B1524-136 A CSS quasar with two-sided radio jets
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Graphics Card RequirementComputer with Mini DisplayPort 1.2-compatible graphics card (e.g. AMD Radeon with AMD Eyefinity) required for video wall mode. Backward compatible with most Mini DisplayPort 1.1a equipment running current graphics drivers with feature set limited to that of your equipment. Compatibility with older graphics cards not guaranteed. MST compliant DisplayPort 1.2 graphics cards are limited to a bandwidth of 21.6 Gbps amongst all monitors, with higher resolution monitors using up more bandwidth. 1080p monitors will use up approximately 22% of bandwidth, whereas 4K monitors will use 40% or more. As each monitor will be different, it is necessary to verify the percentage of bandwidth being used by each monitor in the display settings interface for your graphics card. If the total percentage of bandwidth taken up by all of the connected monitors exceeds 100%, an image will not display on one or more of them.Maximum supported video resolutions and number of monitors depend on your graphics card. Check graphics card specifications to determine its capabilities.2-Port Mini DisplayPort to DVI Multi-Monitor Splitter, MST Hub, DP1.2, TAAMODEL NUMBER:B155-002-DVI-V2Displays the same image on 2 DVI monitors, extends the desktop across them, or combines both into one large monitor. Ideal for digital signage in schools, churches, conference rooms, trade shows and retail outlets.DescriptionThe B155-002-DVI-V2 2-Port Mini DisplayPort 1.2 to DVI MST Hub connects two DVI monitors to the Mini DisplayPort output on your computer. Ideal for digital signage in schools, churches, conference rooms, trade shows, hotels and retail outlets, this hub allows you to display the same image on both monitors, extend the desktop across them, or combine both as one large monitor in video wall mode.The B155-002-DVI-V2 is compliant with Mini DisplayPort 1.2 and backward compatible with versions 1.1 and 1.1a with the feature set being limited to that of your equipment. It supports high-definition video resolutions up to 1080p @ 60 Hz (1920 x 1080) on each monitor. Expanded video resolutions are supported when displaying in video wall mode, such as 3840 x 1080 in a horizontal 1 x 2 monitor configuration or 1920 x 2160 in a vertical 2 x 1 monitor configuration. The B155-002-DVI-V2 also supports HDCP, EDID, DDC and 48-bit Deep Color (16 bits per channel), as well as DTS-HD, Dolby TrueHD and 7.1-channel surround sound audio.This MST hub works with all operating systems. Plug-and-play convenience means no software, drivers or external power supply is needed. A built-in six-inch cable connects directly to a Mini DisplayPort source. LEDs indicate when the monitors are receiving a signal. The B155-002-DVI-V2 complies with the Federal Trade Agreements Act (TAA) for GSA Schedule purchases.Features HighlightsSupports HD video resolutionsup to 1080p @ 60 Hz (1920 x1080)qBuilt-in 6 in. cable connectsdirectly to Mini DisplayPortsourceqSupports up to 48-bit DeepColor (16 bits per channel)qWorks with all operatingsystemsqSupports DTS-HD, DolbyTrueHD and 7.1-channelsurround soundqSystem RequirementsComputer with Mini DisplayPort1.2-compatible graphics card(e.g. AMD Radeon with AMDEyefinity) required for video wall mode.qBackward compatible with mostMini DisplayPort 1.1a equipment running current graphics drivers with feature set limited to that of your equipment. Compatibilitywith older graphics cards notguaranteed.qMac OS X does not supportMST for NVIDIA and IntelGraphics Processor Units,limiting video display onconnected monitors to mirrormode.qMaximum supported videoresolutions and number ofmonitors depend on yourgraphics card. Check graphicscard specifications to determine its capabilities.qMonitor(s) with DVI input.qPackage IncludesB155-002-DVI-V2 2-Port MiniDisplayPort 1.2 to DVI MST Hub qUSB Micro-B cable, 3 ft.qOwner’s manualqSpecificationsConnects 2 DVI Monitors to Your Computer’s Mini DisplayPort Output Ideal for digital signs inschools, churches, conference rooms, trade shows and retail settingsDisplays same image on 2 monitors simultaneously in mirror modeExtends desktop across 2 monitors in extended modeCombines 2 monitors into one large monitor in video wall modeBuilt-in 6 in. cable connects directly to Mini DisplayPort sourceLEDs indicate when monitors are receiving a signalMeets the Latest Performance Standards Supports HD video resolutions up to 1080p @ 60 Hz (1920 x 1080)Expanded video resolutions are supported in video wall mode, such as 3840 x 1080 in a horizontal 1x 2 monitor configuration or 1920 x 2160 in a vertical 2 x 1 configurationSupports HDCP, EDID andDDCSupports 48-bit Deep Color (16 bits per channel)Supports DTS-HD, Dolby TrueHD and 7.1-channel surround sound audioEasy to Use Almost Anywhere Works with all operating systemsPlug and play—no software, drivers or external power supply requiredIncluded USB Micro-B cable provides powerTAA Compliant Complies with Federal Trade Agreements Act (TAA) for GSA Schedule purchases© 2023 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. Eaton is a registered trademark. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.。
HP 75000 SERIES B and C Four-Channel Isolated Fixed Filter and Amplifier Signal Conditioning Plug-on HP E1514A and HP E1515A User’s Manual Enclosed is the User’s Manual for the HP E1514A and HP E1515A Signal Conditioning Plug-ons. Insert this manual in your HP E1413/E1313 or HP E1415manual behind the “Signal Conditioning Plug-ons”divider.Manual Part Number: E1514-90002Printed: October 1996 Edition 2Printed in U.S.A. E 1096E1514-90002Copyright © Hewlett-Packard Company, 1996HP E1514A and HP E1515A Four-Channel Isolated Fixed Filter andAmplifier Signal Conditioning Plug-onIntroductionThe HP E1514 and HP E1515 are Signal Conditioning Plug-ons that eachprovide four channels of galvanically isolated, fixed-gain amplifiers withfixed bandwidth filtering. The difference between the two SCPs is theirfilter frequency.Features Set•True galvanic isolation. DC isolation impedance is at least 108 Ohmsat 0-55°C and 65% relative humidity•Operates with the 16 volt full-scale A/D range only. The gain of 1amplification provides 16-bit resolution of differential input voltagesfrom 0 to ±16V•Differential input impedance is 1 Megohm to channel common•Common mode input up to ±60 volts DC or 42 volts peak AC•HP E1514A bandwidth is 10 Hz, HP E1515A bandwidth is 100Hz.•Open transducer detection is provided.About this ManualThis manual shows you how your program can read the SCP’s parametersusing SCPI commands, and explains the capabilities of this SCP. Finally, itcovers specifications for this SCP. The contents of this manual are:•Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3•Connecting To The Terminal Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4•Programming With SCPI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7•Programming With Register Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9•Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 InstallationInstallation for this Plug-on is common to several others and is covered inChapters 1 and 2 of your HP E1413/E1313 or HP E1415 manual.Connecting To The Terminal ModuleThe SCP connections for the Terminal Modules are shown on the stick-onlabels that came with the SCP. Use the appropriate label for the type ofTerminal Module you have. The connections and appropriate stickers are asfollows:•For HP E1413C and above as well as the HP E1415A TerminalModules, use the E1514-84304 labels. The connections are shown inFigure 1.•For HP E1313 Terminal Modules, use the E1514-84303 labels. Theconnections are shown in Figures 2 and 3.•For HP E1413B and below Terminal Modules, see the connectionsshown in Figure 4.The HP E1514/15’s Connection Formula Even numbered H and L terminals on the Terminal Module connect to the HP E1514/15’s High and Low inputs . The next higher odd numbered L terminal becomes the HP E1514/15’s C input. The C input is the isolated Common terminal and needs to be driven by the test article’s common-mode noise voltage (see Figure 6). G terminals on the Terminal module are not used for the HP E1514/15 Isolated Input SCPs.Figure 1 HP E1514/15 C-Size Terminal Module ConnectionsFigure 2 HP E1514/15 B-size Terminal Module (Ch 00-31)Figure 3 HP E1514/15 B-size Terminal Module (Ch 32-63)Figure 4 HP E1514/15 Connections with HP E1413BRecommended Measurement ConnectionsThe following illustration shows the recommended method of wiring to theHP E1514/15.Note To provide the specified common mode noise rejection (CMR), the isolatedCommon terminal (Cnn) must be driven by the common mode voltagesource. This is shown in Figure 5.Input Voltage LimitsFigure 6 shows the normal mode and common mode voltage limitations.Figure 5 Wiring to the HP E1514/15 Isolated SCP Figure 6 Maximum Operating VoltagesProgramming With SCPI CommandsThe SCPI commands shown here are covered in Chapters 3 and 5 of yourHP E1413/E1313 manual. This section will relate those commands to theparameter values which are specific to this Plug-on.Fixed Range Only!This isolation SCP must be used on the 16 volt A/D range only. Anyreadings made through this SCP while not on the 16 volt A/D range willreturn an overload value ±9.9E37. This means that AUTO range must notbe used. When you set the channel’s measurement function using one of the[SENSe:]FUNCtion:… commands, always specify the 16 volt range.An example:SENS:FUNC:VOLT 16,(@108,110,112,114)volt through all 4 HP E1514channels at SCP position 1Since the HP E1514/15 has a gain of 1, and must be used on the 16 volt A/Drange, it follows that the usable input range is zero to ±16 volts with 16-bitresolution.Checking the IDof the SCP To verify the SCP type(s) installed on the HP E1413/E1313 use the SYSTem:CTYPe? (@<channel>) command.•The channel parameter specifies a single channel in the channelrange covered by the SCP of interest. The first channel number for each of the eight SCP positions are; 0,8,16,24,32,40,48, and 56.The value returned for this SCP is:HEWLETT-PACKARD,E1514 4-Channel Isolated Fixed Filter SCP,0,0 orHEWLETT-PACKARD,E1515 4-Channel Isolated Fixed Filter SCP,0,0To determine the type of SCP installed on channels 0 through 7 send SYST:CTYP? (@100)query SCP type @ ch 0 enter statement hereQuerying the Filter Cutoff Frequency While the the HP E1514/15 does not provide programmable cutoff frequency the filter frequency can be queried. The response to this query will always be 10 for the HP E1514, and 100 for the HP E1515. To query any channel for its cutoff frequency use theINPut:FILTer[:LPASs]:FREQuency? (@<channel>) command. The INP:FILT:FREQ? command returns the numeric cutoff value currently set for the channel specified.•The channel parameter must specify a single channel.To query the cutoff frequency of channel 6 sendINP:FILT:FREQ? (@106)query channel 6enter statement hereQuerying the Filter State While the HP E1514/15 does not allow controlling whether the filters are enabled or disabled, this state can be queried. The response to this query will always be 1. To query any channel to determine if it is enabled or disabled use the INPut:FILTer[:LPASs][:STATe]? (@<channel>) command. The INP:FILT? command returns a 0 if the channel is OFF or a 1 if the channel is ON.•The channel parameter must specify a single channel.To query the filter state of channel 2 sendINP:FILT? (@102)query channel 2enter statement hereQuerying the Channel Gain While the HP E1514/15’s amplifiers have fixed gain, the channel gain can be queried. The response to this query will always be 1. To query any channel to determine its gain setting use the INPut:GAIN? (@<channel>) command. The INP:GAIN? command returns the current gain value for the specified channel.•The channel parameter must specify a single channel.To query the gain setting of channel 8 sendINP:GAIN? (@106)query channel 6enter statement hereHP E1413/E1313 Register Based ProgrammingThe register-based commands shown here are covered in Appendix D of theHP E1413/E1313 manual. You should read that section first to becomefamiliar with accessing registers and executing Register-Based Commands.This section will relate those commands to the parameter values which arespecific to this Plug-on.When Register Programming an SCP most communication is through theSignal Conditioning Bus. For that you will use the Register Commands:SCBWRITE <regaddr> <regvalue>andSCBREAD? <regaddr>HP E1514/15 Register MapSCP Model Read (returned value)SCP Register<regaddr> ValueHP E1514 only SCP ID (828216)Whole SCP Reg 000ppp0000002HP E1515 only SCP ID (838316) Whole SCP Reg 000ppp0000002Both SCP Gain Scale (XXX216)Whole SCP Reg 100ppp0000012Both Channel Gain( XXX016=64)Channel Reg 101pppccc0012XX=don’t care ppp=Plug-on #ccc=SCP chan. # Checking ID of SCP To query an SCP for its ID value, write the following value to ParameterRegister 1:(SCP number)× 4016Then write the opcode for SCBREAD? (080016) to the Command Register.The ID value will be returned to the Query Response Register.Checking the SCP’sGain Scale To read the SCP scale, write the following SCP channel address to Parameter Register 1:(SCP number)× 4016+ 116Then write the opcode for SCBREAD? (080016) to the Command Register. The channel gain value will be returned to the Query Response Register.Checking a Channel’s Gain To read the gain for an SCP channel, write the following SCP channel address to Parameter Register 1:20016+(SCP number)× 4016+(SCP channel number)× 816+ 116 Then write the opcode for SCBREAD? (080016) to the Command Register. The channel gain value will be returned to the Query Response Register.SpecificationsThese specifications for the HP E1514/15 reflect the combined performanceof the HP E1413/E1313 or HP E1415 and the HP E1514/15 SignalConditioning Plug-on. These specifications are not to be added to thosepresented in the HP E1413/E1313 or HP E1415 User’s Manual.General SpecificationsMeasurement rangesDC Volts0 - ±16V FSMaximum input voltageOperating: < ±60 VDC, 42V peak AC(Normal mode plus common mode)Maximum common modeOperating: < ±60 VDC 42V peak ACvoltageNormal mode rejection HP E1514A@ 10Hz -6dB, @ 60Hz >-25dBHP E1515A@ 100Hz -6dB, @ 200Hz >-15dBCommon mode rejection HP E1514A DC @ 60V -105dBDC - 1KHz @ 42V peak -100dBDC - 10KHz @ 10V peak -80dBDC - 100KHz @ 2V peak -65dBHP E1515A DC @ 60V -105dBDC - 1KHz @ 42V peak -100dBDC - 10KHz @ 10V peak -80dBDC - 100KHz @ 2V peak -65dBInput impedance 1 Mohm ±2% (each differential input to isolated Common) Maximum tare cal offset 3.2213 VoltsMeasurement accuracy DC Volts (90 days) 23°C ±1°C (with *CAL? done after 1 hr warm up and CAL:ZERO? within 5 min.). If autoranging is ON, add ±.02% FS to accuracy specifications. For E1313, multiply Noise Spec. by 1.4.Range±V FSLinearity% of readingOffset ErrorµVNoise mV3 sigmaNoise mV*3 sigmaHP E1514A HP E1515A16160.0150.0159769762.12.11.71.7* HP E1413/1313 [SENS:]FILT:LPAS:STATE ON (max scan rate - 100 rdgs/sec/channel)Temperature Coefficients:Gain; 10ppm/°C. Offset; (0 - 40°C) .14µV/°C, (40 - 55°C) .8µV/°C。
100A study of young radio-loud AGN using space-VLBIIgnas Snellen1 ∗ , Wolfgang Tschager2 , Richard Schilizzi3,2 ¨ Huub Rottgering2 & George Miley2arXiv:astro-ph/0002393v1 21 Feb 20002Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 3 Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, Postbus 2, 7990 AA, Dwingeloo, The NetherlandsAbstract Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) sources form a key element in the study of the onset and evolution of radio-loud AGN, since they are most likely the young counterparts of extended radio sources. Here we discuss space-VLBI observations of GPS sources, which enable us to obtain unprecedented angular resolution at frequencies near their spectral turnovers. Observed peak brightness temperatures of 1010.5−11 Kelvin indicate that synchrotron self absorption is responsible for their spectral turnovers. This is in close agreement with previous size − spectral turnover statistics for GPS sources. The combination of these new space-VLBI observations with ground-based VLBI observations taken at an earlier epoch, confirm the young ages for the most compact GPS galaxies of several hundred years.11Young radio-loud AGNAlthough radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) have been studied for several decades, still not much is known about their birth and subsequent evolution. The recent identification of a class of very young radio sources can be considered as a major breakthrough in this respect, since it has opened many unique opportunities for radio source evolution studies. Unfortunately, the nomenclature and use of acronyms in this field of research is rather confusing. This is mainly caused by the different ways in which young radio sources are selected. Selection of young sources is made in two ways, the first based on their broadband radioThis research was supported by the European Commission, TMR Programme, Research Network Contract ERBFMRXCT96-0034 “CERES”, and the TMR Access to Large-scale Facilities programme under contract No. ERBFMGECT950012∗Space-VLBI observations of young radio sources101spectra, and the second based on their compact morphology. A convex shaped spectrum, peaking at about 1 GHz distinguishes young radio sources from other classes of compact radio sources. In this case they are called Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) radio sources (eg. O’Dea etal. 1991, O’Dea 1998). Similar objects, which are typically an order of magnitude larger in size, have their spectral turnovers shifted to the 10 − 100 MHz regime, causing them to be dominated at cm wavelengths by the optically thin parts of their spectra. These are called Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) radio sources to distinguish them from the general population of extended steep spectrum sources (eg. Fanti et al. 1991). On the other hand, young radio sources are found in multi-frequency VLBI surveys, in which they can be recognised by compact jet/lobe-like structures on both sides of their central core. They are called Compact Symmetric Objects (CSO, Wilkinson et al. 1994). Their double sided structures clearly distinguish them from the large majority of compact sources showing one-sided core-jet morphologies. This implies that the luminosities of CSO are unlikely to be substantially enhanced by Doppler boosting. Larger versions of CSOs are subsequently called Medium Symmetric Objects (MSO) and Large Symmetric Objects (LSO). The overlap between the classes of CSO and GPS galaxies is large and we believe that they can be considered to be identical objects. However, note that a substantial fraction of GPS sources are optically identified with high redshift quasars, which in general show core-jet structures (Stanghellini et al. 1997). The relationship between GPS quasars and GPS galaxies/CSO is not clear and under debate (Snellen et al. 1999). We therefore believe it is wise to restrict evolution studies to GPS galaxies and CSOs. Evidence for youth Although it was always speculated that GPS sources were young objects, only recently has strong evidence been found to support this hypothesis. Monitoring several GPS sources over a decade or more using VLBI, allowed Owsianik & Conway (1998) and Owsianik, Conway & Polatidis (1998) to measure the hotspot advance speeds of several prototype GPS sources to be ∼ 0.1h−1 c. These imply dynamical ages of typically 102−3 years. Additional proof for youth comes from analysis of the overall radio spectra of the somewhat larger CSS sources. Murgia et al (1999) showSpace-VLBI observations of young radio sources102that their spectra can be fitted with synchrotron aging models, implying ages of typically 103−5 years. The work of these authors shows that GPS/CSO sources are very young and most likely the progenitors of large, extended radio sources. This makes them key objects for radio source evolution studies. Tools for radio source evolution studies Several authors have used number count statistics and linear size distributions to constrain the luminosity evolution of radio sources (Fanti et al. 1995; Readhead et al. 1996, O’Dea & Baum 1997). All these studies find an excess of young objects in relation to the number of old, extended radio sources. This over-abundance of GPS and CSS sources has generally been explained by assuming that a radio source significantly decreases in luminosity over its lifetime. In this way, sources are more likely to contribute to flux density limited samples at young than at old age, causing the apparent excess. However, in addition to their over-abundance, GPS galaxies are found to be significantly more biased towards high redshift than large extended radio galaxies (Snellen & Schilizzi, 2000). This is puzzling since classes of sources representing similar objects at different stages of their evolution are expected to have similar birth functions and redshift distributions. Furthermore, it suggests that the interpretation of their number count statistics, which are averaged over a large redshift range, is not so straightforward. We have postulated a simple evolution scenario which can resolve these puzzles. We argue that the luminosity evolution of a radio-loud AGN during its first 105 years is qualitatively very different from that during the rest of its lifetime. This may be caused by a turnover in the density profile of the interstellar/intergalactic medium at the core-radius of the host galaxy, resulting in an increase in luminosity for young, and a decrease in luminosity for old radio-loud AGN with time. Such a luminosity evolution results in a flatter collective luminosity function for the young objects, causing their bias towards higher redshifts, and their over-abundance at bright flux density levels (Snellen et al. 2000). An alternative explanation is that GPS sources are indeed young AGN, but mainly short-lived objects, which will never evolve into extended radio sources (Readhead et al. 1994). In that case, the two populations are not directly connected, and no similar cosmological evolution or redshift distribution is necessary.Space-VLBI observations of young radio sources Table 1: Status of VSOP observations. id z Date of Obs Date of Obs 5 GHz 1.6 GHz 0108+388 Gal 0.669 1999.08.06 1999.08.05 0248+430 QSO 1.316 1999.02.15 1999.08.18 0552+398 QSO 2.370 1999.03.23 1999.01.15 0615+820 QSO 0.710 1999.09.18 tbd 0646+600 QSO 0.460 1999.09.20 1999.09.27 1333+459 QSO 2.450 1998.06.22 1999.05.28 1404+286 Gal 0.077 1998.06.30 tbd 2021+614 Gal 0.227 1997.11.16 1999.09.28 1550+582 QSO 1.324 1998.07.02 – 1622+665 Gal 0.201 1998.05.24 – 0636+680 QSO 3.180 1999.09.19 – Name 2 Space-VLBI observations of GPS sources103In general, the angular resolution of VLBI observations at a certain observing frequency is limited by the size of the earth. The combination of ground VLBI stations with the Japanese satellite HALCA (part of the VLBI Space Observatory Programme VSOP), achieves a resolution typically 3 times higher than this (∼ 1.5 mas and ∼ 0.5 mas at 1.6 and 5 GHz respectively). In particular, the study of GPS sources benefits from VSOP, since observing at a higher frequency to achieve a similar resolution is often not an option, because of their steep fall-off in flux density towards high frequency. Furthermore, their physical properties are most interesting around their spectral turnover, where differences in spectral indices within the source are more prominent than at high frequency. We have been awarded VSOP observing time for 11 and 8 of the brightest and most compact GPS sources at 5.0 and 1.6 GHz respectively. Details and status of the observations are listed in Table 1. At the time of writing, all targets at 5 GHz, and 6 of the 8 sources at 1.6 GHz have been observed. First results and discussion A large fraction of the sources have now been imaged. Some examples are shown in figures 1 and 2. Additional observations have been taken at 15 GHz with the VLBA to match the 5 GHz VSOP data in resolution,Space-VLBI observations of young radio sources1040108+388 5 GHz6 4PLot file version 4 created 02-FEB-2000 14:13:23 BOTH: 0108+388 IPOL 4857.938 MHZ 0108+388.ICLN.50108+388 5 GHz6 4PLot file version 4 created 02-FEB-2000 14:14:18 BOTH: 0108+388 IPOL 4857.938 MHZ 0108+388.ICLN.2VLBA onlyMilliARC SEC2MilliARC SEC200-2-2-4-4-6 0 -2 MilliARC SEC Center at RA 01 11 37.31673 DEC 39 06 28.1023 Grey scale flux range= 50.0 500.0 MilliJY/BEAM Cont peak flux = 6.1236E-01 JY/BEAM Levs = 1.500E-03 * (-6, -3, 3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600) 6 4 2 -4 -6-6 6 4 2VLBA+HALCA0 -2 MilliARC SEC Center at RA 01 11 37.31673 DEC 39 06 28.1023 Grey scale flux range= 0.0 300.0 MilliJY/BEAM Cont peak flux = 2.2430E-01 JY/BEAM Levs = 1.500E-03 * (-6, -3, 3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600) -4 -61.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0JanskysPLot file version 1 created 02-FEB-2000 14:23:07 Ampltude vs Time for 0108+388.UVF.1 IF 1 CHAN 1 STK LL of 0108+388.LLCLN.2 FDFringes to HALCA0108+388 5 GHzHNNLY07 05101520 25 TIME (HOURS)3035Figure 1: VSOP observations of 0108+388 at 5 GHz. The upper left panel shows the VLBA only image, the upper right panel shows the VLBA+HALCA image, and the lower panel shows some of the fringes of the VLBA antennas and the VLA to HALCA.Space-VLBI observations of young radio sources105PLot file version 2 created 01-FEB-2000 14:52:27 BOTH: J2022+61 IPOL 1634.000 MHZ J2022+61.LGEOM.1 82021+614PLot file version 1 created 01-FEB-2000 14:54:06 BOTH: 2021+614 LL 4962.000 MHZ cc.best.LGEOM.22021+6146VSOP 1.6 GHz5 4 3 2VSOP 5.0 GHz42MilliARC SECMilliARC SEC1 0 -10-2-2 -3 -4-4-6-5-8 0 -2 MilliARC SEC Center at RA 20 22 06.68588 DEC 61 36 58.8110 Grey scale flux range= 0.0 400.0 MilliJY/BEAM Cont peak flux = 4.2519E-01 JY/BEAM Levs = 1.000E-03 * (-6, -3, 3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600) 6 4 2 -4 -64 2 0 MilliARC SEC Center at RA 20 22 06.68016 DEC 61 36 58.8157 Grey scale flux range= 0.0 400.0 MilliJY/BEAM Cont peak flux = 5.4127E-01 JY/BEAM Levs = 1.000E-03 * (-6, -3, 3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600)-2-4Figure 2: VSOP observations of 2021+614 at 1.6 and 5 GHz. The dotted lines connect the two dominant features at 5 GHz with their position at 1.6 GHz. Note the importance of sufficient resolution near the spectral turnover frequency, where the differences in spectral index between the components are most prominent. which will allow detailed spectral decompositions of the objects. In particular, this may sched new light on the nature of the GPS quasars and the role of Doppler boosting in these sources. One of the first results of these observations are the high brightness temperatures observed of typically 1010.5−11 Kelvin. This indicates that these objects must be near their synchrotron self absorption (SSA) turnover at the observed frequency, making it very likely that indeed SSA is the cause of their spectral peaks. This is in agreement with the statistical arguments of Snellen et al. (2000), who found that among samples of GPS and CSS sources, the ratio of component size, as derived from the spectral peak assuming SSA, and overall angular size, are constant and very similar to those found for large extended radio sources. This not only implies self-similar evolution, but also provides strong evidence for SSA. Note however, that several authors argue that free-free absorption can not be ruled out for the smallest GPS galaxies (Kameno et al., this volume; Marr et al., this volume)Space-VLBI observations of young radio sources106A valuable spin-off from these high angular resolution VSOP observations come from their comparison with ground-based VLBI images taken at an earlier epoch. Following the method of Owsianik & Conway (1998), we use these to derive dynamical ages for GPS sources. In this way, we find that the two dominant components at 5 GHz of 2021+614 (fig 2), have a larger separation at the epoch of the VSOP observations, compared to data from Conway et al. (1994) taken in 1982 and 1987. The increase in separation indicates a hotspot advance speed of ∼ 0.1c, which implies an age of ∼ 400 years for these components (Tschager et al. 2000). Preliminary analysis of 0108+388 (fig 1) shows an advance speed of 15 µas/yr, consistent with what is found by Owsianik, Conway & Polatidis (1998; 9 µas/yr). These observations confirm the young ages of a few hundred years for the most compact GPS galaxies. 3 SummaryGPS galaxies and CSO are now identified as classes of young radio sources. They form a key element in the investigation of the evolution of radio-loud AGN. We report on VSOP observations of 11 and 8 bright GPS sources at 5.0 and 1.6 GHz frequency respectively. First analysis indicates high brightness temperatures consistent with synchrotron self absorption as the cause of their spectral turnover. Comparison with ground-based VLBI datasets taken at earlier epochs confirm the very young ages for the most compact GPS galaxies of a few hundred years. Acknowledgements. We gratefully acknowledge the VSOP Project, which is led by the Japanese Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in cooperation with many organizations and radio telescopes around the world. References Conway J.E., Myers S.T., Pearson T.J., Readhead C.S., Unwin S.C., & Xu W., 1994, ApJ , 425, 568 Fanti R., Fanti C., Schilizzi R.T., Spencer R.E., Nan Rendong, Parma P., Van Breugel W.J.M., Venturi T., 1990, A&A, 231, 333 Fanti C., Fanti R., Dallacasa D., Schilizzi R.T., Spencer R.E., Stanghellini C., 1995, A&A, 302, 317 Kameno et al., this volumeSpace-VLBI observations of young radio sources107Marr et al., this volume Murgia M., Fanti C., Fanti R., Gregorini L., Klein U., Mack K-H., Vigotti M., 1999, A&A, 345, 769 O’Dea C.P., Baum S.A., Stanghellini C., 1991, ApJ, 380, 66 O’Dea C.P., Baum S.A., 1997, AJ, 113, 148 O’Dea C.P., 1998, PASP, 110, 493 Owsianik I., Conway J.E., 1998, A&A, 337, 69 Owsianik I., Conway, J.E., Polatidis, A.G., 1998, A&A, 336, L37 Readhead A.C.S, Xu W., Pearson T.J., 1994, in Compact Extragalactic Radio Sources, eds Zensus & Kellerman, p19 Readhead A.C.S., Taylor G.B., Xu W., Pearson T.J., Wilkinson P.N., 1996, ApJ, 460, 634 Snellen I.A.G., Schilizzi R.T., Bremer M.N, Miley G.K., de Bruyn A.G., R¨ttgering H.J.A., 1999a, MNRAS, 307, 149 o Snellen I.A.G., & Schilizzi R.T., proc. of ‘Lifecycles of Radio Galaxies’ workshop, ed J. Biretta et al., to appear in New Astronomy Reviews. Snellen I.A.G., Schilizzi R.T., Miley G.K., de Bruyn A.G., Bremer, M.N. & R¨ttgering H.J.A., 2000, MNRAS , submitted o Stanghellini C., O’Dea C.P., Baum S.A., Dallacasa D., Fanti R., Fanti C., 1997a, A&A, 325, 943 Tschager W., Schilizzi R.T., R¨ttgering, H.J.A., Snellen I.A.G., Miley, o G.K., 2000, submitted to A&A Wilkinson P.N., Polatidis A.G., Readhead A.C.S., Xu W., Pearson T.J., 1994, ApJ, 432, L87。
FD20124 Note) 1 station 24 stationsSS5Q1308StationsElectrical entryOptionDManifold mountingD EDIN rail mounting Direct mounting……1(P), 3(R) port sizeNil 1(P), 3(R) port ø8 One-touch fittings 1(P), 3(R) portø5/16" One-touch fittingsCE-compliantNil Q—CE-compliantKit typeFD0FD1FD2FD3PD0PD1PD2PD3PDCJD0LD0 (N)LU0 (N)LD1 (N)LU1 (N)LD2 (N)LU2 (N)SDF SDH SDJ1SDJ2SDQ SDR1SDR2SDVD side D side D sideD sideD side U side D side U side D side U sideCable/SI unit specificationsLead wire kit with 0.6 m cable Lead wire kit with 1.5 m cable Lead wire kit with 3.0 m cableFlat ribbon cable (20P)PC wiring system compatibleD-sub connector (25P) kit, without cable D-sub connector (25P) kit, with 1.5 m cable D-sub connector (25P) kit, with 3.0 m cable D-sub connector (25P) kit, with 5.0 m cable Flat ribbon cable (26P) kit, without cable Flat ribbon cable (26P) kit, with 1.5 m cable Flat ribbon cable (26P) kit, with 3.0 m cable Flat ribbon cable (26P) kit, with 5.0 m cable Flat ribbon cable (20P) kit, without cable NKE Corp.: Fieldbus System NKE Corp.: Fieldbus H SystemPanasonic Industrial Devices SUNX Co., Ltd.: S-LINK (16 output points)Panasonic Industrial Devices SUNX Co., Ltd.: S-LINK (8 output points)DeviceNet ™OMRON Corp.: CompoBus/S (16 output points)OMRON Corp.: CompoBus/S (8 output points)CC-Link1 to 12 stations 1 to 12 stations 1 to 9 stations 1 to 8 stations1 to 12 stations1 to 8 stations 1 to 4 stations 1 to 8 stations 1 to 4 stations 1 to 8 stationsStation (Double wiring)Lead wire connector location24241816—16816816Max. number of solenoids for specialwiring specifications Note 2)—CE-compliantFP JLSNote 1) Specify DIN rail length with D at the end. (Enter the number of stations inside .) The numberof stations that may be displayed is longer than the manifold number of stations. Example: -D09Note 2) When “-B” is selected, a back pressure check valve is included in all stations of the manifold. Ifthe back pressure check valve is used only for the station that need it, then specify the station location in the manifold specification. (“-B” is not necessary)Note 3) Specify “-K” for wiring specification for cases below. (Except L kit)- All single wiring- Single and double mixed wiring.- When there are stations which do not require wiring (e.g. individual SUP spacer), specify the wiring specification in the manifold specification so that the number of solenoids is the maximum number of solenoids or less. (Standard wiring specification is double wiring)Note 4) For specifying two or more options, enter them alphabetically. Example: -BKN00TNil 02 to 24 Note 1)B Note 2)K Note 3)NNoneDIN rail length specified Back pressure check valve Special wiring specifications (Except double wiring)With name plate (Side ported only)Note) The maximum number ofstations depends on the type of electrical entries.kitLead wire kitFlat ribbon cable (20P)(PC wiring system compatible)Serial transmission kitEX140 Integrated-type (For Output) Serial Transmission SystemD-subconnector kitkitkitkitkitU sideD side Flat ribbon cable connector kit26P 20P( )Note 1) Separately order the 20P type cable assembly for the P kit.Note 2) Specify the wiring so that the maximum number of solenoids is not exceeded. (The number of solenoids are counted as: 1 for single solenoids and 2 for type 3P double solenoids.)Note 3) When specifying the negative common specifications of the L kit, suffix “N” to the kit symbol.Note 3)5 Port Solenoid Valve Plug-in UnitS eries 10-SQ1000How to Order Manifold10Clean seriesNote 1)[Option]578A i r P r e p a r a t i o n E q u i p m e n tP r e s s u r e C o n t r o l E q u i p m e n tF l o w C o n t r o l E q u i p m e n tP r e s s u r e S w i t c h e s /P r e s s u r e S e n s o r sD i r e c t i o n a l C o n t r o l V a l v e sA i r G r i p p e r s M o d u l a r F . R .F i t t i n g s & T u b i n gA i r C y l i n d e r sR o t a r y A c t u a t o r s。
PhilipsSoundBar Home cinema speakersVirtual surroundExternal subwooferOpt, Coax, Aux in, Audio inCSS2123Powerful sound for any TVwith subwooferDon’t judge by its size, because this small soundbar packs a lot of punch! No more muffled dialogues with 2 dedicated tweeters. DoubleBASS and Virtual Surround Sound technology add excitement and surround sound to the movie.Designed for simplicity•Ultra-compact soundbar - just 70cm/28" wide•Low-rise profile for the perfect fit in front of your TV Richer sound for watching TV and movies •DoubleBASS technology for fuller and deeper bass•Virtual Surround Sound for a realistic movie experience •Separate subwoofer adds thrill to the actionConnect and enjoy all your entertainment•Works with TVs, BD/DVD players, gaming consoles, MP3 players •Enjoy music from iPod/iPhone/iPad with Music iLinkIssue date 2020-07-08Version: 9.5.512 NC: 8670 000 87602UPC: 6 09585 22376 9© 2020 Koninklijke Philips N.V.All Rights reserved.Specifications are subject to change without notice. Trademarks are the property of Koninklijke Philips N.V. or their respective SpecificationsSoundBar Home cinema speakersVirtual surround External subwoofer, Opt, Coax, Aux in, Audio inHighlightsVirtual Surround SoundPhilips Virtual Surround Sound produces rich and immersive surround sound from less than five-speaker system. Highly advanced spatial algorithms faithfully replicate the sonic characteristics that occur in an ideal 5.1-channel environment. Any high quality stereo source is transformed into true-to-life, multi-channel surround sound. No need to purchase extra speakers, wires or speaker stands to appreciate room-filling sound.DoubleBASS technologyDoubleBASS ensures you hear even the deepest bass tones from compact-sized subwoofers. It captures low frequencies and recreates them in the audible range of the subwoofer - delivering sound with more boom and panache, and ensuring you a full, uncompromised listening experience.Music iLinkPhilips Music iLink allows you to easily play your music directly from your iPod/iPhone/iPad, MP3 player, or laptop via a simple connection to your home theater. Simply connect your audio device to the Music iLink jack to enjoy your music with thesuperior sound quality of the Philips home theater.Accessories•Compatible accessories: Screw x 2, Wall plug x 2•Included accessories: 1 x CR2025 Battery, Power cord, Quick start guide, Remote Control, Safety & Legal Leaflet, Trademarks Sheet, World Wide Warranty leafletConnectivity•Front / Side connections: Music iLINK•Rear Connections: AUX IN 1, Digital coaxial in*, Digital optical in, Subwoofer outDimensions•Main Unit (W x H x D): 708 x 47 x 65 mm •Main Unit Weight: 1.03 kg•Subwoofer (W x H x D): 165 x 295 x 240 mm •Subwoofer Weight: 2.6 kg •Subwoofer cable length: 3.3 m•Packaging (W x H x D): 756 x 395 x 220 mm •Weight incl. Packaging: 5.4 kgLoudspeakers•Loudspeaker types: Integrated with main unit•Speaker Drivers per side: 1 x 5" woofer, 1 x 1.5" Mylar tweeter•Speaker Impedance: 4 ohm •Subwoofer type: Passive•Subwoofer driver: 1 x 6.5" woofer •Subwoofer freq range: 20 - 150 Hz •Subwoofer impedance: 8 ohmPower•Power consumption: 20 W •Power supply: 110V, 50/60 Hz•Standby power consumption: 0.21 WSound•Sound Enhancement: DoubleBass, FullSound, Night Mode, Treble and Bass Control •Speaker output power: 15 W x 2•Subwoofer output power: 30 W•Total Power RMS @ 30% THD: 60 WSustainability•Packaging: 80% recycled corrugated board, Soya based ink*PCM only。
Technical DataOriginal InstructionsEasy and Compact Motor Starting SolutionsBulletins 140MP, 100-K, and 193-KOverviewBulletin 140MP Motor Protection Circuit Breakers (MPCBs) or Motor ProtectiveSwitching Devices (MPSDs) provide magnetic short circuit and thermal overloadprotection up to 32 A. They are tested in combination with Allen-Bradley® Bulletin100-K contactors to create two-component motor starters.Our easy and compact motor starting solutions are designed to ensure the smoothoperation of your motors, thereby enhancing the overall productivity of yoursystems. They offer a high degree of flexibility, allowing for precise adjustments tomatch the specific requirements of your motors. This precision, coupled with therobust protection features, helps prevent motor damage and extends the lifespan ofyour equipment.These devices are UL Listed as Manual Motor Controllers (with optional approvals forSuitable as Motor Disconnect and Suitable for use in Group Installation). Groupmotor installations eliminate the need for individual branch short circuit protectivedevices for each motor circuit, reducing panel space, installation and wiring time,and costs. There is only one Branch Circuit Protective Device (BCPD) for the “Group”.Features and Benefits Ratings•Protection and Control Functions:•UL group motor and IEC Type 1 and Type 2 ratings -Overload protection•CE, cULus, CCC, KC, EAC certifications-High short-circuit protection•Devices meet MPSD requirements per IEC 60947-4-1-Disconnect function•Devices meet circuit breaker standards per IEC 60947-2 -Phase loss protection•Rated up to 690V AC•Adjustable current setting for overload protection•Temperature compensation from -25…+55 °C (-13…+131 °F)•Suitable for three-phase and single- phase application•Suitable for use outside North America•Easy to install, snap-on mounting of accessories and modules•Provides disconnecting means for motor branch circuit •Modular Accessories•Offers short-circuit protection (magnetic protection)•Ideal for industrial or commercial application where space isat a premium•Provides overload protection (thermal protection)•Allows manual switching (motor control means)•Less panel depth requirements than standard IEC contactors•Budget-friendly motor starting solutiontwo-component starterbimetallic overload relayEasy and Compact Motor Starting Solutions Technical DataQuick Motor Starter SelectionThe two-component motor starter is a simple setup that includes a motor protection circuit breaker with a built-in thermal overload relay and a motor contactor. This combination provides protection and control for the motor. This is the most compact and most popular motor starting configuration.The three-component motor starter offers a more flexible solution. It consists of a motor circuit protector or fuses, a motor contactor, and a motor thermal overload relay. This configuration provides enhanced protection options in the separate thermal motor overload relay. When building a three-component motor starter, you can use either fuses or a motor circuit protector without thermal overload, such as the 140MT motor circuit protector.The following tables list a popular subset of these devices. More main device features, sizes, and accessory options are available. See publications 140-TD005, 100-TD013, and 193-TD010 at rok.auto/literature.Step 1: Choose Circuit Breaker and Optional Connection ModuleStep 2: Configure ContactorAfter you select your contactor in the preceding table, complete your contactor cat. no. by using the codes below for coil voltage and auxiliary contact configuration.Example: for a 24V DC contactor with integrated diode and 1 N.O. contact, Cat. No. 100-K09⊗✪ becomes Cat. No. 100-K09DJ10Step 3 (Optional): Select Motor Overload RelayRated Operating Current[A]Thermal Trip AdjustmentRange [A]MPCB(1) Cat. No.Optional ConnectingModule Cat. No.Contactor Cat.No.0.160.1…0.16140MP-A3E-A16140MP-A-PEK12100-K05⊗✪0.250.16…0.25140MP-A3E-A250.400.25…0.40140MP-A3E-A400.630.40…0.63140MP-A3E-A6310.63…1.0140MP-A3E-B101.6 1.0…1.6140MP-A3E-B162.5 1.6…2.5140MP-A3E-B254 2.5…4.0140MP-A3E-B406.3 4.0…6.3140MP-A3E-B63100-K09⊗✪10 6.3…10.0140MP-A3E-C10100-K12⊗✪128.0…12.0140MP-A3E-C121610.0…16.0140MP-A3E-C16(1)140MP devices have built in Trip Class 10 protection, and do not require a separate motor overload relay unless you change the motor protective device to fuses or a circuit breaker withoutthermal overload protection.140MP-A-PEK12100-K140MP⊗ Coil Voltage Code(1)(1)Additional coil voltages are available. See publication 100-TD013.✪Auxiliary ContactsCode Description Code DescriptionD120V AC, 60 Hz and 110V AC, 50 Hz10 1 N.O.B480V AC,60Hz011N.C.KJ24V AC, 50/60 HzKF230V AC, 50/60 HzDJ24V DC with integrated diodeThermal TripAdjustment Range[A]Overload RelayCat. No.For Use WithContactor0.1…0.16193-KA16100-K05…-K120.16…0.25193-KA250.25…0.40193-KA400.35…0.50193-KA500.55…0.80193-KA800.75…1.0193-KB100.90…1.3193-KB131.1…1.6193-KB161.4…2.0193-KB201.8…2.5193-KB252.3…3.2193-KB322.9…4.0193-KB403.5…4.8193-KB484.5…6.3193-KB635.5…7.5193-KB757.2…10.0193-KC109.0…12.5193-KC122Rockwell Automation Publication 140MP-TD002A-EN-P - August 2024Rockwell Automation Publication 140MP-TD002A-EN-P - August 20243Easy and Compact Motor Starting Solutions Technical DataAccessoriesApproximate DimensionsDimensions are shown in millimeters (inches). Dimensions are not intended for manufacturing purposes.100-K Miniature Contactor with 193-K Overload RelayCat. No. 140MP-A3E… ≤16 AAdditional ResourcesThese documents contain additional information concerning related products from Rockwell Automation. You can view or download publications at rok.auto/literature .Popular Accessories for 140MP MPCBsDescriptionCat. No.Front-mounted Auxiliary Contact •1 N.O.-1.N.C.•No additional space required 140MP-A-AFA11Front-mounted Auxiliary Contact•1N.O.•No additional space required140MP-A-AFA10Compact Bus Bars•UL: 600V, 60 A; IEC: 690V, 65 A •45 mm (1.77 in.) spacing •For use with front-mounted auxiliary contact •2 x 3 connections 140MP-A-W452Bus Bar Feeder Terminal (Flat)•Supply of compact bus bars •Increases terminal capacity 140MP-A-WTNEnclosure•Up to three padlocks in OFF position•Protection Class: IP65; UL/CSA Type 12•Red/yellow handle140MP-A-ENY65Popular Accessories for 100-K ContactorsDescriptionCat. No.Front-mounted Auxiliary Contacts •2 N.O.-2 N.C.•4-pole version•Mirror Contact performance per IEC 60947-4-1100-KFC22Front-mounted Auxiliary Contacts •1 N.O.-1 N.C.•2-pole version•Mirror Contact performance per IEC 60947-4-1100-KFC11Power Wiring Kit•For Reversing and Star/Delta combinations. Star-point bridge not included.•Min. interruption time 50 ms 100-KPRDC Diode Suppressor •12…250V DC •Plug-in type•Limits surge voltage on coil drop-off100-KFSD250Mechanical Interlock•For interlocking of two adjacent contactors•No added width to contactor assembly•Front mount plug-in type •Optional auxiliary contactblocks and suppressor modules mount onto the interlock100-KMCHResourceDescriptionIEC Contactor Specifications, publication 100-TD013Provides product selection and specifications for IEC contactors.Motor Protection Circuit Breaker and Motor Circuit Protector Specifications, publication 140-TD005Provides product selection and specifications for Bulletin 140MP/MT motor protection circuit breakers and motor circuit protectors.Bimetallic Overload Relay Specifications,publication 193-TD010Provides product selection and specifications for 193-K and 193-T1 bimetallic overload relays.Product Certifications website, rok.auto/certificationsProvides declarations of conformity,certificates, and other certification details.Publication 140MP-TD002A-EN-P - August 2024Copyright © 2024 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.Rockwell Automation SupportUse these resources to access support information.Documentation FeedbackYour comments help us serve your documentation needs better. If you have any suggestions on how to improve our content, complete the form at rok.auto/docfeedback .Technical Support CenterFind help with how-to videos, FAQs, chat, user forums, Knowledgebase, and product notification updates.rok.auto/support Local Technical Support Phone Numbers Locate the telephone number for your country.rok.auto/phonesupport Technical Documentation CenterQuickly access and download technical specifications, installation instructions, and user manuals.rok.auto/techdocs Literature LibraryFind installation instructions, manuals, brochures, and technical data publications.rok.auto/literature Product Compatibility and Download Center (PCDC)Download firmware, associated files (such as AOP, EDS, and DTM), and access product release notes.rok.auto/pcdcRockwell Automation maintains current product environmental compliance information on its website at rok.auto/pec .Allen-Bradley, expanding human possibility, and Rockwell Automation are trademarks of Rockwell Automation, Inc.Trademarks not belonging to Rockwell Automation are property of their respective companies.Rockwell Otomasyon Ticaret A.Ş. 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TECHNICAL DATA SHEETProduct OverviewThe Bose ® FreeSpace ® DXA 2120 digital mixer/amplifier features a 6-in by 2-out design that provides signal processing, mixing, routing, paging and two-channelamplification for installed applications. It offers three versatile operating modes and is easily configured using the controls on the front panel. No external computer is required.Product InformationThe DXA 2120 digital mixer/amplifier can be used in both low- and high-impedance systems. Each of the two output channels delivers 120 watts at 4 ohms or 100 watts for70/100-volt applications. An auxiliary output provides a line-level signal for system expansion.The DXA 2120 digital mixer/amplifier has six inputs – four mic/line inputs, one page input and one direct input that overrides all other sources when a signal is detected. The four mic/line inputs connect to sources via 3-pin Euroblock connectors or dual RCA jacks.Three operating modes provide greater flexibility for installed music or speech applications:Mixer Mode – Each input can be routed to every output simultaneously. Volume for each input can be controlled independently, or a master volume can control both outputs simultaneously.Dual Mono Select Mode – Two input sources are available for each output channel. Volume control and source selection are available in each zone.Stereo Select Mode – Two selectable stereo sources can be played in stereo in a single output zone. Volume control and source selection are available in the zone.The auxiliary output can be used with all three modes of operation.Two user interfaces, volume control and volume control with A/B select, are available for operation from remote locations.Key Features•Six inputs: four mic/line inputs with choice of balancedEuroblock or unbalanced RCA connectors, one page input and one direct input •Two powered outputs that can operate at high or lowimpedance: 2 x 120 W at 4 ohms , 2 x 65 W at 8 ohms, or 2 x 100 W at 70/100V •Three operating modes for greater flexibility in installedmusic or speech applications: Mixer Mode, Dual Mono Select Mode, and Stereo Select Mode •Easy setup and control via onboard controls – no computer needed •DSP includes loudspeaker EQs and dynamic EQ functions engineered specifically for Bose loudspeakers •Opti-voice ® paging provides a smooth transition between music and announcements •24-volt DC backup power connection for added reliability and integration onto fire and evacuation systemsApplicationsDesigned for a wide range of applications, including:•Conference centers •Retail stores•Restaurants and bars •Hotels•Lobbies and conference roomsTECHNICAL DATA SHEETTechnical SpecificationsPower Rating Amplifier Power2 x 120 W at 4 ohms , 2 x 65 W at 8 ohms, or 2 x 100 W at 70/100VAudio Performance Specifications Frequency Response 40 Hz - 16 kHz (+0/-3 dB)Signal-to-Noise Ratio 75 dB (below rated power, A-weighted)THD≤0.5 % (at full rated power)Channel Separation (Crosstalk)≤-60 dBV (below rated power, 1 kHz)Dynamic Range 80 dBIntegrated DSP A/D and D/A Converters 24-bit Sample Rate 44.1 kHzAudio Inputs Input Channels 6 channels Mic/Line Inputs Line Inputs Page Inputs Direct Inputs 4 balanced 4 unbalanced1 balanced 1 balanced kHz)kHz)Audio Outputs Output Channels 2 channelsAmplifier Outputs Auxiliary Output 21Maximum Output Level N/A2.2 dBVIndicators and Controls LED Status Indicators Blue LED: power, Green LED: signal present, Red LED: clip Electrical Specifications Mains Voltage 100 V version: 100 VAC; 50/60 Hz120 V/220-240 V version: 120 V/220-240 VAC; 50/60 Hz AC Power Consumption Idle: 39 W, Active: 350 W Maximum Inrush Current 23.2 A @ 230 V ~ 50 Hz 33.2 A @ 120 V ~ 60 HzOverload Protection T6.3AL/250 V (100 V and 120 V) or T3.15AL/250 V (220-240 V)DC Backup Power/Connector +24 V (±1 %) Connector 2-terminal barrier strip Input Voltage Level +24 V Minimum Input Power 50 W Maximum Input Power 150 WPhysical Dimensions 3.5" H x 16.5" W x 13.8" D (90 mm x 420 mm x 349 mm) Net Weight 32 lb (14.4 kg) Shipping Weight 40 lb (18.1 kg)Operating Temperature 32 °F - 104 °F (0 °C - 40 °C) Storage Temperature -40 °F - 158 °F (-40 °C - 70 °C) Humidity 40 % - 90 % relative humidityGeneralCommunication PortRS-232 serial portTECHNICAL DATA SHEET1.LCD panel – Displays menu selections for configuring and viewing system settings.2.Directional buttons – Navigates system menus and setting options shown on the LCD.3.SELECT button – Confirms selections and settings in the system menus.4.POWER LED – Blue light indicates the system is on. No light when unit is off.5.SIGNAL and CLIP LEDs – Shows signal states for Inputs 1 – 4.6.Gain knobs – Adjusts gain for INPUT 1 – INPUT 4.7.Enclosure door – Conceals system controls.8.BASS and TREBLE knobs – Adjusts tonal balance for OUTPUT 1 and OUTPUT 2.9.GAIN knobs – Adjusts gain for OUTPUT 1, OUTPUT 2 and PAGE.10.SIGNAL and CLIP LEDs – Shows signal states for OUTPUT 1, OUTPUT 2, PAGE and DIRECT.1.LINE INPUTS – Two unbalanced RCA audio jacks per input (summed to mono).2.MIC/LINE switch – Adjusts for the proper signal level being used with the four Euroblock input connectors.3.MIC/LINE INPUTS – Balanced Euroblock input jacks. One per input.4.DIRECT INPUT – Balanced override input jack.5.PAGE INPUT – Balanced audio input jack.6.AUX OUTPUT – Fixed line-level signal output for other amplified equipment.7.REMOTE – Input jack for volume-only control and volume control with A/B select user interfaces.8.OUTPUTS 1 and 2 – Speaker connections for two powered outputs (70V, 100V or 4-ohm operation).9.BACKUP POWER – For connection to backup power source.10.POWER SWITCH – ON/OFF AC power.11.FUSE – T6.3AL/250V (100V and 120V) or T3.15AL/250V (220-240V).12.AC mains line cord jack – AC line voltage input.13.120V/220-240V switch – Switches between 120V and 220-240V AC input voltage. This switch is not provided on 100V AC inputvoltage models. – RS-232 serial port is reserved for system updates.TECHNICAL DATA SHEETMechanical DiagramsTECHNICAL DATA SHEETAll information subject to change without notice.® 2013 Bose CorporationAll trademarks are those of their respective owners.Architects’ and Engineers’SpecificationsThe unit shall be a digital mixer/amplifier. The unit shall use a digital signal processing architecture running at 44.1 kHz sample rate. The frequency response shall be from 40 Hz to 16 kHz (+0/-3 dB). The dynamic range shall be 80 dB (typical) 40 Hz to 16 kHz. The signal-to-noise ratio shall be 75 dB or greater (A-weighted).The unit shall have mixing and routing capabilities as well as amplification. The unit’s DSP shall feature selectable Bose ®loudspeaker EQs as well as dynamic equalization.The input section shall have four mic/line inputs, one direct input and one page input. The mic/line inputs shall have both 3-pin Euroblock connectors for balanced mic/line inputs and dual RCA jacks (summed to mono) for unbalanced line inputs. The direct and page inputs shall have 4-pin Euroblock connectors for balanced inputs.The page input shall be operated in PTT (push to talk) or Auto mode and provide automatic ducking for announcements.The direct input shall automatically override all other inputs when a signal is detected for emergency signaling purposes. The output section shall feature two powered loudspeaker outputs with 5-terminal inverted Euroblock connectors. The unit will have an auxiliary output with a 3-pin Euroblock connector.The amplifier section shall contain two powered outputs for high or low impedance: 2 x 120 watts at 4 ohms, 2 x 65 watts at 8ohms, or 2 x 100 watts at 70/100 volts. The THD shall be less than 0.5 % @ full rated power.The unit shall feature three different modes of operation: Mixer Mode, Stereo Select Mode and Dual Mono Select Mode.The 100V variant will operate at 100V AC. A second variant will be able to operate at 120 V/220 VAC-240 VAC; there will be an AC input voltage switch on the unit. The unit shall consume AC power of 40 watts or less at idle, 350 watts at maximum continuous rated power and also will have a 2-terminal barrier strip for connecting a 24 volts DC backup power supply.The unit will have a remote input with a 6-pin Euroblock connector for using one or two volume controls and/or volume control with A/B select user interfaces.The unit shall be configurable via the onboard controls andfeature a “lockout” feature to prevent unwanted system changes.An RS-232 COM port will be available for system updates.The unit shall be the Bose ® FreeSpace ® DXA 2120 digital mixer/amplifier.Safety and Regulatory ComplianceThe 120V/220-240V AC variant (PC 040753, PC 040754,PC 040755, PC 040756) of the FreeSpace DXA 2120digital mixer/amplifier complies with CE requirements, is UL Listed according to UL60065 (7th edition) and CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 60065-03; CB approved, according to IEC60065 (7th edition), including group and national differences; GS approved, according to EN60065 (7thedition). It also complies with FCC Part 15B Class A (2003),EN55103-1 (1997), EN55103-2 (1996), and CISPR13 (2003)requirements. The 100V variant (PC 040742) of the DXA 2120 digital mixer/amplifier is PSE compliant.Additional NotesAmplifier PowerA single channel is driven to full power with the nominal load impedance (120W / 4, 100W / 70V / 49, 100W / 100V / 98).Output power is measured using a 1 kHz sine wave with a THD of less than 0.5%, as measured at the amplifier output.Dynamic RangeThe output of the amplifier is connected to the rated load impedance, and the input and output gains are set to maximum. A dB-calibrated voltmeter is connected to the amplifier’s output through an A-weighting filter (inaccordance with IEC 60651). A 1 kHz signal is connected to one of the line inputs, and the level is adjusted to achieve the amplifier’s rated output power. The voltmeter is then zero-referenced. The signal source is removed, and the line input is shorted. The dB-calibrated voltmeter now reads the absolute dynamic range of the system.Product Codes120V – US PC 040753230V – EU PC 040754230V – UK PC 040755240V – AU PC 040756100V – JapanPC 040742AccessoriesVolume control user interfacePC 041966Volume control with A/B switch user interfacePC 041967。
a r X i v :a s t r o -p h /0205111v 1 8 M a y 2002A&A manuscript no.(will be inserted by hand later)ASTRONOMYANDASTROPHY SICSKey words:galaxies:active –galaxies:jets –galaxies:nuclei –quasars:general –quasars:individual:B1524−136–radio continuum:galaxies 1.IntroductionAlthough most high-luminosity,extragalactic radio sources belonging to Fanaroff-Riley class II (FRII)have two reasonably symmetric lobes of radio emission on op-posite sides of the parent optical object,the radio jets in these sources are overwhelmingly one-sided (cf.Bri-dle &Perley 1984).This is particularly true for quasars where radio jets are detected much more frequently than in radio galaxies.For example,in a study of 12extended 3CR quasars with the Very Large Array (VLA),Bridle et al.(1994)made deep images with typical rms noises of 20µJy/beam.They detected jets in all 12sources and candidate counter-jets in 7.However,there is no unam-biguous counter-jet in any of these sources.In a similar study of a sample of 13radio galaxies by Fernini et al.(1993,1997),only two have radio jets and neither of these show evidence of any counter jet.Although radio jets are not frequently detected in FRII radio galaxies,two of the good examples of counter-jets seen in FRII radio sources are associated with relatively nearby radio galaxies.One of these is the well-studied classical double-lobed source,Cygnus A,which is at a redshift of 0.056.A jet towards the north-west from the nucleus and a faint counter-jet to-2 F.Mantovani et al.:A CSS quasar with two-sided radio jetsdefined to be of subgalactic dimensions,with an overall size<∼20kpc and a steep high-frequency spectrum having α≥0.5,where S∝ν−α.They are believed to be young sources at an early stage of evolution(Fanti et al.1995; Readhead et al.1996a,b;O’Dea1998;Owsianik&Conway 1998).We present below the results of our observations of the CSS quasar B1524−136and discuss their implications.1.1.B1524−136The radio source B1524−136is associated with a quasar at a redshift of1.687,so that1′′corresponds to8.44kpc in a Universe with H o=50km s−1Mpc−1and q o=0.5.It has a steep radio spectrum(α5000750≈0.64)which appears to flatten below a few hundred MHz(cf.Steppe et al.1995). It is a well-known low-frequency variable source(Bondi et al.1996and references therein),although it does not ex-hibit significant variations at cm wavelengths(Padrielli et al.1987).VLA observations at5GHzfind B1524−136to be slightly extended,while at15GHz it is resolved into a double source(Mantovani et al.1994).Interplanetary scin-tillation observations at327MHz show that about50per cent of the totalflux density is from a compact structure with a size of<∼100milliarcsec(Jeyakumar et al.2000).2.Radio observationsMERLIN The source was observed with MERLIN on 1995May06at5GHz for≈8hr using a bandwidth of28 MHz.Initial values for the telescope and correlator gains were determined from a short observation of the bright unresolved calibrator B0552+398(DA193).The primary flux density and polarization calibrator was3C286and the secondary calibrator was B1511+100.Global VLBI MK2The global VLBI MK2observations were made on1992September21with a central frequency of1663.99MHz and a2-MHz bandwidth.The array con-sisted of antennas at Onsala,Effelsberg,Westerbork,Jo-drell Bank(the Lovell telescope),Medicina,Green Bank, Haystack,VLBA-KP,VLBA-PT,VLBA-LA,VLBA-NL, VLBA-BR and VLBA-OV.The source was tracked for a total of7.5hr in a snap-shot observing programme.The data were processed at the Caltech Block2correlator. VLBA These observations were carried out on1996Feb 04with the Very Long Baseline Array(VLBA)and one antenna of the VLA recording both right-and left-circular polarization(RCP,LCP)using one-bit sampling.The source was observed at8.4GHz for4.3hr with a band-width of32MHz.Amplitude calibration was derived from measurements of the system temperature during the ob-servations and the known antenna gain of each element of the plex correlation coefficients were recovered at the Array Operations Center in Socorro.Phase gradi-ents in frequency and time were corrected by the use of global fringefitting(Schwab&Cotton1983).1524-136 4994.00 MHzPeak flux = 6.8342E-01 JY/BEAMLevs = 2.000E-03 * (-1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048)MilliARCSECMilliARC SEC1000-100-200-300-400-500-600 300200100-100-200-300-400-500Pol line 1 arcsec = 1.1111E+00 JY/BEAMFig.1.The The MERLIN5-GHz image with an angular resolution of133×41mas along a PA of16◦.The total-intensity contours are overlayed by vectors representing the linearly polarized intensity.The vector orientations give the polarization position angle.3.The radio imagesEarlier VLA A-array observations of B1524−136at5GHz show the source to be slightly extended,while the15-GHz observations show it to be clearly double-lobed with an angular size of0.32arcsec along a PA of30◦.The weaker southern component is4.3per cent polarized at15 GHz compared to2.5per cent for the northern component (Mantovani et al.1994).Recent polarization observations with the VLBA show the northern jet and hot-spot to have very high rotation measures(RMs)in the range of −3000to−10,000rad m−2in the rest frame of the source (Mantovani et al.2002).The MERLIN5-GHz image with an angular resolution of133×41mas along a PA of16◦and an rms noise of 0.3mJy/beam is shown in Fig.1.This image is of higher resolution than the VLA images and reveals greater details of the structure.The two main components,northern and southern,are clearly seen and are4.4and7.9per cent polarized respectively.The peak brightness of the northern component is higher than the southern one by a factor of about7.In addition,there is a barely-resolved component south of the northern component which does not show signficant polarized emission,the degree of polarization being<∼1per cent.This suggests that this component is likely to be the nucleus of the active galaxy.F.Mantovani et al.:A CSS quasar with two-sided radio jets 31524-136 1663.99 MHzCont peak flux = 1.0854E+00 JY/BEAM Levs = 4.000E-03 * (-1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096)M i l l i A R C S E CMilliARC SEC50-50-100-150-20050-50-100-150-200-250-300-350Fig.2.The global MK2VLBI image at 1.7GHz with an angular resolution of 22×9mas along a PA of −4◦.The global MK2VLBI image at 1.7GHz (Fig.2),with an angular resolution of 22×9mas along a PA of −4◦and an rms noise of 1.3mJy/beam,reveals the core clearly,making B1524−136a highly non-collinear radio source.The supplement of the angle formed at the core by the outer hotspots is 62◦.Such distorted structures are not un-common among CSS objects (cf.Saikia et al.1995,2001)and are perhaps caused by deflection of one or both jets by dense clouds of gas.However,intrinsic distortions may appear amplified by projection effects since the object is associated with a quasar and may thus be inclined at a rel-atively small angle to the line of sight.The peak and total core flux density estimated by fitting a two-dimensional Gaussian are 128mJy/beam and 140mJy respectively.At this resolution,the northern hot-spot is brighter than the southern one by a factor of about 25.In addition to the core and the hot-spots there is evidence of a jet which connects the core to the northern hotspot.By fitting two-dimensional Gaussians to the hot-spot and jet,and taking slices across the jet,we estimate the width of the jet to be about 7mas and its length to be about 35mas.This qualifies it to be called a jet using the definition of Bri-dle &Perley (1984).There is,however,a gap or region of very low emission between the core and the beginning of the radio jet.The hot-spot has a size of about 7mas and an integrated flux density of 1400mJy,and it must1524-136 8405.49 MHzCont peak flux = 1.1079E-01 JY/BEAMLevs = 3.000E-04 * (-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096)M i l l i A R C S E CMilliARC SEC500-50-100-150-50-100-150-200-250-300Fig.3.The VLBA image at 8.4GHz restored with a cir-cular beam of 6mas.be the dominant component contributing to the scintillat-ing flux density at 327MHz (Jeyakumar et al.2000)and low-frequency variability at 408MHz (Bondi et al.1996).The VLBA image at 8.4GHz has the highest resolution of our images,6mas,and is also the most sensitive one with an rms noise of 100µJy/beam.It shows a couple of prominent knots in the jet,which appears to bend by about 40◦before entering the hot-spot (Fig.3).The core is clearly extended to the north along the direction of the jet.A two-dimensional Gaussian fit shows the core to have peak and total flux densities of 40mJy/beam and 48mJy respectively,and the deconvolved size to be about 4mas along a PA=165◦.The core is unresolved in the orthogonal direction.The peak flux density of the core at 1.7GHz and its total flux density at 8.4GHz yields a spectral index of 0.6.However,the spectrum is likely to be flatter than this because of the coarser resolution at the lower frequency and the presence of a jet-like structure close to the nucleus.There is a gap of emission of about 50mas between the nuclear jet and the beginning of the more extended one which connects to the dominant hot-spot.The most striking feature of the VLBA image is the dectection of a well-defined counter-jet which exhibits some three cycles of oscillation before entering the south-ern hot-spot.Here too there appears to be a gap of about 60mas between the core and the beginning of the counter-4 F.Mantovani et al.:A CSS quasar with two-sided radio jetsjet.This is perhaps the clearest detection yet of a jet and a counter-jet in a quasar.The mean brightness of the knots in the counter-jet is weaker than the main jet by a factor of about11,while the peak brightness of the jet-side hot-spot is brighter than the one on the counter-jet side by a factor of about70.4.DiscussionThe most striking result of these observations of B1524−136is the detection of both a jet and a counter-jet in a quasar.Assuming that the unified scheme for powerful radio galaxies and quasars is broadly correct(cf.Barthel 1989),the object should be inclined at less than about 45◦to the line of sight.The fraction of emission from the radio core,f c,at an emitted frequency of8GHz is0.09, assuming a spectral index of0for the core and0.7for the extended emission.The equivalent value of R,the ratio of the core to the extendedflux density,is0.10.Adopting the values of R T=0.0008andγ=10,which give a reasonable fit to the observed distribution of R in FRII3CR sources (cf.Saikia&Kulkarni1994),the observed value of R for B1524−136implies an angle of inclination to the line of sight,θ∼20◦.This value does not change significantly even if we assume the core spectral index to be0.5.Here R T is the value of R transverse to the line-of-sight andγis the bulk Lorentz factor.The ratio of the mean bright-ness of the knots in the jet to those in the counter-jet is11, which implies a bulk velocity for the jet of≈0.5c if the ap-parent brightness asymmetry is entirely due to relativistic beaming.This velocity estimate increases by only about 15per cent even if the counter-jet is bent away from the jet axis by as much as40◦.The jetted side is closer to the nucleus,which is not consistent with expectations of a symmetric external en-vironment(cf.Saikia1981;Scheuer1995).This hot-spot being closer and brighter is possibly due to a higher dissi-pation of energy on the jetted side due to interaction with a much denser external medium on the northern side.Al-though we do not have information to determine the RM of the southern hot-spot,evidence of such a dense medium on the northern side can be seen in the RM of this region which ranges from−3000to−10000rad m−2in the rest frame of the source(Mantovani et al.2002).The bright-ness asymmetry of the hot-spots in the VLBA image is higher than that of the jets by a factor of about6.Even if the hot-spots are travelling close to the speed of the jets, the additional asymmetry in brightness would require the density in the northern side to be higher than the south-ern one by about40using a model for the propagation of jets in an asymmetric environment(Eilek&Shore1989; Gopal-Krishna&Wiita1991;Saikia et al.1996).The oscillations seen in the counter-jet are remines-cent of the development of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities (cf.Hardee1987).For a helical oscillation(n=1),we can estimate the Mach number of the jet using the relation for the fastest growing oscillation or resonant wavelength given byλh/r∼5.2M/(0.66+η1/2)whereλh is the wave-length of the helical oscillations,r is the jet radius,M is the Mach number andηis the ratio of the jet density to the density of the external medium.Estimating the av-erage jet radius to be3.5mas byfitting two-dimensional Gaussians to the brighter knots in the counter-jet,wefind the Mach number to be2.5for a light jet(η→0)and6.3 in the highly entrained limit(η→1).The gaps in emission between the core and both the jet and counter-jet could be due to quasi-continuous activity in the nucleus.The gap of about50mas,a jet speed of0.5c and an angle of inclination of20◦indicates a time scale of≈104yr for this quasi-continuous activity.This discon-tinuity is on a much smaller time scale than the repeated encounters with external galaxies or mergers which may completely re-ignite radio activity in the nucleus leading to the formation of double-double radio sources.The typ-ical time scale for these events is several Myr(cf.Schoen-makers et al.2000,and references therein).Although we have considered just a simple scenario above to explain the large-scale properties of the source, the situation could be far more complicated.The large projected misalignment between the two jets,plus the os-cillations in the counter-jet,suggest that the bending is three-dimensional,and that different sections of both jets could be inclined at different angles to the line of sight. Also,the jets could decelerate as they traverse outwards from the nucleus,and the degree of deceleration could be different on opposite sides of the nucleus.These would all affect the observed brightness ratio of the jets.Considering the main jet,its PA is aligned within a few degrees of the extension seen in the core and it is reason-able to assume that the jet is straight till it bends by about 40◦before entering the hotspot.For a jet traversing out-wards with a velocity v=βc,corresponding to a Lorentz factor,γ,the observedflux density of even the approach-ing jet will be Doppler diminished whenγ(1−βcosθ)>1. As noted earlier,the3CRR radio sources suggest a bulk Lorentz factor,γ∼10.The observedflux density of the approaching jet would then be Doppler diminished for an angle of inclinationθ>∼25◦;the corresponding brightness ratio being>2000.A deceleration of the jets to about0.5c by the region where the jets arefirst detected would result in a decrease in Doppler dimming and might provide a vi-able explanation of the existence of gaps and the detection of the radio jets at about50mas from the nucleus.We can test this scenario further by examining whether it provides a satisfactory explanation to the ratios of the brightnesses of the outer jets to about3times the rms noise in the gaps of emission.The observed ratio is>∼35 for the approaching jet,and>∼3for the counter-jet.As-suming the jets to be intrinsically of reasonably uniform brightness along their lengths,the velocities discussed ear-lier would require the angle of inclination to be about 45◦,which is the dividing line between radio galaxies andF.Mantovani et al.:A CSS quasar with two-sided radio jets5quasars in the unified scheme(Barthel1989).However,al-though this is consistent with the unified scheme,the ob-served value of core prominence would imply that the in-trinsic value,R T would have to be about20times greater than the canonical value of0.0008mentioned above.It is therefore conceivable that the intrinsic brightness of the jet is lower in the gaps,and this could be further dimin-ished by the effects of relativistic beaming.A plausible scenario is one in which the jet is inclined at about25◦to the line of sight,and the counter-jet is bent by about50◦such that it is about75◦to the line of sight. This will decrease the degree of Doppler dimming,mak-ing the counter-jet visible,and will also help explain the large observed misalignment of the source.The velocity required to explain the brightness asymmetry of the jets is then≈0.6c.Although this does not exhaust the range of scenarios that might explain the situation,it provides a reasonable explanation of the large-scale features of the source.A deeper image to detect radio emission in the gaps between the nucleus and the jets,and proper motion studies of the knots should enable us to build a better model for the source.5.Concluding remarksWe report the detection of a well-defined radio jet and a counter-jet in the compact steep-spectrum quasar B1524−136,which is almost unique in a radio quasar.We present MERLIN,global VLBI and VLBA observations of the source.The radio source is highly non-collinear and asymmetric,and was reported recently to have a high RM of several thousand rad m−2on the northern side.An angle of inclination of about25◦,a jet speed of about 0.6c,an intrinsic misalignment of about50◦,such that the counter-jet is at about75◦to the line of sight,and a density asymmetry on opposite sides of the nucleus by a factor of≈40provides a consistent explanation of the observed large-scale properties of the source. Acknowledgements.We thank an anonymous referee for his valuable suggestions to widen the scope of the discussions.The Very Long Baseline Array and the Very Large Array are facili-ties of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory,USA,oper-ated by Associated Universities,Inc.,for the National Science Foundation.MERLIN is a UK national facility operated by the University of Manchester on behalf of PPARC.We thank the staffof the different observatories which made these ob-servations possible.We have made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database(NED),which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,California Institute of Technology un-der contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-istration.ReferencesBarthel,P.D.1989,ApJ,336,606Blandford,R.D.,K¨o nigl,A.1979,ApJ,232,34Bondi,M.,Padrielli,L.,Fanti,R.,et al.1996,A&AS,120,89Bridle,A.H.,Perley,R.A.1984,ARA&A,22,319Bridle,A.H.,Hough,D.H.,Lonsdale,C.J.,Burns,J.O.,Laing, R.A.1994,AJ,108,766Carilli, C.L.,Perley,R.A.,Bartel,N.,Dreher,J.W.1996, Cygnus A−A study of a radio galaxy,ed.C.L.Carilli &D.E.Harris,Cambridge University Press,p.76 Eilek,J.A.,Shore,S.N.1989,ApJ,342,187Fanti,C.,Fanti,R.,Dallacasa,D.,et al.1995,A&A,302,317 Fernini I.,Burns J.O.,Bridle A.H.,Perley R.A.1993,AJ,105, 1690Fernini I.,Burns J.O.,Perley R.A.1997,AJ,114,2292 Garrington,S.T.,Conway,R.G.,Leahy,J.P.1991,MNRAS, 250,171Garrington,S.T.,Leahy,J.P.,Conway,R.G.,Laing,R.A.1988, Nature,331,147Gopal-krishna,Wiita,P.J.1991,ApJ,373,325Hardee,P.E.1987,ApJ,313,607Jeyakumar,S.,Saikia,D.J.,Rao,A.P.,Balasubramanian,V.2000,A&A,362,27Krichbaum,T.P.,Alef,W.,Witzel,A.1996,Cygnus A−A study of a radio galaxy,ed.C.L.Carilli&D.E.Harris, Cambridge University Press,p.92Laing,R.A.1988,Nature,331,149Linfield,R.1985,ApJ,295,463Mantovani,F.,Junor,W.,Fanti,R.,Padrielli,L.,Saikia,D.J.1994,A&A,292,59Mantovani,F.,Junor,W.,Ricci,R.,et al.2002,A&A,in press O’Dea,C.P.1998,PASP,110,493Owsianik,I.,Conway,J.E.1998,A&A,337,69Padrielli,L.,Aller,M.F.,Aller,H.D.,et al.1987,A&AS,67, 63Perley R.A.,Dreher J.W.,Cowan J.J.1984,ApJ,285,L35 Readhead,A.C.S.,Taylor,G.B.,Xu,W.,et al.1996a,ApJ, 460,612Readhead,A.C.S.,Taylor,G.B.,Pearson,T.J.,Wilkinson,P.N.1996b,ApJ,460,634Rees,M.J.1978,Nature,275,516Rudnick,L.,Edgar,B.K.1984,ApJ,279,74Saikia,D.J.1981,MNRAS,197,11PSaikia,D.J.1984,MNRAS,208,231Saikia,D.J.,Kulkarni,V.K.1994,MNRAS,270,897 Saikia,D.J.,Wiita,P.J.1982,MNRAS,200,83Saikia, D.J.,Jeyakumar,S.,Wiita,P.J.,Sanghera,H.S., Spencer,R.E.1995,MNRAS,276,1215Saikia,D.J.,Jeyakumar,S.,Wiita,P.J.,Hooda,J.S.1996.The second workshop on Gigahertz peaked spectrum and Com-pact steep spectrum radio sources,ed.I.A.G.Snellen,R.T.Schilizzi,H.J.A.R¨o ttgering&M.N.Bremer,Sterrewacht Leiden,p.252Saikia,D.J.,Jeyakumar,S.,Salter,C.J.,et al.2001,MNRAS, 321,37Scheuer,P.A.G.1995,MNRAS,277,331Scheuer,P.A.G.,Readhead,A.C.S.1979,Nature,277,182 Schoenmakers,A.P.,de Bruyn,A.G.,R¨o ttgering,H.J.A.,van der Laan,H.,Kaiser,C.R.2000,MNRAS,315,371 Schwab,F.R.,Cotton,W.D.1983,AJ,88,688Sorathia,B.,Bartel,N.,Bietenholtz,M.F.,Carilli,C.L.,1996.Cygnus A−A study of a radio galaxy,ed.C.L.Carilli&D.E.Harris,Cambridge University Press,p.86 Steppe,H.,Jeyakumar,S.,Saikia, D.J.,Salter, C.J.1995, A&AS,113,409Swain,M.R.,Bridle,A.H.,Baum,S.A.1998,ApJ,507,29L。