborious adj. 艰苦的, 费劲的lavender n. 熏衣草，淡紫色vt. 用薰衣草薰香matinee n. 日场演出morbid adj. 病态的, 不正常的multitude n. 多数, 群众muse vi. 沉思，冥想vt. 沉思默想n. 沉思，（希腊神话）缪斯，指引方向的神，诗歌，percale n.[纺]高级密织棉布placard n. 招贴, 布告vt. 张贴布告poignant adj. 悲伤的,痛切的，严厉的, 尖锐的, 剧烈的，浓烈的porte-monnaie n.小皮夹,小钱包preposterous adj. 荒谬的, 可笑的profusion n. 丰多, 大量，浪费reconcile vt. 和解,调和,妥协vi. 调和retired adj. 退休的，退役的retrospection n.&lt;正式&gt;回顾,追忆,考虑revel vi. 狂欢作乐, 陶醉n. 作乐, 狂欢sniffle v. 鼻子哼哼做声, 抽鼻涕, 哽咽n. 鼻子哼哼做声, 冷淡的对待soothing adj. 抚慰的；使人宽心的v. 安慰；减轻痛苦（soothe的现在分词）symmetrical adj. 对称的tiara n. 冠状头饰, (罗马教皇戴的)三重冠usher n. 带位员,招待员vt. 引导, 护送vi. 做招待,担任引座员veritable adj. 真实的, 确实的, 真正的wiggle v.扭动，摆动，踌躇n.扭动，蠕动，踌躇n.奶油青豆烧鱼wizard n. 男巫, 术士, 鬼才adj. 男巫的, 巫术的abandon n. 放纵vt. 放弃,遗弃,沉溺file out vi. 陆续退出by degrees渐渐地, 逐渐地indulge in沉溺于，纵情于make out vt. 起草,说明,结论,辨别,理解vi. 进展stick to坚持Unit 2adore v. 崇拜,爱慕,喜爱celebrity n. 名人, 著名,著名人士, 名声, 名誉, 社会名流combat n. 争斗,战斗vt. 打斗vi. 战斗,与…斗争adj. 战斗的converge vi. 聚合,集中于一点vt. 使集合distinction n. 区别; 卓越; 殊荣draft n. 草稿,草图,汇票，徵兵vt. 起草,征兵,选秀adj. 酝酿中的eligible adj. 可以选的,有资格的,合格的n. 有资格者,合格者,适任者emulate vt. 效法, 尽力赶上, 仿真[计算机] 仿真endorsement n. 支持,认可,背书excel vt. 超过, 优于vi. 胜出[计算机] 软件名称ferocious adj. 残忍的, 凶猛的，极度的，十分强烈的frustrate vt. 挫败,击败,破坏adj. 无益的,挫败的,挫折的icon n. 肖像, 偶像, 象征, 图符[计算机] 图标,图符lucrative adj. 有利益的,获利的,合算的profitable adj. 有益的, 有用的mogul n. 显要人物, 权势之人n. 小雪坡opponent n. 对手, 敌手, 反对者adj. 敌对的, 反对的pitch n.场地；最高点；音高；说教vt.用沥青涂；扔，投；树起，搭起；定位于vi.抛，扔；[棒球]当投手；搭帐篷；向前跌或冲profile n.侧面，半面；外形，轮廓；[航]翼型；人物简介vt.描…的轮廓；给…画侧面图；为（某人）写传略；[机]铣出…的轮廓rekindle v. 重新点燃revere v. 尊敬, 敬畏, 崇敬里维尔(美国马萨诸塞州城市, 避暑胜地) scrutiny n. 详细审查；监视；细看；选票复查stardom n. 演员的身份,演员们statue n. 塑像,雕像status n. 地位, 身份, 情形, 状况stature n. 身材, 身高transcend v. 超越trim n. 整齐,装饰,修剪下来的部分adj. 整洁的,匀称的adv. 整齐地vt. 修除,削剪,装备,痛打,击败, 使整洁vi. 保持平衡, 见风使舵abide by v. 遵守, 服从be eligible for适合于..., 对... 合格fall apart崩溃，瓦解, 破裂, 破碎shine through(喻)表现出来starve for v.急需,渴望take over接管,接任n. 接收,接管Transform… into…把……变成……Unit 3accumulate vt. 积聚,累加,堆积vi. 累积awaken v. 唤醒, 醒来, 唤起colloquial adj. 白话的,口语的,语体的conquest n. 征服contact lens n. 隐形眼镜comic n. 连环图画,喜剧演员,喜剧元素adj. 滑稽的,有趣的,喜剧的commoner n. 平民, 自费学生, 有共用权的人corrupt adj. 腐败的,堕落的vt. 使...恶化,贿赂,使...腐烂vi. 腐烂,堕落defiant adj. 挑衅的, 目中无人diminish vt. 减少,变小, 减损vi. 变少, 逐渐变细dominant adj. 占优势的，主导的，显性的n. 主宰者egghead n. 知识分子，理论家enlargement n. 扩大, 扩建，放大的照片erroneous adj. 错误的, 不正确的expansion n. 扩大,膨胀,扩充exuberance n. 茂盛, 充沛, 丰富Germanic adj. 德国的, 条顿民族的, 条顿语的n. 日耳曼语inclined adj. 倾向于...的infinitive n. 不定式adj. 不定式的ingratiate vt. 逢迎, 讨好inhabitant n. 居民institute n. 学会,学院,协会vt. 创立,开始,制定layman n. 俗人(对僧侣而言), 门外汉microfilm n. 缩影胶片mobility n. 可动性, 变动性, 情感不定Norman n.法国诺曼第人adj.诺曼第的,诺曼第人[语]的Norseman n. 古代挪威人, 古代斯堪地那维亚人parking meter汽车停放计时器, 汽车停放收费器raid n. 袭击；突袭；搜捕；抢劫vi. 对…进行突然袭击vt. 袭击，突袭n. (Raid)人名；(阿拉伯)拉伊德riot v.&amp;n. 骚乱,闹事vi. 闹事,骚乱smog n. 烟雾stabilization n.稳定性sturdy adj. 强健的, 健全的surly adj. 不和蔼的, 板著面孔的, 粗声暴气的uneven adj. 不平坦的, 不均匀的, 奇数的variant n. 变体adj. 不同的villain n. 坏人, 恶棍be bound to conj. 必然(不得不,束缚于,必须)reduce to降至，把...简化为Unit 4 abductor n. 诱拐者, [解]外展肌allegation n. 断言,主张,辩解,暗指amnesia n. 健忘症，记忆缺失auditorium n. 礼堂，观众席bashful adj. 害羞的celibacy n. 独身(主义)，禁欲charlatan n. 冒充内行者，骗子cynical adj. 愤世嫉俗的,吹毛求疵的demolish v. 毁, 破坏, 粉碎deplorable adj. 可叹的, 悲惨的, 凄惨的dictator n. 独裁者dispatch n. 派遣；急件vt. 派遣；分派distill v. 蒸馏, 滴下，吸取，提炼edifice n. 大厦, 大建筑物exalt v. 赞扬, 提升，加强fable n. 寓言fiduciary adj. 受托的, 信托的gullible adj. 易受骗的，轻信的halo n. (日月等)晕, 神像之光环harrowing adj. 悲痛的, 难受的动词harrow的现在分词形式homoerotic adj.同性恋(爱)的infidelity n. 不信神, 无信仰, 背信intractable adj. 不听话的, 倔强的, 棘手的irreparable adj. 不能修补的, 不能挽回的laureate n. 桂冠诗人，得奖人adj. 杰出的，带桂冠的vt. 戴桂冠，授予荣誉，授予桂冠诗人的称号mafia n. 黑手党, 秘密政党marital adj. 婚姻的monochromatic adj. 单色的,一色的namaste n.(印度)合十礼pedestal n. 基架, 底座, 受人尊敬的地位vt. 加座, 搁在台上plagiarize vt. 抄袭(剽窃,借用)presumably adv. 推测上,假定上,大概rack n. (行李)架,拷问台,齿轨vt. 折磨,使痛苦,拷问vi. 顶风飞行recrimination n. 反控告, 反责discrimination n. 歧视, 辨别力, 识别secular n. 牧师,凡人adj. 世俗的,现世的,不朽的shatter n. 碎片,乱七八糟的状态vt. 打碎,破掉,散开vi. 打破,脱落skeptical adj. 怀疑的smarmy adj. 令人厌烦的, 爱说奉承话的sooth adj. 真实的柔软的,甜蜜的;抚慰的stumble n. 绊倒,失策vi. 绊倒,失策,踌躇,无意中发现vt. 绊倒,困惑swashbuckling adj. 恃强凌弱的，虚张声势的动词swashbuckle的现在分词形式warp n. 弯,歪曲,乖僻vt. 弄歪,翘曲akin to vt. 类似(近于, 的同族)go astray迷路，误入歧途seize upon抓住,利用subscribe to订阅, 同意, 支持, 捐赠Unit 5advertising n. 广告业,广告adj. 广告的ambiguity n. 不明确,含糊,暧昧,模棱两可approximately adv.近似地,大约ascribe v. 归因于, 归咎于billboard n. 布告板,揭示栏,广告牌brash adj. 性急的, 仓促的, 无礼的n. 胃灼热, 骤雨, 碎片coincide v. 与...一致,符合,暗合commercial adj. 商业的n. 商业广告contingent adj. 或许会或不会发生的,附随的,暂时的n. 偶然的事情,份儿,分遣队disrupt adj. 分裂的,分散的v. 使...分裂,使...瓦解document n. 文件,公文vt. 记载,用文件等证明[计算机] 文档elevated adj. 抬高的，高尚的，升高的动词elevate的过去式和过去分词ethos n. 民族精神，道德风貌，思潮信仰feature n. 特征, 容貌vt. 以...为特色vi. 起重要作用gradient n. 倾斜度,坡度,升降率adj. 倾斜的,步行的,步行态的identical adj. 相同的,同一的intimidate vt. 威胁,恐吓,胁迫savvy v.知道，了解n.机智；头脑；理解；悟性adj.有见识的，懂实际知识的，通情达理的mill n. 磨粉机, 磨坊, 制造厂, 密尔:一种货币单位, 使陷于困境vt. 磨细vi. 乱转, 磨细overt adj. 公开的, 明显的, 公然的pedestrian adj. 徒步的,缺乏想像的n. 行人prominent adj. 杰出的,显著的,突出的pun n. 双关语vt. 说双关语respondent n.回答者；[法]（特指离婚诉讼的）被告；[生]反应，反射adj.应答的；有反应的；[法]被告的critique n. 批评,批评法,评论effacement n.抹消,抹杀self-effacement n. 不出风头, 谦逊status quo n. 现状strand n.（绳子的）股，绞；海滨，河岸；（思想等的）一个组成部分vt.使滞留，使搁浅；使陷于困境vi.搁浅；陷入困境surpass vt. 超越,凌驾,胜过sway n. 摇摆,动摇,影响力,支配vt. 使摇摆,使动摇,影响或控制vi. 摇摆,支配,动摇swoosh v. 发出嗖的一声，喷涌，旋动n. 嗖的一声synonymous adj. 同义的tactics n.战术,策略thought-provoking adj. 令人深思的, 发人深省的via prep. 经由account for对……负有责任；对……做出解释；说明……的原因；导致；（比例）占coincide with符合，与... 一致cutting edge尖端，前沿(刀片的)刃口，剪刃，切削刃drift n. 漂移,漂流物,观望,漂流,吹积物,趋势vi. 漂移,漂流,吹积vt. 使漂流,把...吹积in the case of adj. 万一(就...来说,至于)mount on登上play down降低，贬低, 减弱，淡化reflect on考虑，反思Unit 6 adversary n. 敌手, 对手alliance n. 结盟,联盟,联姻Alliance [地理名词] ally n. 盟友,同盟国vt. &vi. 联盟,联合，同盟anew adv. 重新, 再assembly n. 集合, 集会, 装配asunder adj. 分开地,零散地adv. 分离,化为碎片beachhead n.滩头阵地,立足点bear n. 熊v. 忍受,负荷v. 结果实,生子女belabor vt. 痛击，痛斥，冗长地解释bond n. 债券；结合；约定；粘合剂vi. 结合，团结在一起vt. 使结合；以…作保civility n. 礼貌, 端庄commit v. 委托(托付), 犯罪, 作...事, 承诺[计算机] 委托convert v. 使转变, 使...改变信仰, 倒置n. 皈依者, 改宗者conscience n. 良心, 责任心, 顾忌embattled adj. 被敌人围困的，严阵以待的动词embattle的过去式和过去分词形式endeavor n. 努力, 尽力, 进取心vt. 努力,尽力vi. 企图, 谋求engulf v. 吞没eradicate v. 根除, 扑减, 根绝foe n. 敌人,仇敌,反对物,有害物forebear n. 祖先, 祖宗=forbearforge n. 熔炉, 铁工厂vt. 锻造, 想出, 伪造, 构建vi. 稳步(高速)前进, 制假formulate vt. 规划；用公式表示；明确地表达forum n. 论坛, 讨论会heir n. 继承人hemisphere n. 半球heritage n. 遗产, 继承物humanity n. 人类人性;人道;慈爱inaugural adj. 就职典礼的,创始的n. 就职演说,就职典礼invective n. 恶言漫骂,臭骂adj. 漫骂的,非难的,恶言的invoke vt. 求助,用咒语召唤,请求,应用,引起[计算机] 调用misery n. 痛苦,悲惨的境遇,苦难oath n. 誓言,誓约,咒骂语odds n. 让步,机率,可能性,比率,胜败优劣之别outpace vt. 超过... 速度, 赶过pledge n. 保证,誓言,抵押,抵押品vt. 保证,誓言,举杯祝...健康prey n. 被掠食者,牺牲者vi. 捕食,掠夺,使...苦恼renewal n. 更新, 革新, 复兴, 复活shield n. 盾,防卫物,盾状物vt. 保护,遮蔽shrink n. 收缩,萎缩vi. 收缩,退缩,萎缩vt. 使收缩signify v. 象徵, 预示sincerity n. 诚实, 真实, 诚心诚意split n. 劈开, 裂片, 裂口adj. 分散的v. 分离, 分开, 劈开sovereign n. 元首,金镑adj. 具有主权的,至高无上的,极好的,完全的stay n. 停留,停止;依靠,忍耐力;撑条vt. 等待,坚持到底vi. 保持,停留,留宿subversion n. 颠覆, 破坏summon vt. 召唤,召集,振奋swear n. 发誓, 誓言vt. &vi. 发誓, 宣誓, 咒骂temper n. 脾气；（钢等）回火；性情；倾向vt. 使回火；锻炼；调和；使缓和vi. 回火；调和testimony n. 证言,证据tribulation n. 苦难, 灾难twilight n. 黄昏,微光,略知v. 使微明tyranny n. 暴政，苛政，专制undo v. 解开，松开，取消unleash v. 解开...的皮带, 解除...的束缚, 解放writ n. 令状,文书,文件a host of大量，许多, 一大群ask of要求，期望at issue在争论(在争论中)at odds争吵，不和, 不一致commit to把... 托付给, 把... 置于end up结束,告终year in and yearout一年一年地, 年复一年。

研究生英语词汇表A1、Aberration n.失常events that were aberrations from the norm.不合常规的事件a mental aberration精神失常stealing chocolate in a moment of aberration一时糊涂偷了巧克力2、allure v.吸引Promises of quick profits allure the unwary investor.能很快收得到利润的承诺吸引了心存侥幸的投资者charms that still allure.仍然有吸引力的魅力allure sb. from诱使(某人)离开...allure (sb.) into [to]把(某人)诱入, 骗进They allured her into a snare.他们诱她落入圈套。

3、amity n.友好, 亲善关系He lives in amity with his neighbours.他和他的邻居相处得很和睦。

They parted in amity.他们很友好地分别了。

4、analogous adj.类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的This proposal was analogous to/with the one we discussed at the last meeting.这项提案与上次会议上我们讨论过的那份提案相似。

5、anomaly n.不规则, 异常的人或物“NASA's system for tracking anomalies for flight readiness reviews failed”(Presidential Commission Report on the Challenger Disaster)“在飞行准备阅兵式中，美国航空及太空总署的异常情况追踪系统失败了”(关于挑战者灾难的总统委员会报告)“Both men are anomalies: they have . . . likable personalities but each has made his reputation as a heavy”(David Pauly)“两个人都很特别：他们有…相似的个性但每个人都有他自己的性格”(戴维·保利)the anomaly of English spelling英语拼法的不规则6、angular adj.有角的an angular face.瘦削的脸庞an angular gait.笨拙的步法“the cold, angular brand of materialism”(David K. Willis)“唯物主义冷淡而刻板的标记”(戴维K.威利斯)7、apathy n.缺乏感情或兴趣, 冷漠He has an apathy to food.他不思饮食。

Wage n.工资；vt.发动Wagon n.四轮马车，货车；v.用运货马车运输货物Waist n.腰部，腰，衣服的上身部分，背心Wallet n.皮夹，钱夹，钓鱼带Wander vi.漫步，徘徊，迷路，迷失方向，离题Warehouse n.仓库，货栈，大商店；vt.贮入仓库，<俚>[经]以他人名义购进（股票）Warfare n.战争，作战，冲突，竞争Warm adj.暖和的，暖的，色情的，激烈的，热烈的，多情的，兴奋的；adv.（常用以构成复合词）暖和地；vt.使温暖，弄热，使兴奋，使热烈；vi.变暖和，变温暖，激动，同情，爱好；n.暖，保暖物Warmth n.暖和，温暖，热心，热情Warrant n.授权，正当理由，根据，证明，凭证，委任状，批准，许可证；vt.保证，辩解，担保，批准，使有正当理由Waste n.废物，浪费，损耗，消耗，地面风化物，垃圾，荒地；adj.废弃的，荒芜的，多余的；vt.浪费，使荒芜；vi.被浪费，挥霍钱财，变消瘦Watchful adj.警惕的，注意的，警戒的Watery adj.水的，似水的，潮湿的，平淡的，稀薄的，松软的，水淋淋的，有雨意的Wave n.波，波浪，（挥手）示意，致意；vi.（挥手）示意，致意，波动，飘动，动摇Wax n.蜡，蜡状物，增加，月亮由亏转盈；vi.变大，增大，月亮渐满；vt.上蜡于Way n.路，路线，路途，习惯，行业，规模，道路，情形；adj.中途，途中的；adv.远远地，大大地，非常Weary adj.疲倦的，厌倦的，令人厌烦的，疲劳；v.疲倦，厌倦，厌烦Weather n.天气，气候，气象，处境；adj.迎风的，露天的；vt.使受风吹雨打，侵蚀，使风化，经受住；vi.风化，受侵蚀，经受风雨Weaver n.织布者，织工Wedge n.楔；vt.楔入，楔进Wednesday n.星期三Weed n.野草，杂草；v.除草，铲除Weigh vt.称…重量，称；vi.重（若干）Weight n.重力，重量，分量，砝码，重要（性），势力，负担，重累Welfare n.福利，安宁，幸福，福利事业，社会安全；adj.福利的Well-to-do adj.小康的，富裕的Wheat n.小麦，小麦色，淡黄色，朴实的人Whereas conj.然而，反之，鉴于，尽管，但是Whip n.鞭子，车夫；v.鞭打，抽打，突然移动Whirl v.（使）旋转，急动，急走；n.旋转，一连串的快速的活动Whiskey/Whisky n.威士忌酒；adj.威士忌酒的Whistle n.口哨，汽笛，口哨声，汽笛声；v.吹口哨，鸣汽笛White n.白色，蛋白，白种人；adj.白色的，白种人的Whitewash n.石灰水，白色涂料，白粉胶泥水，涂脂抹粉；vt.用石灰水把…刷白Wholesome adj.卫生的，有益的，健康的，有益健康的Wholly adv.整个，统统，全部，专门地Wicked adj.坏的，邪恶的，缺德的，不道德的，恶劣的，刻薄的，淘气的Wide adj.宽的，广阔的，张大的，远离目标的；adv.广阔地，广大地，远离目标地Width n.宽度，宽广，广博，有一定宽度的东西（如一块布料等）Wind n.风；v.绕，缠，上发条，旋紧Winding n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈Wire n.金属丝，电线，电报，电信，铁丝网；vt.用金属丝卷起，拍电报；vi.打电报;adj.金属丝制的Wireless adj.无线的Wise adj.英明的，明智的，慎虑的，聪明的，博学的，明白的，贤明的，狡猾的；vi.知道；vt.告诉，劝导；n.方法，方式Wit n.智力，才智，智慧Withdraw vt.收回，撤消；vi.缩回，退出；v.撤退Withhold vt.使停止，据给，保留，抑制；vi.忍住Within n.内部，里头；adv.在内部，在内心里；prep.在…之内，不越出；adj.里面的，内部的Witty adj.富于机智的，诙谐的Wolf n.狼，残忍贪婪之人，极度的穷困；vt.狼吞虎咽，大吃；vi.猎狼Wool n.羊毛，毛织品，毛线，绒线，毛料衣物Woolen n.毛织品；adj.羊毛制的Worm n.虫，蠕虫，蚯蚓，蜗杆，螺纹，小人物；vi.蠕行，慢慢前进；vt.使蠕行，慢慢地走，给（烟草作物）除虫Worship n.崇拜，礼拜，尊敬；vi.敬神，拜神；vt.崇拜，尊敬Worthwhile adj.值得做的，值得出力的Worthy n.杰出人物，知名人士；adj.有价值的，应…的，可敬的，值得的，相称的Wrap n.外套，围巾，包裹，秘密，约束，限制；vt.包装，卷，缠绕，包，覆盖，裹，遮蔽，隐藏；vi.缠绕，重叠，穿外衣，包起来Wreath n.花圈，花冠，圈状物Wreck n.失事船（或飞机），残骸，（船，飞机的）失事；vt.破坏，拆毁Wrench n.扳钳，扳手，猛扭，痛苦，扭伤，歪曲；vt.猛扭，使扭伤，曲解，抢，折磨；vi.猛扭，绞痛Wrinkle n.皱纹；v.使皱Wrist n.手腕，腕关节X-ray X 光，X 射线Xerox 施乐复印机（商标名称）Yard 院子，码Yawn 打呵欠，张开，裂开；呵欠Yeast 酵母，发酵粉Yell 大叫，忍不住笑，呼喊；叫着说；叫声，喊声Yet 仍，至今，益发，更；然而，但是Yield 出产，生长，产生；（~ to）屈服，屈从；产量，收益Young 年轻的，年纪小的，没有经验的，尚早的，初期的；（动物的）崽儿，仔Youth 青春，青年时期，初期，少年，青年们Youthful 年轻的，青年的Zeal 热心，热情，热诚Zealous 热心的Zinc 锌；涂锌于Zone 地域，地带，地区，环带，圈；环绕，使分成地带；分成区。

UNIT1adversity 逆境，不幸，厄运aftermath 后果，余殃，余波alleyway 小巷，胡同altruism 利他主义，无私anodyne 不冒犯他人的，四平八稳的aspire 追求，渴望，有志于bliss 快乐，无上幸福，福佑，至福bona fide 真正的，真实的，真诚的bromide 没有效果的话dazed 茫然的，迷乱的，恍惚的encompass 覆盖，围住excruciating 剧烈疼痛的gratifying 令人高兴的，使人满足的hallucinate 产生幻觉harrowing 折磨人的，可怕的，令人痛苦的ineffable 好得不可言喻legacy 遗留下来的状况mind-blowing 令人极度兴奋的neurological 神经的nostalgia 怀旧情绪ordeal 可怕的经历，痛苦的折磨paramount 至高无上的，最重要的province 范围，领域，职责范围preoccupied 全神贯注的，入神的refrain 一再重复的话rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎shrivel 皱缩，干枯，干瘪steroid 类固醇tranquil 平静的，宁静的，安谧的trauma 痛苦的经历traumatic 痛苦难忘的tribulation 苦难，艰苦ultramarathoner 马拉松运动员vomit 呕吐，呕出，吐出wimp 懦弱无用的人on the rocks 困难重重，濒临失败cancel out 抵消come to terms with 妥协，接受for the better 好转in line with 与…一致（符合）in the wake of 紧随…而来，作为…的后果keep…in check 控制某人（物）UNIT3abstruse 深奥的，高深的asylum 精神病院auditorium 听众席，观众席bookish 嗜书的，好读书的cerebral 要运用智力的，诉诸理性的chambermaid 女服务员contrivance 发明物，新装置dagger 匕首，短剑disintegrate 粉碎，崩裂，分崩离析double-decker 双层公共巴士eavesdrop 偷听fetching 动人的，迷人的，吸引人的flummox 使彻底不知所措fretful 烦躁的，发牢骚的gargle 漱口glottal stop 喉塞音hallucinogenic 引起幻觉的，致幻的itinerary 旅行计划，预订旅程law-abiding 守法的，安分守己的lemming 旅鼠lunatic asylum 精神病院，疯人院materialistic 实利主义的，物质主义的unmaterialistic 非物质主义的passionate 情欲强烈的，多情的pickax 鎬，鹰嘴锄pictogram 象形文字porcupine 豪猪，箭猪pore 仔细阅读，凝视，注视quell 减轻，消除（忧虑）relentless 严厉的，无情的，坚决的reverence 尊敬，崇敬rodent 啮齿动物rudimentary 基本的，初步的，粗浅的sleek 平直光滑的，有健康关泽的thicket 灌木丛，小树丛usherette 女引座员，女服务员windmill 风车，风力磨坊get the hang of sth. 学会做或使用let sb. in on sth. 让某人知道并严守out of this world 好的不得了pore over 仔细阅读，凝视，注视work a treat 运行极好word gets around 消息流传UNIT4anecdote 趣闻，轶事auditory 听觉的boon 恩物，有用之物circuitry 电路系统conduit 渠道，通道consortium 财团，联合企业curtail 缩减，消减，减少decoder 解码器disengaged 自由的，未约束的，空闲的duly 适当地，恰当地etch 凿刻fidgety 烦躁的，坐立不安的footnote 脚注godsend 天赐之物，及时雨hyperlink 超链接ideogram 表意文字，表意符号longish 略长的，相当长的neural 神经的，神经系统的pithy 精辟的remap 重新绘制，重新筹划staccato 断断续续的，不连贯的telltale 暴露真相的terse （回答）简短的thicket 灌木丛，小树丛thread 思路，头绪，贯穿的主线tinker 修理，修补，摆弄voracious 贪吃的，食量大的wayward 倔强的，任性的，反复无常的as likely as not 很可能be/get caught up in sth. 陷入bring on 引起，招来，惹来chip away at 削弱，破坏elaborate on 详细说明，阐述immerse oneself in 潜心于，专心于liken…to…把…比作not to mention 更不必说scuba diver 潜水员sea change 巨变take to 喜欢上…，对…好感zip through/past/along 飞速地做某事UNIT9affective 感情的，情感的anecdotal 轶事的，趣闻的arousal 唤起，激起beset 困扰，使烦恼disinterest 无兴趣fester 加剧，恶化irritant 使人烦躁的事情mentality 心态obituary 讣告，讣闻outpouring 强烈感情的不断流露peripheral 次要的，非主要的populist 平民主义的sermon 布道，讲道syndicate 通过报业联合组织安排出售给多家报刊发表gene pool 基因库seek to 寻求，追求sort out 分类整理，把…弄整齐UNIT10audible 声音听得见的auspicious 很可能成功的，吉利的，吉祥的bulky 庞大的，宽大的circumscribe 约束，限制comport 行动，表现comportment 举止，行为cosmopolitan 见识广的，兼并包容的delineate 描写描绘，刻画demographic 人口数据统计detergent 洗涤剂discretionary 自由决定的，不受严格规定控制的distaste 不喜欢，反感franchise 特许经营权garish 过于艳丽的generality 普遍性，共同性ingrained 根深蒂固的，难以改变的jolly 欢乐的，愉快的miniscule 很小的nuance 细微差别pretest 预先测试self-effacing 避免引人注目的，不爱抛头露面的subtlety 微妙的思想，细微之处supplant 取代，代替，将…排挤掉tadpole 蝌蚪unpalatable 难吃的，不可口的be flooded with充满，使泛滥be subjected to 使经受，使遭受beware of 谨防，当心，注意in advance of 预先，提前pin down 清楚地知道，确定地描述run into 遇到困难/难题/债务等trade in 做买卖，进行贸易，从事交易。

英语考研单词表1. accommodate：容纳，适应2. adhere：坚持，遵循3. advocate：提倡，鼓吹4. arbitrary：任意的，随意的5. avenge：报复，为…复仇6. budget：预算，财政安排7. captive：被俘虏的，被束缚的8. challenge：挑战，质疑9.defaultValue：默认值，预置值10.deposit：存款，押金11.deputy：代表，副手12.discrete：离散的，不连续的13.eliminate：消除，排除14.exempt：免除，豁免15.expose：暴露，揭露16.finite：有限的，有穷的17.frustrate：挫败，使沮丧ern：统治，控制19.harmony：和谐，协调20.justify：证明…是正当的，为…辩解21.liable：有责任的，有义务的22.manifest：明显的，显然的23.mediate：调解，调停24.modify：修改，修饰25.multiple：多样的，多重的26.obtain：获得，得到27.parallel：平行的，相似的28.pessimistic：悲观的，厌世的29.preclude：排除，阻止30.presume：假定，推测31.proceeding：程序，进程32.qualify：使具有资格，使合格33.random：随机的，任意的34.rarely：很少地，稀少地35.reliance：信赖，依靠36.relieve：缓解，减轻37.rely：依赖，信任38.reveal：揭示，显示39.severe：严重的，严厉的40.suspect：怀疑，猜想。

名词解释1.E-Commerce: EC is the process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products,services, and information via computer networks, including the Internet.2.E-Business: E-business refers to a broader definition of EC, not just the buying and sellingof goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, conducting e-learning, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization.E-business is the use of the Internet and other information technologies to support commerce and improve business performance.3.Authentication: Authentication means that a trusted authority can prove that you are whoyou say you are.4.Digital Certificates: A digital certificate is an electronic file that uniquely identifiesindividuals and Web sites on the Internet and enables secure, confidential communications.They serve as a sort of a digital passport or credential.5.Customer Relationship Management(CRM):CRM focuses on the provision andmaintenance of quality services for customers, Effective CRM involves communicating with customers and delivering products, services, information and solutions in response to their problems, wants and needs.6.Supply Chain:Supply chain refers to the flow of materials, information, payments andservices from raw materials suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end customers. A supply chain also includes the organizations and processes that create and deliver products, information, and services to the end customers.7.Supply Chain Management: The function of supply chain management(SCM) is to plan,organize, and coordinate all of the supply chain’s activities. Today, the concept of SCM refers to a total systems approach to managing the entire supply chain. SCM is usually supported by information technology.8.Encryption: Encryption is the process of transforming information so it is unintelligible toanyone but the intended recipient.[forms the basis of data integrity and privacy necessary for e-commerce.]9.Decryption: Decryption is the process of transforming encrypted information so that it isintelligible again.10.Digital Signature:Instead of encrypting the data itself, the signing software creates aone-way hash of the data, then uses your private key to encrypt the hash. The encrypted hash, along with other information, such as the hashing algorithm, is known as a digital signature.11.Certificate Authority(CA): CAs are entities that validate identities and issue certificates.12.M-Business:M-business, or mobile business, defined as e-business enabled by wirelesscommunications, is one of the newest frontiers in electronic communications.13.E-Business Models1)Storefront Model: The storefront model enables merchants to sell their products onlineby providing a combination of transaction processing, security, online payment and information storage. It’s a basic form of e-commerce in which buyers and sellers interact directly.2)Auction Model: Auction sites act as forums through which Internet users can assume therole of either seller of bidder.3)Portal Model: Portal sites offer visitors the chance to find almost anything they arelooking for in one place.a)Horizontal portals (search engines): portals that aggregate information on a broadrange of topics.b)Vertical portals: portals that offer a great deal of information pertaining to a singlearea of interest.4)Bartering Model: The offering of one item in exchange for another.Unit 1 what is electronic commerceE-commerce framework : information infrastructure support services applicationsFive pillars: people ; public policy ; marketing and advertisement ; support services ; business partnershipClassification of electronic commerce:B2B ; B2C ;C2B; C2C ; P2P ; Mobile commerce ; Intra-Business EC ; business-to-employees ; collaborative commerce ; nonbusiness EC ; E-learning ; exchange-to-exchange; E-GovernmentUnit 2 how E-Commerce worksCommerce : the exchange of goods and services , usually for money.Roles : buyers ; sellers ; producers ;Elements to conduct e-commerce :A product ; a place to sell the product (web sites) ;a way to accept orders--normally an on-line form of some sort.A way to accept money--normally a merchant accountA fulfillment facility to ship products to customersA way to accept returnsA way to handle warranty claims if necessaryA way to provide customer serviceThe lure of E-Commerce:Lower transaction costs ; larger purchases per transactions ; integration into the business cycle ; people can shop in different ways ; larger catalogs ; improved customer interactionBuilding an E-Commerce Site: suppliers (供应商) ；your price point ; customer relations ; the back end : fulfillment , returns , customer serviceUnite 5 how to create an e-commerce web siteEstablish your online identity with the right web address:Make it memorable ;describe your business ;keep it short;Build a user-friendly site :plan your site;choose the right site-building tools(网页设计49);Set up your web server--or select an ISP to host your siteMinimize the risks of E-commerce: risk(spoofing, unauthorized disclosure 未授权的信息泄露，unauthorized action ,data alteration ;解决方法：encryption ,authentication ,digital certificates)Accept and manage all kind of payments :Test ,test test :take time to review and test your site thoroughly before going live.Test its usability;good customer support ; minimum response times ;standard for replying to customer questions and concernsPromote your site: register your site with search engines ; put your domain name everywhere ; advertise ;purchase keywords ;NUNIT 6 E-MarketingBrand 品牌建设：name、logo、symbol（brand should be unique , recognizable and easy to remember.）Marketing research ：focus groups ; interviews ;paper and telephone surveys; questionnaires and secondary research ；the demographics of internet 网络人口统计E-mail marketing ：opt-in e-mailPromotions :frequent-flyer miles ,point-based rewards ;discounts, sweepstakes , free trials, free shopping and e-coupons are all examples of promotions.Consumer tracking: Keeping user profiles, recording visits and analyzing promotional and advertising resultsElectronic advertising : It is conducted through such media as television, movies, newspaper and magazines, as well as online and wireless channels.(banner advertisements ; pop-up ads ; search engine “pay-for-performance”advertising; purchase keywords)Search engines : A search engines is a program that scans Web sites for desired content, listing relevant sites on the basis of keywords or other search-engine ranking criteria.Affiliate programs(联盟计划)：Affiliates post links on each other’s sites in exchange for referral fees , which usually consist of a percentage of each sale or a fixed fee for click-throughs that result in sales.Public relations : provides customer and employees with the latest information about products, services and such issues as company promotions and consumer reactions.through press release, speeches ,special events ,presentations and e-mail.Crisis management :when a company is doing poorly,it will often issue information regarding the causes and announce what steeps will be implemented to remedy the problem.Customer relationship management :It involves communicating with customers and delivering products, services ,information and solutions in response to their problems, wants and needs .UNIT 7 E-Business modelsStorefront model :To conduct storefront e-commerce ,merchants must organize online product catalogs , take orders through their web sites ,accept payments securely ,send merchandise to customers and manage customer data.Shopping-cart technology : This technology allows customers to accumulate items they with to buy as they brows an e-business Web site.Auction mode l: Sellers can post items they wish to sell ,the minimum prices they require to sell the item and deadlines to close the auction. Bidders may search the items they are seeking ,view the current bidding activity and place bids.Reverse-auction model : :this model allows buyers to set prices that sellers compete to match,or even beat.Portal model(门户模式)：Portal sites offer visitors the chance to find almost anything they are looking for in one place.Horizontal portals: such as search engines. They aggregate information on a board range of topics.Vertical portals : It offers a great deal of information pertaining to a single area of interest.Name-your-price model(客户定价模式)：It empowers customers by allowing them to state the price they are willing to pay for products or services. The online business passes each customer’s price request to an appropriate industry partner, who decides whether to sell the product or service to the customer at the state price.Comparison-pricing model: They allow customers to poll various merchants in search of the lowest price for a desired product or service.Bartering model(实物交换)：the offering of one item in exchange for another.Unit 12 online paymentsCredit-card payment : a merchant must have a merchant account with a bankDigital cash and E-wallets : Digital cash is stored electronically and can be used to make online electronic payments. Consumers deposit money into digital cash accounts for use in digital transactions. E-wallets keep track of billing and shipping information so that it can be entered with one-click at participating merchants’ sites.Micropayments :Micropayments enable ways for nominally priced products and services to besold profitably over the web.Smart cards : it has many functions, from authentication to data storage. 接触型（contact）和非接触型。

f；，Unit One（be） fraught with：充满suiniblmg block：绊脚石，障碍物cement： n.水泥、接合剂：v.接合，用水泥涂facade： n.建筑物的正面ritual：仪式，典礼，宗教仪式，固定程序a.仪式的，依仪式而行的，老规矩的，惯常的etlmocentric：种族［民族］中心主义的，种族［民族，集团］优越感的luU： n.暫停，间歇，稍息v.平息，使...平静，哄tenacity： n.固执，不屈不挠，顽固connotation： n.禽义inflection： n.屈曲，变调，音调变化refreshment：11.点心，提神Z事物，精神爽快spatial： a.空间的preconception： n.预想（先入之见，偏见）stereotype： n.铅版，陈腔滥调，老套v.使用铅版，套用老套inscrutable : a.难以了解的，不能测的'preferential： a.先取的，优先的,选择的prone: a.俯卧的，易于...的，何…倾向的ambiguity： n.不明确，含糊，暧昧，模棱两可tniisni： n.自明之理,老套的，众所周知deterrent： a.制止，防止，挽留n.挽留的事物, 妨碍物aiousal： n.激励，鼓励deplete： v.耗尽,使…空竭recuperation： n.复原，恢复：恢复健康和力气.penneate： v.弥漫，渗透，普及pioxenuc: a.［社］空间关系学的scrutiny： n.研究（推敲）dyad =chad： n.二数,一对，二元一位screen out： v.筛选出cucumvent： v.绕行，陷書detaclmient： n.分离，分遣，分遣队二"Unit Threeintegration： n.整合，集成analogy： n.相似，类似therapy： n.疗法，治疗smoothie: n.善T'讨好女人的男子，举止优雅的人casserole： n.餐桌上用有盖的培盘,砂锅菜fluid： a.流体的，流动的n.流体，液体uiadvertently： ad.不注意地duress： 11.强迫，监禁sabotage： D•怠工，破坏活动，破坏v.从事破坏活动，妨害，破坏culmarv： a.厨房的，烹调的delectable： a.快乐的，可喜的、愉快的backfue： v.产生事与愿违的后果vi.（指内燃机等）逆火，回火，适得其反cardinal： n.枢机主教,鲜红色a.主要的，深红色的standoffish： a.有点不友好的，冷淡的endearment： n.亲爱，钟爱mtrusion： n•闯入，侵扰sibling： n.兄弟姐妹pester： v.使烦恼，使苦恼whme： n.抱怨，牢骡v.哭诉•发牢骚sobermg： a.使清醒的,使冷静的steer： v.引导，驾驶，航行Unit Fourwarrant： n.正当理由，根据，委任状v.保证, 辩解•担保symptomatic： a. JI冇征候的，征候的,根据征候的distortion： n.扭曲，变形，曲解retaid： n.阻止，迟延v.妨碍，迟延，迟缓uifiasuucture： n.卜部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施thwart： a.横~^反对，阻碍ad.横过optumzc： v.使・・.完美，乐观，使•・・完善v.优化portfolio： n.文件夹，证券投资组合aggregate：n.合计，总计，集合体a.合计的, 集合的，聚合的v.聚集，集合，合计vestige： n.遗迹，退化的器官’ constramt：约束，强制，约束条件：［计算机］限制，对感情的压抑ration： n.定额，定配给subsidy： n.补助金，津贴externality： n.外表（外在性,外部的爭物）subsidize： v.给与补助金，给与奖助金，贿赂entail： v.使必需，使蒙受unleash： v.解开…的皮帯，解除…的束缚，解放revenue： n.财政收入，税收disparity： n.不一致bid up：竞出高价perpetuate： v.使永存，使不朽offset： n.抵销，支派，平版印刷V.弥补,抵销, 用平版印刷：［计算机］偏移equity： n.权益，产权，股本；证券n.公平, 公正unpropnety： n.不适当（不确，用词错误）glass roots： n.草根（基础）earmark： n.耳上记号，特黴,记号v.在耳朵做记号，弄上记号，充作anecdotal： a.逸话的，多逸事趣闻的,轶事样quadmple： ad.&a.四倍的（地）n.（使）乘四倍的v.（使）成四倍asset： n.资产，有用的东西，优点，长处匸"Unit Fivesynergy： n.增效作用，协同作用alleviation：n.减轻，缓和，解痛物afforestation： n.造林pe⑹：彼得（人名）v.慢慢消失，耗尽undervalue： v.低估...Z价值，低估，看轻uilieritaiice： n.遗传，遗产collateral： a.并行的，附随的,旁系的n.支亲, 副保，附属担保物migiation： 11.移民，移往，移动hygiene： n.卫生caloric： n.热a.热的,热量的，卡路里的waterborne: a.水生的（水传播的，位于水中的）prolapse： vi.下垂,脱垂m ［医］下垂,脱垂uterus： n.子宫uimary： a.泌尿的，尿的scliistosoiniasis： n.住血吸虫病mfest： v.骊扰,群居于，大批出没cholera： n.［医］霍乱intestinal： a.肠的parasite： n.寄生虫，仗客toxin： n.毒素，毒质dioxin： n.［化］:氧（朵）乜iiicmeiatiou： n.烧成灰，焚化，灰化vector：n.向量，矢量，带菌者v.无线电诱导exacerbate:vt.加重（使…恶化,激怒）fetus： n.胎，胎儿stillbirth： 11.死产intrauterine： a.子宫内的retardation： n.智力迟钝、精神发育迟缓confound： v.使混淆，使狼狈cassava：D.木薯tenure： n.享有，保有时间rehabilitation：n.复原cyclone： n.旋风，飓风mainstream： n.主流Unit Sevenencroach： v.侵占，蚕食vi.侵占，侵犯，侵害vt.侵犯obliterate： v.涂去，擦去，删除coquettish： a.娜筝姿的，妖艳的、迷人的bemused： a.困惑的，发呆的heieditaiy： a.世袭的，遗传的remit： v.免除，汇出，缓和dispensation： n.分配，施与tarnish： n.晦暗，生锈，污点v.使生锈，沾污skcleron： n.（建筑物、计划的）T1•架，纲要，柠骼vanquish： v.打败，征服,克服tementy： 11.卤莽，蛮勇teeming： a. 丰富的deprecation： n.强烈不赞成，反对，祈免torso： n.躯干（残缺的东西）tableau： 11.画面,活人画（舞台上活人扮的静态画面）condolence： n.引，哀悼，引辞fall out （with ）：vt.争吵（发生，解散，掉队、结果）：对某人不客气impervious： a.不能渗透的，不为所动的divulge：v.池露，暴露vinilent： a.有毒的、有恶意的•充满敌意的fall away： vt.疏失（抛弃，消失）peiveise： a.乖张的，倔强的,错误的sibilant： a.发鱼啦声的niacabre： a.恐怖的，令人毛骨悚然的，以死亡为主题的valance： n.短帷幕grimace： n.面部的歪扭，鬼脸，痛苦的表情v. 扮鬼脸，作苦相indentation： n.亥！I痕（E卩压，缩进，曲折岸）。

0研究生必备词汇表a bolish废除abrupt突然的，生硬的absurd荒谬的，可笑的abundance丰富abuse滥用accelerate加速access通道入门accessory附件accompany陪伴accumulate积聚堆积acknowledge承认acquisition获得获得物acute敏锐的adhere 粘附,胶着adjacent邻近的,adjoin邻接, 毗连adolescent青春期的adverse不利的, 敌对的advocate提倡者, 鼓吹者aerial n.天线aesthetic美学的, 审美的affiliate(使...)加入, 接受为会员affirm断言, 确认, 肯定aggravate使恶化, 加重agitate搅动, 摇动, 煽动, 激动agony苦恼, 极大的痛苦alert警惕, 警报allege宣称alleviate易于忍受减轻allocate分派allowance津贴补助允许alloy合金alter改变alternate交替的alternative二中选一altitude 高度aluminum铝amateur业余爱好者ambassador大使ambiguous暧昧不明确的ambulance救护车ample充足的丰富的amplify放大analogy模拟anniversary周年纪念annual n.一年生植物, 年刊, 年鉴anonymous匿名的anticipate预期期望apparatus器械, 设备, 仪器appeal请求, 呼吁, 上诉,appendix附录, 附属品,appetite食欲,胃口, 欲望, 爱好applaud拍手喝彩, 称赞, 赞同appliance用具, 器具appraisal 评价apprehension理解approximately近似的arbitrary 任意的独裁的architect建筑师arctic北极arithmetic算术算法arouse 唤醒鼓励arrayarticulate有关节的artificial人造的ascertain 确定assault 攻击assemble 集合assert断言, 声称assign分配, 指派assimilate吸收associate联系assume设想assurance保证astonish 使惊讶attain达到获得attendant服务员attorney律师attribute品质特征augment增加增大authority 权威auxiliary辅助的补助的avail 有益于avenueavert 转移aviation飞行awardawfulawkward难使用的axis轴bachelor单身汉文理学士bacon 咸肉bacterium 细菌badge 徽章badminton羽毛球bakery面包店bald光秃的, 单调的,balloonban禁令bandage绷带bankruptcy破产barber理发师bargain 合同barn谷仓barrel桶barrier障碍物,栅栏, 屏障baseballbasement地下室, 墙脚batterybay海湾, 狗吠声, 绝路bean豆豆行果实beforehand 预先belt 带子beneficial有益的betray出卖, 背叛beware小心, 谨防bewilder使迷惑,使不知所措, bias偏见, 偏爱, 斜线bibliography参考书目bid出价, 投标, 祝愿billion.十亿(的)bind绑, 镶边, 装订, biography传记biscuit饼干, 小点心bite咬, 咬伤, 一口, 刺痛blank空白的, 空着的blast爆炸, 冲击波blaze 火焰, 光辉, 情感爆发bleak 寒冷的, 阴冷的bleed 使出血, 放血blend 混和blessing 祝福blind n.bloom花, 旺盛, 青春blossom 花开的状态blunder 犯大错, 做错blunt 钝的, 生硬的blush脸红, 羞愧boiler, 汽锅, 锅炉bold adj.大胆的n.粗体bonus n.奖金, 红利boom n.繁荣, 隆隆声booth n.货摊, 售货亭, 棚bosom vt.怀抱, 隐匿bough n.大树枝, 主枝bounce n.(球)跳起, 弹回bowl n.碗, 碗状物, 木球boycott n。

七单元encroach vi.侵犯, 侵略, 蚕食, 侵入(on; upon)encroach on [upon] the territory of a neighbouring country 侵略邻国的领土encroach on [upon] our country's sovereignty 侵犯我国的主权encroach upon sb.'s time [property] 占用某人的时间[财产]encroach upon the interests of sb. for one's own good 损人利己The sea is encroaching upon the land. 海水浸蚀着陆地。

Obliterate vt.使消失; 除去; 抹煞; 使湮没; 使被忘却 涂去; 擦去; 删去(文字等);消灭...痕迹 blot out delete demolish destroy erase wipe outcoquettish adj.卖弄风情的；轻佻的；妖娆的bemused adj.困惑的；发呆的hereditary adj.遗传(性)的【律】世袭的【数】传袭类的, 遗传系的 hereditary characters 遗传特征 hereditary feud 宿怨hereditary property 世袭财产remit vt.(remitted;remitting)宽恕; 赦免 豁免(捐税、债务), 免除缓和, 减轻 延期, 推迟, 停止把问题提交有关当局解决; 【律】将案件发回下级法院重审 汇、寄(款等); 传送 使复原; 使复职 叫(某人)请教他人或参考某书 [古]再拘押 remit a sin 赦罪remit one's fine 免于罚款remit one's anger 息怒remit one's efforts 松劲remit the siege 解围remit a matter till [to] a certain date 把某事延至某一天remit goods by railway 用火车寄运货物R-me the money, please. 请把钱汇给我。

第一单元1.Obesity英[əʊ'bi:sətɪ] 美[oˈbisɪti] n.肥胖症;肥胖，过胖2.circulate英[ˈsɜ:kjəleɪt] 美[ˈsɜ:rkjəleɪt]vt.& vi.（使）循环;（使）流通;（使）流传;散布vi.传送，传递，传阅3.abdominal英[æbˈdɒmɪnl] 美[æbˈdɑ:mɪnl]adj.腹部的;[鱼]有腹鳍的n.腹肌（常用作复数）4.break down英[breik daun] 美[brek daʊn]失败;划分（以便分析）;损坏;衰弱下来5.Mortality英[mɔ:ˈtæləti] 美[mɔ:rˈtæləti]n.死亡数，死亡率;必死性，必死的命运6.variable英[ˈveəriəbl] 美[ˈveriəbl]adj.变化的，可变的;[数]变量的;[生]变异的n.可变因素，变量;易变的东西7.resistance英[rɪˈzɪstəns] 美[rɪˈzɪstəns]n.电阻;阻力;抵抗;抗力8.modified英['mɒdɪfaɪd] 美['mɒdəˌfaɪd]adj.改良的，改进的，修正的vt.修饰v.修饰;修改，更改( modify的过去式和过去分词);改变;缓和9.critically英['krɪtɪklɪ] 美[ˈkrɪtɪklɪ]adv.批判性地;苛求地;危急地;严重地10.inert英[ɪˈnɜ:t] 美[ɪˈnɜ:rt]adj.迟钝的;不活泼的;[化]惰性的1. internist英[ɪnˈtɜ:nɪst] 美[ɪnˈtɜ:rnɪst]n.<美>内科医师2.supplant英[səˈplɑ:nt] 美[səˈplænt]vt.代替;把…排挤掉，取代3. willowy英[ˈwɪləʊi] 美[ˈwɪloʊi]adj.袅娜;（女人）苗条的，高而纤细的(twiggy) 英['twɪgɪ] 美['twɪgɪ]adj.多细枝的，小枝繁茂的1.slow down英[sləu daun] 美[slo daʊn]（使）慢下来;（使）生产缓慢，（使）变得迟钝2.set off英[set ɒf] 美[sɛt ɔf]出发;（使）开始;引起;点燃3. nonchalantly英['nɒnʃələntlɪ] 美['nɒnʃələntlɪ]adv.漠不关心地，无动于衷地4.accumulate英[əˈkju:mjəleɪt] 美[əˈkjumjəˌlet]vt.& vi.堆积，积累vi.（数量）逐渐增加，（质量）渐渐提高5. unravel英[ʌnˈrævl] 美[ʌnˈrævəl]vt.解开;拆散;阐明vi.被解开;被拆散6.culprit英[ˈkʌlprɪt] 美[ˈkʌlprɪt]n.犯人，罪犯;肇事者，被告人10. affirm英[əˈfɜ:m] 美[əˈfɜ:rm]vt.& vi.断言，肯定;证实，确实;[法]不经宣誓而庄严宣布;承认第二单元1. inaugural英[ɪˈnɔ:gjərəl] 美[ɪnˈɔɡjərəl]adj.就职的，就任的;创始的，最早的n.就职演说;就职典礼2. shrewd英[ʃru:d] 美[ʃrud]adj.精明的，敏锐的;奸诈的，狡猾的;有眼光的;精于盘算的3. somber英['sɒmbə] 美[ˈsɑmbɚ]adj.忧郁的;昏暗的;（颜色等）暗淡的;严峻的4. exhortation英[ˌeɡzɔ:'teɪʃn] 美[ˌɛɡzɔrˈteʃən, ˌɛksɔr-]n.敦促;极力推荐;（正式的）演讲;（宗教仪式中的）劝诫5. plummet英[ˈplʌmɪt] 美[ˈplʌmɪt]vi.垂直落下;骤然跌落n.铅锤;坠子;重压物6. interrogation英[ɪnˌterə'ɡeɪʃn] 美[ɪnˌterə'ɡeɪʃn]n.讯问;审问;疑问句7. outlast英[ˌaʊtˈlɑ:st] 美[ˌaʊtˈlæst]vt.比…长久，比…活得长8. confluence英[ˈkɒnfluəns] 美[ˈkɑ:nfluəns]n.汇流;汇流处;<术>（河流的）汇合处;<正>（事物的）汇合9. recrimination英[rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃn] 美[rɪˌkrɪməˈneʃən]n.揭丑;反诉;相互指责，吵架10.run up英[rʌn ʌp] 美[rʌn ʌp]升起;（使）增长;迅速地登上;沿…迅速地移动1. on top of英[ɔn tɔp ɔv] 美[ɑn tɑp ʌv]在…上边; 在…上方;除…之外;接着2. undaunted英[ˌʌnˈdɔ:ntɪd] 美[ʌnˈdɔntɪd, -ˈdɑn-]adj.顽强的，不惧怕的，无畏的3. imperil英[ɪmˈperəl] 美[ɪmˈpɛrəl]vt.使陷于危险，危及4. grievance英[ˈgri:vəns] 美[ˈɡrivəns]n.委屈;不满;苦衷;牢骚5.strangle英[ˈstræŋgl] 美[ˈstræŋɡəl]vt.抑制;压制;扼死，勒死，绞死;使…窒息vi.窒息而死，被勒死6. cynic英[ˈsɪnɪk] 美[ˈsɪnɪk]n.愤世嫉俗者，讽世者;犬儒学派的人adj.愤世嫉俗的;犬儒学派的7. worn-out英['wɔ:n'aʊt] 美[ˈwɔrnˈaʊt, ˈworn-]adj.破旧;不能再用（或穿）的，磨破的，穿旧的;劳瘁8. mandate英[ˈmændeɪt] 美[ˈmænˌdet]n.授权;命令;委任;任期vt.托管;批准vi.强制执行;委托办理9. shrink from英[ʃriŋk frɔm] 美[ʃrɪŋk frʌm]因害怕而避开;憷10.tumult英[ˈtju:mʌlt] 美[ˈtu:mʌlt]n.喧哗;吵闹;激动的吵闹声;心烦意乱第三单元1. proactive英[ˌprəʊˈæktɪv] 美[ˌproʊˈæktɪv]adj.积极主动的;前摄的;主动出击的;先发制人的2. assorted英[əˈsɔ:tɪd] 美[əˈsɔ:rtəd]adj.各式各样的;五颜六色的;混杂的3. sponsor英[ˈspɒnsə(r)] 美[ˈspɑ:nsə(r)]n.发起者，主办者;担保者;倡议者，提案人;后援组织vt.赞助4. teetering濒临;摇晃地站立或移动( teeter的现在分词);<美>玩跷跷板;处在（灾难或危险的）边缘5. ipsyIPSY[计]= Interactive Planning SYstem,交互计划系统6. flirt英[flɜ:t] 美[flɜ:rt]vi.调情，打情骂俏;玩弄;轻率地对待;摆动vt.挥动;忽然弹出n.急投;摆动;调情的人，卖弄风情者;急扔7. infiltrate英[ˈɪnfɪltreɪt] 美[ɪnˈfɪlˌtret, ˈɪnfɪl-]vt.& vi.（使）渗透，（使）渗入;（使）潜入n.渗透物8. torrid英[ˈtɒrɪd] 美[ˈtɔ:rɪd]adj.炎热的;灼热的;晒热的;烘热的9. throng英[θrɒŋ] 美[θrɔ:ŋ]n.众多;人群，大群人vt.& vi.蜂拥而至;挤满;群集10.be strewn with四处散布1. get the word out英[ɡet ðəwə:d aut] 美[ɡɛt ði wɚd aʊt]帮助宣传2. exclusive英[ɪkˈsklu:sɪv] 美[ɪkˈsklusɪv]adj.专用的;高级的;排外的;单独的n.独家新闻;专有物;独家经营的产品（或项目、设计等）;排外者3. be replete with充满…,塞满…4. Glamorous英[ˈglæmərəs] 美[ˈɡlæmərəs]adj.迷人的;富有魅力的;富于刺激的;独特的5. withstand英[wɪðˈstænd] 美[wɪθˈstænd, wɪð-]vt.经受，承受，禁得起;反抗vi.反抗;耐得住，禁得起6. recline英[rɪˈklaɪn] 美[rɪˈklaɪn]vi.斜倚，倚靠，躺卧;依赖vt.靠;使躺下;使斜倚;依靠，信赖7. complimentary英[ˌkɒmplɪˈmentri] 美[ˌkɑ:mplɪˈmentri]adj.赠送的;赞美的;表示敬意的;恭维的adv.崇敬地，赞美地，赞许地8. vibe英[vaɪb] 美[vaɪb]n.感应9. holding court主持庭审；开庭;10.Perch英[pɜ:tʃ] 美[pɜ:rtʃ]n.鲈鱼;高处;栖息处;栖枝vi.（鸟）飞落，暂栖，停留vt.& vi.栖息;停留;（使）坐;（使）坐在…边沿第四单元1.splutter英[ˈsplʌtə(r)] 美[ˈsplʌtɚ]vi.结结巴巴;发劈啪的声音vt.发出嘶嘶声，作噼啪声，发爆裂声;语无伦次地说n.劈啪的嘈杂声2. supersededadj.[医]被代替的，废弃的v.取代，接替( supersede的过去式和过去分词)3. transfix英[trænsˈfɪks] 美[trænsˈfɪks]vt.刺穿; 钉住;使惊恐; 使惊呆4. rejuvenate英[rɪˈdʒu:vəneɪt] 美[rɪˈdʒuvəˌnet]vt.使变得年轻，使恢复活力vi.复原，变年轻5. luscious英[ˈlʌʃəs] 美[ˈlʌʃəs]adj.美味的;满足感官的;过分甜美的，腻人的;十分性感的6. hover英[ˈhɒvə(r)] 美[ˈhʌvər]vi.盘旋;徘徊;犹豫n.盘旋;徘徊7. revolve around英[riˈvɔlv əˈraund] 美[rɪˈvɑlv əˈraʊnd]环绕;旋转，绕转8. be fired up被点燃（fired是fire的过去分词）9. glossy英[ˈglɒsi] 美[ˈglɔ:si]adj.有光泽的，光滑的;虚有其表的;似是而非的n.用亮光纸印刷的杂志;印在光纸上的相片10. revere英[rɪˈvɪə(r)] 美[rɪˈvɪr]vt.敬畏;崇敬;尊崇1. supersede英[ˌsu:pəˈsi:d] 美[ˌsu:pərˈsi:d]vt.取代，接替;更替，继任;将…免职，撤换vi.推迟行动v.废除，废弃2. luscious英[ˈlʌʃəs] 美[ˈlʌʃəs]adj.美味的;满足感官的;过分甜美的，腻人的;十分性感的3. hovered鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词);靠近（某事物）;（人）徘徊;犹豫4. inadvertently英[ˌɪnədˈvɜ:təntli] 美[ˌɪnədˈvɜ:rtəntli]adv.漫不经心地，疏忽地;非故意地5. revered英[rɪ'vɪəd] 美[rɪ'vɪrd]v.崇敬，尊崇，敬畏（revere的过去式和过去分词）adj.可敬的，尊敬的6. glossy英[ˈglɒsi] 美[ˈglɔ:si]adj.有光泽的，光滑的;虚有其表的;似是而非的n.用亮光纸印刷的杂志;印在光纸上的相片7. rejuvenate英[rɪˈdʒu:vəneɪt] 美[rɪˈdʒuvəˌnet]vt.使变得年轻，使恢复活力vi.复原，变年轻8.lust英[lʌst] 美[lʌst]n.强烈的性欲;肉欲，色情;强烈的欲望;渴望，热烈追求vi.好色;渴望;贪求9. be locked in被锁在10.on the side英[ɔn ðəsaid] 美[ɑn ði saɪd]<非正>作为兼职[副业];暗地里，秘密地。

Unit 1Text A(1)(be) fraught with 充满（be filled/attended with, threatening unpleasant consequences）stumbling block 障碍物，绊脚石（hindrance/impediment/obstacle）intention 意图，目的，意向(good intentions 好意)mutual 共同的，相互的rejection 拒绝，抛弃I t’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the reasons for the disappointing results of attempts at communication. 在国际形势发生重大变化的这个时候，有必要研究一下交流中的努力的令人失望的结果的一些原因。

(2)cement 巩固，加强(settle or establish firmly)reproduce 复制，再生，繁殖deceiving 欺骗comforting 安慰的，令人欣慰的“people are people” 人就是人“deep down we’re all alike” 在内心深处，我们都是一样的a determined search for proof of this leads to disappointment.坚定地寻找这方面的证据会导致失望。

(3)promising 有希望的，有前途的；许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）contracted 收缩，订契约（contract 的过去式和过去分词）；收缩的disgust（n.）厌恶，嫌恶；（vt.）使厌恶；使作呕upbringing（n.）教养，养育，抚育displayed 显示的；表现，展示，陈列（display的过去分词）suppressed 被封锁的，被抑制的，被镇压的；镇压，阻碍发展，禁止（发表、传播），封锁，抑制，阻止自觉抑制（不愉快的记忆）（suppress的过去时和过去分词）bring about 引起，导致；使掉头differ from 与…不同；区别于…joy（n.）欢乐，快乐，乐趣，高兴；（vi.）欣喜，欢喜；（vt.）高兴，使快乐sorrow（n.）悲伤，懊悔，伤心事；（vi.）懊悔，遗憾，感到悲伤；（vt.）为…悲痛the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, and happiness is the same for all members of our species. 肌肉收缩产生愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶和快乐的组合对我们人类的所有成员都是一样的。

affroestation造林aggregate 总数的，总计的alleviation减轻痛苦的，缓和almshouse救济处ambiguity意义含糊analogy类推anecdotal轶事的，有关趣闻的aspiration 志气，抱负，渴望assemblage集合，会众asset资产，财产atypicality不正常，非典型backfire产生反效果bemused沉思的，发呆的，茫然的beset包围，围困bid up 增加，堆积billow巨浪，波涛般滚滚而来之物brushstroke一笔，一画caloric热量的，卡的cardinal最重要的cassava木薯casserole砂锅菜cement巩固，加强cholera霍乱circumvent防止---发生clutch抓紧cognition认识connotation含义，内涵cognitive认知的collateral附属担保品，附属的compositescore综合评分composition组成，创作，作品condolence 吊唁，慰问，同情confound使—惊慌失措conspicuously显著地constraint限制coquettish卖弄风情的cullnary烹饪的‘culminate达到顶点cyclone旋风deplete耗尽deprecation不赞同，反对detachment独立，超然，不偏不倚detectable令人愉快的，宜人的deterrent制止的，威慑的deviation偏差diabetes糖尿病diagonal对角线dioxin二氧(杂)芭disentangle解开，解决（纠纷）disparity不同，悬殊dispensation特许，豁免dispense分配，行使，免去dissipation浪费，消耗distortion曲解，扭曲divulge泄漏duly按时地，及时地duodecimo十二开duress强迫，胁迫，强制dyad=diad二，一双earmark指定（款项）用途encroach侵犯，侵占endearment爱慕（的表达）enfeeble使衰弱enlargement扩大，扩展enlightenment启发，开导，教导entall使必要，牵涉equitableness公平，公正equity正义，公正，股本ethnocentric种族（民族）中心主义的exacerbate使（病，痛苦等）加剧（恶化）exact强求，强要exertion尽力，费力，努力externally外部因素，外在特征façade 表面，外观，正面，立面fallaway消失，抛弃fallout with sb. 争吵，吵架fetus胎儿fluid流动的，不固定的fraughtwith充满的forsooth的确，确实grassroots基层，农业区gravitate受引力作用，倾向grimace怪相，鬼脸hereditary世袭的，遗传的hindrance阻碍hygiene卫生hypothesis假设illumination照亮，阐明，启发impervious不可渗透的，不受影响的impropriety不适当的，不得体的indefaultof没有，在-缺少时inadvertently因疏忽所致地incineration焚化，火葬indentation压痕，凹痕indexscore指数infest (害虫)大批出没于inflection变音infrastructure基础设施，基础建设inheritance继承物，遗产inscrutable不可思议的，不可预测的integration整体，综合intestinal肠的，内部的intrauterine子宫内的intrusion打扰，侵扰locomotion运动，移动lull使安静，平静macabre以死亡为主题的，令人毛骨悚然的mainstream作为（思想或行动）的主流mean平均数melancholy 忧郁migration迁移，移居modulate调整，调节motif主题，图形multiplicity多重性nonetheless然而obliterate涂抹，去掉什么的痕迹octave八度音offset补偿，抵消optimal最佳的optimize充分利用，是最优化parasite 寄生虫，食客pare剥，削，削减pare down 削减parsimonious小气的，吝啬的pastel (色彩)淡的，柔和的pedagogy教学法penitentiary教养所permeate渗入，透过，弥漫，充满，perpetuate使持续，使永久perverse坚持错误的，刚愎的，任性的pester使烦恼peter逐渐枯萎，逐渐消失plasticity可塑性，适应性pleat褶portfolio组合投资posterity后裔，子孙，后代post-test后测试precaution预防，警惕，防范precinct界限，范围preconception预想，偏见preferential优惠的，优待的pre-test前测试prolapse脱垂，下垂prone有倾向的，易于prop（up）支持，维持prosodic韵律的proxemics 间距（距离）quadruple (使)变成四倍ration给配额，定量reconnoiter侦察，recuperation复原，恢复，挽回，弥补recur一再发生，重现refreshment 茶点，点心，便餐，饮料remit豁免，免除retard阻碍，使推迟retardation迟钝，延迟，阻滞revenue财政收入，收益ritual (宗教)仪式，典礼，程序，rule out 拒绝考虑rumple弄皱sabotage破坏schistosomiasis血吸虫病screenout考察，甄别scrutiny检查，调查shallowness浅薄，肤浅sibilant发丝音的，丝丝声的sibling兄弟（姐妹）skeleton骨骼，骨架smattering肤浅（片段）的知识smock工作服smoothie (水果)爽sobering使冷静的sobriety清醒，节制，严肃solace安慰，使快乐spatial空间的，存在（占据）空间的standarddeviation标准差standoffish冷淡的steer朝什么前进，把什么引向stereotype陈规，老套，旧框框stillbirth死胎，死产stumblingblock障碍物，绊脚石subsidize资助，补助subsidy补贴subtest次测试sumptuous奢侈的，华丽的superintendence监督，主管，指挥symptomatic 有什么特征（病状）的synergy协同作用tablesu戏剧性场面，舞台造型tarnish使失去光泽，变灰暗teeming充满的，热闹的，多产的，temerity轻率，鲁莽，tenacity坚韧，坚持，顽固，固执tenure占有期，使用期therapy治疗thwart阻碍，阻止tip (使)倾斜token记号，标志，象征，纪念品torso躯干，裸体躯干雕像toxin毒素，毒汁transfer转移transitory短暂的truism自明之理，不言而喻的话unassuming谦逊的undervalue低估，小看，轻视unleash发泄，释放urinary尿的，泌尿的uterus子宫valance床沿挂布，帷幔vanquish征服，战胜，击败vector传病媒介，昆虫媒介者vestige迹象，遗迹virulent剧毒的，恶毒的，恶性的warrant理由充足，使正当waterborne饮水传染的，水上的，水运的whine发牢骚zealous热情（心）的，积极的。

1、abdomen ['æbdəmən] 下腹，腹部He felt a great deal of pain in his abdomen.2、abide [ə'baid] 坚持，遵守，持续，忍受I cannot abide the loud noise anymore.He abided here for a month.3、abnormal [æb'nɔ:məl] 反常的，不规则的，变态的It is abnormal for a man to walk in his sleep.It is important to make a study of abnormal psychology.4、aboard [ə'bɔ:d] 在船(或飞机,车)上;上船(或飞机,车)All passengers aboard fell into the river.They were the last two to go aboard the ship.5、abound [ə'baund] 大量存在，富于，充满Wildlife abounds in the forest.Most of her poems abound in imagery.That island abounds with snakes.6、abroad [ə'brɔ:d] 在国外;在外面;散开My son is still living abroad.They usually walk abroad in warm days.The news spread abroad that a new factory was going to be built in the county.7、abrupt [ə'brʌpt] 突然的、意外的；鲁莽的、陡峭的The abrupt change of schedule gave me lots of trouble.She was offended by his abrupt manner.She did not dare to bike down the abrupt slope.8、absence ['æbsns] 缺席；缺乏She never speaks ill of anyone in his or her absence.The absence of color in that drawing makes it dull.9、absolute ['æbsəlu:t] 纯粹的；绝对的；确实的；专制的His story was an absolute lie.There's no absolute standard for it.The police have absolute proof of his guilt.An absolute ruler can do just as he please.10、absorb [əb'sɔ:b] 吸收；理解；全神贯注；承受Cotton gloves absorb sweat.So many good ideas! It's too much for me to absorb all at once.The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.She won't be able to absorb another heavy blow.11、absurd [əb'sə:d] 荒谬的;可笑的It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.His idea is absurd.12、abundance [ə'bʌndəns] 丰富;大量There were deer in abundance in these forests.At the feast there was an abundance of food and drink.13、abuse [ə'bju:z] 滥用；谩骂；虐待；弊端He abused his power while in office.You are always abusing and offending people.Those captives were physically abused.The force of public opinion can help check abuses in modern politics.14、accelerate [æk'seləreit] 使增速；促进The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car.The bad weather accelerated our departure.15、accent ['æksənt] 口音；重读；强调Judging by her accent, she must be a Southerner.Accent the word "energy" on the first syllable.Throughout his speech the minister accented the gravity of the energy situation.16、access ['ækses] 通道；接近The only access to their house is along that narrow road.Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.17、accessory [æk'sesəri] 附件，饰品；从犯A radio is an accessory to a car.He was charged with being an accessory to the crime.18、accidental [æksi'dentl]偶然的；附属的Breaking the vase was purely accidental.accidental benefits19、acclaim [ə'kleim]向...欢呼，称赞；拥立...为Critics acclaimed the new play.The mob acclaimed him emperor.20、accommodate [ə'kɔmədeit]为...提供住宿; 使适应; 向...提供；通融The hotel can accommodate 500 tourists.You will have to accommodate yourself to the changed situation.The bank will accommodate him with a loan.The policeman accommodated us when we asked for help.21、accord [ə'kɔ:d] 符合；调解；给予His account of the incident accords with yours.The mayor will try to accord the controversy over the housing scheme.He was accorded a warm welcome at the airport.22、accordance [ə'kɔrdəns]符合；赋予You should play the game in accordance with the rules.the accordance of rights23、accordingly [ə'kɔ:diŋli] 相应地；于是Learn the rules and act accordingly.He was too sick to stay. Accordingly, we sent him home.24、account [ə'kaunt]帐目；客户；描述; 解释；理由；把...视为；导致The accounts show we have spent more than we received.The company is our best account.The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident.John gave us a detailed account of his plan.He got angry on this account.He accounted himself lucky.Too much rain accounted for the poor crop.25、accumulate [ə'kjumjə,let] 累积；堆积They set to work accumulating a huge mass of data.Dust had accumulated during her absence.26、accurate['ækjurit]准确的The new salesgirl is accurate at figures.27、accuse [ə'kju:z] 控告；把...归咎于She accused him of stealing her watch.Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.28、accustomed [ə'kʌstəmd]通常的; 习惯的the accustomed placesHe was accustomed to command, not to entreat.29、ache [eik] 持续性地疼痛;同情;渴望Mother says she is aching all over with fatigue.His heart ached for the suffering child bride.She was aching for home.30、acid ['æsid] 酸的；尖酸刻薄的；（化学）酸性Lemons have an acid taste.John has an acid tongue.Some acids burn holes in wood and cloth.31、acknowledge [ək'nɔlidʒ]承认;对...打招呼;就...表示感谢I acknowledge that her criticism is just.Stella didn't even acknowledge me when I waved a greeting.The candidate waved his hands to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd.32、acquaint [ə'kweint]认识；使了解Philip became acquainted with Kathy.I acquainted him with the facts of the case.33、acquaintance [ə'kweintəns] 了解；熟人I have some acquaintance with Spanish.She has many acquaintances in the business community.34、acquire[ə'kwaiə]获得；学到The museum has just acquired a famous painting by Picasso.She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.35、acquisition[,ækwi'ziʃən]获得；获得物He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.This dress is Amy's new acquisition.36、across [ə'krɔ:s]穿过; 在...那边; 与...相交叉We walked across the street.He stared at the Englishman across the table.The two lines cut across each other.37、act [ækt]扮演；假装；行动；充当；表现He acted Othello at the Royal Theater that evening.He acted the wise man who knew everything and never made mistakes.We should act immediately.John acted as chairman in his absence.I don't think she acted right.38、activate ['ækti,veit] 激活A city of flourishing development can activate the regional economy trans-regionally; a city imbued with innovation can create and upgrade the culture of an area rapidly. 39、active ['æktiv]活跃的；积极的Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not very active now.He became an active social reformer.40、actual ['æktjuəl] 实际的；现实的What he told us was an actual happening.The pickpocket was caught in the actual commission of a crime.41、acute [ə'kju:t]聪颖的；剧烈的；严重的；急性的He is a man of acute intelligence.She complained of acute pains in her chest.It is urgent that the acute problem of air pollution in the city be solved.He fell ill with acute appendicitis.42、adapt [ə'dæpt]使适应; 改编; 改建He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.The author is going to adapt his play for television.The boys adapted the old barn for use by the club.43、addict [ə'dikt]使沉溺；入迷的人She is addicted to television.They are rock music addicts.44、addition [ə'diʃən]附加；增加部分The addition of fruit makes the cereal taste good.The baby is a new addition to our family.45、address [ə'dres] 住址；演说；举止风度；向...致词；称呼；对...说话Write the address clearly.The mayor gave a television address yesterday evening.He is a man of pleasant address.He is going to address the meeting.He addressed her as "Miss Mattie".He is addressing the chairman.46、adequate ['ædikwit]足够的；适当的；胜任的；尚可的Martin decided that he had no adequate proof.He sought for an adequate solution to the problem.She proved adequate to the job.That hotel is merely adequate.47、adhere [əd'hiə]粘附；遵守There were several pages that adhered to each other.They adhered to the contract.48、adjacent [ə'dʒesənt]相邻的，连接的The two families live on adjacent streets.49、adjoin [ə'dʒɔin]毗连；靠近New Jersey adjoins New York.The two bedrooms adjoin.50、adjust[ə'dʒʌst]调节...以适应；校正；适应She must learn to adjust herself to English life.I must adjust my watch, it's fast.Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness.51、administer [əd'ministə]管理；实施；提供；帮助It takes brains to administer a large corporation.The courts administer the law.The nurse administered the medicine to the sick child.administer to the old.52、admire [əd'maiə] 钦佩；欣赏; 称赞We admire her for her diplomatic tact.He admires your poems very much.He admired her new hat.53、admission [əd'miʃən]进入许可（入场券）；坦白She has the qualifications for admission to the college.He made an admission that he had used threatening behavior.54、adolescent [,ædə'lesnt]幼稚的；青少年；青春期Her remarks seemed a bit adolescent.The adolescent period is one's best time.It is not unusual for grown adults to act in an adolescent way.55、adopt [ə'dɔpt]采纳；收养；正式通过After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.The agenda was adopted after some discussion.56、adore[ə'dɔ:]崇拜；爱慕；极喜欢People adore him for his noble character.We adore our sisters and brothers.She adores going to the theater.57、advance[əd'vɑ:ns]促进；提前；预付；提出；晋升；贷(款)；（物价)上涨；发展；友好表示；预先的The president has done his utmost to advance the national interest.The date of the meeting was advanced by four days.We will advance him some money for traveling expenses.The theory was advanced by an American professor.He was soon advanced to the position of CEO.The bank advanced him 20,000 dollars to start his business.Rice has advanced fifteen cents a pound.Remarkable advances have been made in space science.He did not respond to her advances.I have received an advance payment.58、advanced[əd'vɑ:nst]前面的；先进的；高级的；年迈的an advanced positionAncient Greece was an advanced civilization.My younger sister studied advanced math.His grandfather died at an advanced age of 98.59、advent['ædvənt] 出现；到来The advent of the computer changed people's life greatly.With the advent of spring, everything comes to life again.60、adventure[əd'ventʃə] 冒险精神；冒险活动；使冒险He is a man full of adventure.They set out on a daring space adventure.No man would adventure it.61、adverse['ædvə:s]逆向的；不利的Adverse winds hinder ships.The expedition encountered adverse weather conditions.62、advertise['ædvətaiz]为...做广告;公告If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.He advertised them of his decision to withdraw from the election.63、advisable [əd'vaizəbl] 可取的;明智的It is not advisable just to work away without making a timely summing-up of experience. It is advisable to see a dentist regularly.64、advocate['ædvəkit]提倡者；拥护They are advocates of free trade.He advocates reforming the prison system.65、aerial ['ɛəriəl]空气的; 航空的; 虚无飘渺的；天线Aerial pollution is a problem that should be solved quickly.He showed me some aerial photographs.aerial musicThe picture is much clearer with the new aerial.66、aesthetic/esthetic [i:s'θetik]美学的；具有审美趣味的The professor advanced a new aesthetic theory.an aesthetic person67、affair [ə'fɛə] 情况；事件；事务How are your affairs going?The wedding was a quiet affair.The premier deals with important affairs of state.68、affect [ə'fekt]影响; 使震动；侵袭（感染）；假装；爱好The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.She was deeply affected by the news of her father's death.Her kidneys had become affected.He affected not to see her.She affects old furniture and china.69、affection [ə'fekʃən] 属性；疾病；感情Love, fear and hope are affections of the mind.The boy is suffering from an affection of the ear.She has a great affection for her hometown.70、affiliate[ə'filieit]紧密联系；使隶属于；追溯；参加；附属机构I affiliate myself with their team to get more information on the share market.We are affiliated with a local club.They tried to affiliate that play to its author.Our club has affiliated with a national society.It is an affiliate of the Red Cross.71、affirm [ə'fə:m]证实；确认；断言；肯定；声明Scientists cannot affirm the existence of life on other planets.She was affirmed as a candidate.They affirmed that the girl did quite a bit of reading.We are not entitled to affirm or negate anything.He affirmed his loyalty to his country.72、affluent['æfluənt]富裕的；富饶的He was born to an affluent family.He was affluent in worldly goods.73、afterward['ɑ:ftəwəd]后来,然后At first I did not know which plan would be the best, but afterward I decided on this. Afterward they had lunch in the garden.74、age [eidʒ]年龄; 某一时期; 时代; 变老What's the age of that old building?Each civilization has its golden age.We are living in the age of technology.Since her husband's death, she has aged considerably.75、agency ['eidʒənsi]代理机构;作用Our company has agencies in major cities of the country.Carbon dioxide is converted into oxygen through the agency of plants.76、agenda[ədʒ'endə]议程What's on your agenda today?77、agent['eidʒənt]代理人; 原动力I made my assistant my agent while I was abroad.Electricity is an important agent in the life of today.78、aggravate['ægrəveit]加剧; 使恼火Ice water aggravated my toothache.His bossy attitude aggravates me.79、aggressive [ə'gresiv]侵略的; 有进取心的Tom thought of the war as an aggressive one.An aggressive young man can go far in our firm.80、agitate ['ædʒiteit]煽动；搅动；焦虑They sent agents to agitate the local people.Agitate the mixture to dissolve the powder.He became quite agitated when he was asked about his criminal past.81、agony ['ægəni]极度痛苦; 爆发They went through the agonies of war and famine.The football fans cheered the winning team with agonies of wild joy. 82、agreeable[ə'gri:əbəl]宜人的；赞同的; 符合的an agreeable odorThey were all agreeable to our proposal.This arrangement is agreeable to both sides.83、agreement [ə'gri:mənt]一致；协议My parents are in agreement on what color to paint the house.The three sides reached an agreement to stop the war.84、aid [eid]帮助；有助于；救助She made no effort to aid Sophia.A good dictionary can aid language learning.He should be able to read this without the aid of a dictionary.85、airport ['ɛəpɔ:t]机场They landed at a small airport.86、aisle[ail]通道He followed the usher down the aisle.87、alarm [ə'lɑ:m]警报；惊慌；使恐惧The doorkeeper gave the alarm as soon as he saw the smoke."What's up?" he asked in alarm.Don't be alarmed. I am no robber.88、album['ælbəm]相册；唱片This is one of the songs from her latest album.My album of boyhood photographs often reminds me of the past happiness.89、alcohol ['ælkəhɔl]酒精He decided to keep off alcohol after the accident.90、alert [ə'lə:t]警觉的；机敏的；警戒状态；使警觉；通知She is alert to every sound and movement.The boy was alert in answering the stranger's questions.She was always on the alert for some new calamities.The doctor alerted me to the danger of a heart attack.She's alerted me for weekend duty.91、alien['eiljən]外国的；不相容的；侨民A law was passed to protect alien property.Her behavior is alien to our ethical values.Enemy aliens were imprisoned during the war.92、alike [ə'laik]相像的；一样地The twins look very much alike.The boss treats everyone alike.93、alive [ə'laiv]活着的；活跃的；注意到的；充满的；带电的The injured man is unconscious but still alive.Although he is eighty, he is still very much alive.Are you alive to what is going on?The town was alive with rumors.The wire is alive.A newspaper article alleged that the cabinet was going to resign. She was late for the meeting and alleged that her watch was wrong.95、alleviate [ə'li:vieit] 减轻They alleviated the boredom of waiting by singing songs.96、alliance [ə'laiəns]结盟The alliance had been forged in the crucible of war.97、allocate ['æləkeit]分派；分配The system was unable to allocate a new data object.You must allocate the money carefully.98、allow [ə'lau]允许；给予；使成为可能；认可；承认Swimming is not allowed at this beach.Their teacher allowed them three days for the assignment.The windfall allowed me to buy a house.The judge allowed the claim.He allowed that they were right.99、allowance [ə'lauəns]津贴；分配额；限额；折扣；承认；认可The child has a weekly allowance of five dollars.His allowance for food is $100.What is the baggage allowance of this airline?That store makes an allowance of 10% for cash payment.the allowance of a claimthe allowance of segregation100、alloy ['ælɔi]合金；使降低Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.Mercy should alloy our stern resentment.101、ally [ə'lai] 同盟者；使结盟；与...相关联England and Russia were allies in the Second World War.The small country allied itself to/with the stronger power.The English language is allied to the German language.102、alone [ə'ləun] 单独的；只有；独自地She watches TV when she is alone.The rent alone is $300.I can do it alone.103、alongside [ə'lɔŋ'said]沿着；在...旁边The police car pulled up alongside.The boat pulled up alongside the dock.104、aloud [ə'laud]大声地The hungry baby cried aloud.105、alternate[ɔ:l'tə:nit]交替的；间隔的；候补者；使交替According to the weather forecast, there will be a week of alternate rain and sunshine. They saw each other on alternate Sundays.We have several alternates on our team.Our boss alternates kindness with severity.106、alternative [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv]两者择一的；替代的；非主流的；选择；供选择的东西We have the alternative plans of having a picnic or taking a boat trip.There was no alternative route open to her.I'd like to get some alternative music CDs for my niece.If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.What alternatives are there?107、altitude['ælti,tju:d]海拔；高处The plane was then flying at an altitude of 8000 feet.He found it difficult to breathe at high altitudes.108、altogether [,ɔ:ltə'geðə]完全；合计；总之I am altogether on your side in this matter.He bought altogether 500 hectares of land.Altogether, exports are looking up.109、amateur ['æmətər] 爱好者；业余的An amateur shouldn't play roulette for high stakes.You're a professional, but I am an amateur.110、amaze [ə'meiz]使惊愕I was amazed at his conduct.111、ambassador [æm'bæsədə] 大使He was appointed ambassador to France.112、ambiguous [æm'bigjuəs] 模棱两可的；含糊不清的In fact, your ambiguous words amount to a refusal.Why are you always so ambiguous about this problem？113、amend [ə'mend] 修订；改进The constitution was amended in 1920 to give women the right to vote. He was determined to amend.114、amiable ['eimjəbl] 和蔼的；亲切的The next-door neighbors are amiable people.The hostess received her friends with an amiable smile115、amid [ə'mid]在...之中We lost our companions amid the storm and the darkness.116、amount [ə'maunt]总额；数量；合计；相当于；产生...结果What is the amount we owe them?We need a small amount of fuel.The total cost of repairs amounted to US$100.Keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing.He'll never amount to anything.117、ample ['æmpl] 丰富的；宽敞的；充足的He has got ample stage experience, and won't get stage fright.Our sitting room is ample and bright.We have ample time.118、amplifier ['æmplifaiə]放大器A quad amplifier contains four identical circuit units.119、amplify['æmplə,faɪ] 扩大；详述；增强We must amplify our effort by working a lot harder.Please amplify your remarks by giving us some examples.These stories only amplified her fears.120、amuse [ə'mju:z] 使欢乐；消遣A clown's job is to amuse the spectators.It was too rainy to play outside, so she amused herself with a book.121、analogue ['ænəlɔg] 类似物The gill of a fish is the analogue of the lung of a cat.122、analogy [ə'nælədʒi] 相似There's no analogy between his position and yours.123、analysis [ə'næləsis]分析In the last analysis, the responsibility for this failure must lie with the chief engineer. 124、analytic [,ænə'litik] 分析的；善于分析的The analytic method is dialectical.an analytic mind125、analyse/ analyze ['ænəlaiz] 分析The coach tried to analyse the cause of our defeat.126、ancestor ['ænsistə]祖先；原型He is sprung from noble ancestors.The abacus is the ancestor of the modern computer.127、anchor ['æŋkə]锚；依靠；新闻节目主播；压阵队员；抛锚；使固定；主持The ship dragged its anchor during the night.Hope is his only anchor.He was then doing the anchor.The anchor man in a relay team runs last.The ship was anchored off the shore.We anchored the tent with pegs.She anchors a 45-minute news show at noon.128、ancient ['einʃənt] 古代的；古旧的；自古以来的；古人We were impressed by the ruins of an ancient building.He drives an ancient car.This is an ancient custom.The ancients believed that the sun and moon were planets. 129、anecdote ['ænik,dəut]趣闻；轶事She told us anecdotes about the hospital and the patients. He departs from the text to tell an anecdote.130、angel131、anger132、angle133、anguish134、anniversary135、announce136、annoy137、annual138、anonymous139、answer140、antenna141、anticipate142、antique143、anxiety144、anxious145、anyhow/anyway146、apart147、apartment148、apologise/ apologize149、apology150、appall151、apparatus152、apparent 153、appeal 154、appear 155、appearance 156、appendix 157、appetite 158、applaud 159、applause 160、appliance 161、applicable 162、application 163、apply 164、appoint 165、appraisal 166、appreciate 167、approach 168、appropriate 169、approval 170、approximate 171、apt172、arch173、architecture 174、argue 175、arise176、arithmetic 177、around 178、arouse180、array 181、arrest 182、arrogant 183、arrow 184、artery 185、article 186、articulate 187、artificial 188、artistic 189、ascend 190、ascertain 191、ash192、ashamed 193、ashore 194、aside 195、asleep 196、aspect 197、aspire 198、assassinate 199、assemble 200、assembly 201、assert 202、assess 203、asset 204、assign 205、assimilate 206、assist208、associate 209、association 210、assume 211、assumption 212、assurance 213、astonish 214、astronaut 215、astronomy 216、athlete 217、atmosphere 218、atom 219、attach 220、attack 221、attain 222、attend 223、attendant 224、attitude 225、attorney 226、attract 227、attribute 228、auction 229、audience 230、audio 231、audit 232、augment 233、aural 234、authentic236、automatic 237、autonomy 238、auxiliary 239、avail240、available 241、avenue 242、average 243、avert 244、aviation 245、await 246、awake 247、award 248、aware 249、away 250、awe251、awful 252、awkward 253、axe254、axis255、bachelor 256、background 257、backward 258、bacon 259、bacterium 260、badge 261、badly 262、badminton266、balance 267、balcony 268、bald 269、ball 270、ballet 271、balloon 272、ballot 273、band 274、bandage 275、bang 276、bank 277、bankrupt 278、banner 279、banquet 280、bar 281、barbecue 282、barber 283、bare 284、bargain 285、bark 286、barn 287、barrel 288、barren 289、barrier 290、base294、basis 295、bat296、batch 297、bath 298、bathe 299、battery 300、battle 301、bay302、beach 303、beam 304、bean 305、bear 306、beard 307、bearing 308、beast 309、beat 310、become 311、bed312、beef 313、beforehand 314、beg315、behave 316、behavior 317、being 318、belief320、belly 321、belong 322、beloved 323、below 324、belt 325、bench 326、bend 327、beneath 328、beneficial 329、benefit 330、benign 331、beside 332、besides 333、bet 334、betray 335、beverage 336、beware 337、bewilder 338、beyond 339、bias 340、bible 341、bicycle 342、bid 343、bill 344、billion 345、bin 346、bind348、biology 349、birth 350、biscuit 351、bit 352、bite 353、bitter 354、bizarre 355、black 356、blackmail 357、blade 358、blame 359、blank 360、blanket 361、blast 362、blaze 363、bleak 364、bleed 365、blend 366、bless 367、blind 368、block 369、blood 370、bloody 371、bloom 372、blossom 373、blouse 374、blow376、blunder 377、blunt 378、blur 379、blush 380、board 381、boast 382、boat 383、body 384、boil 385、bold 386、bolt 387、bomb 388、bond 389、bone 390、bonus 391、book 392、boom 394、boost 395、boot 396、booth 397、border 398、bore 399、born 400、borrow 401、bosom 402、boss 403、bother405、bottom 406、bounce 407、bound 408、boundary 409、bow 410、bowel 411、bowl 412、box413、boycott 414、brace 415、bracket 416、brain 417、brake 418、branch 419、brand 420、brandy 421、brass 422、brave 423、breach 424、bread 425、breadth 426、break 427、breakdown 428、breast 429、breath 430、breathe 431、breed433、bribe 434、brick 435、bride 436、bridge 437、brief 438、briefcase 439、bright 440、brilliant 441、brim 442、bring 443、brisk 444、brittle 445、broad 446、broadcast 447、brochure 448、bronze 449、brook 450、broom 451、brow。