高中英语全套课本基础知识知识点、语法整理
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2019版人教版高中英语全教材各单元语法汇总必修一Wele Unit 简单句的基本结构一、句子成分二、基本句子结构必修一Unit 1 短语的类型和功能一、名词短语二、形容词短语三、副词短语必修一Unit 2 将来时的表达一、现在进行时的基本用法二、现在进行时表将来的用法三、其他几种表示将来的结构必修一Unit 3 反意疑问句附加疑问句一、否定附加疑问句的回答二、回答附加疑问句的原则三、附加疑问句的几种特殊情况必修一Unit 4 限制性定语从句1关系代词一、关系代词的用法二、使用定语从句的注意事项必修一Unit 5 限制性定语从句2关系副词与“介词+关系代词”一、关系副词引导的定语从句二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句必修二必修二Unit 1 定语从句需注意的问题限制性定语从句一、基本概念二、关系词的种类和功能三、that和which引导定语从句的区别必修二Unit 2 现在进行时的被动语态1.现在进行时的被动语态的构成形式2.现在进行时的被动语态表示的意义3.现在进行时的被动语态注意要点必修二Unit 3 现在完成时的被动语态一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6点问题必修二Unit 4 过去分词的功能一、过去分词作宾语补足语二、过去分词作定语必修二Unit 5 过去分词作状语一、过去分词作表语二、过去分词(短语)作状语必修三必修三Unit 1 动词ing形式作定语、表语一、动词ing形式作表语二、动词ing形式作定语必修三Unit 2 现在分词作宾语补足语、状语一、动词ing形式作状语二、动词ing形式作宾语补足语必修三Unit 3 省略句一、简单句中的省略二、并列句中的省略三、复合句中的省略四、其他的省略情况必修三Unit 4 动词不定式作定语、状语动词不定式一、结构二、用法必修三Unit 5 情态动词与过去将来时情态动词1.can/could的用法2.may/might的用法must/have to的用法3.shall/should的用法4.will/would的用法5.should/ought to的用法6.“情态动词+have done”的用法。
高中必修一到必修五主要语法点必修一:直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句);现在进行时表将来;定语从句必修二:定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提);被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态) 必修三:情态动词;名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)必修四:主谓一致;非谓语动词(V-ing) ;构词法必修2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法必修3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句五单元同位语从句必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单元v-ing作状语第五单元构词法必修5 第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句第五单元省略句必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through 经历,经受get through 通过;完成;接通电话2. set down 记下,放下3. a series of 一系列4 on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加(某个活动);take part in 参加(活动)join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。
高中语法学问点总结第一章冠词高考对冠词的考查集中在基本用法上,主要既反映在对泛指,特指及固定短语冠词的考查;抽象名词,物质名词的详细化依旧是高考的重点,难点;一,不定冠词“一”的概念,但并不强调数目,用来表示不确定的不定冠词a,an 与one 同源,表示柔弱的人或事物;an 用在元音前,而不是元音字母前;A 用在辅音前,而不是辅音字母前;a university in Asia1.表示同类中的“任何一个”A cat has nine lives.2.表示泛指的某人,某物I know a John Lennon ,but not the famous one.3.表示数量的“一”He has a daughter.4. 表示单位数量的”每一”I earn 10 dollars an hour.5.表示相同的”The two birds are of a color.6. 用于集体名词前He grows up in a large family.7. 在某种情形下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前China has a long history.二,定冠词的用法1.表示特定的人或物2.表示地球,宇宙中独一无二的事物主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体;The sun,the moon,the earth3.表示地点,方向,时间,方式等at the corner 在拐角处1)在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词;In spring 在春天2) 详细某年的某个季节,需用冠词;In the summer of the year20213)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前thefirst the second4)用于形容词前使其名词化the rich the poor“夫妇”或全家5)用于复数姓氏前,表示The Smiths6)用于乐器名词前Playthe piano7)用于by+the+计量单位名词By the pound1. 用于复数名词前复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词;Students should obey the school rules. 同学应当遵守校规;复数名词如需特指,就要加定冠词;The students are too lazy. 这些同学太懒;2. 用于不行数名词前不行数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词;如:Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的;Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体;不行数名词如需特指,就要加定冠词;He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块;3.用于专出名词前在通常情形下,专出名词前要用零冠词;如:Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语;在特殊情形下,如专出名词需要特指,也可加定冠词;如:The Smith you ’re looking for no longer lives here.4. 用于抽象化的可数名词前有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动,其前通常零冠词;Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了;She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜;这类主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, market, sea, town 等;另外,这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关;如:“住院”在英国英语中通常说成in hospital ,而在美国英语中就通常说成in the hospital ;类似的仍有go touniversity ( 英)上高校在吃饭;5. 用于职务及头衔前/ go to the university ( 美)上高校;at table (英)在吃饭/ at the table (美)当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语,补足语及同位语时,其前通常用零冠词;如:Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统;He will be made captain of the football team. 他将被选为足球队队长;6. 在表示学科,语言,三餐,月份,季节,节假日,星期等名词前,通常用零冠词;我们大家都对物理感爱好;We are all interested in physics.7. 用于某些固定结构中go to sea 去当水手at night 在晚上at most 至多at last 最终on foot 步行at home 在家at least 至少第一at firstin bed 在床上face to face 面对面其次章代词高考中对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词(主要是其中的代词上;it),关系代词,指示代词和不定一,it 的用法1.作人称代词John likes playing Ping pong ./ He always does it in the afternoon .(指代上下文提到的事物);/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home . / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment .(可指时间,天气,环境等)2.引导词A .作形式主语,代替由不定式,动名词或从句表示的真正主语;It's important for us to learn a second language ./ It's no use talking to him ./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.B.作形式宾语,代替由不定式,动名词或从句表示的真正宾语;We feel it our duty to help others ./ He made it clear that he would leave the city .C.强调结构:It is (was) + 被强调部分+that ( 或who)其后的连接词也绝不能为when 留意:在强调结构中,如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语,或where,而应用that ;在复习中,肯定要留意句式的不同;It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar .(that 引起强调句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar .(where 引起定从)It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there .(when 引起时间状语从句)It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there .(that 引起强调句)3. it,one,that 的区分:作为代词,这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一;—Why don't we take a little break. —Didn't we just have .A .it B.that C.one D.thisThe Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in .A .they B .it C.one D .whichthat 特指性强,指代可数与不行数词,而it 指代上文提过one 用以指代同类事物中的任一,的同一事物;二,关系代词who,whose,whom,which,that,as1)which 可以引导非限定性定语从句,代表前面整个句子的内容,并且在从句中做主语2)that 的用法1)不用that 的情形a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时;b) 介词后不能用;We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情形a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which ;等作先行词b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little时,只用that,不用which;c) 先行词有the only, the very 修饰时,只用that;that;.d) 先行词为序数词,数词,形容词最高级时,只用e) 先行词既有人,又有物时;举例:All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题;Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察;as 的用法3)AS 作关系代词,用来引导定语从句一,AS 引导限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句和限非制性定语从句AS 引导限制性定语从句时,通常和such, the same, as(so)等连用,构成such...as/such as, thesame...as/the same as, as(so)...as等结构,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语;1.such...as/such as意为“.的.. 那种...,像那样的”,such...as/such as引导限制性定语从句时, )既可指人,也可指物;such 用于名词之前时时,具有代词性质;,具有形容词性质;such 单独使用(即后面不接名词Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as作主语)不要信任那种当面吹捧你的人;You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as 作宾语你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书;Associate with such as will improve your manners.(as 作主语)要和能改善你的言行的那种人结交;)2.the same...as/the same a s意为“与...同样的”和, such一样,the same既有形容词作用代词性质;We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.(as 作宾语)我们已得出和他们同样的结论;比较:the same...as和the same...that 不同,前者是“同那一个相像”后,者是“正是那一个如:This is the same watch as I lost.这同我丢的那块表一样;,又有”;这正是我丢的那块表;3.as(so)...as意为“和...一样”后,接由many, much等修饰的名词或由形容词修饰的单数名词,留意其语序为as(so)+adj.+a+n+as,如:It ’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影;As many soldiers as marched were killed.许多游行的战士都被杀了;留意:such ...as 与such...that ,so...as与so...that 的区分: that 是连词,引出结果状语从句,在从句部分不作成分;as 是关系代词,引出定语从句,在从句中可作主语,宾语和表语;比较: He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him.He is such a nice boy as everyone likes.It is so difficult a problem that nobody can work it out.It is so difficult a problem as nobody can workout.二,AS 引导非限制性定语从句AS 引导非限制性定语从句时,通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词),而是指整个主句表达的内容,对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明,意为“这...,如...或正如... ;”这种从句可位于主句之前,之中或之后;As we all know, Taiwan belongs to China.Taiwan, as we all know, belongs to China.Taiwan belongs to China, as we all know.留意下面的习惯用法:as is well discussed 正如已争论过的as is often said 正如通常所说as is often the case 通常就是这样as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样as has been said before 如上所述as often happens 犹如常常所发生的那样as might be expected 正如所料as is well known to all 众所周知在多数情形下,从句中的谓语助动词可以省略as explained before 如前面所说明的as mentioned above 如前面所提到的as shown in the figure 如下列图as seen from the table 从表中可以看出as already discussed 正如已争论过的三,不定代词一). some 与any 的用法1. some 用于确定句以及表示建议或期望得到确定回答的问句;修饰单数名词时,意为某个;如:I have some questions about the assignment.(期望得到确定答复);表示一些;用于确定句时,只和单数名词或不行数名词连用,2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时,表示任何;如:‘s.The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist二). each 与every 的用法1. each 强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的每一个,在句中可充当主语,宾语,定语和同位语;如:There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.every of them ,2. every 强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的每一个,只能作定语,不能说要说every one of them .Every student in our class works hard.三. no one 与none 的用法of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式,1. no one 意为没有人,只能指人,不能指物,不行与介词回答who 引导的问句;如:Who is in the classroom ?No one.2. none 既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为一点也不,一个也不;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与of 连用,通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个,回答how much 和how many 引导的问句;如:They were all tired ,but none of them would stop to have a rest.四. other,another,others,any other,the other 的用法1. other 表示泛指,意为另外的,其它的;常与复数名词或不行数名词连用;假如其前有the,this,some,any,each,every,no,one 以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词;如:I have no other place to go.2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的另外一个,假如其后接复数名词,就表示又,再,仍;如:泛指单数;可单独使用,也可后接名词;This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one);We need another three assistants in our shop.3. others :它是other 的复数形式,表示泛指,意为别的人或物,但不指全部;特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词;如:He has more concern for others than for himself.4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个;如:China is larger than any other country in Asia.5. the other :表示两者中的另外一个;可单独使用,也可接单数名词;如:No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.五. all 与均表示都,both 的用法但all 表示三者以上的人或物,both 就表示两个人或物;二者都表示确定意义,假如与not 连用时,就表示部分否定;六. neither 与either 的用法都可用于表示两个人或物;neither 表否定意义,意为(两者中的每一个)都不;而either 表确定意义,意为(两者中的每一个)都;都可单独使用,也可同介词Both teams were in hard training ;neither willing to lose the game.Do you want tea or coffee ?of 连用;如:.‘t mindEither. I really don第三章形容词和副词高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对形容词和副词的辨析上,同时加大对比较级的考查一,形容词1)多个形容词修饰名词的排列次序限定词(包括冠词,全部格,人称代词,指示代词,数量词等)+表示观点的词(品质,状态,即表示好坏美丑等的词种类+用途+名词)+大小或长短+年龄或新旧+外形或样式+颜色+产地或来源+材料或a nice long new black British plastic pen2)形容词作状语,表相伴或结果He returned,safe but tired.3)复合形容词的用法1)形容词2) 形容词3)形容词+ 名词+ ed+ 形容词+ 现在分词现在分词过去分词kind-hearted 好心的,white-haired 白发的red-hot 酷热的,dark-blue 深蓝的good-looking 好看的,easy-going 随和的4)副词5)副词hard-working 勤劳的,hard-won 得来不易的,fast-moving 快速转动的newly-made 新建的++6)名词 7)名词 8)名词 9)数词 10) 数词 二, 形容词 现在分词 过去分词 名词 + ed life-long 终生的, world-famous 世界著名的+ + + + peace-loving 爱好和平的, snow-covered 白雪掩盖的, fun-loving 爱开玩笑的hand-made 手工的four-storeyed 4 层楼的, three-legged 3 条腿的+ 名词 (名词用单数 ) ten-year 10 年的, two-man 两人的形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法一,比较级和最高级的常见结构1. “ th e 比+较级 , the +比较级 “:表示 “越 越 ”The sooner you see a doctor, the better it is. 你越早看医生越好;2. the +序数词 +最高级 +单数可数名词:表示 “第几大的 ”This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson ;这是迈克尔 ·杰克逊第三受欢迎的歌曲;二,比较级和最高级的修饰语1.常见的比较级的修饰语有: rather, any, (far) larger thanThis movie is far more interesting than I expected. 这部电影比我原想的有意思的多;2. all the + 比较级:愈来愈I worked all the harder. 我工作愈来愈努力了;much, a little, a great deal, far, by far, even, will, still, a bit, a little, 3.常见的最高级的修饰语有:序数词, 等He is almost the best player. 他基本上是最好的选手;4. any 修饰比较级只用于疑问句,否定句和条件状语从句Can you do any better on this job. 你这件事情能不能做得更好些 三,表达倍数的常用结构1.数词 +times+as+ 形容词原级 +asThis room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍;2.数词 +times+ 形容词比较级 +thanby far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really .This room is twice bigger than that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍;3.数词 +times+ 性质名词 +of ( 性质名词主要有: 等)length, size, height, weight, depth This room is twice the size of that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍;4. (not)half+as+ 形容词原级 +asThis room is half as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的一半;四,比较级与冠词的搭配1.不含 than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰,构成 “ a/an 比+ 较级 +单数可数名词”表示 “一个 更 的人 /物 ”; Why don ’ t you use a sharper knif e 你. 为什么不用一把更锐利的刀呢 .2.被比较者被明确特指时,比较级前面应当加定冠词 “ th e 修”饰; Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy. 哪一个年龄小一些,莉莉仍是鲁西 五,比较级和同级比较.1. as +原级 + as : 和 一样The room is as big as that one.这间房子和那间一样大;2. as many/much/far/long as + 详细数词:到达某种程度The number of the students in that school reaches as many as 4,000.那所学校的同学数量多达 4ooo 人;a 中s 间出名词时采纳以下格式: 3. as 1) as +形容词 + a/an +单数名词 +asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一样都是和善的人;2) as + many/much+ 不行数名词 /可数名词复数 +asI can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸,我也能;I have as many books as you do.我的书和你的一样多; 六,关于比较级,最高级的几个高频考点1. most 前如没有 the ,就没有比较的意思,只是加强语气,有 This is a most interesting story ;2. 比较级 +than any otherShe is taller than any other girl in her class ;“很,特别 ”之意;never 比+较级 ,not ever 比+较级3. I have never heard a better voice than yours ;比+较级 +thanNothing is more precious than time ;没有比时间更宝贵的;第四章系动词的用法1. 最常用连系动词:2. 表变化的系动词: 词一般只有一般现在 be(am; is/was; are/were);get; turn; go; fall; become; grow; come; run 时和一般过去时两种时态变化形式, ;用法留意:在英语中,系动 没有其他时态变化形式; 但表 变化的这类系动词除外,它们有各种时态变化;E.g.: It is becoming colder and colder.The food has gone bad.此处仍需留意的是 become 和 turn 后接表职业的名词时冠词的有无:E.g.: Two years later, he became a teacher.但 Two years later, he turned teacher.另外, go 表变化时一般指事情向消极,不好的方面转化;3. 所谓 “感官动词 ” :look; sound; taste; smell; f e e ;l 一般它们在句子中译成: 上去;此类系动词为高考高频词;E.g.: The food tasted good. 食物尝起来很香;;;;起来; ;;; 其中必需留意到它们本身也用作实义动词,所以在平常的教学和应用中肯定多比较,关注它们的用法;E.g.: He looked sadly at the picture. / She looked sad after hearing the news.Tom tasted the food and it tasted good.4. 表状态的系动词: keep; stay; remain; (依旧是;保持)E.g.: She remains loyal to her father despite his cruelty towards her.What a lovely day today. I love fine weather and I hope it will stay fine for some more days. Much remains to be done.5. 表像系动词: seem; appear ;汉语意义:看起来像,似乎,似乎;这两个动词有一个共同 的特点,即假如要表达时态的变化,需要后接不定时来完成;E.g.: He seemed to have caught cold./ When Father came in, Tom seemed to be eating something. 另外此处一句型转换也要要求同学牢记It seemed that he had caught cold.When Father came in, it seemed that Tom was eating something.6. 终止系动词:prove; turn out ;表达“证明,证明,结果为;;;E.g.: He proved (to be) right. / The experiment turned out successful.系动词用法应留意的几个问题”之意;1.一般地说,系动词无进行时态,无被动语态Your hand feels cold.The soup tastes good.The dinner smells good.2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题;如:某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是He is growing taller and taller.Our life is getting better and better. Things are getting worse.get, become, grow, turn 等的进行时态可与形容词的比较“越来越”;例如:3.全部半系动词的被动语态要分情形争论;英语中某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态,二者不可混为一谈;例如:不能说:The apple is tasted good.由于taste 此时是系动词,质,无被动语态)“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性但我们可以说:The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下;(taste 此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)因此,在平常的英语教学和学习之,要有意留意半系动词在详细的语言环境中到底是系动词用法仍是实义动词用法,要留意区分,识别;4.瞬时动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题英语中某些表示瞬时意义的系动词不能与+ 时间,so far 等”直接连用;例如:“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by①不能说:He has become a teacher for 2 years.应改为:He has been a teacher for 2 years.②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.应改为:He has been a write since 3 years ago.或It is two years since he turned writer.③不能说:He got angry until his child came back home.应改为:He didn ’t get angry until his child came back home.5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)系动词除了接adj.\n.\prep. 短语,仍可接以下几种表语形式:①能接as if/as though 表语从句的系动词有:look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(显得),seem(似乎);例如:It looks as if we are going to have snow. 看样子天要下雪了;He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales. 他看来似乎刚从我的童话故事 中走出来似的;’ t understand why Laur 看a 来w a 她s 好th e 像r e 不. 能懂得为She seemed as if (though) she couldn 什么劳拉呆在那儿; tap run ’nin s g asomewhere. 我似乎听到某处水龙头流水的声音; It sounds to me as though there She felt as if her head were splitting. 她似乎觉得她的头要裂开了;The river appeared as if enveloped in smog. 那条河似乎掩盖在烟雾之中;It seems as if it were spring already. 似乎已是春天了;②可用于 “It+系动词 +that 从句 ”结构的有: seem, appear 如:It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work. 似乎他在工作中犯了严峻错误; It appeared that he was talking to himself. 似乎他在自言自语;③能用不定式作表语的系动词有: be, seem, , look, appear, prove, grow.Her job is to look after the children. 她的工作是照管孩子们;He seems not to look after the children. 他似乎不是她的父亲;He looks to be a young girl of twenty. 他看起来像是一个 He didn ’a t p pear to dislike it. 看不出他憎恨此事;My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议证明是错误的;20 岁的年轻姑娘;④能与 there 连用的系动词有: be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room. 那儿似乎只有一个房间;There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎没有必要走第五章 动词的时态和语态1,动词时态考查要点简述(1)一般现在时考点分析①表示客观事实或一般真理(不受时态限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.②表示现状,性质, 状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示常常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动 词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用;Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.③表示知觉,态度,感情,某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时: taste , feel , notice , agree , believe , like , hate ,want , thinkbelong seem 等;如:I know what you mean.see ,hear , smell , Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.④在时间,条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时;但要留意由 if 引导的条件状语从 句中可以用 shall 或 will 表 “意愿 ”,但不表示时态;假如你情愿接 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 受并参与我们的舞会,我的家人会特别兴奋;⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如 come ,go ,leave ,arrive ,fly ,return ,start ,begin ,pen ,close , end , stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定,方案或支配要发生的动作;当 be 表示依据时间或事先支配,确定会显现的状态,只用一般现在时;The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.(2)一般过去时的考点分析(考核重点);①一般过去时的基本用法: (或有上下文语境示意) 事通常用过去式;如:表示过去的事情, 动作或状态常与表示过去详细的时间状语连用 ;用于表达过去的习惯; 表示说话人原先没有料到,想到或期望的 I met her in the street yesterday.②假如从句中有一个过去的时间状语, 词连用过去式;如:尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生, 但从句中的谓语动 He told me he read an interesting novel last night.③表示两个紧接着发生的动作, 常由以下词语连接, 用一般过去时; 如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute ;The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.④常用一般过去时的句型:Why didn ’ t you / I think of that.I didn ’ t notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didn ’ t recognize him.(3)一般将来时考点分析;①表示将来的动作或状态常用 tomorrow , next week 等);②表示一种趋向或习惯动作;We ’ ll die without air or water.will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如③表示趋向行为的动词如 come ,go ,start ,begin ,leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时; ④be going to 与 will / shall, be to do, be about to do be going to 表示现在准备在最近或将来要做某事, 用法及区分:这种准备往往经过事先考虑, 甚至已做了 某种预备; shall / will do 表示未事先考虑过,即说话时暂时作出的打算;be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而 will 就能,表意愿;如:’ ll go 正f i 确shi)n g.( If it is fine, we If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.( 错误 )be to do sth.表按方案,支配即将发生的动作,仍可表示嘱咐,命令,禁止,可能性等;’ clock this afternoon.A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o be about to do sth.表示 “即可,就要 ”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句;Autumn harvest is about to start.(4)现在进行时考点分析;①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作; 表示现阶段但不肯定是发生在讲话时; 表近期特定的 支配或方案; go , come 等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时;如:It is raining now.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the baby before six.)The girl is always talking loud in public. ( 与 always ,often 等频度副词连用,表常常反复的行 动或某种感情颜色 )②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时;(A )表示心理状态,情感的动作: agree, mean, need ;like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, (B )表存在的状态的动词: (C )表示一时性动作的动词: appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on ;allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete ;( D )表示感 官的动词: see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look ;(5)过去完成时考点分析(考核重点);①常用过去完成时的几种情形:(A )在 by ,by the end , by the time ,until , before , since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或 从句以前发生的动作;如: By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.(B) 表示曾实现的期望,准备,意图,诺言等;常用 had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即: + to have done ;hoped / planned (C ) “时间名词 + before ”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时; “时间名词 + ago ”在 句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式;如: before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years (D )表示 “一 就 ”的几个句型: Hardly / No sooner / scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时; 如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.②在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时;After he (had) left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.(6)过去将来时考点分析;参照一般将来时对比:用 would do ,was / were going to do sth. 表过去将来; come ,go ,leave 等过去进行时表过去将来时; (7)过去进行时考点分析;was / were to do sth. 和 was / were about to do sth.表过去将来;①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生;②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生, (8)现在完成时考点分析;其中一个在由 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句中;①现在完成时除可以和 for ,since 引导的状语连用外, 仍可以和下面的介词短语连用: during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks) , in recent years 等;②以下句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since 从句完)t 成im 时e that+This(That / It)is the first(second This(That / It)is the only 完成+ t 时hat + 从句 + 完成+时thatThis(that / I t)is the best / finest / most interesting ③在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替一般将来时;如:I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.。
第一部分教材复习必修1Unit 1 Friendship基础巧回顾单词巧练4.She was suffered from loneliness but she had tolearn to like it there.去掉was原句背诵我会仿写1.“while +doing”是状语从句的省略形式While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗时,你不小心松了手,结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)在店里上夜班时,他让一个无家可归者睡在他的卡车里。
While working overnight in a store, he let a homeless man sleep in his truck.2.before引导时间状语从句,意为“过……之后才……”She and her family hid away for nearly twenty -five months before they were discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近25个月之后才被发现。
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)如果你错过这次机会,也许要过很久你才能得到另一次机会。
If you miss this chance, it may be long before you get another one.3.It is/was ... that ... 强调句型结构It's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.这是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
高中英语语法必背基础知识点总结在高中英语中,语法是必学的基础知识点之一。
掌握基础的语法知识,不仅能够帮助我们更好地理解英语课文,更能让我们在写作和口语表达中更准确、地道地运用英语。
本文将系统总结高中英语语法的必背基础知识点,从句子成分、时态、语态、虚拟语气等方面进行讲解。
一、句子成分1.主语:句子中说明主语是做什么或者是什么的句子成分。
2.谓语:句子中说明主语正在进行的动作或状态的句子成分。
3.宾语:句子中谓语动作的承受者或对象的句子成分。
4.补语:在使句子更完整、具体或清晰,或者用于强调信息时,与主语、宾语、谓语共同构成的句子成分。
5.定语:说明名词或代词的性质、特点、关系或限制的句子成分。
6.状语:说明动词、形容词、副词或整个句子时间、地点、方式、原因、目的等情况的句子成分。
7.同位语:对名词或代词做进一步解释或举例的句子成分。
8.插入语:用以强调某一句子成分或区分语气的句子成分。
二、时态时态是英语语法中的重要部分,是指一种动词变形形式,用来表示动作所发生的时间。
下面是高中英语中需要掌握的时态形式:1.现在时:表示正在进行的动作,或者表示客观真理、习惯性动作。
2.过去时:表示在过去完成或正在进行的动作。
3.将来时:表示将会发生的动作。
4.现在完成时:表示正在进行或刚刚完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
5.过去完成时:表示在过去某个时间点前已经完成的动作。
6.将来完成时:表示将在某个时间点之前完成的动作。
7.过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
8.现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。
9.将来进行时:表示将来某个时间点正在进行的动作。
三、语态语态是指动词表示的“动作发生的意义”与“该动作与主语的关系”所产生的特殊形式。
英语中的语态主要分为:主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。
在高中英语中,我们需要掌握正确使用主动语态和被动语态的方法和规则,以便更好地理解和表达英语句子。
高中英语基础知识点大全1. 语法知识点:- 时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等- 名词:单数名词、复数名词、可数名词、不可数名词等- 形容词与副词:形容词的比较级和最高级、副词的用法等- 代词:人称代词、反身代词、指示代词等- 动词:动词的时态、语态、情态动词等- 句型:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等2. 阅读技巧:- 掌握词汇:积累常用的高频词汇,可以使用词根、词缀和同义词、反义词进行记忆- 预测答案:通过理解文章主题、段落大意,利用关键词和上下文来预测答案- 推理能力:根据上下文的逻辑关系和提示,进行推断和理解文章的信息- 理解文章结构:了解文章的段落结构,掌握段落间的过渡词语和逻辑连接词汇- 把握阅读目的:明确阅读的目的和要求,带着问题进行阅读,筛选关键信息3. 写作技巧:- 语言表达:使用准确的词汇和语法结构,注意句子的流畅性和连贯性- 文章结构:合理组织文章结构,包括引言、正文和结论,确保逻辑清晰- 语篇连贯:使用适当的过渡词和连词,使句子和段落之间有良好的衔接- 注意细节:仔细检查文章的拼写、标点和语法错误,确保文稿的准确性- 创造亮点:运用修辞手法、比喻、对比等方式增加文章的表现力和趣味性4. 听力技巧:- 听力准备:在开始听力之前,预测话题,想象可能出现的词汇和内容- 注意听力顺序:根据听力材料的顺序和问句的顺序,有目的地去听答案- 筛选信息:聚焦主题,快速准确地捕捉关键词和关键信息- 监听关键词:听到关键词立即写下,不容错过- 检查答案:听完答案后,仔细检查所写答案的正确性和完整性以上是高中英语基础知识点的大全,希望对你有所帮助。
高中英语知识点总结归纳一、语法知识点1. 时态- 一般现在时- 用法:表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观事实、真理等。
例如:The earth moves around the sun.(客观真理)He often goes to school by bike.(经常发生的动作)- 结构:主语 + 动词原形(第三人称单数形式为动词 + s / es)。
例如:I play football every day. She studies hard.- 一般过去时- 用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如:I saw him yesterday.- 结构:主语 + 动词的过去式。
规则动词的过去式变化有一定规律,如直接加 -ed(work - worked),以e结尾加 -d(live - lived)等;不规则动词需要单独记忆(如go - went,see - saw)。
- 一般将来时- 用法:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如:I will go to Beijing next week.- 结构:will + 动词原形或be going to + 动词原形。
be going to结构更强调计划、打算。
例如:He is going to study abroad.- 现在进行时- 用法:表示此时此刻正在进行的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
例如:Look! She is dancing.(此时此刻)He is writing a book these days.(现阶段)- 结构:主语 + be动词(am/is/are)+ 动词的 -ing形式。
- 过去进行时- 用法:表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
例如:At that time, I was reading a book.- 结构:主语 + was / were + 动词的 -ing形式。
- 现在完成时- 用法:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
高中英语教材语法课知识点梳理
一、基本语法知识点:
1. 词类分类:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、冠词等。
2. 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
3. 时态和语态:包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、
现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时、现在完成时、被动语态等。
二、常见语法结构:
1. 直接引语和间接引语:包括引述的动词、时态和代词的变化。
2. 主从复合句:包括主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从
句等,以及连接词的使用。
3. 同位语从句:用来解释、说明名词的从句结构。
4. 倒装句:包括完全倒装和部分倒装,用于强调句子的某一部
分或表示某种情况。
5. 虚拟语气:包括虚拟条件句和虚拟语气的其他用法,表示假设、愿望、建议等。
6. 并列句和复合句的连接词:如and、but、or、so、because、although等。
三、常见错误和注意事项:
1. 主谓一致:要注意主语和谓语动词的语法一致性。
2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级:要注意不同形式的比较级和最高级的用法。
3. 冠词的用法:要注意不同情况下a、an和the的正确使用。
4. 介词的用法:要注意介词和动词、名词、形容词等的搭配。
5. 动词时态和语态:要注意时态和语态的正确使用,以及与其他词性的一致性。
综上所述,高中英语教材语法课的知识点主要包括基本语法知识、常见语法结构以及常见错误和注意事项。
通过系统学习这些知识点,学生能够提高对英语语法的理解和应用能力。
高中英语知识点大纲材料整理2024
以下是高中英语知识点大纲材料的整理,涵盖了语法、词汇、阅读、写作和听力等方面:
一、语法知识点:
1. 时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等。
2. 语态:主动语态和被动语态。
3. 从句:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句)、定语从句、状语从句等。
4. 虚拟语气:与过去事实相反的虚拟语气、与现在事实相反的虚拟语气、与将来事实相反的虚拟语气等。
5. 比较级和最高级:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,以及比较级和最高级的使用方法和结构。
6. 倒装句:完全倒装和部分倒装句的语法结构和用法。
二、词汇知识点:
1. 常用词汇:高考常见的考点词汇,如常见动词、名词、形容词等。
2. 词义辨析:同义词和近义词的区别,如常见的单词辨析。
三、阅读技巧和考点:
1. 阅读技巧:快速阅读、略读、精读的方法和技巧。
2. 阅读题型:主旨题、细节题、推理题、态度题等。
3. 阅读材料:包括新闻报道、社论、广告、传单、公告、说明文等。
四、写作技巧和考点:
1. 写作结构:写作各部分的结构和组织方法,包括引言、正文、结论等。
2. 表达方式:句式转换、句型转换、词语替换等写作表达技巧。
3. 写作题材:人物描写、事件描写、看图写话、书信、口头通知等写作题材。
五、听力技巧和考点:
1. 听力技巧:抓住关键词,注意听力材料中的重点信息。
2. 听力题型:听力材料中的选择题、填空题、判断题等。
以上是高中英语知识点大纲材料的整理,希望能对你的学习有所帮助!。
高中英语知识点总结一、语法基础1. 时态- 一般现在时:表示经常发生的动作或状态。
- 一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或状态。
- 一般将来时:表示将来会发生的动作或状态。
- 现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作。
- 过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
- 将来进行时:表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。
- 现在完成时:表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果。
- 过去完成时:表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的另一动作。
- 将来完成时:表示将来某一时刻之前将已经完成的动作。
2. 语态- 主动语态:主语是动作的执行者。
- 被动语态:主语是动作的承受者。
3. 非谓语动词- 动名词:作为名词使用,可以作主语、宾语等。
- 分词(现在分词和过去分词):作为形容词或副词使用。
- 不定式:作为名词、形容词、副词等使用。
4. 情态动词- can/could, may/might, must, should/ought to等,表示可能性、义务、建议等。
5. 句子结构- 简单句:只有一个主谓结构。
- 并列句:由两个或多个简单句通过并列连词连接。
- 复合句:包含一个主句和至少一个从句。
- 复杂句:包含一个主句和多个从句,至少有一个从句是嵌套的。
二、词汇与短语1. 基础词汇- 常用名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等。
- 同义词、反义词、短语动词等。
2. 词组和习语- 常见短语动词:look after, take care of, give up等。
- 习语和俚语:break the ice, bite the bullet, hit the sack 等。
三、阅读理解1. 阅读技巧- 略读(skimming):快速获取文章大意。
- 扫读(scanning):寻找具体信息。
- 精读(intensive reading):深入理解文章内容。
2. 文章类型- 记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文等。
3. 阅读理解策略- 预测:根据上下文预测内容。
第一部分教材复习必修1Unit 1 Friendship基础巧回顾单词巧练4.She was suffered from loneliness but she had tolearn to like it there.去掉was原句背诵我会仿写1.“while +doing”是状语从句的省略形式While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗时,你不小心松了手,结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)在店里上夜班时,他让一个无家可归者睡在他的卡车里。
While working overnight in a store, he let a homeless man sleep in his truck.2.before引导时间状语从句,意为“过……之后才……”She and her family hid away for nearly twenty -five months before they were discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近25个月之后才被发现。
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)如果你错过这次机会,也许要过很久你才能得到另一次机会。
If you miss this chance, it may be long before you get another one.3.It is/was ... that ... 强调句型结构It's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.这是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
3.(2017·天津卷)当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbours.4.It/This/That is/was the first time thatsb. has (have)/had done sth. 这/那是某人第一次做某事It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.这是我这一年半来第一次目睹夜晚。
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)这是我市第三次举行剪纸艺术展览。
This is the third time that our city has held the paper-cutting exhibition.重点全突破Part 1 重点单词1.upset adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的∥v t.(upset, upset, upsetting)使不安;使心烦;(熟词生义)打乱;打翻先试做(1)单句填空/单句改错①She was upset to know (know) that her application was turned dow n.②The other day, all my plans upset by the sudden change of the weather.upset前加were(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)I don't know enough words and my grammar is also poor, which upsets me.→③It upsets me that I don't know enough words and my grammar is also poor.(it作形式主语)→④What upsets me is that I don't know enough words and my grammar is also poor.(what引导主语从句)后记牢(1)be upset about/over/at sth.为某事心烦/难过be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过(2)What upsets sb. is ... 让某人心烦的是……It upsets sb. to do sth./that ... 做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是……苍蝇总是烦他,让他很烦。
2.concern v t.(concerned, concerned, concerning)(使)担忧;涉及;关系到∥n.[U,C]担心;忧虑;[C] (pl. concerns)关心的事先试做(1)单句填空/单句改错①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Others are concerned (concern) about using gardening methods.②(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)You showed me some photos concerning (concern) environmental protection.③Those concerned about the accident should be arrested.about→in/with(2)单句写作④(2017·浙江11月卷满分作文)就我个人而言,你可以通过这些活动更好地了解春节。
As far as I am concerned, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.后记牢concern oneself about/for ...担忧/关心……be concerned about/over/for ... 关心;挂念……be concerned with/in ... 牵扯进/参与……as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言◆提示concerned作“与……有关”讲时,作后置定语;作“焦急的;担忧的”讲时,作前置定语。
health concerns me.就我而言,父母忧心我的学习成绩,而我则担心他们的健康。
3.power n.[U]能力;力量;权利;动力∥(熟词生义)v t.(powered, powered, powering)给……提供动力先试做(1)单句填空/单句改错①(2016·四川卷)There are many powerful (power) people in their life and work.②Such is a power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.第一个a→the(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)You are so diligent that I'll try my best to help you know more about Tang poems.do all/everything in my power后记牢(1)have the power of ...有……的能力come to/into power 掌权;上台beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的do all/everything in one's power to do sth.竭尽某人的全力做某事(2)be powered by 由……提供动力;由……供电◆佳句Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones to success.一旦你对自己掌控恶劣局势的能力感到自信,难题就是你迈向成功的垫脚石。
4.recover v i.(recovered, recovered, recovering)复原;恢复健康//v t.重新获得;恢复先试做(1)单句填空①(2016·北京卷)He quickly gave the medicine to the sick children. All of them recovered (recover).②A number of stolen cellphones have been recovered (recover) so far.(2)一句多译感冒后这个男孩很快恢复了健康。
③The boy quickly recovered from his cold. (recover)④The boy made a quick recovery from his cold.(recovery)后记牢(1)recover from ...从……中恢复recover oneself 恢复知觉recover sth. 重新获得/找回某物(2)make a recovery from ... 从……中恢复◆佳句It took mum a few minutes to recover herself, and then she was back in control again.妈妈过了好几分钟才镇静下来,然后又恢复了常态。
5.settle v t.(settled, settled, settling)使定居;安排;解决//v i.安家;定居;停留先试做(1)单句填空/单句改错①(2017·天津卷)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down, get married, and have kids.②They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.③Jack visited Paris and finally settling there. settling→settled(2)单句写作我解决我和他之间的分歧有点困难。
④I have some trouble in settling the disagreement between him and me.后记牢settle sth. 解决某事settle down 安顿下来;使平静下来settle down to (doing) sth. 着手/专心于(做)某事settle in ... 在……居住settle on/upon sth. 决定/同意某事◆佳句Kari had already settled herself in a corner where she could watch.卡丽早已在一个方便观察的角落里舒服地坐下来了。