电子信息工程测控技术与仪器外文翻译外文文献英文文献SJA1000独立的CAN控制器应用指南

本科毕业设计（论文) 中英文对照翻译院(系部）电气工程与自动化专业名称电子信息工程年级班级 04级7班学生姓名指导老师Infrared Remote Control SystemAbstractRed outside data correspondence the technique be currently within the scope of world drive extensive usage of a kind of wireless conjunction technique，drive numerous hardware and software platform support. Red outside the transceiver product have cost low, small scaled turn，the baud rate be quick，point to point SSL，be free from electromagnetism thousand Raos etc.characteristics，can realization information at dissimilarity of the product fast, convenience, safely exchange and transmission，at short distance wireless deliver aspect to own very obvious of advantage。

Along with red outside the data deliver a technique more and more mature，the cost descend，red outside the transceiver necessarily will get at the short distance communication realm more extensive of application。

外文出处：资料1：Virtual instrument based on serial(用外文写)communication and data acquisition system of management .资料2：LabVIEW serial communication based on Frequency Control Monitoring System附件：资料1：1.翻译译文；2.外文原文。

资料2：1.翻译译文；2.外文原文。

附件：资料1翻译译文在自动化控制和智能仪器仪表中, 单片机的应用越来越广泛, 由于单片机的运算功能较差, 往往需要借助计算机系统, 因此单片机和 PC机进行远程通信更具有实际意义, 通信的关键在于互传数据信息。

51系列单片机内部的串行口具有通信的功能,该串行口可以作为通信接口, 利用该串行口与 PC机的串行口 COM 1或COM 2进行串行通信, 将单片机采集的数据传送到 PC机中, 由 PC机的高级语言或数据库语言对数据进行整理及统计等复杂处理就能满足实际的应用需要。

软件设计，初始化后，打开数据通道对上下游信号进行采样，并进行相关运算，求峰值R~，对R.二是否峰值进行判断，以确保正确求出延时r，从而得出正确的流量。

由于一次相关计算所需时间很短，因此，采用计数器控制。

PC机和单片机在进行通信时, 首先分别对各自的串行口进行初始化、确定串行口工作方式、设定波特率、传输数据长度等, 然后才开始数据传输, 这些工作是由软件来完成的, 因此对 PC机和单片机均需设计相应的通信软件。

DOS环境下, 串行通信一般用中断方式来实现,用户对通信端口进行完全控制。

而在 W i ndow s 环境下, 系统禁止应用程序直接对硬件进行操作。

在W indows环境下提供了完备的 AP I应用程序接口函数, 程序员通过这些函数与通信硬件接口。

通信函数是中断驱动的: 发送数据时, 先将其放入缓存区,串口准备好后, 就将其发送出去; 传来的数据迅速申请中断, 使 W i ndow s接收它并将其存入缓冲区, 以供读取。

Oscillation, Instability and Control of Stepper Motors LIYU CAO and HOWARD M. SCHWARTZDepartment of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive,Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada(Received: 18 February 1998; accepted: 1 December 1998)AbstractA novel approach to analyzing instability in permanent-magnet stepper motors is presented. It is shown that there are two kinds of unstable phenomena in this kind of motor: mid-frequency oscillation and high-frequency instability. Nonlinear bifurcation theory is used to illustrate the relationship between local instability and mid frequency oscillatory motion. A novel analysis is presented to analyze the loss of synchronism phenomenon, which is identified as high-frequency instability. The concepts of separators and attractors in phase-space are used to derive a quantity to evaluate the high-frequency instability. By using this quantity one can easily estimate the stability for high supply frequencies. Furthermore, a stabilization method is presented. A generalized approach to analyze the stabilization problem based on feedback theory is given. It is shown that the mid-frequency stability and the high-frequency stability can be improved by state feedback.Keywords: Stepper motors, instability, nonlinearity, state feedback.1. IntroductionStepper motors are electromagnetic incremental-motion devices which convert digital pulse inputs to analog angle outputs. Their inherent stepping ability allows for accurate position control without feedback. That is, they can track any step position in open-loop mode, consequently no feedback is needed to implement position control. Stepper motors deliver higher peak torque per unit weight than DC motors; in addition, they are brushless machines and therefore require less maintenance. All of these properties have made stepper motors a very attractive selection in many position and speed control systems, such as in computer hard disk drivers and printers, XY-tables, robot manipulators, etc.Although stepper motors have many salient properties, they suffer from an oscillation or unstable phenomenon. This phenomenon severely restricts their open-loop dynamic performance and applicable area where high speed operation is needed. The oscillation usually occurs at stepping rates lower than 1000 pulse/s, and has been recognized as a mid-frequency instability or local instability , or a dynamic instability . In addition, there is another kind of unstable phenomenon in stepper motors, that is, the motors usually lose synchronism at higher stepping rates, even though load torque is less than their pull-out torque. This phenomenon is identified as high-frequency instability in this paper, because it appears at much higher frequencies than the frequencies at which the mid-frequency oscillation occurs. The high-frequency instability has not been recognized as widely as mid-frequency instability, and there is not yet a method to evaluate it.Mid-frequency oscillation has been recognized widely for a very long time, however, acomplete understanding of it has not been well established. This can be attributed to the nonlinearity that dominates the oscillation phenomenon and is quite difficult to deal with.Most researchers have analyzed it based on a linearized model . Although in many cases, this kind of treatments is valid or useful, a treatment based on nonlinear theory is needed in order to give a better description on this complex phenomenon. For example, based on a linearized model one can only see that the motors turn to be locally unstable at some supply frequencies, which does not give much insight into the observed oscillatory phenomenon. In fact, the oscillation cannot be assessed unless one uses nonlinear theory.Therefore, it is significant to use developed mathematical theory on nonlinear dynamics to handle the oscillation or instability. It is worth noting that Taft and Gauthier , and Taft and Harned used mathematical concepts such as limit cycles and separatrices in the analysis of oscillatory and unstable phenomena, and obtained some very instructive insights into the so-called loss of synchronous phenomenon. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a comprehensive mathematical analysis in this kind of studies. In this paper a novel mathematical analysis is developed to analyze the oscillations and instability in stepper motors.The first part of this paper discusses the stability analysis of stepper motors. It is shown that the mid-frequency oscillation can be characterized as a bifurcation phenomenon (Hopf bifurcation) of nonlinear systems. One of contributions of this paper is to relate the mid-frequency oscillation to Hopf bifurcation, thereby, the existence of the oscillation is proved theoretically by Hopf theory. High-frequency instability is also discussed in detail, and a novel quantity is introduced to evaluate high-frequency stability. This quantity is very easy to calculate, and can be used as a criteria to predict the onset of the high-frequency instability. Experimental results on a real motor show the efficiency of this analytical tool.The second part of this paper discusses stabilizing control of stepper motors through feedback. Several authors have shown that by modulating the supply frequency , the mid-frequency instability can be improved. In particular, Pickup and Russell have presented a detailed analysis on the frequency modulation method. In their analysis, Jacobi series was used to solve a ordinary differential equation, and a set of nonlinear algebraic equations had to be solved numerically. In addition, their analysis is undertaken for a two-phase motor, and therefore, their conclusions cannot applied directly to our situation, where a three-phase motor will be considered. Here, we give a more elegant analysis for stabilizing stepper motors, where no complex mathematical manipulation is needed. In this analysis, a d–q model of stepper motors is used. Because two-phase motors and three-phase motors have the same q–d model and therefore, the analysis is valid for both two-phase and three-phase motors. Up to date, it is only recognized that the modulation method is needed to suppress the mid-frequency oscillation. In this paper, it is shown that this method is not only valid to improve mid-frequency stability, but also effective to improve high-frequency stability.2. Dynamic Model of Stepper MotorsThe stepper motor considered in this paper consists of a salient stator with two-phase or three-phase windings, and a permanent-magnet rotor. A simplified schematic of athree-phase motor with one pole-pair is shown in Figure 1. The stepper motor is usually fed by a voltage-source inverter, which is controlled by a sequence of pulses and produces square-wave voltages. This motor operates essentially on the same principle as that of synchronous motors. One of major operating manner for stepper motors is that supplying voltage is kept constant and frequency of pulses is changed at a very wide range. Under this operating condition, oscillation and instability problems usually arise.Figure 1. Schematic model of a three-phase stepper motor.A mathematical model for a three-phase stepper motor is established using q–d frame-reference transformation. The voltage equations for three-phase windings are given byva = Ria + L*dia /dt − M*dib/dt − M*dic/dt + dλpma/dt ,vb = Rib + L*dib/dt − M*dia/dt − M*dic/dt + dλpmb/dt ,vc = Ric + L*dic/dt − M*dia/dt − M*dib/dt + dλpmc/dt ,where R and L are the resistance and inductance of the phase windings, and M is the mutual inductance between the phase windings. _pma, _pmb and _pmc are the flux-linkages of the phases due to the permanent magnet, and can be assumed to be sinusoid functions of rotor position _ as followλpma = λ1 sin(Nθ),λpmb = λ1 sin(Nθ − 2 /3),λpmc = λ1 sin(Nθ - 2 /3),where N is number of rotor teeth. The nonlinearity emphasized in this paper is represented by the above equations, that is, the flux-linkages are nonlinear functions of the rotor position.By using the q; d transformation, the frame of reference is changed from the fixed phase axes to the axes moving with the rotor (refer to Figure 2). Transformation matrix from the a; b; c frame to the q; d frame is given byFor example, voltages in the q; d reference are given byIn the a; b; c reference, only two variables are independent (ia C ib C ic D 0); therefore, the above transformation from three variables to two variables is allowable. Applying the above transformation to the voltage equations (1), the transferred voltage equation in the q;d frame can be obtained asvq = Riq + L1*diq/dt + NL1idω + Nλ1ω,vd=Rid + L1*did/dt − NL1iqω,Figure 2. a, b, c and d, q reference frame.where L1 D L CM, and ! is the speed of the rotor.It can be shown that the motor’s t orque has the following formT = 3/2Nλ1iqThe equation of motion of the rotor is written asJ*dω/dt = 3/2*Nλ1iq − Bfω – Tl ,where Bf is the coefficient of viscous friction, and Tl represents load torque, which is assumed to be a constant in this paper.In order to constitute the complete state equation of the motor, we need another state variable that represents the position of the rotor. For this purpose the so called load angle _ [8] is usually used, which satisfies the following equationDδ/dt = ω−ω0 ,where !0 is steady-state speed of the motor. Equations (5), (7), and (8) constitute the statespace model of the motor, for which the input variables are the voltages vq and vd. As mentioned before, stepper motors are fed by an inverter, whose output voltages are not sinusoidal but instead are square waves. However, because the non-sinusoidal voltages do not change the oscillation feature and instability very much if compared to the sinusoidal case (as will be shown in Section 3, the oscillation is due to the nonlinearity of the motor), for the purposes of this paper we can assume the supply voltages are sinusoidal. Under this assumption, we can get vq and vd as followsvq = Vmcos(Nδ) ,vd = Vmsin(Nδ) ,where Vm is the maximum of the sine wave. With the above equation, we have changed the input voltages from a function of time to a function of state, and in this way we can represent the dynamics of the motor by a autonomous system, as shown below. This will simplify the mathematical analysis.From Equations (5), (7), and (8), the state-space model of the motor can be written in a matrix form as followsẊ = F(X,u) = AX + Fn(X) + Bu , (10) where X D Tiq id ! _UT , u D T!1 TlUT is defined as the input, and !1 D N!0 is the supply frequency. The input matrix B is defined byThe matrix A is the linear part of F._/, and is given byFn.X/ represents the nonlinear part of F._/, and is given byThe input term u is independent of time, and therefore Equation (10) is autonomous.There are three parameters in F.X;u/, they are the supply frequency !1, the supply voltage magnitude Vm and the load torque Tl . These parameters govern the behaviour of the stepper motor. In practice, stepper motors are usually driven in such a way that the supply frequency !1 is changed by the command pulse to control the motor’s spee d, while the supply voltage is kept constant. Therefore, we shall investigate the effect of parameter !1.3. Bifurcation and Mid-Frequency OscillationBy setting ! D !0, the equilibria of Equation (10) are given asand ' is its phase angle defined byφ= arctan(ω1L1/R) . (16) Equations (12) and (13) indicate that multiple equilibria exist, which means that these equilibria can never be globally stable. One can see that there are two groups of equilibria as shown in Equations (12) and (13). The first group represented by Equation (12) corresponds to the real operating conditions of the motor. The second group represented by Equation (13) is always unstable and does not relate to the real operating conditions. In the following, we will concentrate on the equilibria represented by Equation (12).翻译译文步进电机的振荡、不稳定以及控制摘要本文介绍了一种分析永磁步进电机不稳定性的新颖方法。

外文出处：附件2：外文原文（复印件）FBII Alarm Networking SystemWith the economic and social development, Security Technology has been updated and progress. International more developed countries have attached great importance to developing the industry. A long time, people get used to a solid door locks to prevent window grating. However, the progress of science and technology, the modus operandi of criminals are becoming increasingly cunning, anti-theft devices in a single family can not protect the people's lives, property, safety requirements, in view of this form, security of the international community and industry, developed an integrated, intelligent network alarm center system This system has greatly enhanced the social safety precautions, enhance security services and police command handling stolen strength, security, fire, first aid and the effectiveness of various types of emergencies. Maximize the protection of national security and people's lives and property.1. Networking Warning System in the application and development of the domestic:Because of the many advantages of network alarm system at this stage is widely used in coastal areas, in particular taking the forefront. For example, Guangdong, China almost all the police stations have been installed to use networking system After the alarm system from the use of networked, users have access to the prized window-ins. and the other of breaking a significant reduction in the crime rate, the effective guarantee the safety of people's lives and property. At present, the main city in the central alarm system interconnection Public Security Bureau, a police station, the major users of banks, shops, factories, Indeed, entertainment, financial and banking system in general behavior center, branches and other kind of user. With the development of society, the improvement of living standards, all commercial buildings Residential District is also aware of the need to install alarm systems, and the people are more pressing needs in this area, So from the outset, setting up the Public Security Bureau, a police station, gradually shifted tocommercial buildings, residential quarters, management of commercial buildings or residential areas directly warning, a warning not only faster, users can be too big to alleviate the Public Security Bureau, the police station's tremendous pressure from long-term development. Area residents’ mines a, factories and commercial buildings for the local network centers. I interconnection method of the re-use of police information network to the city center's program will be widely adopted.2. FBII Company profilesFBII (FIRE BURGLARY INSTRUMENTS, INC) is one of the world's leading suppliers of security equipment. Founded in 1971, has more than 20 years of production experience. FBII experts in the production of high quality anti-theft system, to the quality of their products have been excellent, simple to operate, durable and reliable. Reasonable prices to countries and customers are admirable. FBII existing products, firms throughout the world, the anti-theft system is the most popular brandsFBII the United States reported on a city telephone network interconnection point system for transmission channels, the alarm signal to the market. Remote transmission to the command center so that the policemen rapid, timely disposal of command kind of unexpected incidents reported to the scene. maximize the protection of life and property safety Front-end users from various detectors, and micro-switch trigger alarm controller, the detector is triggered, Output will be a signal to the alarm switch control box, thus starting the transmitter control box, the control box coding, Defense was the area code and trigger a good pre-installed police information through telephone lines to receive a report sent to the mainframe CP220, CP220 processing, serial data lines performed by the computer center software, computer automatically transmitted to demonstrate the accuracy of the contents and printed. However, the entire process of receiving a few seconds played a rapid Alarming purposes.3. Constitute modules introduced3.1 Various security detectorsAt present, anti-theft detectors are reported as follows:Magnetometer switches, passive infrared detectors, infrared / microwave detectors, active infrared detectors, oscillation sensors. Broken glass detectors, detectors Brown and so on.3.2 All kinds of security control box / transmitterThe control box is used with security communications network dedicated microprocessor-based controller / communication devices. The aircraft passed through the keyboard or into or read out EZ-MATE programmer to program data. EEPROM memory integrated circuits to the storage and use, when power-down power, the information would not be lost.The number of security control box can be divided into many types of defense under control box. For example, the FBI has XL-2S serial control box (7 defense), XL-3 (12 lines).XL-4 (72 lines).XL-5(136 lines), regardless of the number of lines. Network control box has two components, namely the scene alarm control and communication devicesOP comparison is the scene reported controller circuit loop when the defense was short circuit or open circuit when the loop current detector will change. Then compare circuit will be turned over to trigger microprocessor, and the microprocessor driven through the drive circuit scene horn. Serve the purpose of this report to the scene.EEPROM is used for microprocessors and communications. Manual programming software through the keyboard or remote communications center phone numbers and codes prepared in advance, namely the control box, users coding, the defensive line of code, code and other defense intelligence police function code, when police at the scene alarm controller, activated dialing telephone dial-up Internet access, mainframe access and alarm center, its good communications code that is transmitted in advance to the mainframe, played the role of communications.3.3. CP220 Alarm4. Anti-theft system componentsAnti-theft system consists of three main components: a part for the control box; Second part of probe; three parts to the receiving host.1. The control box is divided into two control box wired and wireless control box.I: Cable control: a control box electricity cable will be linked with the probe, the four-wire system (four cores), the second line connected to the power supply. United signal reception.II: Wireless control: a probe with a wireless transmitter, hosts receive alarm signals through the wireless signal receiver2. Can be divided into categories: infrared and microwave probe, double probes, ultrasonic shock sensors, microprocessor probe magnetometer probe.I. Source: internal probe infrared receiver can receive specific infrared signal, a warning signal is issued.II. Microwave probe: launch microwave and microwave sensor receiving the original signal had been destroyed and issued a report.III. Double with infrared and microwave internal probe: two functions.IV. Magnetometer probe: Switch to open the closed through magnetometer issued a warning signal.V.by ion-probe: defense, photoelectric sensors to feel the scene of the fire, and issued a warning signal.VI. Infrared probe of the firing: Infrared transmission and reception by a group composed of devices can work in all weather, the detection range, small interference.VII.Broken glass of shattered glass sensors: induction frequency, and issued a warning signal.VIII. objects vibration sensors feelings of shock caused by the internal circuit ball off. -- Pulse caused alarm.IX. Emergency buttons, feet challenges to prevent demolition of a switch: for the opening and closing circuit If a switch opening and closing movements, there are alarm signal output.5. The control boxTo probe the role of managing role, but can supply, the police will be able to export and contain backup batteries, able to distinguish the authenticity of the alarm signal, an alarm, a police communications role.6. The role of the police receive mainframe (I products)Can accept signals and signal processing, record and report printing. Can work independently, not because of computer glitches, and the loss of police intelligence, capacity expansion and compatibility with maps, city maps Modular components, easy maintenance(I) FBI control box1. Characteristics: international brands, high quality, simple to operate, durable and reliable, reasonable prices.2. Characteristics:I. Reception CP220X FBI mainframe. Reliable: After extensive application of 30 countries.II. Compatibility: compatible with all international adoption control box, the control box can be used along with the largest (136 lines), and can identify defense area code, can use various communications format including rapid format CID format.III. it’s able to handle hi gh capacity: 400,000 households reported 8 telephone lines can be extended.IV. Offline backup power available after 24 hours of continuous work.V. against lightning.VI. Programming is simple: in keyboard, built-EEPOM memoryVII. Programming information will not be lost after the blackout began. a self-functional.VIII. Modular Design: Easy to maintain.(II) Management software Malvern Chinese characteristicsThe simple, regular inspection, dropping reported receiving information, users can show the contents of the report to the defense state, have not deployed suggest that the alarm automatically record the time, receive CID format, the software can be upgraded, and multimedia functions.附件1：外文资料翻译译文美国FBII 防盗报警联网系统随着社会经济的不断发展，安防技术也不断更新和进步。

电子信息工程外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)译文：利用修改后的迈克耳孙干涉仪进行长度测量的初步结果摘要:基于飞秒加速器的装置，该装置建造在上海应用物理研究所(SINAP),最近一个经修改后的远红外迈克耳孙干涉仪通过光学自相关方法，已经被用来测量电子光束的长度。

相比较于之前常规的迈克耳孙干涉仪,我们使用一个空心回射器而不是一个平面反射镜的反射镜。

本文将为大家介绍实验设置和长度测量的结果。

关键词：飞秒线性加速器，长度串，干涉仪，空心回射器1 介绍最近关于电子脉冲压缩的实验产生高峰值电流和亮度飞秒电子串。

关于短束源自于高质量光束的潜在应用要求这方面一起了广泛兴趣。

高质量的核物理加速器,自由电子激光器驱动加速器,下一代线性对撞机,第四代光源都需要短时间光束脉冲。

同时,在进程中对诊断的短电子串的研究也起了重要作用。

有几种已经使用或正在开发的方法去测量短电子串的长度。

这些一般分为两类:频域方法和时域方法。

众所周知，在时域测量长度的方法中使用条纹相机，条纹相机已经证实是限于串长度超过200 fs ，此外,条纹相机昂贵并且测量系统复杂。

相对于时域测量方法，频域测量使用相干过渡辐射(CTR )从金属箔在测量飞秒脉冲的短电子中已经显现出前景。

本文我们首先从短电子串方面给出了基于一代的高强度相干渡越辐射的理论和试验研究,然后讨论该方法基于相干渡越辐射测量束飞秒的长度,并从改进电子实验装置给出了串长度测量的结果。

最后,我们分析了空气湿度对串长度测量的影响，并且阐释了对未来研究的计划。

2 理论背景2.1 相干渡越辐射源自于相对论性电子串辐射如同步加速器辐射跃迁辐射等，本质上有较广的范围，如果辐射的波长短于电子串长度，这个阶段的辐射电子不同于彼此，所以辐射是不连贯的。

另一方面,如果波长较长的串长度，辐射是连贯的并且辐射强度的平方成正比每串数字电子。

光谱强度发出一束N 粒子：11()()(1)()|()|tot I NI N N I f λλλλ=+- （2-1）这里1()I λ是靠单电子辐射的强度，()f λ是串形成因素，这是傅里叶变换的规范化的电子密度分布()S Z 。

测控专业英语翻译Unit1Measurement,ControlandInstrumentationInstrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control. Instrumentation engineers are responsible for controlling a whole system like a power plant. 译为：仪器可定义为测量和控制的艺术和科学。

仪器工程师负责控制整个系统，比如一个电厂。

An instrument is a device that measures and/or regulates process variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances that can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers.译为：仪器是一种用来测量和/或调节过程变量（如流量、温度、液位或压力）的装置。

仪器包括许多不同的设备，可以像阀和变送器那样简单，也可以像分析仪那样复杂。

Instruments often comprise control systems of varied processes such as refineries, factories, and vehicles. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation. Instrumentation can also refer to handheld devices that measure some desired variable. Diverse handheld instrumentation is common in laboratories, but can be found in the household as well. For example, a smoke detector is a common instrument found in most western homes.译为：仪器通常由如精炼厂、工厂和车辆这些不同流程的控制系统组成。

（信息技术）电子信息工程测控技术与仪器外文翻译外文文献英文文献外文出处：Springer-Link电子期刊附件1：外文资料翻译译文SJA1000独立的CAN控制器应用指南1介绍SJA1000是壹个独立的CAN控制器，它于汽车和普通的工业应用上有先进的特征。

由于它和PCA82C200于硬件和软件均兼容，因此它将会替代PCA82C200。

SJA1000有壹系列先进的功能适合于多种应用，特别于系统优化、诊断和维护方面非常重要。

本文是要指导用户设计基于SJA1000的完整的CAN节点。

同时本文仍提供典型的应用电路图和编程的流程图。

2概述SJA1000独立的CAN控制器有2个不同的操作模式：BasicCAN模式(和PCA82C200）兼容PeliCAN模式BasicCAN模式是上电后默认的操作模式。

因此，用PCA82C200开发的已有硬件和软件能够直接于SJA1000上使用，而不用作任何修改。

PeliCAN模式是新的操作模式，它能够处理所有CAN2.0B规范的帧类型。

而且它仍提供壹些增强功能使SJA1000能应用于更宽的领域。

2.1CAN节点结构通常，每个CAN模块能够被分成不同的功能块。

SJA1000使用[3][4][5]最优化的CAN收发器连接到CAN。

收发器控制从CAN控制器到总线物理层或相反的逻辑电平信号。

上面壹层是壹个CAN控制器，它执行于CAN规范[8]里规定的完整的CAN协议。

它通常用于报文缓冲和验收滤波，而所有这些CAN功能，均由壹个模块控制器控制它负责执行应用的功能。

例如，控制执行器、读传感器和处理人机接口（MMI）。

如图1所示，SJA1000独立的CAN控制器通常位于微型控制器和收发器之间，大多数情况下这个控制器是壹个集成电路。

图1CAN模块装置2.2结构图下图是SJA1000的结构图图2SJA1000的结构图根据CAN规范，CAN核心模块控制CAN帧的发送和接收。

接口管理逻辑负责连接外部主控制器，该控制器能够是微型控制器或任何其他器件。

Technology and Application of Fieldbus Control System ---------IntelligentEquipment & Measurement And Control System Based on DeviceNetPromoted by the new technological revolution that automation control technology is tending digitization and internet in the field of automation industry, Shanghai Aton Electric Co., Ltd. developed Intelligent Equipment & Measurement And Control System Based on DeviceNet as a high and new technology industrialization model project. It was a state hi-tech development project of 2000 and was approved by the State Committee of Technology. Shanghai Aton Electric Co., Ltd. constructed production line of intelligent controller of pump and valve, relying on Shanghai Electric (Group) Corporation; constructed measurement and control system FCS R&D center of intelligent controller of pump and valve and built up mass production R&D basis, cooperating with Shanghai Jiaotong University and Shanghai University; constructed FCS remote diagnosis and service center of intelligent controller of pump and valve; constructed FCS training center of intelligent controller of pump and valve; founded mass production R&D basis along with the Rockwell Laboratory of Shanghai Jiaotong University and CIMS Center.1 Summary(1)Fieldbus control system is a system applied to field of production and microcomputerized measurement control equipment to realize both-way multinode serial communications. It is also called low-level control network for open, digital and multiplespot communications.Application: Flow Control System of Manufacturing; Process Control System; Traffic Control & Management; Building Automation. Features: Fieldbus control system is low-level low-bandwidth digital communication and control network in industrial system as well as open system connecting microcomputerized appearance. Intelligent instrument and controller are equal to microcomputer. They make up network with Fieldbus control system as the links to complete digital communication and other tasks.(2)Difference between FCS and DCS,FCS is updated control system after DCS integrated with digital control system and distributing control system. It solves the problem that in traditional DCS, devices made by different manufacturers cannot be connected. They can't realize exchange and operation to organize an network system with wider range of information sharing. It conquers the defect that special closed system for network should be used for communication in DCS to realize various functions of integrated automation. It turns the distributing structure combiningconcentration with deconcentration in DCS into new-type full distributing structure. It releases the control function to the field thoroughly and makes it possible to realize basic control function by means of fieldbus equipment itself. FCS breaks the traditional structure form of control system. The traditional analog control system adopts one-to-one equipment tie-wire and puts up connections respectively according to control loop. FCS adopts intelligent field equipment to place the control module, all input/output modules that used to be in the control chamber of DCS into field equipment. Since field equipment has ability to communicate, the field measuring and transferring instruments can transfer signals to actuating mechanism such as valve directly. Its control function can be fulfilled directly on the spot independent of the computer or control meter in the control chamber, which realizes thorough decentralized control.FCS adopts digital signals to replace analog signals so that multiple signals (including multiple operating parameter values, device status and failure information) can be transferred on a pair of cables. Meanwhile, it can give power supply to several devices. No switched block for analog/digital or digital/analog is needed besides fieldbus.(3)Characteristics of FCS●Open System;●Interoperability;● replace ability of devices made by different manufacturers.● Intelligentize and Autonomy;●Field equipment completing basic functions of automatic control.●Decentralized System Structure;●Field Adaptability;●Relatively Strong Interference Killing Feature and Safety●Intelligentized local equipment can save investment and quantity of hardware●Saving installation expenses and cables●Saving daily maintenance expenses●Enhancing accuracy and reliability of system●Enhancing initiativeness of system integration for users(4)Development Background and Trend of Fieldbus Control System,With the rapid development of computer and computer network, FCS has been rapidly developed as the interlinked communication network between the field intelligentdevices in the field of process automation, building and traffic etc. Because FCS meets the needs that industrial control system is developing in the way of decentralization, network and intellectualized, it has become the focus of global industrial automation and been universally concerned by the whole world. FCS has caused great revolutions on the aspects of system structure and function system for the current production of automation instrument, distributing control system and programmable controller. It is predicted that FCS will be the general trends in a very long time in the future fore sure.2 APPLICATION OF RELAYThe product reliability generally refers to the operating reliability. It is defined as: the ability of accomplishing the specified function under prescribed conditions and in prescribed time. It consists of intrinsic reliability and application reliability. The intrinsic reliability is determined by product designing and manufacturing technique, and the application reliability is concerned with the correct application of users and the services provided by the manufacturer before and after selling. When using relay, the user should pay attention to the following items.2.1 Coil applied voltageIt is best to choose the coil applicative voltage according to the rated voltage in design, or choose the voltage according to the temperature rising curve. Using any coil voltage that is less than the rated voltage will affect the operation of the relay. The coil operating voltage refers to the voltage that is applied between the coil terminals. The voltage value between the two terminals must be guaranteed, especially when using enlargement circuit to energize the coil. Whereas, it will also affect the relay characteristics if the applied voltage exceeds the highest rated voltage. Exorbitant voltage will bring exorbitant coil temperature rising, especially in high temperature ambient. Exorbitant temperature rising will damage the insulating material and affect the working safety of relay. For magnetic latching relay, energizing (or return) pulse width should not less than 3 times of the operating (or return) time, otherwise, the relay would be left on the middle-position state. When using solid-state components to energize the coil, the components dielectric strength must be above 80V, and the leakage of current must be as little as possible to ensure the relay to release.Energizing power source: Under 110% of the rated current, the adjusting ratio of the power source is less than 10% (or the output impedance is less than 5% of the coilimpedance), the wave voltage of the DC power source is less than 5%. The AC wave is sine wave; the waviness coefficient is between 0.95~1.25; wave distortion is within ±10%; the frequency change is within±1Hz or ±1% of the specified frequency (choosing the bigger value). The output power should not less than coil power consumption.2.2 Transient suppressionAt the moment when the coil power is stopped, peak-inverse voltage that is more than 30 times of the coil rated voltage is produced on the coil, which is harmful to the electronic circuit. Generally, the peak-inverse voltage is suppressed by transient suppression（cutting-peak）diode or resistance to limit the peak-inverse voltage within 50V. But the diode in parallel connection will delay3~5 times of the release time. If the request of the release time is high, a suitable resistance in series can be putted with and at one end of the diode.The power supply to relays in parallel connection and series connection,When several relays in parallel connection are supplied, the relay that the peak-inverse voltage is higher will release power to the relays that the peak-inverse voltage is lower. The release time of the relay will delay. So the relays in parallel connection should be controlled separately to eliminate mutual influence.The relays with different coil resistance and power can’t be used in series, otherwise, t he relay that the coil current is higher in the series circuit can’t operate reliably. Only the relays of the same specification can be used in series, but the peak-inverse voltage will be increased and the peak-inverse voltage should be suppressed. Resistance in series can be used to bear the part voltage that exceeds the rated voltage of the coil according to the ratio of the divided voltage.2.2.1 Contact loadThe load applied to the contacts should be accordant to the rated load and characteristics of the contacts. A load that is not applied according to the rated value range will cause problem. The relay that is only suitable for DC load can’t be used in AC occasions. The relay that can switch 10A load can’t always reliably operate in low level load (less than 10m A×6A) or in dry circuit occasions. The relay that can switch single-phase AC power source isn’t always suitable to switch two single-phase AC loads that aren’t synchronous; the relay that is only specif ied to switch the load of AC 50Hz（or 60Hz）can’t be used to switch AC load of 400Hz.2.2.2 Parallel and series connection of contactsThe contacts used in parallel connection can’t increase the load current, because the operating times of several sets of contacts are absolutely different; that is to say, there is still only a set of contacts switching the increased load. This would damage or weld the contacts and make the contacts can’t close or open. The parallel connection of the contacts can decrease t he misplay of “break”. But the parallel connection of the contacts would increase the misplay of “freezing”. Because the misplay of “break” is the main pattern of invalidation of contacts, the parallel connection can increase the reliability and can be used on the pivotal part of equipments. But the applied voltage should not exceed the highest operating voltage of the coil and should not less than 90% of the rated voltage, otherwise, the coil life and the applicative reliability would be damaged. The series connection of the contacts can increase the load voltage. The amount of the contact sets is equal to the times that the load voltage can be increased. The series connection of contacts can decrease the misplay of “freezing”, but it would increase the mis play of “break”. Anyway, when using redundant technology to increase the operating reliability of contacts, the characteristics and size and the failure mode of load must be considered.2.2.3 Switching speedThe switching speed should not exceed the reciprocal of 10 times of the sum of operating and release time (times/s), otherwise, the contacts can’t switch on steadily. Magnetic latching should be used under the pulse width specified in the technique criterion, or the coil may be damaged.3 RVT DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY INTEGRATE TESTAPPARATUSBasic functionMeasure asupervision:Three mutually electric voltage/electric current/ power factor with a great achievement/ power without a great achievement/electricity with a great achiverment/electricity/homophonic-wave electric voltage/ homophonic-wave electric/ current Day electric voltage/ electric current biggest and minimum value/fire for the failure Electric voltage over top, the limit/ lack mutually of time homophonic-wave analyzes is up to 13 times.The data is stored for 2 months.The data communicateRS232/485 communicating connect，The way in communicating can adopt the spot communicating or the long range communicating.，Possible to settle invoke orthe solid hour invokes, responding to the modification and long ranges control of the parameter.Without power compensationTaking physics measures as the power factor without a great achievement,the power factor with a great achievement and the dull place without power compensation;Y+ the combination method of the △，Y+ the △connects the line method，Y+ △ , Y, the △ connects the line method.Data managementAccording to WINDOW98 operation terrace, data in communication automatically reports born statement, curve and pillar form diagrams.Circulation of the protectionWhen the charged barbed wire net of mutually electric voltage over press, owe to press, and a super limit hour fast cut off in expiation of capacitor，When the charged barbed wire net lacks mutually or super limit in the preface of zero hour fast cut off in expiation of capacitor.screen manifestationChinese operation interface，Adopt 128*64 the back light liquid crystal display.The solid hour shows the charged barbed wire net relevant parameter.view manifestation to place the parameter.现场总线控制系统的技术和应用随着新的科学技术革命的出现，在自动化工业领域中，自动控制技术的发展趋向于数字化和网络互联化。

The Essence of Measurement and Control Technology: An Introduction toInstrumentationIn the vast landscape of engineering disciplines, Measurement and Control Technology, often referred to as Instrumentation, stands as a pivotal force in the modern world. This field, encompassing multiple subdomains like automation, precision measurement, and control systems, is at the forefront of technological advancements, shaping how we interact with machines, systems, and the world at large. At its core, Instrumentation is the science and art of acquiring, processing, and utilizing information to monitor and control physical processes. This involves the design, development, and implementation of precise measuring devices, known as instruments, which are critical in converting raw data into meaningful information. These instruments range from simple thermometers and pressure gauges to complex sensors and automated systems, each tailored to specific applications and environments.The instrumentation engineer's toolbox is diverse, encompassing electronics, computer science, and mechanicalengineering principles. They must have a deep understanding of signal processing, which involves converting analog signals from sensors into digital information that computers can understand. This digital information is then processed using algorithms to extract valuable insights and control the system accordingly.Automation is a crucial aspect of Instrumentation. Automation systems, powered by instrumentation, enable precise control over various processes, from industrial manufacturing lines to spacecraft navigation. These systems can adjust parameters in real-time, optimizing performance and minimizing errors. Instrumentation engineers play a vital role in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of these systems, ensuring they function seamlessly under various conditions.Precision measurement is another cornerstone of Instrumentation. Accurate measurements are essential in fields like healthcare, where instrumentation is used to monitor patient health and administer treatment. In research and development, precise measurements are critical for understanding physical phenomena and推进技术突破。

测控技术与仪器专业英语阅读翻译各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢篇一：测控技术与仪器专业英语翻译5. InheritanceIn Figure , the classes SalesOrderCheclcPmt and SalesOrderCreditPmt are called subclasses of SalesOrder. The class SalesOrder is called the super class of SalesOrderCheckPmt and SalesOrderCreditPmt. The relationship between a class and its subclass (or superclass) is called generalization or specialization. Subclasses inherit attributes and operations from their class. A subclass has its own additional attributes and operations. For example, the class SalesOrderCreditPmt inherits the attributesorder No, order Date, delivery Date, and order Terms and the methods calcTotal and changeDelivDate. In this case, the class SalesOrder is the generalized class, and SalesOrderCheckPrmt and SalesOrderCreditPrmt are the specialized classes.6. PolymorphismEarlier it was mentioned that a DVR and a DVD player that respond similarly but differently to the same message are polymorphic. Polymorphism means “having many forms”. In the context of OQSAD, polymorphism means that the same message can invoke similar but different behavior. Thus, a message that invokes the operation calcTotalQ of a :SalesOrder object will result in the sales order total calculation; a message that invokes the operation calcTotaIQ of a PurchaseOrder object will result in a purchase order total calculation. Theimplementation of the operations in the respective classes will be different.Foundations of the object modelStructured design methods evolved to guide developers who were trying to build complex systems using algorithms as their fundamental building blocks. Similarly, object-oriented design methods have evolved to help developers exploit the expressive power of object-based and object- oriented programming languages, using the class and object as basic building blocks. Foundations of the object model.Actually, the object model has been influenced by a number of factors, not just object-oriented programming. The object model has proven to be a unifying concept in computer science, applicable not just to programming languages but also to the design of user interfaces, databases, and even computer architectures. The reason for this widespread appeal is simply thatan object orientation helps us to cope with the complexity inherent in many different kinds of systems.5。