国际商务 查尔斯W.L.希尔 第七版 原版官方PPTChap009
- 格式：ppt
- 大小：223.50 KB
- 文档页数：37
文档推荐
-
查尔斯希尔《国际商务》此书是经典。PPT课件页数:10
-
希尔国际商务复习资料页数:2
-
查尔斯希尔《国际商务》课件,此书是经典。共38页页数:38
下载文档原格式
合集下载
查尔斯.希尔《国际商务》课件Chap008 Regional Economic Integration
8.2.3 Impediments To Integration
Economic integration can be difficult because: while a nation as a whole may benefit from a regional free trade agreement, certain groups may lose it implies a loss of national sovereignty
Levels Of Economic Integration
3. a common market has no barriers to trade between member countries, a common external trade policy, and the free movement of the factors of production MERCOSUR (between Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay) is aiming for common market status 4. An economic union has the free flow of products and factors of production between members, a common external trade policy, a common currency, a harmonized tax rates, and a common monetary and fiscal policy The European Union (EU) is an imperfect economic union 5. A political union involves a central political apparatus that coordinates the economic, social, and foreign policy of member states The EU is headed toward at least partial political union, and the United States is an example of even closer political union
查尔斯.希尔《国际商务》课件Chap007 Foreign Direct Investment
7.2 Theories Of Foreign Direct Investment
Why do firms invest rather than use exporting or licensing to enter foreign markets? Why do firms from the same industry undertake FDI at the same time? How can the pattern of foreign direct investment flows be explained?
7.1.3 The Source Of FDI
Since World War II, the U.S. has been the largest source country for FDI The United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France, Germany, and Japan are other important source countries
Introduction
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests directly in new facilities to produce and/or market in a foreign country Once a firm undertakes FDI it becomes a multinational enterprise FDI can be: greenfield investments - the establishment of a wholly new operation in a foreign country acquisitions or mergers with existing firms in the foreign country
国际商务International Business (Charles W.L. Hill 第七版)
5-10
Absolute Advantage
Without trade: ❖Ghana would produce 10 tons of cocoa and 5 tons of rice ❖ South Korea would produce 10 tons of rice and 2.5 tons of cocoa
5-11
Absolute Advantage
After trade: ❖Ghana would have 14 tons of cocoa left, and 6 tons of rice ❖South Korea would have 14 tons of rice left and 6 tons of cocoa ❖Both countries gained from trade
5-9
Absolute Advantage
❖In South Korea it takes 40 units of resources to produce one ton of cocoa and 10 resources to produce one ton of rice ❖So, South Korea could produce 5 tons of cocoa and no rice, 20 tons of rice and no cocoa, or some combination in between ❖Ghana has an absolute advantage in the production of cocoa ❖South Korea has an absolute advantage in the production of rice
5-3
5-4
Absolute Advantage
Without trade: ❖Ghana would produce 10 tons of cocoa and 5 tons of rice ❖ South Korea would produce 10 tons of rice and 2.5 tons of cocoa
5-11
Absolute Advantage
After trade: ❖Ghana would have 14 tons of cocoa left, and 6 tons of rice ❖South Korea would have 14 tons of rice left and 6 tons of cocoa ❖Both countries gained from trade
5-9
Absolute Advantage
❖In South Korea it takes 40 units of resources to produce one ton of cocoa and 10 resources to produce one ton of rice ❖So, South Korea could produce 5 tons of cocoa and no rice, 20 tons of rice and no cocoa, or some combination in between ❖Ghana has an absolute advantage in the production of cocoa ❖South Korea has an absolute advantage in the production of rice
5-3
5-4
国际商务 查尔斯w.l.希尔 第七版 原版官方pptchap009
9-11
The Nature Of The Foreign Exchange Market
·High-speed computer linkages between trading centers around the globe have effectively created a single market— there is no significant difference between exchange rates quotes in the differing trading centers · I f exchange rates quoted in different markets were not essentially the same, there would be an opportunity for arbitrage (the process of buying a currency low and selling it high), and the gap would close ·Most transactions involve dollars on one side— it is a vehicle currency along with the euro, the Japanese yen, and the British pound
Introduction
·A firm ’ s sales, profits, and strategy are affected by events in the foreign exchange market ·The foreign exchange market is a market for converting the currency of one country into that of another country · The exchange rate is the rate at which one currency is converted into another
The Nature Of The Foreign Exchange Market
·High-speed computer linkages between trading centers around the globe have effectively created a single market— there is no significant difference between exchange rates quotes in the differing trading centers · I f exchange rates quoted in different markets were not essentially the same, there would be an opportunity for arbitrage (the process of buying a currency low and selling it high), and the gap would close ·Most transactions involve dollars on one side— it is a vehicle currency along with the euro, the Japanese yen, and the British pound
Introduction
·A firm ’ s sales, profits, and strategy are affected by events in the foreign exchange market ·The foreign exchange market is a market for converting the currency of one country into that of another country · The exchange rate is the rate at which one currency is converted into another
国际商务International Business (Charles W.L. Hill 第七版)
8-15
Regional Economic Integration In Europe
Map 8.1: Member States of the European Union in 2007
8-16
Evolution Of The European Union
❖The EU was formed as a result of the devastation of two world wars on Western Europe and the desire for a lasting peace, and the desire by the European nations to hold their own on the world’s political and economic stage ❖The forerunner of the EU was the European Coal and Steel Community, which had the goal of removing barriers to trade in coal, iron, steel, and scrap metal formed in 1951 ❖The European Economic Community was formed in 1957 at the Treaty of Rome with the goal of becoming a common market
The Political Case For Regional Integration
Linking countries together, making them more dependent on each other: ❖creates incentives for political cooperation and reduces the likelihood of violent conflict ❖gives countries greater political clout when dealing with other nations
Regional Economic Integration In Europe
Map 8.1: Member States of the European Union in 2007
8-16
Evolution Of The European Union
❖The EU was formed as a result of the devastation of two world wars on Western Europe and the desire for a lasting peace, and the desire by the European nations to hold their own on the world’s political and economic stage ❖The forerunner of the EU was the European Coal and Steel Community, which had the goal of removing barriers to trade in coal, iron, steel, and scrap metal formed in 1951 ❖The European Economic Community was formed in 1957 at the Treaty of Rome with the goal of becoming a common market
The Political Case For Regional Integration
Linking countries together, making them more dependent on each other: ❖creates incentives for political cooperation and reduces the likelihood of violent conflict ❖gives countries greater political clout when dealing with other nations
国际商务 查尔斯W.L.希尔 第七版 原版官方PPTChap010
10-14
The Role Of The Worldalled the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
There are two ways to borrow from the World Bank: 1. under the IBRD scheme, money is raised through bond sales in the international capital market ❖ borrowers pay what the bank calls a market rate of interest - the bank's cost of funds plus a margin for expenses. 2. through the International Development Agency, an arm of the bank created in 1960 ❖ IDA loans go only to the poorest countries
❖ the World Bank to promote general economic development
10-12
The Role Of The IMF
❖The IMF was charged with executing the main goal of the Bretton Woods agreement - avoiding a repetition of the chaos that occurred between the wars through a combination of discipline and flexibility
The Role Of The Worldalled the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
There are two ways to borrow from the World Bank: 1. under the IBRD scheme, money is raised through bond sales in the international capital market ❖ borrowers pay what the bank calls a market rate of interest - the bank's cost of funds plus a margin for expenses. 2. through the International Development Agency, an arm of the bank created in 1960 ❖ IDA loans go only to the poorest countries
❖ the World Bank to promote general economic development
10-12
The Role Of The IMF
❖The IMF was charged with executing the main goal of the Bretton Woods agreement - avoiding a repetition of the chaos that occurred between the wars through a combination of discipline and flexibility
当代全球商务第七版配套ppt课件
Global Business Today 7e
by Charles W.L. Hill
Chapter 11
The Strategy of International Business
Introduction
Question: What actions can managers take to compete more effectively in a global economy?
effectively
3 . Realize greater cost economies from experience
effects by serving an expanded global market from a
central location,
thereby reducing the costs of value
Organizational structure the formal division of the organization into subunits the location of decision- making responsibilities within that structure the establishment of integrating mechanisms to coordinate the activities of subunits including cross functional teams and or pan- regional committees
Strategy and the Firm
Question: What is strategy?
Answer:
A firm’ s strategy can be defined as the actions that
by Charles W.L. Hill
Chapter 11
The Strategy of International Business
Introduction
Question: What actions can managers take to compete more effectively in a global economy?
effectively
3 . Realize greater cost economies from experience
effects by serving an expanded global market from a
central location,
thereby reducing the costs of value
Organizational structure the formal division of the organization into subunits the location of decision- making responsibilities within that structure the establishment of integrating mechanisms to coordinate the activities of subunits including cross functional teams and or pan- regional committees
Strategy and the Firm
Question: What is strategy?
Answer:
A firm’ s strategy can be defined as the actions that
国际商务查尔斯W.L.希尔第七版PPTChapter10
10-7
Strength Of The Gold Standard
The great strength of the gold standard was that it contained a powerful mechanism for achieving balance-oftrade equilibrium (when the income a country’s residents earn from its exports is equal to the money its residents pay for imports) by all countries
Under the new agreement: a fixed exchange rate system was established all currencies were fixed to gold, but only the U.S. dollar was directly convertible to gold devaluations could not to be used for competitive purposes a country could not devalue its currency by more than 10% without IMF approval
10-6
Mechanics Of The Gold Standard
Pegging currencies to gold and guaranteeing convertibility is known as the gold standard In the 1880s, most of the world’s trading nations followed the gold standard Under the gold standard one U.S. dollar was defined as equivalent to 23.22 grains of "fine (pure) gold The amount of a currency needed to purchase one ounce of gold was called the gold par value
国际商务 查尔斯W.L.希尔 第七版 原版官方PPTchap019
19-17
Classroom Performance System
The IASB currently has about ____ standards. a) 10 b) 25 c) 45 d) 95
19-18
International Standards
19-8
Classroom Performance System
_______ has an accounting system that was developed with the government in mind. a) France b) Japan c) Great Britain d) Germany
19-12
Culture
The extent to which a culture is characterized by uncertainty avoidance (the extent to which cultures socialize their members to accept ambiguous situations and tolerate uncertainty) impacts the country’s accounting system Countries with low uncertainty avoidance cultures have strong independent auditing professions
19-6
Country Differences In Accounting Standards
Figure 19.2
19-7
Relationship Between Business And Providers Of Capital
《国际商务希尔》PPT课件_OK
12
2-12
Classroom Performance System
A form of government in which one person or political party exercises complete control over all spher es of human life and prohibits opposing political parties is a) a democracy b) a representative democracy c) totalitarianism d) socialism
16
2-16
Market Economy
•In a market economy all productive activities are privately owned and production is determined by th e interaction of supply and demand •The role of government is to encourage free and fair competition between private producers
4
2-4
Collectivism And Individualism
•Collectivism refers to a political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual go als •Collectivism can be traced back to the Greek philosopher, Plato (427-347 BC), but in modern times, collectivism is equated with socialists
2-12
Classroom Performance System
A form of government in which one person or political party exercises complete control over all spher es of human life and prohibits opposing political parties is a) a democracy b) a representative democracy c) totalitarianism d) socialism
16
2-16
Market Economy
•In a market economy all productive activities are privately owned and production is determined by th e interaction of supply and demand •The role of government is to encourage free and fair competition between private producers
4
2-4
Collectivism And Individualism
•Collectivism refers to a political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual go als •Collectivism can be traced back to the Greek philosopher, Plato (427-347 BC), but in modern times, collectivism is equated with socialists
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
a) Currency swap rate b) Forward rate c) Specific rate d) Spot rate
9-13
Economic Theories Of Exchange Rate Determination
Exchange rates are determined by the demand and supply for different currencies. Three factors impact future exchange rate movements: a country’s price inflation a country’s interest rate market psychology
9-4
Currency Conversion
International companies use the foreign exchange market when: the payments they receive for exports, the income they receive from foreign investments, or the income they receive from licensing agreements with foreign firms are in foreign currencies they must pay a foreign company for its products or services in its country’s currency they have spare cash that they wish to invest for short terms in money markets they are involved in currency speculation (the short-term movement of funds from one currency to another in the hopes of profiting from shifts in exchange rates)
9-7
Classroom Performance System
The ________ is the rate at which one currency is converted into another. a) Exchange rate b) Cross rate c) Conversion rate d) Foreign lassroom Performance System
The _______ is the rate at which a foreign exchange dealer converts one currency into another currency on a particular day.
9-3
The Functions Of The Foreign Exchange Market
The foreign exchange market: is used to convert the currency of one country into the currency of another provide some insurance against foreign exchange risk (the adverse consequences of unpredictable changes in exchange rates)
9-9
Insuring Against Foreign Exchange Risk
A currency swap is the simultaneous purchase and sale of a given amount of foreign exchange for two different value dates Swaps are transacted between international businesses and their banks, between banks, and between governments when it is desirable to move out of one currency into another for a limited period without incurring foreign exchange rate risk
9-5
Insuring Against Foreign Exchange Risk
The foreign exchange market can be used to provide insurance to protect against foreign exchange risk (the possibility that unpredicted changes in future exchange rates will have adverse consequences for the firm) A firm that insures itself against foreign exchange risk is hedging
9-10
The Nature Of The Foreign Exchange Market
The foreign exchange market is a global network of banks, brokers, and foreign exchange dealers connected by electronic communications systems—it is not located in any one place The most important trading centers are London, New York, Tokyo, and Singapore The markets is always open somewhere in the world—it never sleeps
9-14
Prices And Exchange Rates
The law of one price states that in competitive markets free of transportation costs and barriers to trade, identical products sold in different countries must sell for the same price when their price is expressed in terms of the same currency Purchasing power parity (PPP) theory argues that given relatively efficient markets (markets in which few impediments to international trade and investment exist) the price of a ―basket of goods‖ should be roughly equivalent in each country PPP theory predicts that changes in relative prices will result in a change in exchange rates
9-8
Insuring Against Foreign Exchange Risk
To insure or hedge against a possible adverse foreign exchange rate movement, firms engage in forward exchanges A forward exchange occurs when two parties agree to exchange currency and execute the deal at some specific date in the future A forward exchange rate is the rate governing such future transactions Rates for currency exchange are typically quoted for 30, 90, or 180 days into the future
International Business 7e
by Charles W.L. Hill
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 9
The Foreign Exchange Market
Introduction
A firm’s sales, profits, and strategy are affected by events in the foreign exchange market The foreign exchange market is a market for converting the currency of one country into that of another country The exchange rate is the rate at which one currency is converted into another
9-11
The Nature Of The Foreign Exchange Market
High-speed computer linkages between trading centers around the globe have effectively created a single market— there is no significant difference between exchange rates quotes in the differing trading centers If exchange rates quoted in different markets were not essentially the same, there would be an opportunity for arbitrage (the process of buying a currency low and selling it high), and the gap would close Most transactions involve dollars on one side—it is a vehicle currency along with the euro, the Japanese yen, and the British pound