2019河北省中考五年命题规律+练习(专题5：介词和介词短语)
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专题五介词和介词短语河北中考五年命题规律及趋势考纲要求介词和介词短语考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值介词辨析201928 with表工具at/into/on/with1分201928 时间介词in/on/to/by 1分固定搭配201928 固定搭配at/as/for/with1分201928 固定搭配in/at/on/for 1分201954 介词短语at last/atmost/at__first/at least1分介词是河北中考单项选择的必考点，主要考查介词的固定搭配，如：write with(用……写)，at age＋数字(在……岁时)，be different from(不同于……)。
同时也注重on的基本用法，如：on表时间、方位、方向等，同时涉及on与其他介词的辨析，如in，at，for，to，by，of等。
设题形式多为简单句，以两个分句居多，词数为9－12。
另外，完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析，如：with表伴随，from表来源，like表列举，同时涉及其他介词的辨析，如above，under，for，into，of等。
此外，也涉及到了介词的固定搭配，如：on the right(在右边)，think about(考虑)等。
预测2019年河北中考的单项选择仍会与2019年保持一致，对介词考查不会有太大变化。
河北中考重难点突破介词【满分点拨】一、时间介词的辨析和用法1．at，on，in介词用法举例at时间的某一时刻，即：具体的“点”。
at half past ten在十点半at one o'clock在一点某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天)。
at Christmas在圣诞节at the Spring Festival在春节习惯用法和固定搭配。
at last在最后at first起初at lunch在午饭时间at noon在中午at night在晚上at the age of在……岁时at the end of在……最后on表示具体的某日(月份或星期)。
on September 1st 在9月1号on Mondays/weekdays在星期一/工作日表示某个特定的上午、下午、晚上。
on Saturday morning/afternoon在周六早上/下午；on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨具体(限定)的日子或节日的当天。
on National Day在国庆节on Christmas Day在圣诞节in较长的一段时间(如：世纪、年代、季节、月份等)。
in the 21 century在21世纪in 2009在2009年in summer在夏季in July of 2019在2019年7月泛指在上下午、傍晚、白天等。
in the morning/afternoon/evening/day在上午/下午/晚上/白天习惯搭配。
in the futur e在将来in the end最后in class在课堂上in a minute一分钟后口诀记忆年月周前要用in，具体日子却不行；遇到几号要用on，上午下午又用in；要说某日上下午，用on替换in才行；午夜黄昏和黎明，只用at不用in，at也在时分前。
2．in，after，before介词用法举例in “in＋时间段”表示“(将来)……以后”。
They will finish the work in anhour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。
after与将来时连用表示“……之后”，后接时间点。
He'll come back after two o'clock.他两点后将回来。
与过去时连用表示“……之后”，后接时间段。
He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国返回了。
before 表示“在……之前”。
Wash hands before dinner.饭前要洗手。
二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法1．at，in，on介词用法例句at用于较小的场所前(如：建筑物，公共机关等)。
at home在家at the station在车站用于门牌号码前。
at 403 Avenue Street在403林荫街道in用于较大的地方前(如：国家、城市、乡镇、地域等)。
in the city在城市in Guilin在桂林in China在中国在周围的环境是立体的地方(即：)。
in a forest在森林里in the classroom在教室里用于某些习语中。
in the sky在天空上in space在空间on与……表面相接触(即：)。
on the floor在地板上在任何广阔的面上。
on the farm/moon在农场/在月亮上2.over，under，above，below介词用法图示例句over “在……正上方”，表示两者不接触。
We can build a bridgeover the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。
under “在……正下方”，表示两者不接触。
My cat is lying underthe chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
above “在……的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。
The plane is flyingabove the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
below “在……的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。
The coat reaches belowthe knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。
三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法介词用法例句with 后跟具体的工具，与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语，指“借助于，用”，后面跟人称代词时表示“和……一起”，表示伴随状况，在句中做状语。
此外，with还可以表示“带有，具有”。
I often do my home work with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。
in表示使用某种语言，用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料，在名词前不加冠词。
Can you say it in English？你能用英语说吗？Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它写下来。
by 表示某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词。
This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。
on 表示借助、通过某一器械、机器，在名词前一般加定冠词the。
I could do all my work on thecomputer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。
四、其他常见介词的用法1．over “遍及；超过”如：There are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。
My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。
2．against“反对”如：We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们跟他们比赛。
3．into“在……里”如：Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进教室。
4．from“从……”如：We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上学。
5．for“为，给”如：Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。
6．of“……的”如：a map of China一幅中国地图7．without“没有”如：He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。
8．to“给，对，到，往”如：go to school上学；give a kite to me把风筝给我；from here to the park从这里到公园【考点抢测】( C )1.(2019石家庄42中模拟)It is really terrible ________ me to wait for a long time ________ a rainy night. A．of；on B．of；atC．for；on D．for；at( A )2.(2019石家庄18县市大联考)—Would you like some coffee?—Ye s，and please get me some milk.I prefer coffee ________ milk.A．with B．toC．of D．for( D )3.(2019裕华区中考模拟)—What are Japanese supposed to do when they meet ________ first time? —They are supposed to bow.A．for B．onC．among D．at( B )4.(2019石家庄28中模拟)We should thank our moms every day，not just ________ Mother's Day. A．in B．onC．to D．by( B )5.(2019邯郸升学一模)Our future depends ________ ourselves.A．at B．onC．in D．for( A )6.(2019桥西区中考模拟)I don't want to miss seeing that film ________ television tonight. A ．on B ．at C ．in D ．with( B )7.(2019张家口9中模拟)Most of my classmates go to school ______ bike. A ．at B ．by C ．on D ．in介词短语【满分点拨】介词 ＋ 名词at home 在家里；at school 在学校；at noon 在中午；at night 在晚上；at work 在工作；at sea 在大海上；at the same time 同时；at times 有时；at breakfast 早餐时；at midnight 在午夜；at the moment 在此刻；after a while 过了一会 by bus 乘公共汽车；by the way 顺便说；by the time 到......时候；by turns 轮流；by mistake 错误地；by the door 在门口 in hospital 住院；in the hospital 在医院；in the end 最后；in order 整整齐齐；in order to 以便；in no time 很快就 (i)the daytime 在白天；in turn 轮流；in time 及时；in front 在前方；in English 用英语；in the future 将来的某个时刻；infuture (整个)将来；in fact 事实上on the way 在路上；on Sunday 在星期天；on show 展出；on display 陈列；on fire 着火；on duty 值日；on the other hand另一方面on foot 步行；on business 出差；on board 在船(飞机)上；on holiday 在休假；on the telephone 在接(打)电话；on time 准时；on the left/right 在左边/右边；on sale 在出售；on watch值班；on the earth 在地球上with pleasure 很乐意；with one's help 在某人的帮助下 be ＋ 形容词 ＋ 介词be amazed at 对……感到惊讶；be angry with 生(某人的)气；be afraid of 害怕；be busy with 忙于做……；be good at 擅长于；be full of 充满be excited about 对……感到兴奋；be kind to 对……和善；beinterested in 对……感兴趣be famous for 因……而著名；be late for 迟到；be popularwith 受……欢迎be pleased with 对……感到满意；be proud of 对……感到骄傲；be ready for 为……准备好；be satisfied with 对……满意；be worried about 为……担心动词 ＋ 介词agree with 同意；ask for 请求；begin with 以……开始；come from 出生，来自；call at 探访die of 死于；get on/off 上车/下车；fill …with 用……装；falloff从……落下hear from收到(某人)的信；hear of听说；look at看；go to bed去睡觉；go to school去上学；look for寻找；look after照顾listen to听……讲话；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at 指着；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about谈论；think about考虑；wait for等候；write to写信给……；worryabout担心laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在……后面；knock at敲介词＋名词＋介词at the foot of在……脚下；on the top of在……顶端；in the middle of在……中间；in the front of在……前面；in the east of在……东部；by means of借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of到……为止；at the age of在……岁时；at thehead of在……前头【考点抢测】( A )1.Welcome to our school，ladies and gentlemen.________ start with，I'd like to introduce myself. A．To B．At C．With D．On( B )2.The man tried several times to start the car，and he succeeded ________ the end.A．at B．in C．on D．by( B )3.David suddenly felt nervous.________ all，it was his first time to go on stage.A．At B．After C．By D．In( A )4.The charity provides homeless people ________ food and clothes.A．with B．for C．as D．to( C )5.Hearing from this good news，her eyes are filled ________ tears.A．on B．at C．with D．in( A )6.The coat is made ________ animal's fur.That is cruel.A．of B．for C．from D．in河北中考考点精练( A )1.(2019盐城中考)The 3D film The Angry Birds opened in Chinese cinemas________May 20，2019. A．on B．at C．in D．to( C )2.(2019威海中考改编)I'd like to hold our next meeting________June 23rd.Is that OK for you? A．in B．at C．on D．from( A )3.(2019株洲中考改编)Her birthday is________winter，the most beautiful season in a year.A．in B．atC．on D．between( B )4.(2019十堰中考)Prime Minister Li Keqiang arrived in Shiyan________May 23nd，2019.A．at B．on C．in D．from( A )5.(2019丹东中考)Some people are used to getting up late________a cold morning.A．on B．in C．at D．of( D )6.(2019黔南中考)—Would you please provide us________some information about the accident? —Sure.It happened________the morning of June 5th.A．to；on B．for；inC．with；in D．with；on( C )7.(2019黄冈中考)—Junior high school days will be over________a week.How are you feeling?—I'm trying to keep my cool because we've been together________three years.A．in；in B．for；inC．in；for D．for；for( B )8.(2019呼和浩特中考)I'm looking after Tom today.He's been in my house________8：00 this morning.A．at B．since C．for D．till( B )9.(2019昆明中考)Shanghai Disneyland opened________June 16th，2019.We are thirsty to go.A．in B．on C．at D．Of( C )10.(2019东营中考)Stephen Hawking got more than 380，000 followers in two hours________first message on Weibo.A．before B．since C．after D．until( C )11.(2019石家庄20中模拟)The traffic accident happened________Saturday.Luckily，no one was hurt.A．at B．in C．on D．for( D )12.(2019衡水三模)Kamin sat on the side of the river cooking a meal，________a bird on his head.A．from B．intoC．about D．with( C )13.(2019保定二模)The bird's singing came into our room________the window and woke me up in the e arly morning.A．down B．fromC．through D．across( D )14.(2019张家口中考模拟)Healthy eating________regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.A．less than B．instead ofC．such as D．together with( B )15.(2019保定实验中学中考模拟)We'll play basketball________Class 3 tomorrow.A．over B．againstC．to D．for( D )16.(2019承德2中模拟)The blind man walked across the street________the help of a boy.A．by B．at C．in D．with( D )17.(2019保定8中模拟)This photo reminded the old man________the days when he was young.A．with B．for C．by D．of( C )18.(2019原创预测)________our surprise.MH370 has not been found since it was lost on March 8，2019.A．With B．In C．To D．By( A )19.(2019原创预测)Some workers in that factory have to work________night.A．at B．forC．with D．among( A )20.(2019原创预测)Everyone wants to win.But________me，the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.A．as for B．thanks toC．instead of D．such as。
