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虚拟语气详解

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虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

I. 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实)

If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）

1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：

If I were you,I would take an umbrella.

2、表示与过去事实相反的情况:

If I had gotten there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

3、表示对将来情况的主观推测:

If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）

## 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首

## 在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without„，but for„（要不是因为...）等

But for his help,we would be working now.

II. 动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were)；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should)；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)+动词原形。

I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。

I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 但愿我没有花这么多钱。

III.表示“坚持”后的宾语从句,指insist的宾语从句，从句谓 语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国 英语中通常可以省略

I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。

Exception：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。

He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。

另外还有：表示“命令”后的宾语从句（order, command的宾语从句）；表示“建议”后的宾语从句（advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句）注：suggest

与insist有相同的exception。表事实时，suggest译为表明，认为。表示“要求”后的宾语从句（ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句）；表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句（move, vote等后的宾语从句）；表示“敦促”后的宾语从句（指动词urge后的宾语从句）；表示“安排”后的宾语从句（指动词arrange后的宾语从句）；表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句（desire, intend后的宾语从句）；表示“指示”后的宾语从句（direct后的宾语从句）；

IV. 表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。 句型：It is.......that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原形或只用动词原形。

V. 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现 在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。

Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）

VI. 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：指现 在或将来：may +do。

We will find him wherever he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。

VII.其他类型

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。

【典型例题】

1） If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

解析：错选D。此题考查混合条件句。从句表对过去的虚拟，主句表对现 在的虚拟，所以正确答案为A。

2）The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained

解析：答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

3）_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.

A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I

解析：答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说

Weren't I to do.

4). My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of

good to her.

A. takes B. must take C. take D. took

解析：错选A。本题要表达“我的建议是她（应该）多锻炼，这对她会有很大好处。”符合虚拟的条件，所以正确答案为C。空前面省略了should.

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高考英语虚拟语气详解及练习

高考英语虚拟语气详解及练习

语法复习专题11

虚拟语气

一、考点聚焦

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：

If I were a boy, I would join the army.

If the had time, she should go with you.

（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) +

动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/

could might + 动词原形。如；

If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)

以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：

条件状语从句 主 句

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词

与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形

虚拟语气讲解

虚拟语气讲解

虚拟语气

一、If 引导的条件句中的虚拟语气

时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例

将来 动词过去式(be用were)

should + 动词原形

were to + 动词原形 would / should / might /

could + 动词原形 If he were to/should/come here/he

came here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。

现在 动词过去式

(be 用 were) would / should / might / could

+ 动词原形 If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会协助我们的。

过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could

have + 动词过去分词 If I had seen the film, I would have told

you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。

▲

当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。

例：Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。

▲ if only 要是…就好了 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。

▲ 在句中出现but for(if it were not for/ if it hadn’t been for), without, otherwise, or else 等时，后面的虚拟语气形式参照上面表格中主句谓语动词形式，视句子涵义而定。

虚拟语气详解(自用版)

虚拟语气详解(自用版)

虚拟语气详解（自用版）

虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论：

1．名词从句中的虚拟语气 标志词+should+动词原形

2．条件从句中的虚拟语气 ①三种基本态 ②倒装虚拟句 ③混时虚拟句 ④含蓄虚拟句

⑤跳层虚拟句

3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest）

一．三种基本形态（1）

表虚拟的时间 if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式

现在： did / were would (should, might, could)+do

过去： had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)

将来： were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do

三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）

与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book.

与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.

与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.

If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.

二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）

Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.

虚拟语气详解及时态

虚拟语气详解及时态

二、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）

1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气

主语从句（常用形式主语 it 来代替，结构为 It is that…）中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等的形容词和过去分词，其形式为：（should）+

动词原形。常这样用的形容词有：

appropriate，advisable，better，desirable，essential，imperative，important，insistent，natural，necessary，preferable，strange，urgent，vital等。

过去分词有：

desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required 等。

例如：

It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts.

It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.

2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等的名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。

常这样用的名词有：

resolution, pray, decision, motion, suggestion, preference, proposal, advice, recommendation,

desire, demand, requirement, order, necessity, request, idea 等。

例如：

He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. 他下令热情款待这些客人。