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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions一、刷黑板——词汇全听写先过识记默写关Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．patent n．专利证书；专利权2．courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井3．walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木4．powder n. 粉末；火药5．perfume n. 香水；香味[第二屏听写]6．version n．版本；译本7．extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸8．triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体9．criterion n．(pl.criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度10．string n. 线；绳子；一串11．glue n. 胶；胶水vt.粘贴；粘合[第三屏听写]12．greengrocer n．蔬菜水果商(pl.) 蔬菜水果店13．refrigerator n. 冰箱14．jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱15．microphone n. 麦克风；话筒16．multiple adj.多种的；多样的；多类型的n. 倍数[第四屏听写]17．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的18．personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员19．helicopter n. 直升飞机20．cube n. 立方体；立方21．cubic adj.立方的Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第五屏听写]1．distinguish vi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别2．merciful_ adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的3．product n. 产品4．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的5．abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地[第六屏听写]6．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的7．caution n. 小心；谨慎8．expectation n. 预料；期待；期望9．passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的10．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的[第七屏听写]11．merrily adv. 高兴地；愉快地12．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺13．recognition n. 认出；认可；承认14．claim n．& vt.要求；声称；主张15．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹vt.提交；将……归档[第八屏听写]16．competence n．能力；胜任；本领17．valid adj.有效的；确凿的18．ripe adj.熟的；成熟的19．freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的20．identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明[第九屏听写]21．dial vt.拨(电话)22．rainfall_ n. 降雨23．innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的24．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担25．forehead n. 额头26．occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地[第十屏听写]27．tap vt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头28．current n. (水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的29．stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的30．invaluable adj.无价的；极宝贵的31．associate vt.联想；联系n. 同伴；伙伴[第十一屏听写]32．practical_ adj.实际的；实践的；实用的33．directory n. 电话簿；商行名录34．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入35．set_out_(to_do)_ 开始(做)36．call_up 给……打电话37．now_and_then 偶尔；有时38．set_about 开始；着手[第十一屏听写]39．hang_on_ 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住40．out_of_order_ 次序颠倒；发生故障41．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过42．ring_back 回复电话43．ring_off_ 挂断电话二、刷清单——热身自盘点再过基本应用关(一)核心单词(三)经典句式一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别[教材原句] Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校第一部分选修8 Unit 3Ⅰ.单句改错1．The fan collected a lot of information associating with his favorite stars.________________________________________________________________ ________2．On receiving the assignment, we at once set out to working.________________________________________________________________ ________3．The policeman seized the thief by his arm.________________________________________________________________ ________4．We all know that Yao Ming is distinguished for a basketball player.________________________________________________________________ ________5．Borne in a rich family, the boy has been spoiled.________________________________________________________________ ________【答案】1.associating→associated 2.working→work3．his→the 4.for→as 5.Borne→BornⅡ.语境填空2．Often no one looks more guilty than the________.3．You must have left a _____________ running in the bathroom.4．John rose so _____________ that she knocked down her chair.5．The system runs _____________ and the control result is satisfying.6．When dealing with such dangerous things, you must be ____________.7．If it is _____________ for you tomorrow, I'd like to visit you again.8．We should have _____________ card on the person when we go abroad.9．These plants must be stored in the light at above _____________ temperature.10．At what age are children able to _____________ between right andwrong?11．Too much TV has been _____________ with violence, overweight and loneliness.12．A person who is _____________ is capable of doing something to a satisfactory standard.【答案】1.practice 2.innocent 3.tap 4.abruptly5．stably 6.cautious 7.convenient 8.identification9．freezing 10.distinguish 11.associated petentⅢ.短语活用2．I'm afraid I'll have to ______________.Someone is calling me.3．It took me ten minutes to persuade her __________ later.4．Just now the beautiful song ______________ the days we spent together in America.5．My father has a collection of magazines to which Ireturn______________.6．The washing machine she bought yesterday ______________， making him a little angry.7．The new government must ______________ finding solutions to the country's economic problem.8．There is only one vacant position in this company, but many college students desire ____________ it.9．Most of the telephone lines were destroyed by the hurricane last night, so today it's almost impossible _______________ to anybody.10．He has planned ______________ his new job and make a good impression on his boss and colleagues.【答案】1.hang on 2.ring off 3.to ring back 4.called up5．now and then 6.is out of order 7.set about8．to apply for 9.to get through 10.to dive intoⅣ.完成句子1．直到我开始做这个工作，我才意识到做好它不容易。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.阅读理解AEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle without any problems.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practical sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us”．篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions话题素材——发明创造[话题词汇]1.achieve vt. 达到；取得2.ambitious adj. 有雄心壮志的3.birthplace n. 出生地；故乡4.confident adj. 自信的5.creative adj. 富有创造力的6.be enthusiastic about 对……热心7.make efforts to_do sth. 努力做某事8.regard ... as ... 认为……是……9.make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献10.set a good example to 为……做出好榜样11.be honored as 被誉为……12.be fond of/keen on ... 喜欢……13.be skilled in sth. 在……方面熟练14.develop an interest in 在……方面发展兴趣15.cause wide public concern 引起公众的广泛关注[经典佳句]1.The first computer was brought into the world by Vannevar Bush in 1931. From_then_on,_it has enriched people's whole life.第一台电脑是在1931年被范内瓦·布什发明的，从那时起，它丰富了人们的整体生活。
2.Their inventions have_contributed_to the development of the whole society.他们的发明促进了整个社会的发展。
3.He is_considered_as a creative scientist and people show great respect_to him.他被公认为一位极具创造力的科学家，人们非常尊重他。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions李仕才***阅读理解。
Nowadays a third of primary schoolchildren in China are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday.The problem is so bad that urgent measures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese researchers.The investigation surveyed 2, 191 pupils aged 9 to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China.Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried “a lot” about exams, 63 percent feared being punished by their teachers, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimes—with boys likelier to be victims than girls—and 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents.Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned.Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains—psychosomatic symptoms of stress—at least once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week.The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College London (UCL) Centre for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme competitiveness in China’s education system, from the onset of primary school.“The competitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms, ” the authors say.“Measures to reduce unnecessary st ress on children in schools should be introduced urgently. ”The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British Medical Association (BMA).The “urban” setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, while the “rural” setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province.The study highlights some of the complexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure.One factor is t he country’s dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created “previously unheard-of possibilities for upward mobility” and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school.Other reasons are China’s one-child policy and the Confucian traditions of respect for parents and elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline.“The aspirations of many parents, who had limited educational opportunities themselves are now invested in their only children, ” it says.Previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally come from Scandinavia.A 2008 assessment among 10-to 13-year-old in Sweden found that 21 percent of boys and 30 percent of girls experienced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced abdominal pain at least once per week.【文章大意】本文是一篇报告。
2019版高考英语一轮复习第一编教材回眸Unit 3 Inventors and inventions基础达标新人教版选修8编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2019版高考英语一轮复习第一编教材回眸Unit 3 Inventors and inventions基础达标新人教版选修8）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2019版高考英语一轮复习第一编教材回眸Unit 3 Inventors and inventions基础达标新人教版选修8的全部内容。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ。
单句语法填空1．Some people say that classical music ________（associate） only with old people.答案:is associated be associated with 。
“与……有关”。
2．Though we are living a better life, I can’t bear ________(see）food thrown away.答案:seeing can't bear doing 。
. “不能忍受做某事”。
3．What was it that distinguished her ________her classmates?答案：from distinguish ... from .。
“把……与……区分/辨别开”。
4．We must always bear in mind ________China is a big country with a huge population。
（全国通用版）2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit 3 Inventors and inventions知识要点巩固新人教版选修8编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（（全国通用版）2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit 3 Inventors and inventions知识要点巩固新人教版选修8）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为（全国通用版）2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit 3 Inventors and inventions知识要点巩固新人教版选修8的全部内容。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions"Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1．David Harris is professor of law and a distinguished（distinguish) scholar at the University of Pittsburgh。
2．Bearing(bear） a heavy burden， the single mother has to work hard to bring up her children.3．Mom drove cautiously(caution） through the snow and the children wondered what she was going to show them。
4．She argues that the sooner we set about collecting（collect) information, the more active we’ll be.5．I believe I’m competent in this job, and have wonderful performance beyond your expectation（expect)。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.阅读理解AEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle without any problems.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practical sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us”．篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。
文章以缝纫机诞生的过程及其他一些著名发明家的类似经历说明了梦境对于发明创造的价值。
1．The problem Howe was trying to solve was ________.A．what kind of thread to useB．how to design a needle which would not breakC．where to put the needleD．how to stop the thread from getting caught around the needle答案：D 细节理解题。
根据第一段第二句及第二段第五、六句中的“Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle.”可知，Howe面临的问题是如何避免线被缠绕到针上，所以答案是D。
2．Thomas Edison is spoken of because ________.A．he also tried to invent a sewing machineB．he got some of his ideas from dreamsC．he was one of Howe's best friendsD．he also had difficulty in falling asleep答案：B 细节理解题。
根据第三段前两句可知，Howe并不是唯一一个通过这种方式找到问题答案的人，爱迪生也在梦中得到灵感和创意，故选B项。
3．Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves” because ________.A．strange images are used to communicate ideasB．images which have no meaning are usedC．we can never understand the real meaningD．only specially trained people can understand them答案：A 细节理解题。
根据最后一段最后四句可知，大脑的一部分在无意识下工作，发信息到其他部分，这部分大脑使用的是一种奇怪的图像，所以答案是A。
BThe history of vacuum cleaners (真空吸尘器) in the UK dates back to the early 1900s. Hubert Cecil Booth started the first vacuum cleaner company in the UK, known as the British Vacuum Cleaner Company. It wasn't long, however, before William Henry Hoover, who had already experienced success with his vacuum cleaners in America, made headway in the vacuum cleaner market in the UK and became more successful than Booth.Hoover's vacuum cleaners in the UK became such a success that “to hoo ver” quickly became equal to vacuuming. Some of the earliest domestic vacuum cleaners in the UK used simple reusable cloth bag designs whereby the vacuum cleaner simply collected dust in the bag. Once the bag was full, you could empty and reattach it to the vacuum cleaner.For decades after their introduction, vacuum cleaners in the UK were a luxury item that only the upper class could afford. After World War Ⅱ， however, they became common among the middle class. This was especially true for vacuum cleaners in the UK, because the popularity of carpets means sweeping is not an easy or effective means of carpet cleaning.Advances to upright and cylinder (汽缸) vacuum cleaners in the UK continued, enabling vacuum cleaners to become more efficient and effective. The1990s saw the introduction of the first bagless domestic vacuum cleaners in the UK. Despite many industry fears consumers would not be prepared to pay the high price, bagless vacuum cleaners became a big success in the UK.As for the future, vacuum cleaners in the UK areexpected to become even more energyefficient.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了吸尘器的发展历史及英国市场上英美两大吸尘器企业间的竞争。
