伦敦保险协会货物保险ICC-A-1982

《伦敦保险协会货物保险条款》（１９８２年１月１日修订）（一）伦敦保险协会货物条款（Ａ）（仅供新的海上保险单格式使用）承保范围风险条款１．本保险承保除下列４、５、６、７各条规定除外责任以外的一切风险所造成保险标的的损失。

1. This insurance covers all risks of loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured except as provided in Clauses 4 5 6 and 7 below共同海损条款２．本保险承保共同海损和救助费用，其理算或确定应根据运输契约和／或有关法律和惯例办理。

该项共同海损和救助费用的产生，应为避免任何原因所造成的或与之有关的损失所引起的，但下列４、５、６、７各条或本保险其他条款规定的不保责任除外。

2. This insurance covers general average and salvage charges adjusted or determined according to the contract of affreightment and/or the governing law and practice incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of loss from any cause except those excluded in Clauses 4 5 6 and 7 or elsewhere in this insurance.(“Both to Blame Collision”Clause)船舶互撞责任条款３．本保险负责赔偿被保险人根据运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款规定，由被保险人应负的比例责任，视作本保险单项下应予补偿的损失。

如果船东根据上述条款提出任何索赔要求，被保险人同意通知保险人，保险人有权自负费用为被保险人就此项索赔进行辩护。

英国伦敦保险业协会货物保险条款在国际保险市场上，各国保险组织都制定有自己的保险条款。

但最为普遍采用的是英国伦敦保险业协会所制订的《协会货物条款》(Institute Cargo Clause；简称I.C.C.)、我国企业按CIF或CIP条件出口时，一般按《中国保险条款》投保，但如果国外客户要求按《协会货物条款》投保，一般可予接受。

《协会货物条款》的现行规定于1982年1月1日修订公布，共有6种险别，它们是：(1)协会货物条款(A)[简称ICC(A)]；(2)协会货物条款(B)[简称ICC(B)]；(3)协会货物条款(C)[简称ICC(C)]；(4)协会战争险条款(货物)(IWCC)；(5)协会罢工险条款(货物)(ISCC)；(6)恶意损害险(Malicious Damage Clause)。

以上六种险别中，(A)险相当于中国保险条款中的一切险，其责任范围更为广泛，故采用承保"除外责任"之外的一切风险的方式表明其承保范围。

(B)险大体上相当于水渍险。

(C)险相当于平安险，但承保范围较小些。

(B)险和(C)险都采用列明风险的方式表示其承保范围。

六种险别中，只有恶意损害险，属于附加险别，不能单独投保，其他五种险别的结构相同，体系完整。

因此，除(A)、(B)、(C)三种险别可以单独投保外，必要时，战争险和罢工险在征得保险公司同意后，也可作为独立的险别进行投保。

协会货物(A)、(B)、(C)三种险别的承保风险，主要规定在各该险第一部分承保范围中所列的风险条款(Risks Clause)、共同海损条款(General Average Clause)和船舶互有过失碰撞责任条款(Both to Blame Collision Clause)之中。

三种险别的区别，主要反映在风险条款中。

险条款ICC(A)险的承保责任范围较广,不便把全部承保的风险一一列出，因此对承保风险的规定采用"一切风险减除外责任"的方式，即除了在除外责任项下所列风险所致损失不予负责外，其他风险所致损失均予负责。

1/1/82INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES (A)RISKS COVERED1.This insurance covers all risks of loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured except as provided inClauses 4, 5, 6 and 7 below.2.This insurance covers general average and salvage charges, adjusted or determined according to thecontract of affreightment and/or the governing law and practice, incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of loss from any cause except those excluded in Clauses 4, 5, 6 and 7 or elsewhere in this insurance.3.This insurance is extended to indemnify the Assured against such proportion of liability under the contractof affreightment "Both to Blame Collision" Clause as is in respect of a loss recoverable hereunder. In the event of any claim by shipowners under the said Clause the Assured agree to notify the Underwriters who shall have the right, at their own cost and expense, to defend the Assured against such claim.EXCLUSIONS4.In no case shall this insurance cover4.1 loss damage or expense attributable to wilful misconduct of the Assured4.2 ordinary leakage, ordinary loss in weight or volume, or ordinary wear and tear of the subject-matterinsured4.3 loss damage or expense caused by insufficiency or unsuitability of packing or preparation of thesubject-matter insured (for the purpose of this Clause 4.3 "packing" shall be deemed to includestowage in a container or liftvan but only when such stowage is carried out prior to attachment of this insurance or by the Assured or their servants)4.4 loss damage or expense caused by inherent vice or nature of the subject-matter insured4.5 loss damage or expense proximately caused by delay, even though the delay be caused by a riskinsured against (except expenses payable under Clause 2 above)4.6 loss damage or expense arising from insolvency or financial default of the owners managerscharterers or operators of the vessel4.7loss damage or expense arising from the use of any weapon of war employing atomic or nuclearfission and/or fusion or other like reaction or radioactive force or matter.'.5. 5.1 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense arising fromunseaworthiness of vessel or craft,unfitness of vessel craft conveyance container or liftvan for the safe carriage of the subject-matter insured,where the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness, at the time thesubject-matter insured is loaded therein.5.2 The Underwriters waive any breach of the implied warranties of seaworthiness of the ship and fitnessof the ship to carry the subject-matter insured to destination, unless the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness.6.In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense caused by6.1 war civil war revolution rebellion insurrection, or civil strife arising therefrom, or any hostile act byor against a belligerent power6.2 capture seizure arrest restraint or detainment (piracy excepted), and the consequences thereof or anyattempt thereat6.3 derelict mines torpedoes bombs or other derelict weapons of war.7.In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense7.1 caused by strikers, locked-out workmen, or persons taking part in labour disturbances, riots or civilcommotions7.2 resulting from strikes, lock-outs, labour disturbances, riots or civil commotions7.3 caused by any terrorist or any person acting from a political motive.DURATION8.8.1 This insurance attaches from the time the goods leave the warehouse or place of storage at theplace named herein for the commencement of the transit, continues during the ordinary course of transit and terminates either8.1.1 on delivery to the Consignees' or other final warehouse or place of storage at the destinationnamed herein,8.1.2 on delivery to any other warehouse or place of storage, whether prior to or at the destinationnamed herein, which the Assured elect to use either8.1.2.1 for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit or8.1.2.2 for allocation or distribution,or'.8.1.3 on the expiry of 60 days after completion of discharge overside of the goods hereby insuredfrom the oversea vessel at the final port of discharge,whichever shall first occur.8.2 If, after discharge overside from the oversea vessel at the final port of discharge, but prior totermination of this insurance, the goods are to be forwarded to a destination other than that to which they are insured hereunder, this insurance, whilst remaining subject to termination as provided forabove, shall not extend beyond the commencement of transit to such other destination.8.3 This insurance shall remain in force (subject to termination as provided for above and to theprovisions of Clause 9 below) during delay beyond the control of the Assured, any deviation,forced discharge, reshipment or transshipment and during any variation of the adventure arisingfrom the exercise of a liberty granted to shipowners or charterers under the contract ofaffreightment.9.If owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Assured either the contract of carriage is terminated ata port or place other than the destination named therein or the transit is otherwise terminated beforedelivery of the goods as provided for in Clause 8 above, then this insurance shall also terminate unless prompt notice is given to the Underwriters and continuation of cover is requested when the insurance shall remain in force, subject to an additional premium if required by the Underwriters, either9.1 until the goods are sold and delivered at such port or place, or, unless otherwise specially agreed,until the expiry of 60 days after arrival of the goods hereby insured at such port or place, whichevershall first occur,or9.2if the goods are forwarded within the said period of 60 days (or any agreed extension thereof) to thedestination named herein or to any other destination, until terminated in accordance with theprovisions of Clause 8 above.10.Where, after attachment of this insurance, the destination is changed by the Assured, held covered at apremium and on conditions to be arranged subject to prompt notice being given to theUnderwritersCLAIMS'.11.11.1 In order to recover under this insurance the Assured must have an insurable interest in the subject-matter insured at the time of the loss.11.2 Subject to 11.1 above, the Assured shall be entitled to recover for insured loss occurring during the period covered by this insurance, notwithstanding that the loss occurred before the contract of insurance was concluded, unless the Assured were aware of the loss and theUnderwriters were not.12.Where, as a result of the operation of a risk covered by this insurance the insured transit is terminated at aport or place other than that to which the subject-matter is covered under this insurance, theUnderwriters will reimburse the Assured for any extra charges properly and reasonably incurred in unloading storing and forwarding the subject-matter to the destination to which it is insured hereunder.This Clause 12, which does not apply to general average or salvage charges, shall be subject to theexclusions contained in Clauses 4, 5, 6 and 7 above, and shall not include charges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assured or their servants.13.No claim for Constructive Total Loss shall be recoverable hereunder unless the subject-matter insured isreasonably abandoned either on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable or because the cost of recovering, reconditioning and forwarding the subject-matter to the destination to which it is insured would exceed its value on arrival.14.14.1 If any Increased Value insurance is effected by the Assured on the cargo insured herein theagreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be increased to the total amount insured under this insurance and all Increased Value insurances covering the loss, and liability under this insurance shall be in such proportion as the sum insured herein bears to such total amount insured.In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence of the amountsinsured under all other insurances.14.2 Where this insurance is on Increased Value the following clause shall apply:The agreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be equal to the total amount insured under the primary insurance and all Increased Value insurances covering the loss and effected on the'.cargo by the Assured, and liability under this insurance shall be in such proportion as the sum insured herein bears to such total amount insured.In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence of the amountsinsured under all other insurances.BENEFIT OF INSURANCE15.This insurance shall not inure to the benefit of the carrier or other bailee.MINIMISING LOSSES16.It is the duty of the Assured and their servants and agents in respect of loss recoverable hereunder16.1 to take such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimizing such loss,and16.2 to ensure that all rights against carriers, bailees or other third parties are properly preserved andexercisedand the Underwriters will, in addition to any loss recoverable hereunder, reimburse the Assured for any charges properly and reasonably incurred in pursuance of these duties.17.Measures taken by the Assured or the Underwriters with the object of saving, protecting or recovering thesubject-matter insured shall not be considered as a waiver or acceptance of abandonment orotherwise prejudice the rights of either party.AVOIDANCE OF DELAY18.It is a condition of this insurance that the Assured shall act with reasonable despatch in all circumstanceswithin their control.LAW AND PRACTICE19.This insurance is subject to English law and practice.'.。

伦敦协会空运货物战争险保险条款（不包括邮递货物）（１９８２年１月１日修订）（仅供新的海上保险单格式使用）承保范围1.本保险承保除下列第2条规定除外责任以外，由下列原因造成的损失和费用。

1.1战争、内战、革命、叛乱、颠覆或因而引起的内乱，或来自/对抗交战国的敌对行为。

1.2由上述第1.1 款承保的风险引起的捕获、拘留、扣留、禁制、扣押以及这种行动的后果或这方面的企图。

1.3遗弃之水雷、鱼雷、炸弹或其他遗弃的战争武器。

除外责任2.本保险在任何情况下不负赔偿的责任：2.1被保险人的故意行为所造成的损失或费用。

2.2保险标的的自然渗漏，重量或容量的自然耗损或自然磨损。

2.3由于保险标的包装或准备不足或不当造成的损失或费用（本条所称的“包装”，包括用集装箱或大型海运箱装载的，但该项装载以本保险开始生效前或由被保险人或其受雇人完成的为限）。

2.4由于保险标的本质缺陷或特性造成的损失和费用。

2.5因飞机、运输工具、货柜或货箱不适合保险标的物之安全装运所致使的毁损、灭失或费用。

但此项不适运以被保险人或其受雇人在保险标的物装船时已知情为限。

2.6直接由延迟引起的损失或费用，即使延迟是由承保风险所引起。

2.7由于飞机所有人、经理人、租机人或经营人破产或不履行债务造成的损失或费用。

2.8基于航程或冒险的损失或落空的任何索赔。

2.9由于使用任何原子或核子裂变和（或）聚变或其他类似反应或放射性作用或放射性物质的战争武器造成的损失或费用。

保险期间3.3.1 本保险3.1.1自保险标的物或任何部分载上越洋货轮开始生效。

3.1.2止于保险标的物或任何部分在最终目的港口或卸货地由越洋货轮上卸下。

或由货轮抵达最终目的港或卸货地当天子夜起届满15天。

以上两种终止情形，以孰先者为准（但仍受以下第3.2和3.3条的限制）。

虽然如此，如果保险人立即接获通知并加收保险费，则本保险3.1.3在保险标的物仍未由最终目的港或卸货地卸货，而货轮亦从那里离开时持续有效。

英国协会货物保险条款（ICC条款）ICC（A）1 本保险承保保险标的损失或损害的一切风险，但不包括下列第4、5、6和7条规定的除外责任。

（共同海损条款）2 本保险承保根据运输合同、准据法和惯例理算或确定的共同海损和救助费用，其产生是为了避免任何原因造成的损失或与避免任何原因造成的损失有关，但此种原因不是本保险第4，5，6，7条或其他条文除外的危险（"双方有责碰撞"条款）3 本保险扩展赔偿被保险人诸如下文可补偿的损失方面根据运输合同中的"双方有责碰撞"条款的比例责任部分。

在船东根据此条款提出索赔的情况下，被保险人同意通知保险人，保险人有权自负费用为被保险人对此种索赔提出答辩。

除外责任（普通除外条款）4 本保险决不承保；4.1 可归咎于被保险人的蓄意恶性的损失、损害或费用4.2 保险标的的通常渗漏、通常重量或体积损失、或通常磨损4.3 保险标的的包装或准备不足或不当引起的损失、损害或费用（在本款意义上，"包装"应视为包括集装箱或托盘内的积载，但仅适用于此种积载是在本保险责任开始前进行或是由被保险人或其雇员进行之时）4.4 保险标的固有缺陷或性质引起的损失、损害或费用4.5 迟延直接造成的损失、损害或费用，即使该延迟是由承保风险引起的（但根据上述第2条支付的费用除外）4.6 因船舶的所有人、经理人、承租人或经营人的破产或经济困境产生的损失、损害或费用4.7 因使用原子或核裂变和/或聚变或其类似反应或放射性力量或物质所制造的战争武器产生的损失、损害或费用。

（不适航和不适运除外条款）5 5.1 本保险决不承保损失、损害或费用，如其起因于5.1.1 船舶或驳船不适航5.1.2 船舶、驳船、运输工具、集装箱或托盘对保险标的的安全运输不适合，而且在保险标的装于其上时，被保险人或其雇员对此种不适航或不适运有私谋5.2 保险人放弃载运保险标的到目的港的船舶不得违反默示适航或适运保证，除非被保险人或其雇员对此种不适航或不适运有私谋。

ICC(A)条款与PICC一切险条款的比较分析摘要：本文分为大体框架、承保范围和除外责任三块，对icc(a)条款和picc一切险条款进行比较和分析。

并对其中某些重要条款的异同进行评析，分析它们更倾向于保险人还是被保险人的利益。

最后提出一些自己的看法和建议。

关键词：icc(a) picc一切险承保范围除外责任第1章 icc(a)条款与picc一切险条款的大体框架先来看icc(a)条款，我们所讨论的icc(a)是1982年1月1日和新海上保险单格式一起在伦敦市场上投入使用的协会货物保险条款。

它可以分为两大块来看，即承保风险和除外责任。

承保风险的条款项下，又分为风险条款、共同海损条款和”双方互有责任碰撞”条款。

而在除外责任中，则是分为一般除外责任、不适航不适运除外条款、战争除外条款以及罢工除外条款。

再看picc一切险条款，我们这里说的picc条款是中国人民保险公司1981年1月1日修订的”海洋运输货物保险条款”（ocean marine cargo clauses 1/1/81）。

大项也同样是分为承保风险和除外责任，单从字面上看，picc的一切险条款显然没有icc（a）分得那么细，在一切险的定义条款中，没有将共同海损和互有过失碰撞单独的分离出来，除外责任这块中也只有5个条款。

下面我们就按照二者的大体框架，逐块的进行比较和分析。

第2章承保范围的比较和分析先来看icc(a)条款，其风险条款（risks clause）规定：本保险承保保险标的的损失或损害的一切风险，但不包括下列第4、5、6和7条规定的除外责任。

即a条款承保保险货物的一切损失或损害的”风险”，被保险人只要证明其索赔是保险货物遭受的意外损失即可。

①而保险人可抗辩被保险人提出的索赔属于本条款第4-7条规定的除外责任。

picc一切险条款规定是，除上列平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，还包括11种附加险（1.偷窃、提货不着险2.淡水雨淋险3.短量险4.混杂、沾污险5.渗漏险6.碰损、破碎险7.串味险8.受潮受热险9.钩损险10.包装破裂险11.锈损险），另外本保险还负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。