2018年初等英语水平考试四级读写部分(天津新东方整理)

2018四级考试和答案2018年大学英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic "The Importance of Reading Classics". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【范文】The Importance of Reading ClassicsReading classics is of great significance to us. Firstly, it allows us to gain knowledge and wisdom from the past. Classics are the crystallization of human wisdom, and they provide us with a wealth of knowledge and experience. By reading classics, we can learn from the past and avoid repeating the same mistakes.Secondly, reading classics helps us to improve our language skills. Classics are often written in a beautiful and eloquent language, whichcan help us to enhance our language proficiency and express ourselves more effectively.Lastly, reading classics can cultivate our character and temperament. Many classics contain profound thoughts and ideas, which can inspire us to think deeply and become better individuals.In conclusion, reading classics is of great importance to us. It not only enriches our knowledge and wisdom but also helps us to improve our language skills and cultivate our character.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What is the news report mainly about?A) A new species of dinosaurs.B) A newly discovered dinosaur fossil.C) A new theory about dinosaur extinction.D) A new discovery about dinosaur habits.2. What did the scientists discover from the fossil?A) The dinosaur's age.B) The dinosaur's cause of death.C) The dinosaur's living environment.D) The dinosaur's diet.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. What is the main topic of the news report?A) A new policy on immigration.B) A new law on environmental protection.C) A new regulation on wildlife trade.D) A new initiative on public health.4. What was the immediate effect of the policy?A) A decrease in illegal wildlife trade.B) An increase in wildlife protection efforts.C) A rise in public awareness of wildlife issues.D) A drop in the number of endangered species.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. What is the news report mainly about?A) A new technology for solar energy.B) A new method for energy conservation.C) A new discovery in renewable energy.D) A new approach to energy production.6. What is the advantage of the new technology?A) It is cost-effective.B) It is environmentally friendly.C) It is highly efficient.D) It is widely applicable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Conversation One7. What is the man's problem?A) He can't find his appointment.B) He can't make an appointment.C) He can't cancel his appointment.D) He can't change his appointment.8. What does the woman suggest the man do?A) Call the doctor's office.B) Wait for the next available appointment.C) Visit the doctor's office in person.D) Reschedule his appointment online.9. What is the man's concern?A) He might miss his appointment.B) He might have to pay a fee.C) He might not be able to see the doctor.D) He might have to wait a long time.10. What will the woman do for the man?A) She will call the doctor's office.B) She will find another doctor for him.C) She will help him make a new appointment.D) She will check if there is a cancellation. Conversation Two11. What is the woman's opinion about the new policy?A) It is too strict.B) It is too lenient.C) It is fair.D) It is unnecessary.12. What does the man think about the new policy?A) It is effective.B) It is too harsh.C) It is reasonable.D) It is too lenient.13. What is the woman's concern about the new policy?A) It might lead to more cheating.B) It might cause more stress.C) It might lead to more complaints.D) It might cause more confusion.14. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Talk to the professor.B) Ignore the new policy.C) Voice her concerns.D) Follow the new policy.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Passage One15. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of exercise.B) The importance of a healthy diet.C) The effects of stress on health.D) The role of sleep in health.16. What does the passage suggest about sleep?A) It is more important than diet and exercise.B) It can help reduce stress and improve health.C) It is often overlooked as a health factor.D) It is not as important as diet and exercise.17. What is the relationship between sleep and stress?A) Lack of sleep can cause stress.B) Stress can lead to lack of sleep.C) Sleep and stress have no connection.D) Sleep can help reduce stress.Passage Two18. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The impact of technology on education.B) The role of technology in the workplace.C) The influence of technology on communication.D) The effects of technology on society.19. What does the passage suggest about technology?A) It has both positive and negative effects.B) It has completely changed the world.C) It has made life easier and more convenient.D) It has made life more complex and challenging.20. What is the author's opinion about technology?A) It is a double-edged sword.B) It is a necessary evil.C) It is a force for good.D) It is a threat to society.Passage Three21. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of goal setting.B) The role of motivation in success.C) The process of achieving success.D) The factors that contribute to success.22. What does the passage suggest about success?A) It requires hard work and determination.B) It is a result of luck and chance.C) It is a matter of personal perspective.D) It is a result of external factors.23. What is the relationship between goal setting and success?A) Goal setting is essential for success.B) Success is not dependent on goal setting.C) Goal setting can hinder success.D) Success is unrelated to goal setting.24. What is the author's opinion about motivation?A) It is the key to success.B) It is not important for success.C) It is more important than goal setting.D) It is less important than goal setting.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the correct word.PassageThe world is full of people who are (25) _______ to achieve great things but never do. They have plenty of (26) _______ and ability, but they are (27) _______ by their lack of ambition. They are (28) _______ to settle for mediocrity. They are (29) _______ to be content with the status quo. They are (30) _______ to take risks. They are (31) _______ to make sacrifices. They are (32) _______ to put in the hard work required to achieve success.The (33) _______ is that success is not easy. It requires (34)_______ and effort. It requires (35) _______ and determination. But itis (36) _______ that success is possible. With the right mindset and the willingness to (37) _______, anyone can achieve great things.25. A) capable B) willing C) eager D) ready26. A) dreams B) goals C) plans D) ideas27. A) limited B) held C) trapped D) confined28. A) content B) willing C) eager D) ready29. A) happy B) willing C) eager D) ready30. A) afraid B) reluctant C) scared D) hesitant31. A) afraid B) reluctant C) scared D) hesitant32. A) unable B) unwilling C) incapable D) unfit33. A) truth B) fact C) reality D) situation34. A) time B) money C) energy D) resources35. A) focus B) discipline C) organization D) structure36. A) certain B) possible C) likely D) probable37. A) try B) work C) strive D) fightSection BDirections: In this section, you will read three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information provided in the passage.Passage One38. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of self-confidence.B) The role of self-confidence in success.C) The relationship between self-confidence and success.D) The impact of self-confidence on personal growth.39. According to the passage, what is the first step to building self-confidence?A) Setting realistic goals.B) Taking action towards your goals.C) Believing in your abilities.D) Seeking feedback from others.40. What is the relationship between self-confidence and success?A) Self-confidence is a result of success.B) Success is a result of self-confidence.C) Self-confidence and success are unrelated.D) Self-confidence and success are interdependent.Passage Two41. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of exercise.B) The importance of a healthy diet.C) The effects of stress on health.D) The role of sleep in health.42. What does the passage suggest about sleep?A) It is more important than diet and exercise.B) It can help reduce stress and improve health.C) It is often overlooked as a health factor.D) It is not as important as diet and exercise.43. What is the relationship between sleep and stress?A) Lack of sleep can cause stress.B) Stress can lead to lack of sleep.C) Sleep and stress have no connection.D) Sleep can help reduce stress.Passage Three44. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of goal setting.B) The role of motivation in success.C) The process of achieving success.D) The factors that contribute to success.45. What does the passage suggest about success?A) It requires hard work and determination.B) It is a result of luck and chance.C) It is a matter of personal perspective.D) It is a result of external factors.46. What is the relationship between goal setting and success?A) Goal setting is essential for success.B) Success is not dependent on goal setting.C) Goal setting can hinder success.D) Success is unrelated to goal setting.47. What is the author's opinion about motivation?A) It is the key to success.B) It is not important for success.C) It is more important than goal setting.D) It is less important than goal setting.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着科技的发展，移动支付在中国变得越来越流行。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套)Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importanceof speaki ng ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：由于2018年6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Neon (霓虹) is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San Francisco. When night falls, red and blue and other colors 26 a hazy (雾蒙蒙的) glow over a city lit up by tens of thousands of neon signs. But many of them are going dark, 27 by more practical, but less romantic, LEDs (发光二极管).Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs have businesses embracing LEDs, which are energy 28 , but still carry great cost. "To me, neon represents memories of the past," says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city's famous signs. "Looking at the signs now I get a feeling of amazement, mixed with sadness."Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29 trained on the job to mold glass tubes into 30 shapes and letters. They fill these tubes with gases that glow when 31 . Neon makes orange, while other gases make yellow or blue. It takes many hours to craft a single sign.Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and 32 more than 60 signs; 22 of them appear in the series that capture the signs lighting up lonely streets—an 33 that makes it easy to admire their colors and craftsmanship. "I love the beautiful, handcrafted, old-fashioned 34 of neon," says Blance. The signs do nothing more than 35 a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way possible.A)alternative B) approach C) cast D) challenging E) decorativeF)efficient G) electrified H) identify I) photographed J) professionalsK) quality L) replaced M) stimulate N) symbolizes O) volunteersSection BDirections: I n this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on Students—Baring an Ethnic DivideA) This fall, David Aderhold, the chief of a high-achieving school district near Princeton, New Jersey, sent parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its students were overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too many demands. In the previous school year, 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health assessments and 40 were hospitalized. And on a survey administered by the district, students wrote things like, "I hate going to school," and "Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have learned one thing: that a grade, a percentage or even a point is to be valued over anything else."B) With his letter, Aderhold inserted West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District into a national discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it has gone too far. At follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a "whole child" approach to schooling that respects "social-emotional development" and "deep and meaningful learning" over academics alone. The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number of suicides in the last six years.C) But instead of bringing families together, Aderhold's letter revealed a divide in the district, which has 9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines. On one side are white parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter'smiddle school, who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning. "My son was in fourth grade and told me, 'I'm not going to amount to anything because I have nothing to put on my resume,'" she said. On the other side are parents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands of Asian-American professionals who have moved to the district in the past decade, who said Aderhold's reforms would amount to a "dumbing down" of his children's education. "What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that will not prepare our children for the future," Jia said.D) About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs, researchers and engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools. From the last three graduating classes, 16 seniors were admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians and students with perfect SAT scores.E) The district has become increasingly popular with immigrant families from China, India and Korea. This year, 65 percent of its students are Asian-American, compared with 44 percent in 2007. Many of them are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had a growing influence on the district. Asian-American parents are enthusiastic supporters of the competitive instrumental music program. They have been huge supporters of the district's advanced mathematics program, which once began in the fourth grade but will now start in the sixth. The change to the program, in which 90 percent of the participating students are Asian-American, is one of Aderhold's reforms.F) Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors and Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school year. With many Asian-American children attending supplementary instructional programs, there is a perception among some white families that the elementary school curriculum is being sped up to accommodate them.G) Both Asian-American and white families say the tension between the two groups has grown steadily over the past few years, as the number of Asian families has risen. But the division has become more obvious in recent months as Aderhold has made changes, including no-homework nights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier to participate in the music program.H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of the Asian American Achievement Paradox, says misunderstanding between first-generationAsian-American parents and those who have been in this country longer are common. What white middle-class parents do not always understand, she said, is how much pressure recent immigrants feelto boost their children into the middle class. "They don't have the same chances to get their children internships (实习职位) or jobs at law firms," Lee said. "So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances to excel later. "I) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recent years as schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number of suicides. West Windsor-Plainsboro has not had a teenage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, who has worked in the district for seven years and been chief for the last three years, said he had seen troubling signs. In a recent art assignments, a middle school student depicted (描绘) an overburdened child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather than an A+ , on a math exam. In the image, the mother scolds the student with the words, "Shame on you!" Further, he said, the New Jersey Education Department has flagged at least two pieces of writing on state English language assessments in which students expressed suicidal thoughts.J) The survey commissioned by the district found that 68 percent of high school honor and Advanced Placement students reported feeling stressed about school "always or most of the time." "We need to bring back some balance," Aderhold said. "You don't want to wait until it's too late to do something. "K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial lines. Karen Sue, the Chinese-American mother of a fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competition within the district has gotten out of control. Sue, who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it back. "It's become an arms race, an educational arms race," she said. "We all want our kids to achieve and be successful. The question is, at what cost"36. Aderhold is limiting the extra classes that students are allowed to take off campus.37. White and Asian-American parents responded differently to Aderhold's appeal.38. Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some students' writings.39. Aderhold's reform of the advanced mathematics program will affect Asian-American students most.40. Aderhold appealed for parents' support in promoting an all-round development of children, instead of focusing only on their academic performance.41. One Chinese-American parent thinks the competition in the district has gone too far.42. Immigrant parents believe that academic excellence will allow their children equal chances to succeed in the future.43. Many businessmen and professionals have moved to West Windsor and Plainsboro because of the public schools there.44. A number of students in Aderhold's school district were found to have stress-induced mental health problems.45. The tension between Asian-American and white families has increased in recent years.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. "While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others" One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the "teachable agent"—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty's Brain, who has been "taught" about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors' learning. The agents' questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment.46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies"A) Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.B) Better learners will become better teachers.C) Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D) Philosophical thinking improves instruction.47. What do we learn about Betty's Brain"A) It is a character in a popular animation.B) It is a teaching tool under development.C) It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D) It is a tutor for computer science students.48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors"A) It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B) It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D) It enables them to better understand their teachers.49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents"A) They motivate them to think independently.B) They ask them to design their own questions.C) They encourage them to give prompt feedback.D) They use various ways to explain the materials.50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors' learning"A) Their sense of responsibility.B) Their emotional involvement.C) The learning strategy acquired.D) The teaching experience gained.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it's easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man's world—just as middle-aged and older women do.51. What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers"A) They can get ahead only by striving harder.B) They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.C) They are generally quite optimistic about their future.D) They are better educated than their male counterparts.52. How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace"A) They are the target of discrimination.B) They find it satisfactory on the whole.C) They think it needs further improving.D) They find their complaints ignored.53. What do Millennial women value most when coming of age"A) A sense of accomplishment.B) Job stability and flexibility.C) Rewards and promotions.D) Joy derived from work.54. What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about"A) The welfare of their children.B) The narrowing of the gender gap.C) The fulfillment of their dreams in life.D) The balance between work and family.55. What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey"A) They still view this world as one dominated by males.B) They account for half the workforce in the job market.C) They see the world differently from older generations.D) They do better in work than their male counterparts.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinesein toEnglish. You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet 2.近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。

[英语四级作文]2018年6月英语四级作文真题及参考答案范文（有道考神版）【导语】2018年6月英语四级考试已结束，无忧考网四六级频道在考后特别搜集整理了2018年6月英语四级作文真题及参考答案范文(有道考神版)，仅供大家参考，祝大家顺利通过四级考试！[1]Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop it。

You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。

破题思路第一段：描述大家重视阅读的现象（此处用王菲老师“三八大盖”—现象描述功能段。

第二段：分析重视阅读的原因。

（此处用王菲老师“三八大盖”—分析原因功能段。

）第三段：提高阅读的办法。

（此处用王菲老师“三八大盖”—解决问题功能段。

）王菲“三八大盖”版参考范文Reading ability has attracted extensive attention of the society，which can be found in TV programs，newspapers，university classes and many aspects of our everyday life。

（现象/ 问题描述功能段）A number of factors are accountable for this situation。

One of the most common factors is that reading enables readers to get more problem-solving and stress-dealing tips which are indispensable both to their career and family。

2018年12月四级考试真题及答案第一部分：听力（共20小题）这部分共有20个小题，每个小题你将听到一个句子，并看到有关这个句子的三个选项。

请你从中选出与句子内容相符的选项。

A)He borrowed a pen from the girl.B)The girl lent him a pen.C)The boy gave a pen to the girl.A)The man will go to the supermarket.B)The man needs to buy some food.C)The supermarket is closed.A)She is seldom late for class.B)She arrives early for class.C)She always rushes to class.…第二部分：阅读理解（共10篇）这部分共有10篇短文，每篇短文后面有2-3个与短文内容相关的问题。

请你根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。

Passage 1Living in a big and bustling metropolis, one tends to feel isolated and lonely. This is not to say you are alone; it is the fact you are alone in a crowd. You don’t even know most of your neighbors’ names, while of those few you do know, you can hardly remember who they are. Sometimes when you do meet someone you like, it just seems you are miles apart in your interests and views. You have acquaintances but few friends, making you long to reach out and make new friends.4.According to the passage, people living in a big city often _______.A)feel alone even when surrounded by peopleB)know most of their neighbors’ namesC)have a lot of close friends5.What does the author say about meeting people in a big city?A)It is easy to find friends who share your interests and views.B)It is difficult to find people with similar interests and views.C)It is unnecessary to meet new people in a big city.…第三部分：写作（共两篇）第一篇：图表作文根据下面所给的图表和提示，描写2010年至2018年某社会现象的变化。

2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第一部分写作2018年12月大学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套)2018年12月英语四级真题写作范文(出国留学的挑战)【作文一参考范文】It is well known that due to the booming economy and increasing family income,studying abroad has become an increasingly popular choice for students.Although studying abroad is often praised by people for its advantages,there are still some disadvantages to be noticed.First of all,to study abroad is expensive.Specifically speaking,those involved have to spend a large amount of money on tuition and living expenses,which is not affordable for everyone.In addition,to study abroad is a great challenge for those students who lack the ability of living independently.If they can not take good care of themselves there,their academic performance will be affected to a large st but not least,to study abroad may exercise a negative influence on students’mentality.As we all know,to study abroad equals to stay away from family and friends for a long time,which is likely to produce some psychological problems for those students, such as being solitary and gloomy.From what has been mentioned above,we can easily come to the conclusion that the disadvantages of studying abroad can not be neglected.What’s more,those students who are planning to study abroad should make enough preparations for these problems mentioned above. Only in this way,can they have a fruitful and successful study life abroad.【参考译文】众所周知，随着经济的蓬勃发展和家庭收入的增加，出国留学已经成为越来越受学生欢迎的选择。

2018年12月大学英语四级翻译三套真题试卷解析（新东方版）Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer sheet 2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。

他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。

他们也用手机购物，查找信息，因为手机便于携带。

此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜。

然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机，事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽略了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。

【译文】More and more Chinese people can't separate from mobile phones. Many of them, including old people, use the mobile apps to stay/keep in touch and broaden their circle of friends. They also use their mobile phones to shop and find information because they are easy to carry(portable). In addition, communication using mobile apps is cheaper than traditional phones. However, this new trend has led people to rely too much on mobile phones when they socialize. In fact, some young people have become so addicted that they neglect face-to-face communication with family and friends.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。

新东方金秀秀：2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题解析写作部分(新东方版)2018年6四级作文题为the importance of reading/ writing/speaking ability and how to develop it，这次作文可以说是近几年最好写的一篇，据考后学生反馈，看到作文题都表示非常开心，因为平时上课已经多次练习了类似的作文。

接下来本文将从审题、作文考查内容和范文三方面进行四级写作解析。

首先，此次作文题目没有任何审题难度，每一个词都能读懂，几乎不可能出现跑题现象。

不同与2017年12月作文题(how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients / parents and children / teachers and students)，有同学反映handle（处理）不明白什么意思，也有同学没有注意到题中的“how to”，写作过程中没有提到具体做法，这些都可能导致跑题偏题。

去年同一时间2017年6月的考题审题难度则更大，且不说content（内容）, brand（品牌）, specifications/features（特征）, condition（状况）这些较难的词，很多基础比较薄弱的同学不认识题目要求写的advertisement（广告），可想而知最后同学写出来的普遍不理想。

而此次作文题目简单明了。

在作文考查内容方面，这次的话题（reading/writing/speaking）回归了曾经多次出现的传统话题。

和2015年12月考题非常类似—the importance of being participants/lifelong learning /listening（成为参与者/终身学习/倾听的重要性）。

更和2010年考题Due Attention should be paid to spelling（重视拼写）考察同一话题。

2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）参考答案Part I WritingIt cannot be denied that reading plays a key role in people’s growth and development in any era. The 21th century is a time of knowledge explosion and reading ability becomes increasingly important.How to develop reading ability? Based on this concrete and meaningful question, some steps should be taken. First and foremost, the main growth in your reading skill and ability will come from reading as much as you can do. Try to make a book list that you take interest in and make a practical plan. Just as the proverb goes that, “Don’t bite off more than one can chew.” Furthermore, a mastery of some reading skills is not only significant, but also indispensable. Some books are fit to do extensive reading while some others are suitable to do intensive reading. Meanwhile, other reading skills like skipping and skimming are also necessary.To conclude, reading is to humans’ spiritual world what water is to fish. Only through persistent reading can we enjoy the improvement of reading ability and learning ability.听力原文：News Report 1Kelly escaped to managed to save her car after the four-mile road came out of the driving down the high way .Rattlesnakes are poisonous and threat to the people generally. But the woman say the rattlesnake terrified her on her ways . It has big nails on th e way to pick up her friend. I don’t know when my hands on my steer or not. But I can guarantee myself. She said the snake the was first under the seat until she could get out of the high way. Here he comes, the snake tries to find its road and get out of the car. Kelly called for help and, Washington control animal office would capture the snake.Q1:How did Kelly feel when she first came across the Rattlesnake?答案：-She was terrified.Q2:What does the report say about the Rattlesnake?答案：-It is poisonous and threatening.News report 2:(3)Fast food turns out isn’t quite as fast as it used to be. A new study finds that MacDonald posts its slowest drives through times since this survey was first inducted fifty years ago. As MacDonald’s, customers were spent on average three minutes and nine seconds from the time they placed their orders until they were receive their food. About ten seconds more, they began to straight average and lots slower than the decade ago, according to the study, which was commissioned by QSR, an industry trade publication, and MacDonald wasn’t alone in slowing down. Other changes also saw their drive through performance slowing down. (4)Among the reasons for the slower surveys, today there aremore choices on the menu, and products themselves are more complex and take longer to prepare. Speed, of course, is essential to the drive through experience, and drive through are hugely important to choose such as MacDonald, Burger King, and Tucle Bell. Usually, the drive through accounts for sixty to seventy percent of all business that goes through a fast food restaurant, notes Song Ochers, editor of QSR. Of course, consumers also want their orders to prepare correctly and on that score, Ochers says accuracy is still really high.3.What is news report mainly about?答案：-The Fast food turns out isn’t quite as fast as it used to be.4.What has slow down MacDonald drive through service?答案：- More choices on the menu, products are more complex and take longer to prepare.News Report 3The first private mission outside of the earth orbit is closed to many of our think. U.S. government officials outset to approve a mission by privately held space company-Moon Express to travel outside of the earth orbit in late 2017. Moon express’s mission involves plans to land a suitcase-size package of scientific equipment on the moon for on-going exploration on commercial development. The decision involved amounts of lobbying and coordinative conversations between a number of factual agencies. On the international treaties, US is responsible for the cargo of both public and private space craft .This makes commercial space travel a complex legal issue not just domestically but abroad. A Moon Express representative declined to comment on the story. But noted that the company is very optimistic about its proposal. Moon express is not the only company seeking for the right to travel to out space. Elon Musk’s space X aims to send an manned aircraft to Mars by 20185. What is the news report mainly about?答案：The first private mission6. What is the Moon Express planning to do?答案：To land a suitcase size package of scientific equipment on the moon for exploration.7. what does Moon Express think of its mission?Part IV TranslationIn recent years, more cities in China have begun to build subways in a bid to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. A growing number of people choose subway as the main means of transportation to work or school every day to enjoy its advantages of safety, speed and comfort.Nowadays, taking the subway is becoming increasingly convenient in China, for passengers in some cities simply use their cards or mobile phones to take the subway and many local elderly citizens can also take it for free.2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）参考答案Part I WritingWhen it comes to learning a language, whether it be the mother tongue or a foreign one, the importance of four language abilities cannot be overemphasized, which include listening ability, speaking ability, reading ability and writing ability. Especially, the capability of writing has gained great attention during the process of leaning a language.A person in possession with good writing ability will have benefits on various fronts listed below. For one thing, excellent wiring ability is beneficial to people’s logical think and analytic ability. This is due to the fact that in order to create a good layout of an essay, we have to collect and arrange a sea of writing materials systematically, during which logicality is gradually cultivated. For another, excellent ability of writing makes good contribution to strengthening the usage of words and enlarging our vocabulary. The more you write, the larger vocabulary you will have.Effective and efficient measures should be taken to develop our wiring ability. As the process of output, good writing ability are in need of rich accumulation and therefore we should increase our awareness of spending more time on reading, increasing our language expression ability and accumulating materials as much as possible.Part IV TranslationIn the past, traveling by plane was unimaginable for most Chinese people. With the economic development and the improved living standards, more Chinese people, including many farmersand migrant workers, afford to travel by air. They can fly to all major cities, and many cities are also planning to build airports. Aviation services are constantly improving and special fares are often available. In recent years, there have been increasing numbers of people choosing to travel by air during holidays.2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）参考答案Part I WritingThe booming development of economy and society has made it both possible and necessary for us to speak to a large number of people even in just one day. Therefore, speaking ability is becoming increasingly crucial in our daily life.In my eyes, two aspects can be explored to illustrate the above-mentioned point. For one thing, excellent speaking ability is beneficial for leaving a good impression on others, which will contribute to building a harmonious relationship in our general routine of everyday living. For another, this ability proves to be the first step to establish oneself in the fiercely competitive workplace, especially in the service industry. Those who boast outstanding speaking skills tend to win customers’ trust and thus obtain better work performance. On the contrary, those who are poor at speaking are inclined to do less well in dealing with customers.In light of what has been argued so far, speaking ability does matter a lot in our work and daily life. Therefore, schools are supposed to organize more relevant competitions and activities or even open some related courses to cultivate their students’ speaking ability.Part II Listening Comprehension注意：听力一共两套题，故第三套答案略Part IV TranslationBuses used to be the main means of transportation for Chinese people. In recent years, due to the continuous increase in the number of private cars, the traffic problems in cities have become more serious. Many cities have been trying to improve the service quality of buses in order to encourage more people to travel by bus. The facilities of the vehicles are constantly updated and the speed significantly improved, but the bus fare still remains quite low. Now, in most cities, many local elderly citizens can take buses for free.。

2018年6月英语四级第一套卷真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance ofspeaking/writing/reading ability and how to develop it。

You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。

［参考范文］It cannot be denied that reading plays a key role in people’s growth and development in any era。

The 21th century is a time of knowledge explosion and reading ability becomes increasingly important。

How to develop reading ability？Based on this concrete and meaningful question，some steps should be taken。

First and foremost，the main growth in your reading skill and ability will come from reading as much as you can do。

Try to make a book list that you take interest in and make apractical plan。

Just as the proverb goes that，“Don’t bite off more than one can chew。

2018年6月英语四级考试真题及考试答案（卷二）【写作】【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. 120-180 words.【答案】Writing is a skill tested in all major standardized educational tests, including CET-4/6, TOEFL, IELTS, and so on. But there has been no shortage of reports from different sources that a large proportion of students, especially college students, have ill-performed writing skills, earning relatively low scores in tests as well as on school assignments.In my opinion, writing is a crucial skill for students. It is a reliable way by which one impart knowledge, suggest plans, fight for one’s idea, refute a theory, and many other purposes. So if you are good at writing, then you are able to fulfill the tasks above mentioned more effectively. Besides, noted writes, be they novelists, poets or editors-in-chief enlighten every generation of readers with new experiences. That’s why readers today still discuss on and share their opinions on great books such as A Dream in Red Mansions.In a nutshell, few skills are more important than writing in the current society. So my suggest would be that every one, college students particular, takes time to hone writing skills, get more practice in it, so that we can live up to the social expectation of becoming socialist successors.【解析】第一段提出问题，第二段描述事实，第三段得出结论或给出建议。

2018年四级试卷完整版第一部分：听力理解（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）Part I: Listening Comprehension (20 questions, 1 point each, total 20 points)本部分共有20个小题，你将听到一段对话和两篇独白，每段对话和独白听两遍。

请根据听到的内容选择正确答案。

1. A. Taking a photograph. B. Reading a book. C. Watching a movie. D.Listening to music.2. A. In a library. B. In a coffee shop. C. In a bookstore. D. In a classroom.3. A. 3 hours. B. 4 hours. C. 5 hours. D. 6 hours.4. A. In a hotel. B. In a restaurant. C. In a travel agency. D. In a post office.5. A. A new teacher. B. A new student. C. A new employee. D. A newcustomer.（以下省略）第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）Part II: Reading Comprehension (20 questions, 2 points each, total 40 points)本部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。

请根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

Passage 1 Many students choose to study abroad for various reasons. Studying abroad allows students to experience a different culture, develop independence, and enhance their language skills. However, studying abroad can also be challenging. Students may have to adapt to a new education system, make new friends, and deal with homesickness.6.What are some benefits of studying abroad? A. Experiencing adifferent culture. B. Developing independence. C. Enhancing language skills. D.All of the above.7.What is one challenge of studying abroad? A. Adapting to a neweducation system. B. Making new friends. C. Dealing with homesickness. D. All of the above.（以下省略）第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）Part III: Writing (2 sections, total 40 points)本部分共有两节。

2018年天津市初等英语等级考试二级第⼀部分 读写I. Choose the best answer选择最佳答案，并按题号顺序将答案转涂到答题卡上（ ）1. Let’s____ the piano together.A、playingB、 playC、 plays（ ）2.What are you doing ____ there？A、 onB、 atC、 over（ ）3.A: ____one do you like?B: I like the blue one.A、 WhatB、 WhichC、 Where （ ）4.The old woman is telling the child ____interesting story.A、 aB、 anC、 a few（ ）5.A: What’s the panda’s name?B: ____ name is Panpan.A、 ItsB、 YourC、 My（ ）6.____ is on the first day of June.A、 Father’s DayB、 Labour DayC、Children’s Day （ ）7.A: What about ____ boating in the Water Park?B: Great!A、 goingB、 goC、 goes（ ）8. ____ nice kite it is.A、 HowB、 WhatC、 What a （ ）9.I ____ to Beijing last week.A、 moveB、 movedC、 am moving （ ）10.A: May I borrow your dictionary?B: ____.A、 Certainly.You can borrow one from others.B、 Sorry, It’s not here now.C、 Ok, thank you very much.II．Cloze test选择最佳答案，完成短⽂，并按题号顺序将答案转涂到答题卡上You may see some kangaroos 11 TV or in some books. Their homeland(家乡) is 12 . There are many, many kangaroos here. Kangaroos have very strong legs, so they are good at 13 . Their tails are very strong, too. So when they want to have a rest, they sit on their 14 . A 15 kangaroo has a pocket in her belly(肚⼦). She can keep her baby in it.11. A、 on B、 in C、 at12. A、 Australia B、 China C、 America13. A、 jump B、 jumps C、 jumping14. A、 legs B、 tails C、 heads15. A、 brother B、 mother C、 fatherIII. Reading comprehension 阅读理解ALook at the picture and mark T or F判断下⾯句⼦的意思是否与所给图⽚相符，相符的⽤T 表⽰，不符的⽤F 表⽰，并按题号顺序将答案转涂到答题卡上。

2018年天津市初等英语等级考试三级Part One Structure 基础语法 ⼀．Choose the best answer选择最佳答案，并按题号顺序将答案转涂到答题卡上。

1. I read ___interesting book yesterday. I borrowed it from___school library.A. an; aB. a; aC. a; theD. an; the2. ---Alice, we have ___bread at home.---No worry. I’ll go and buy some.A.a littleB. a fewC. littleD. few3. ---Nancy, please pass the book ___Bill.---OK.A.toB. forC. ofD. from4. ---Do you mind leading me your laptop, Lucy?---___I’m using it now.A. Yes, I do.B. I’m sorry.C. No, go ahead.D. Of course not.5. ---Where is Jim?---He ___his friends over there.A. talk withB. talks withC. will talk withD. is talking with6. ---Could I swim here, Miss Yang?---No, ___. It’s dangerous to swim here.A. you couldn’tB. you mustn’tC. you needn’tD. you may not7. ---Hi, Mary. I hear you have a new house. What’s in your garden? ---There ___a big tree and some flowers there.A. isB. areC. hasD. have8. In the reading-room, we can’t talk loudly and we can’t eat there ___.A. alsoB. tooC. eitherD. as well9. ---___does it take your mother to cook breakfast every day?---About 15 minutes.A. How farB. How longC. How oftenD. How much10. ---I’d like to do something relaxing this afternoon.--- ___ watching a movie.A. Shall weB. Why notC. Would you likeD. What aboutPart Two Reading 阅读理解⼆．Cloze 选择最佳答案完成短⽂，并按题号顺序将答案转涂到答题卡上。

Part. I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II. Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2018年6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Neon (霓虹) is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San Francisco. When night falls, red and blue and other colors 26 a hazy (雾蒙蒙的) glow over a city lit up by tens of thousands of neon signs. But many of them are going dark, 27 by more practical, but less romantic, LEDs (发光二极管).Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs have businesses embracing LEDs, which are energy 28 , but still carry great cost. "To me, neon represents memories of the past," says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city's famous signs. "Looking at the signs now I get a feeling of amazement, mixed with sadness."Building a neon sign is an art practiced by 29 trained on the job to mold glass tubes into 30 shapes and letters. They fill these tubes with gases that glow when 31 . Neon makes orange, while other gases make yellow or blue. It takes many hours to craft a single sign.Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and 32 more than 60 signs; 22 of them appear in the series that capture the signs lighting up lonely streets—an 33 that makes it easy to admire their colors and craftsmanship. "I love the beautiful, handcrafted, old-fashioned 34 of neon," says Blance. The signs do nothing more than 35 a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way possible.A) alternative B) approach C) cast D) challenging E) decorative F) efficient G) electrified H) identify I) photographed J) professionals K) quality L) replaced M) stimulate N) symbolizes O) volunteersSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.New Jersey School District Eases Pressure on Students—Baring an Ethnic DivideA) This fall, David Aderhold, the chief of a high-achieving school district near Princeton, New Jersey, sent parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its students were overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too many demands. In the previous school year, 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health assessments and 40 were hospitalized. And on a survey administered by the district, students wrote things like, "I hate going to school," and "Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have learned one thing: that a grade, a percentage or even a point is to be valued over anything else."B) With his letter, Aderhold inserted West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District into a national discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it has gone too far. At follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a "whole child" approach to schooling that respects "social-emotional development" and "deep and meaningful learning" over academics alone. The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number of suicides in the last six years.C) But instead of bringing families together, Aderhold's letter revealed a divide in the district, which has 9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines. On one side are white parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter's middle school, who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning. "My son was in fourth grade and told me, 'I'm not going to amount to anything because I have nothing to put on my resume,'" she said. On the other side are parents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands of Asian-American professionals who have moved to the district in the past decade, who said Aderhold's reforms would amount to a "dumbing down" of his children's education. "What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that will not prepare our children for the future," Jia said.D) About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs, researchers and engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools. From the last three graduating classes, 16 seniors were admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians and students with perfect SAT scores.E) The district has become increasingly popular with immigrant families from China, India and Korea. This year, 65 percent of its students are Asian-American, compared with 44 percent in 2007. Many of them are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had a growing influence on the district. Asian-American parents are enthusiastic supporters of the competitive instrumental music program. They have been huge supporters of the district's advanced mathematics program, which once began in the fourth grade but will now start in the sixth. The change to the program, in which 90 percent of the participating students areAsian-American, is one of Aderhold's reforms.F) Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors and Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school year. With many Asian-American children attending supplementary instructional programs, there is a perception among some white families that the elementary school curriculum is being sped up to accommodate them.G) Both Asian-American and white families say the tension between the two groups has grown steadily over the past few years, as the number of Asian families has risen. But the division has become more obvious in recent months as Aderhold has made changes, including no-homework nights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier to participate in the music program.H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of the Asian American Achievement Paradox, says misunderstanding between first-generation Asian-American parents and those who have been in this country longer are common. What white middle-class parents do not always understand, she said, is how much pressure recent immigrants feel to boost their children into the middle class. "They don't have the same chances to get their children internships (实习职位) or jobs at law firms," Lee said. "So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances to excel later. "I) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recent years as schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number of suicides. West Windsor-Plainsboro has not had a teenage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, who has worked in the district for seven years and been chief for the last three years, said he had seen troubling signs. In a recent art assignments, a middle school student depicted (描绘) an overburdened child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather than an A+ , on a math exam. In the image, the mother scolds the student with the words, "Shame on you!" Further, he said, the New Jersey Education Department has flagged at least two pieces of writing on state English language assessments in which students expressed suicidal thoughts.J) The survey commissioned by the district found that 68 percent of high school honor and Advanced Placement students reported feeling stressed about school "always or most of the time." "We need to bring back some balance," Aderhold said. "You don't want to wait until it's too late to do something. "K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial lines. Karen Sue, the Chinese-American mother of a fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competition within the district has gotten out of control. Sue, who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it back. "It's become an arms race, an educational arms race," she said. "We all want our kids to achieve and be successful. The question is, at what cost?"36. Aderhold is limiting the extra classes that students are allowed to take off campus.37. White and Asian-American parents responded differently to Aderhold's appeal.38. Suicidal thoughts have appeared in some students' writings.39. Aderhold's reform of the advanced mathematics program will affect Asian-American students most.40. Aderhold appealed for parents' support in promoting an all-round development of children, instead of focusing only on their academic performance.41. One Chinese-American parent thinks the competition in the district has gone too far.42. Immigrant parents believe that academic excellence will allow their children equal chances to succeed in the future.43. Many businessmen and professionals have moved to West Windsor and Plainsboro because of the public schools there.44. A number of students in Aderhold's school district were found to have stress-induced mental health problems.45. The tension between Asian-American and white families has increased in recent years. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. "While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the "teachable agent"—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty's Brain, who has been "taught" about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors' learning. The agents' questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, andwatching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment.46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A) Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.B) Better learners will become better teachers.C) Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D) Philosophical thinking improves instruction.47. What do we learn about Betty's Brain?A) It is a character in a popular animation.B) It is a teaching tool under development.C) It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D) It is a tutor for computer science students.48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?A) It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B) It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D) It enables them to better understand their teachers.49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents?A) They motivate them to think independently.B) They ask them to design their own questions.C) They encourage them to give prompt feedback.D) They use various ways to explain the materials.50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors' learning?A) Their sense of responsibility.B) Their emotional involvement.C) The learning strategy acquired.D) The teaching experience gained.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it's easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace,compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man's world—just as middle-aged and older women do.51. What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?A) They can get ahead only by striving harder.B) They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.C) They are generally quite optimistic about their future.D) They are better educated than their male counterparts.52. How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?A) They are the target of discrimination.B) They find it satisfactory on the whole.C) They think it needs further improving.D) They find their complaints ignored.53. What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?A) A sense of accomplishment.B) Job stability and flexibility.C) Rewards and promotions.D) Joy derived from work.54. What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?A) The welfare of their children.B) The narrowing of the gender gap.C) The fulfillment of their dreams in life.D) The balance between work and family.55. What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?A) They still view this world as one dominated by males.B) They account for half the workforce in the job market.C) They see the world differently from older generations.D) They do better in work than their male counterparts.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。

2018年天津市初等英语等级考试五级Part one Reading阅读理解I.Cloze选择最佳答案，完成短文，并按题号顺序将答案涂到答题卡上。

I am20years old and work at nursing home.Going back home late every night,I never feel bored with my job,because I know that I have__1__someone’s heart.One night while I was on duty,I was talking with a76-year-old lady named Retta.We were having a conversation about the mystery meat dinner__2__she stopped suddenly.She had a fixed look on her face and tears in her eyes.When I asked her what was__3__,she just smiled and took my hand.She then drifted into sleep.When I returned after a while to give a snack to Retta who had woken up,she watched me like we would__4__see each other again.Then out of nowhere she spoke,"You are my__5__.You treat me as though we were a__6__.You have given me__7__in my last days here.Don't cry when I am gone.I will watch over you while I am in heaven."I was so touched that my tears were falling.I told Retta how much that meant to me and kissed her good night.I was off the next night.When l returned to work,I was met with the__8__news that Retta had__9__.With a broken heart,I attended her funeral.After that,I began to realize that I shouldn’t be upset.Retta inspired me.I think of her every morning when I prepare to go to work.Because of Retta,I am more and more devoted to my job.She will be in my__10__forever.1.A.hurt B.followed C.broken D.touched2.A.after B.when C.as D.while3.A.wrong B.good C.perfect D.right4.A.ever B.even C.never D.yet5.A.partner B.manager C.leader D.angel6.A.family B.group C.team D.unit7.A.knowledge B.money C.medicine D.joy8.A.welcome B.bad C.wonderful D.good9.A.flown away B.passed away C.walked away D.run away10.A.garden B.home C.heart D.dreamAMany students think that learning a new language is very difficult.Now think how difficult it is to learn English when your brain is only the size of a bird's brain!That's what some birds can do.Many different kinds of birds can copy the sounds of a language. African grey parrots are best known for this.Every December in London,the National Cage and Aviary Bird Show tries to find the best"talking"bird in the world.One bird named Prudle stood out among the"talking birds".She won this prize for 12years from1965to1976.Prudle was taken from her nest in Uganda in1958.She was sold to Iris Frost in Seaford,England.Prudle knew almost800words in English.Prudle was also the oldest bird in the world that lived in a cage. Ms.Frost took care of the bird until Prudle died in1994.Prudle was 35years old.A different kind of bird,not a parrot,named Puck was tested in 1993.It turned out that Puck knew more English words than Prudle knew.Puck knew more than1,700words.If a bird can do it,anybody can do it.11.What kind of birds is the most famous for speaking?A.African grey parrots.B.English parrots.C.The birds in cages.D.The birds with big brains.12.What does the underlined expression"stood out"mean in this passage?A.扬长而去B.不寒而栗C．挺身而出D．脱颖而出13.How many years did Prudle win the speaking competition for birds?A．8yearsB．12yearsC．35yearsD．55years14.Why was Puck better than Prudle?A.Because it spoke faster.B.Because it was bigger.C.Because it could fly higher.D.Because it knew more words15.Who was Ms.Frost?A.A parrot.B.Puck's owner.C.Prudle's owner.D.An English teacherBHundreds of years ago,no dandelions(蒲公英)grew in North America.Then some European people came here. They had dandelion seeds on their clothes.The seeds fell from their clothes onto the ground.Since then,dandelions have spread all over.Most people believe that dandelions are weeds.They do not want them in their gardens.But some people think that dandelion flowers are pretty.And others think that dandelions taste good.They cook dandelion leaves or put them into a fresh salad.The leaves must be picked beforethe flowers come out or they will not taste good.Some people make dandelion flowers into wine.Dandelions do not die easily.If the winter is not very cold,their leaves may stay green.When the spring arrives,their flowers come out.Each night their bright yellow flowers close up.When the sun shines next day,they open up again.Dandelion flowers are very unusual.They do not have to get pollen(花粉) from another dandelion in order to form seeds.So after several days,the yellow flower turns white and soft.A tiny brown seed forms at the bottom of each white petal(花瓣). When the wind blows,the petals float away.Each white petal carries a seed away.This lets the dandelions spread their seeds all over.New dandelions grow where the seeds land.16.Where did dandelions come from?A．Asia. B.South Africa.C.Europe.D.North America.17.What does the underlined word"weeds"mean?A.Pretty flowers.B.Fresh vegetables.C．Wild plants. D.Green trees. 18.When is the best time to pick dandelion leaves to eat?A.Before their flowers come out.B.After their flowers turn white.C.After their flowers come out.D.Before their flowers close up.19.What do we know about the dandelions from the passage?A.Some people make dandelion leaves into wine.B.Dandelions get pollen from another dandelion.C.If the winter is freezing,their leaves may stay green.D.People cook dandelion leaves or put them into a fresh salad.20.Where does the passage probably come from?A.A travel guide.B.A magazine on wild animals and plants.C.A report on culture.D.A program for English learning.CMy house is mode of wood,glass and stone.It is also made of software.If you come to visit,you'll probably be surprised when you come in.someone will give you an electronic PIN to wear. This PIN tells the house who and where you are.Thehouse uses this information to give you what you need. When it's dark outside,the PIN turns on the lights nearest to you,and then turns them off as you leave them.Music moves with you,too.If the house knows your favorite music,it plays a piece.The music seems to be everywhere, but in fact other people in the house hear different music or no music.If you get a telephone call,only the nearest telephone rings.Of course,you can also tell the house if you want something.There is a home control console,a small machine that turns things on and off around you.The PIN and the console are new ideas,but they are in fact like many things we have today.If you want to go to a movie,you need a ticket.If I give you my car key,you can use my car.The car works for you because you have the key.My house works for you because you wear the PIN or hold the console.I believe that ten years from now,most new houses will have the systems that I've put in my house.The system will probably be even bigger and better than the ones I have in my house today.I like to try new ideas.I know that some of my ideas will work better than others.But1hope that one day I will stop regarding these systems as new,and ask myself instead, "How did I live without them?"21.When you come into the author's house;you'll probably be_____?A.worriedB.sadC.surprisedD.nervous22.What do you need if you come to visit the author's house?A.An electronic PIN.B.A car key.C.A movie ticket.D.A telephone.23.What is the purpose of Paragraph4?A.To let readers know how big his house is.B.To let readers know that he has a new house.C.To explain how to go to a movie.D.To explain the functions of the PIN and the console.24.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.A new movie systemB.A home for the future.C.A home control console.D.A happy life in the future25.According to the passage,what does the author probably do?A.An IT expert.B.A famous doctor.C.A basketball player.D.An experienced teacher.III.Read the passage and complete the sentences with no more than five words.根据短文内容填空，完成句子，没空不超过5词，并按题号顺序将答案转写到答题卡上。

【导语】2018年12⽉英语四级考试已结束，四六级频道在考后特别整理了2018年12⽉英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（新东⽅在线版），仅供⼤家参考，祝⼤家顺利通过四级考试！ 今年四级考试在阅读这个版块⾥，总体难度仍然呈较为平稳的发展态势。

⽆论是选词填空、长篇阅读还是仔细阅读，与在四级课堂上讲到的解题技巧都有很⾼的契合度。

⾸先⼀起来谈谈选词填空这个题型。

总的来说，考点仍然是课堂上反复跟⼤家强调的，⽤我们上课讲到的快速解题法则很快能得到正确答案。

⾸先第⼀步分析选项词性。

今年名词考2个，动词考5个，形容词考1个，副词2个。

如此⼀来，我们很快把15选1缩⼩到了最多是7选1，最少的情况是1选1。

另外，请注意，名词通过单复数，动词通过时态和⾮谓语动词还可以进⼀步缩⼩范围。

选词填空答案如下： 26. F Damage 27. B associated 28 .M sources 29 .D constant 30 .G described 31 .E control 32 .H equals 33 .K regularly 34. I exclusively 35 .O vehicles 长篇阅读难度持平，⽤定位法则快速找定位即可，特别要注意的是题⼲中只出现的⼤写专有名词、数字、时间、连词符和只出现过⼀次的表达。

今年的匹配题⽐较难，少数题⼲出现了同义替换的现象，⼤多数还是按照我们说的⽤到的是类似的表达和词性的替换。

匹配题答案如下： 36-40 DBGFI 41-45 FCJEG 36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced 37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores. 38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses. 39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily. 40.Training a patient to prepare healthy fod can change their life. 41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patientshow to cook it. 42. Scott is nat keen on cooking food herself thinking it would simply be a waste of time43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food ing food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway these days. 45. Americans high rates of various illesses result from the way they eat. 再来谈谈仔细阅读部分。

2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷三(完整版) Part I Writing(30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)说明:2018年6月大学英语四级真题听力两套，本套听力内容与前两套重复，不在给出。

PartⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Since the 1940s,southern California has had a reputation for smog.Things are not as bad as they once were but,according to the American Lung Association,Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of(26)______.Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center,an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains,one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze(霾）.Nor is the state's bad air(27)_______to its south.Fresno,in the central valley,comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution.Residents'hearts and lungs are affected as a(28)_______.All of which,combined with California's reputation as the home of technological(29)_______,makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in(30)_______.And that is just what Aclima,a new firm in San Francisco,has been doing over the past few months.It has been trying out monitoring stations that are(31)_______to yield minute-to-minute maps of(32)_______air pollution.Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings,including offices.To this end,Aclima has been(33)_______with Google's Street View system.Davida Herzl,Aclima's boss,says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco's transit workers went on strike and the city's(34)_______were forced to use their cars.Conversely,“cycle work”days have done to their job by(35)_______pollution lows.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2018年6月四级考试真题（第三套）PartⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension说明：2018年6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。

本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样算了，故在本套中再也不重复给出。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was 27 . During this renovation the building’s owners, CIS, 28 the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest 29 of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large 30 has never been repeated since.Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was 31 overtaken by the Millbank Tower.Green buildings like this aren’t 32 cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy 33 through fossil fuels. As solar panels get 34 , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of 35 , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choosea paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answerthe questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework A) Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that’s replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.B) The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.C) But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digitalsystems are essentially impossible to avoid.D) “When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断), a new way to lock students around this system,” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the . Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250(for a print textbook) you’re paying $120,” said Senack. “But because it’s all digital it eliminates the used book marke t and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”E) Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2021—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It’s a balancing act,” she said. “Can I really afford these access codes now?” She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.G) The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2021. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in2021 “was derived from digital products.”H) A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investmen t” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”I) The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren’t just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can’t do with print homework assignments.”J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. “I try to make things as inexpensive as possible,” said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I’m giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”K) A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professordidn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. “That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semester’s books. With an access code, you’re out of that money.”L) Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it wou ld affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.M) Harper, a poultry (家禽) science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can’t be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.N) She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. “We don’t really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it’s not fun.”36. A student’s yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for twomonths.37. The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.38. If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submittheir assignments.39. McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.40. Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, whichthey believe will be the future of the publishing business.41. One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to thehigh tuition.42. Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed booksaccording to a publisher.43. One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for herpart-time job.44. Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of theirexpertise for their students.45. Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbookbusiness.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “W hile we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. Bu t how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids, Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated(动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been“taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questions compel student tutors to th ink and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate lea rning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A) Seneca’s thinking is still applicable today.B) Better learners will become better teachers.C) Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D) Philosophical thinking improves instruction.47. What do we learn about Betty’s Brain?A) It is a character in a popular animation.B) It is a teaching tool under development.C) It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D) It is a tutor for computer science students.48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?A) It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B) It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D) It enables them to better understand their teachers.49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents?A) They motivate them to think independently.B) They ask them to design their own questions.C) They encourage them to give prompt feedback.D) They use various ways to explain the materials.50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors’ learning?A) Their sense of responsibility. C) The learning strategy acquired.B) Their emotional involvement. D) The teaching experience gained. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial(千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and valuesabout work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2021. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.51. What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?A) They can get ahead only by striving harder.B) They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.C) They are generally quite optimistic about their future.D) They are better educated than their male counterparts.52. How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?A) They are the target of discrimination. C) They think it needs further improving.B) They find it satisfactory on the whole. D) They find their complaints ignored.53. What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?A) A sense of accomplishment. C) Rewards and promotions.B) Job stability and flexibility. D) Joy derived from work.54. What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?A) The welfare of their children. C) The fulfillment of their dreams in life.B) The narrowing of the gender gap. D) The balance between work and family.55. What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2021 survey?A) They still view this world as one dominated by males.B) They account for half the workforce in the job market.C) They see the world differently from older generations.D) They do better in work than their male counterparts.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.最近几年来，中国有愈来愈多的城市开始建设地铁。