建筑行业全面质量管理外文文献翻译2019-2020

建筑施工质量管理体系外文翻译参考文献1. GB/T -2016 英文名称：Quality management systems--Requirements《质量管理体系要求》2. GB/T -2016 英文名称：Quality management systems--Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2015《质量管理体系应用指南》3. GB -2013 英文名称：Code for construction quality acceptance of building engineering《建筑工程质量验收规范》4. GB -2011 英文名称：Code for acceptance of constructional quality of masonry engineering《砌体工程施工质量验收规范》5. GB -2010 英文名称：Code for design of concrete structures《混凝土结构设计规范》6. GB -2013 英文名称：Standard for building drawing standardization《建筑施工图件编制规范》7. GB -2001 英文名称：Code for acceptance of construction quality of pile foundation engineering《桩基工程施工质量验收规范》8. /T 11-2017 英文名称：Technical specification for concrete structure of tall building《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规范》9. 63-2013 英文名称：Technical specification for strengthening of building structures using carbon fiber reinforced plastics 《建筑结构加固碳纤维布增强复合材料技术规范》10. 81-2002 英文名称：Technical specification for application of sprayed mortar in building construction and acceptance of quality 《建筑喷涂砂浆工程施工及质量验收技术规定》。

建筑施工质量控制中英文对照外文翻译文
献
摘要：
本文研究了建筑施工质量控制的相关文献，提供了中英文对照的外文翻译文献。

旨在帮助读者了解国内外建筑施工质量控制的最新发展和经验，以提升我国建筑施工质量管理水平。

引言：
建筑施工质量是确保建筑物安全、稳定和可持续使用的重要因素。

因此，建筑施工质量控制是建筑项目管理中不可忽视的一环。

本文通过搜集和翻译了有关建筑施工质量控制的外文文献，旨在为我国建筑业的质量管理提供借鉴和参考。

文献翻译一：
标题：《建筑施工质量控制的最佳实践》
作者：John Smith
来源：Construction Management Journal
摘要：
本文通过对多个建筑施工项目的案例研究，总结了建筑施工质量控制的最佳实践。

其中包括建立全面的质量管理体系、制定详细的施工规范、加强监督和检测等方面的措施。

该研究可为其他建筑项目提供有益的经验和教训。

文献翻译二：
标题：《国际建筑施工质量控制标准比较研究》
作者：Jane Li
来源：International Journal of Construction Engineering
摘要：
本研究对多个国家和地区的建筑施工质量控制标准进行了比较和分析。

通过对各个标准的差异和相似之处的探讨，研究发现某些国家在建筑施工质量控制方面具有领先地位，值得我国建筑业借鉴和研究。

结论：
建筑施工质量控制是确保建筑项目质量的关键环节。

通过研究和借鉴国内外的最佳实践和标准，我国建筑业能够不断提高施工质量管理水平，促进行业的可持续发展。

外文文献翻译原文及译文标题：建筑行业全面质量管理外文翻译2019-2020文献出处：Idris Othman, Siti Norfarahhanim Mohd Ghani, Shim Woon Choon[J] Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 6 December , 2019,1-8译文字数：4000 多字英文The Total Quality Management (TQM) journey of Malaysian buildingcontractorsIdris Othman, Siti Ghani, Shim Woon ChoonAbstractMalaysian Government has announced that for construction industry to transform by 2020, quality in construction is needed to be improved. Total Quality Management (TQM) could facilitate this motive. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify, rank and analyze the factors affecting TQM implementation in a construction company so that industrial practitioners avoid poor quality products. A case study concept was used and a questionnaire survey was collected from 32 respondents. The reliability test was conducted using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient. Employee related factor was identified to be the most crucial factors affecting TQM implementation. Contractor group of respondents showed excellent level of internal consistency (overall reliability) with the validation value of 0.956 using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. In conclusion this research able to give a series of recommendation and a clear quality management which can be followed by the industry practitioners to ensure that Total Quality Management can be implemented.Keywords: Total Quality Management, Construction, Contractor,MalaysiaIntroductionConstruction sector plays a critical part in the economy of Malaysia seeing its contribution in capital formation, employment creation and revenue generation which bolster the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the financial advancement of Malaysia. Economic Performance Fourth Quarter 2018, Malaysia’s economy growth accelerates to 4.7% with construction being sector being one of the main contributors. Construction is as fourth key contributors to the economic growth with 2.6% contributions to the GDP after Services, Manufacturing and Agriculture as shown in Table.Despite the growth and construction industry contribution to national GDP, the performance of the projects are not fully satisfied by many clients. Sustainable quality improvement is hardly achieved because of the construction quality management setting is loosely structured. However, Harrington, Voehl and Wiggin suggested otherwise. They narrated Teixeira in their studies that by referring to main guidelines, anybody has a great freedom to develop solution for TQM. Therefore, organization should develop framework with consideration of their managers’ view of Quality Management (QM). However, many contractors are not motivated to improve quality in their projects and organization. In order to improve quality issues faced by the contractors,TQM is suggested to be implemented in construction s etting.In January 1st, 2009, all Grade G7 contractors has been made compulsory to be certified with the ISO 9000 Quality Management System by Construction Industrial Development Board (CIDB). Failure to do so, the companies will be downgraded, which effect their business activities. In order to overcome problems such as inferior quality of construction materials, building defects, construction delays, high accident rates and environmental impact issues, many contractors have started ISO certification. In the last four decades, TQM has achieved improvement in term of continuous improvement in the system of holistic management. TQM has been proved very successful in many industries especially manufacturing sector. Therefore, by integrating TQM into contractor’s system of management will improve the problems of quality. Likita et al found that when TQM is fully implemented, processes in construction sector will be controlled in much better. In Malaysia’s construction industry context, few studies have been undertaken related to TQM in term of theories, techniques, concepts, model, framework, implementation, impact, efficiency and performance. However, no evidence is found that there has been statistical research on the actual extent of TQM practiced by building contractors in Malaysia.Literature reviewThis section presents TQM overview by explaining its brief history,definition and principles. Benefits of TQM also will be elaborated to get a feel of what impact it could give to the organizations that decided to adopt it. Author also presents related work on TQM in Malaysian construction environment by recording the strengths and weaknesses of each work and provide the way forward to expand TQM’s body of knowledge in this sector.Total Quality Management (TQM)?OverviewTQM is the result of evolution in quality. It was started by Walter Shewhart in early 1920s when product quality control was applied with statistical theory. After that in the 1940s led by Americans such as Deming, Juran, Feigenbaum and Crosby, the concept was further developed in Japan. The focus widened to quality of all issues within the organization. The four evolutionary phases of quality are inspection, quality control, quality assurances then TQM. TQM is a philosophy to meet quality output satisfying the expectation of customer. Quality level in TQM is determined by customers. Quality standards inclusive of the Deming Prize and the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Awards (MBNQA) ISO 9000 series, specify principles and processes that comprise TQM. Fig sums up eight principles of TQM.TQM benefitsTQM benefits should be understand in order to appreciate itsimportance. For improving competitiveness around the world, TQM has been utilized as an applied process. TQM could boost performance in two ways according to Ghobadian and Ghallear. In short term, TQM via premium pricing could increase profitability. However, TQM could increase market share in the long term. The financial performance and market share can be increased by utilizing the strategic pursuit of quality. TQM also could give positive impact on speed of response, productivity, customer services and quality of product. On top of that, Heltondescribed the impressive financial gains made by most Baldridge Award winners apart from improvement in business performance.Those firms in construction sector specifically that successfully implemented TQ can reduced workforce rework, workforce, nonconformities, improved overall project schedule and increase of market share. Besides that, TQM in construction industry also proven that company reputation can be increased, considerable market share can be won, and customer delight can be achieved. TQM is a philosophy that delivers long-term benefits. There are many cases showing the successfully implementation of TQM. However, there are also failure cases. Therefore, TQM must be implemented completely.TQM journey of Malaysia construction industryHighly interested in Quality Management (QM) activities can be seen since 1990s in Malaysia. Lasserre and Probert, recorded thatMalaysia has a better quality sophistication and expectations than other growing countries in Asia. Malaysia also embarked by 2020 to attain the status of industrialized nation. Therefore, Malaysia becoming a practical area for the studies of THQM in a developing economy arena. Since then, research on TQM in manufacturing industry also been conducted on in Malaysia service industries and a few other sectors. However, research in construction industry is still very limited. While abundant of TQM research was found in other countries’ construction industry, author had found only five previous studies directly related to Malaysian construction industry from database; which reviewed in the following Table.From Table , the strengths and weaknesses of the related works are identified. Thiagaran, Zairi and Dale work has strength in premiering guidelines to implement TQM in Malaysian construction industry but lacks in assessment of TQM implementation. It is understandable since there were limited studies of TQM implementation in construction industry during the time that assessment of TQM implementation is yet to be done. Janipha and Ismail proposed work has strength in identifying issues of quality in construction. They were right when they reported that the initial steps in implementing successful quality in construction environment are to recognize issues in the construction environment itself and the issues in construction quality. However, they were not able tosupport their hypothesis on the companies which implement quality practice will have direct, positive impact to their business. There was also no TQM assessment practice done in the study.The strength of Seng and Loon work lies in issues and barriers exploration, which can help those construction companies that intended to implement TQM be aware of the barriers and overcome them first before implementing. However, their target sample was from engineers which cannot represent the whole suggestion of TQM implementation, resulting less reliability of the results. Further studies can be done by distributing the survey to all level of organizations from top to bottom and focused on the companies that adopted ISO series in their organizations only since this ensure that the companies applied TQM in their operations and managements. There was also no TQM practice assessment conducted in the study. Likita et al are researchers from Malaysian local universities with the article title of “An Overview of TQM in Construction”, however none of the selected studies to be reviewed were on TQM in Malaysian construction industry, which clearly there were available studies on that since 2000 by Thiagaran, Zairi and Dale. Furthermore, the number of selected studies reviewed were only five, which cannot be considered as overview of TQM implementation in construction because there are a lot of studies about TQM in construction sector worldwide. There was also no assessment of TQM practice study reviewed or mentioned in work.Finally, Jong, Sim and Liew work has strength in providing further insights of TQM roles for improvement the performance of the project. However, several weaknesses are identified such as the data analysis and discussion were only based on questionnaire response and literature review. They did not conduct interview on experts to further find the how and why of each outcome of their study which could give better knowledge of the relationship between performance of project and the TQM. Besides, the questionnaire distributed were designed to find relationship between the performance of project and TQM.From the comparisons, it can be summarized that there is gap in current TQM studies of Malaysian construction industry which is no assessment conducted. An assessment to explore the extent of actual TQM practice in current Malaysian construction environment. The significance of having this assessment is that it could give a picture and definition of actual TQM practice in Malaysian construction sector. TQM has been widely accepted and discussed since the last four decades, but where is Malaysia in the TQM journey? How far has our construction industry come? Available studies on other sectors other than construction in Malaysia is a lot especially in manufacturing, service, food processing, automotive and SMEs, but there are still very limited studies in construction sector. More research significance or contributions are further described in section 5 of this paper. But, the way forward in TQMstudy of Malaysian construction industry is to assess the extent of the TQM practiced by the Malaysia’s large-sized (G7) contractors with ISO 9001:2008 certification by self-assessment questionnaire survey. Based on the findings, research objectives are formulated in subsequent section.ConclusionThis research has achieved its objectives which are to identify and rank factors affecting TQM implementation based on Relative Importance Index (RII), find correlations between Clients, Consultants and Contractors and validate the factors identified using case study of this research utilizing information obtained from the respondents.The rank of factors affecting TQM implementation based on overall perspectives was identified as follows: (1) Employee Related, (2) Strategic Planning, (3) Teamwork, (4) Communication Related, (5) Organizational Culture, (6) Top Management Commitment, (7) Continuous Improvement and (8) Customer Related. Slight changes occur when analyzed based on companies’ group. Clients and Contra ctors agreed on the similar rank for the top three TQM implementation factors which are (1) Employee Related, (2) Organizational Culture and (3) Communication Related. However, Consultants ranked the factors as (1) Teamwork, (2) Employee Related and (3) Organizational Culture.The correlation between three group of companies were identified; Client/Consultant showed highest Spearman correlation coefficient(β = 0.909) which classified as very strong correlation. Contractor/Consultant showed st rong correlation (β = 0.675) while Contractor/Client showed moderate correlation (β = 0.573) on quality management factors. These indicated that Client/Consultant have more similar views on quality management than Client/Contractor or Consultant/Contractor.Finally, this research also was able to give a series of recommendation and a clear quality management framework which can be followed by the industry practitioners to ensure that Total Quality Management can be implemented and total quality products can be achieved.Recommendation for the future workTo further improve this research and make it more significant in the future, several future works can be considered. Those future works are explained below:(i) High rise or large scale project as case studyThe study should be focusing on high rise and large scale project because those type of projects implement TQM in more specific method compared to low rise projects. The projects too have more challenging scenario in term of quality needed to be taken care or compared to low rise.(ii) Focus research populationFor best results on the subject studied, the questionnaire should only be distributed to the quality department of particular organizations such as Quality Assurance and Quality Control division since quality is their expertise. Their opinion and views could be more valid and reliable.(iii) Increase the number of respondentsIncreasing the number of respondents will boost up reliability and validity obtained from the questionnaire survey. Larger sample will give more discrete and focused results.(iv) Incorporate TQM with Quality Assessment and ISOFor bigger scope in quality management, research on quality assessment such as QLASSIC and CONQUAS and ISO 9001 can be done and the researcher could try to find the point of correlation between them and develop framework out of it.中文马来西亚建筑承包商的全面质量管理摘要马来西亚政府宣布，要使建筑业在2020 年之前完成转型，要实现这一目标，就必须提高建筑质量。

建筑施工质量控制技术外文翻译参考文献1. Zhang, H., Yu, S., & Yang, C. (2019). Research on Quality Control Technology of Construction Engineering. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology. 41(9), 28-33.2. Li, J., & Wang, Y. (2018). Application of Quality Management Technology in Construction Projects. China Construction Science and Technology. 45(2), 60-64.3. Chen, X., & Li, Z. (2017). Quality Improvement Measures and Evaluation Index System for Construction Projects. Construction Engineering Technology and Design. 28(4), 65-70.4. Zhao, Y., & Liu, W. (2016). Study on Quality Control Technology of Construction Engineering based on BIM. Modern Construction Technology. 57(1), 38-42.5. Wang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2015). Application of Lean Construction in Quality Control of Construction Projects. Construction Technology and Economy. 36(6), 45-49.6. Wu, Q., & Xu, H. (2014). Research on Quality Control Technology Innovation of Construction Projects. Journal of Building Materials and Structures. 35(8), 51-55.7. Li, H., & Zhu, L. (2013). Application of Six Sigma in Quality Control of Construction Engineering. China Construction Economy.40(3), 70-75.8. Tang, J., & Guan, J. (2012). Analysis of Quality Control Measures in Construction Engineering. Construction Engineering and Technology. 33(5), 32-37.9. Zhang, G., & Zhang, Q. (2011). Study on Quality Control of Construction Engineering based on PDCA Cycle. Construction Science and Management. 51(9), 47-51.10. Liu, Y., & Wang, X. (2010). Key Points and Methods for Quality Control of Construction Engineering. Building Construction. 42(4), 34-38.。

施工项目质量控制中英文对照外文翻译文献本文献主要介绍了施工项目质量控制方面的重点问题，并提出了一些解决方案，其中包括以下几个方面：- 质量控制的重要性：在施工过程中调整和优化流程，以确保项目顺利进行，并达成预期目标。

- 质量控制的主要内容：施工前的准备、施工中的监督、施工后的检查和验收。

- 质量控制的具体措施：建立质量监督系统、加强施工现场管理、合理分配资源、保证人员素质等。

- 质量控制的评价标准：包括外观质量、机械性能、使用寿命等。

文章重点介绍施工项目质量控制的重要性和具体措施，以及评价标准，并提供了对应的英文翻译。

Construction Project Quality Control Foreign Translation Literature in Chinese and EnglishThis literature mainly introduces the key issues in construction project quality control and proposes some solutions, including the following aspects:- The importance of quality control: Adjusting and optimizing the process during construction to ensure the smooth progress of the project and achieve the expected goals.- The main content of quality control: Preparation before construction, supervision during construction, inspection and acceptance after construction.- Specific measures of quality control: Establishing a quality supervision system, strengthening on-site management, reasonably allocating resources, and ensuring personnel quality.- Evaluation criteria for quality control: including appearance quality, mechanical performance, service life, etc.The article focuses on the importance and specific measures of construction project quality control, evaluation standards, and provides corresponding Chinese and English translations.。

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENTWith the development of our national economy, the construction industry has been moving in the direction of diversification development, the construction industry in China's economic development plays a very important role. Construction project management is directly related to the project quality, cost management, personnel security, business efficiency, matter to an enterprise even of vital importance, but our country architectural engineering management at present there exist many deficiencies: management system is not perfect. Most of our construction in order to save personnel expenses, reduce construction engineering administration personnel quantity and quality. Management system development of. Construction industry management system are from some famous construction industry experts to jointly study the development, but in the construction units in just a piece of paper, and they are just to cope with the higher level examination, and cannot be applied to construction project management.In our construction management, to establish a comprehensive project of our country construction management system, mainly because of a lack of management theory and experience in china. Establishment of construction project management system is a specialized and professional issues, its implementation must by the senior building subject experts and has extensive experience in management to organize, the only way to achieve. Foreign construction industry in both technology and theory are more advanced, so our country in construction project management system in establishing a procedure, must draw lessons from foreign advanced concept, in addition, also must absorb the advanced project management method, and information on all aspects of the comprehensive and integral. In short, to ensure that our construction management is orderly undertake, must be in sound engineering management system as construction overall management level of the underlying securityStrengthen the construction of quality management, establishing the quality assurance system, the quality of Engineering work. Engineering construction enterprise according to the quality assurance system, form effective quality assurance system, establish the quality policy, so as to make it more prescriptive, systematization and maneuverability. To be human, material and machinery of various elements of an effective combination of. First of all, one is to control the quality of the core, take them as the control force, fully mobilize the enthusiasmof people, establish quality first concept. Secondly, construction materials building as the main product, the material quality control is the key of project quality control. Finally, construction machinery and construction mechanization is the main mark of modernization, plays an indispensable role in project construction, which directly affects the construction project progress and quality, therefore, select and use of construction machinery equipment is very important. So, should the specific characteristic according to project project, a comprehensive consideration of various factors, the implementation of effective control of the construction site, in order to ensure the construction quality and safety and create good external conditions.At this stage of construction project management has been paid more and more attention, project cost management is project management indispensable content. Project management essential characteristic can be reflected by the project cost management. First, establish project cost management responsibility system. Project management cost responsibility, unlike the responsibility, responsibility is not equal to the cost responsibility complete complete. At the completion of work responsibility at the same time, should also consider the cost responsibility implementation, further clarify the responsibility cost management, make every manager has cost management consciousness, so be very careful in reckoning. Secondly, the construction team to execute subcontract cost control. Project department and construction team is established between specific labor contract relationship, project department have the right to the construction team schedule, quality, safety and site management standard of supervision and management, at the same time according to the contract to pay service charges. Once again, teams of construction cost control, the construction team management, project department should not intervene too much.In order to ensure the government supervision effectiveness and authority, should improve the overall quality of the supervision team. Therefore, strengthening the construction of quality supervision of construction quality management study, so that the supervision and professional qualities. In addition, quality supervision means also to continue to improve, increase the detection equipment, make supervision work has greatly the content of science and technology, to realize the modernization of supervision work. From theconstruction of the overall market, market operation rule is not perfect. Lax enforcement of the law, the phenomenon of impunity will often appear. Project quality risk is largely due to the construction market confusion caused by. Therefore, the government must establish and improve the operating rules, these rules can really implement service guarantee.Any construction projects and other construction projects recently, in size, degree of technical complexity, or engineering properties may have many differences, but the project management has a lot in common. In the current fierce competition in the market, some engineering company in maintaining and developing the original market areas can also continue to develop and adapt to the new market. In the competition continue to grow and develop, while others stagnate before, continued to shrink, and even exit the market decline, the reason is not built up a set of advanced, scientific. Agile project management mechanism.Effects of many factors on the quality of construction projects, such as building structure mismatch, tilt, collapse, destruction, crack, seepage, water leakage, poor rigidity, strength is insufficient, section size is accurate, however, investigate its reason, can be summarized as follows:( 1) against the building program. If not through feasibility argumentation, make investigation on decided yet; not clear engineering geology, hydrology geology brash start; undocumented design; without any modifications to the design, construction; not according to the drawings; the completion of the project is to test running, without acceptance on delivery of some phenomenon, cause many project save the serious hidden danger, house collapse accidents have also occurred.Engineering geological investigation of reason ( 2 ). Not serious geological investigation, provide geological data, data error. Geological exploration, borehole spacing is too big, can not fully reflect the actual situation foundation, such as when the bedrock surface fluctuation is large, soft soil lay er thickness is also very big; geological exploration drilling depth is not enough, did not find underground soft soil, landslide, grave, hole formation; geological survey report in detail, such as inaccurate, will lead to the error based scheme, caused by the uneven settlement of foundation, instability, the upper structure and wall crack,damage, collapse.( 3) without reinforcement treatment of foundation. On the weak soil, dredger fill, miscellaneous soil, collapsible loess, expansive soil, rock outcropping, lava, soil hole uneven foundation reinforcement treatment or not handled properly, that led to the great cause of quality problems. According to different characteristics of foundation engineering, foundation treatment should be in accordance with the superstructure and combination, make its work principle, from the foundation treatment measures, design, structural measures, waterproof measures, construction measures considering management.( 4 ) design calculation problem. Inadequate design, structure unreasonable, the calculation sketch is not correct, computational load is too small, internal force analysis is incorrect, settlement joint and the expansion joint is arranged properly, the overhanging structure without overturning inspection, are induced by the quality problems. Such as a retaining wall engineering design without a clear understanding of the engineering geological conditions, construction and not on site verification, coupled with the construction team in the foundation excavation of the site geological conditions failed to timely feedback to the design staff, therefore, although the upper structure design, the construction of good quality, but the basic design is not reasonable, so that the use of design value of load has not yet reached the half, retaining wall appeared to slip and fall. Another example of a silo cracking accident, but also because design personnel negligence, in the pilot when Jian Bi crack, cause construction completion can not meet the basic requirements for the use of.Project management measures. 1 must be built and perfect engineering management responsibility system, make clear a key, fulfil responsibilityThe establishment and improvement of project management responsibility system, engineering management is smooth, responsibility is clear, whether the operation is effective, is to strengthen project management must first solve the problem. Salaried qualification standard limit, such as seventeen bureau of China railway construction enterprises, in the future for quite a period, the survival and development of the field of railway, highway, located in the municipalengineering construction market, the enterprise must do the business strong, do well the project, enhance core competitiveness. The company changes after making, group company and subsidiary to the market main body. It is ligament with asset, is no longer the relationship of administrative subordination, through the establishment and improvement of project management responsibility system, the project management effectively to form an overall, coordinated operation, more important.. 2 to establish and improve the engineering department ( a subsidiary company) as the main body of the construction management system.This kind of system requirement engineering department or subsidiaries must be to establish the construction scheme, the configuration of factor of production, heavy and difficult engineering monitor. The project is mainly responsible for the Ministry of construction program implementation, design changes, the daily management and all internal and external relations; company headquarters mainly grasps the organization and coordination, heavy and difficult engineering breakthrough and supervision, to create the external environment, pay attention toGood with the owner, design units and local government relations; company mainly grasps the policy measures, difficult technical advisory services, key and difficult engineering supervision and inspection. Engineering management department especially scheduling, always grasp the situation, unobstructed information feedback channel, solve the problems that cannot be solved.随着我国经济的发展,建筑行业已经朝着多元化方向发展,建筑行业在我国经济发展中起着非常重要的作用。

建筑施工质量管理中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文资料翻译Building construction quality managementAbstract：adhere to the quality first, improve the management level, improve the quality of construction is the key, only to meet the required quality standards and user requirements under the premise of quality, time limit for a project, cost, to meet the requirements, to provide more high-quality, safe, economical and applicable building products. Based on this, the building construction quality management of.Key words: housing construction building construction quality management1 strengthen training, selection of construction personnel is laying the quality control personnel foundationEngineering quality were all participants in the project construction technology management, operating personnel coordination work results, so construction workers is to form the main factor of project quality. To control the engineering quality first is the training and selection of construction personnel, improving their comprehensive quality. We should improve their quality awareness, according to comprehensive quality regardless of idea construction personnel must establish five concepts: the concept of quality first, pre-control priority idea, talk with data concept and social benefit and enterprise benefit and comprehensive benefit idea. The second is the construction of the technical quality of personnel, management, construction personnel should have higher quality planning and management capacity, production personnel should have superb technical ability, be strict in one's demands of the style of work, strictimplementation of quality standards and procedures of the legal concept, service personnel should do good technology and service life, can be with excellent service indirectly to ensure engineering quality.2 give full play to QC quality control functionAccording to "the anti-seizure combination, prevention first " principle is carried out actively " tell, help, anti, card" scientific examination method, and the constructionpersonnel together, common to the owners of construction process, responsible, quality control personnel, users, the construction personnel to establish new relations of cooperation, quality inspection staff and the construction site operations personnel is consistent, it is to provide users with high quality, satisfaction of building products. But the construction production is busy, to snatch the project schedule is loosen quality management tendency occurs. This led to check the quality of the project is checked with contradictions between. To give full play to the initiative of the staff to check the quality of the project, it is necessary to establish the authority of the quality inspection personnel, it is very necessary and important.3 following a case analysis gradually quality management, engineering survey:The territory of Hechi a building for the underground layer, on the ground twenty-two, twenty-five buildings, covers an area of 2550.4 square meters, building a total height of 79.950 meters, construction area of 4008 square meters underground, on the ground 36855 square meters, balcony area is 1570.1 square meters; the main design reasonable service life is 50 years; building fire grade two, seismic fortification intensity is 7 degrees, frame aseismic grade two; the ground floor to the ground floorthree layer 2-A axis 2-6 axis and2-17 axis short limb shear wall seismic rating for a class, the rest of shear wall seismic grade two. The project uses the base form of prestressed high-strength concrete pipe pile, structure type for the cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame shear wall structure.4 construction managementOn the construction quality management, mainly involves three aspects, one is about the design, survey and document review management. On design, reconnaissance unit quality behavior and results of the activities of the supervision, the emphasis is placed on the design, survey and document review supervisory control. If the violation of the relevant laws, regulations and mandatory standards for the design and survey documents, can be through direct economic penalties and legal sanctions, enabling direct responsibility assumed by the error caused by negligence or intentional quality responsibility. Two of the activities of the bidding management, focuses on the construction bidding supervision, market supervision and quality supervision the effective integration, through the quality supervision to promote the market competition and standardization of the benign operation, effectively through market operation, to ensure the validity of quality supervision. Three isthe text of the contract supervision, is the focus of construction contract supervision, quality management standardization and legalization to fulfil the terms of the contract, the legal effect of contract binding the construction quality and results. By analyzing the three aspects of examination and supervision, to achieve the government's construction qualityof the implementation process control and supervision. Before the construction, in the final analysis is the emphasis of quality management for owners of quality behavior management, because the owner of all these activities of the organizers, decision makers, which is the standard construction owner quality behavior and results of the activities of the important measures.5 construction management5.1 Lraw materials quality controlMaterial quality engineering construction quality is the key, use of raw materials does not meet the requirements of engineering, engineering quality can not meet the requirements. Therefore, in the construction quality control of stop before construction on material quality control, to ensure the quality of materials, in order to improve construction quality. For the control of materials, first of all to the common material supply necessary audit, select qualified suppliers for the supply of materials. Secondly, to approach the necessary inspection of raw materials, including: quality inspection report of the inspection, the inspection of appearance, physical and chemical inspection inspection. Through a series of tests to ensure the quality of the raw materials entering.5.2 procedures and time limit controlTo implement the handover inspection system, on the procedures of unqualified shall enter into next working procedure construction. At the same time construction quality affected by seasons, the reasonable arrangement of construction schedule is to ensure the engineering quality are important measures, and blindly rush period will inevitably lead to serious consequences. Quality control step is to establish quality control,selected key and key technology to undertake the key is checked, the two is to strengthen the operation of the management, project quality is good or bad, depends to some extent on the construction of personnel operation level.5.3 increase on-site inspectionsQuality management in the construction site should strive to grasp first-hand information, and strive to achieve the timely control, for the occurrence of the problemmust accomplish early discovery, early correction of bad old practices die hard, avoid, avoid large loss. For example, in the masonry tie bar examination, if taken after the completion of a masonry opening examination, is not easy to check, and to identify the problems are also difficult to remedy, but in the on-site inspection in a timely manner to solve, can avoid bigger loss, but also easy to get the cooperation.The entity quality inspection methods should adopt scientific monitoring instruments and equipment, to provide accurate, reliable and convincing data, strengthen the government engineering quality supervision and inspection of scientific and authoritative. Through the supervision, to ensure the implementation of mandatory standards, ensure the construction of law, regulations and standard carry out, from macroscopical overall grasp the construction project quality and structure safety. In addition, in strengthening program management at the same time, we must strengthen the technical control. Technology control method using standard evaluation method is better. Evaluation of standard methods are mainly as follows: one is the on site quality assurance condition examination and evaluation, two is the completion of the project the detection results of the examination and evaluation, three ison site quality assurance data examination and evaluation, four of engineering entity size deviation of the measured, five is for the completion of engineering the macro visual inspection evaluation.5.4 after the completion of the managementAfter the completion of the quality management of construction projects is put into use check management. First of all to ensure that do not meet the quality standards of the project can not be put into use, avoid inferior project to the state and public users cause direct harm and influence. The second is the decoration, repair and maintenance of quality supervision in construction project whole life quality management category : one is to eliminate or reduce due to renovation, maintenance process caused by irregularities on the construction engineering foundation, body structure and environmental quality, damage, cause quality accident. Two is prevented due to repair, maintenance quality is not up to the requirements to the state and public users production and living environment caused by direct damage. At this stage of the supervision should be emphasized good two close: it is strictly for its completion and acceptance review, supervision, to ensure that the registration of the reliability, authority and effectiveness. Two is to enhance the decoration, maintenance of quality management in the process, so that construction project whole lifequality objectives are effective implementation, for users to create a safe, comfortable, healthy production, living environment, so that the construction quality and realizing the sustainable development. Advocating and implementing project quality insurance, the project quality management into economic management category, to solve engineering after the delivery ofquality problem tenants to find the responsible party for any menace from the "rear".This phase is the project by construction to use or production of mark; is on engineering quality inspection the necessary link; is the guarantee contract task is finished in the round, improve project quality level of final checks. The unit after the completion of the project, must undertake the final inspection and test. Unit engineering technical person in charge should be prepared for the demands of information collected materials, equipment, component quality certificate of materials, a variety of material test data, record of concealed work, construction records records. By the technical director of project organization project technology, quality, production and other relevant professional and technical personnel to the scene inspection and evaluation. To identify the construction quality defects should be corrected, and should be corrected once again after the verification to demonstrate conformity. T o ensure engineering quality accord with mandatory standard design documents and the requirements of the contract, the employer, the Ministry of supervision of the project completion report. Attended by the construction unit of the organization of the main parties involved in the completion of initial inspection, acceptance procedure.endingProject, quality, the quality of housing construction related to people's daily life and the safety of life and property. In recent years, the housing quality problems have already become the focus of public attention, annual 3.15 consumer rights day, China Consumers Association published by consumer complaints the largest of the ten major categories of commodities, the housing quality problems at the front. Therefore, constructionmanagement in many aspects, quality management is the key and core. Only do a good job in building engineering construction quality planning and housing construction quality control, to create more quality engineering.Reference.[1 ] Building Engineering ( Construction Management ) [ J]. Journal of Taizhou Polytechnic College.[2 ] Wang Yan. Paying attention to construction management" two pieces of skins" phenomenon [J ]. Management of construction enterprises.[3 ] Lin Yihong, Li Yuanying. To improve construction quality several ponders [J ]. Shanxi building, 2005, 31 ( 1): 127-128.[4 ] Bu Narui, Wang Liwen, Li Wanqin. Discussion on construction management [ J]. Journal of Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2002, ( 02).Hu Zhenghua[ 5]. The era of knowledge economy the construction management [J ]. Parathion design and powder engineering, 2005, ( 06).[ 6].Zheng Jingqiu.Infuluencing the contrcution qulity of Engineering five fsctors[J ]. Shanxi building.2005,31( 1):135-136.浅谈房屋建筑施工中的质量管理摘要：坚持质量第一、提高管理水平,是提高建筑工程质量关键之所在,只有在符合规定的质量标准和用户要求的前提下,满足质量、工期、成本等要求,才能为社会提供更多的优质、安全、经济适用的建筑产品。

中英文资料(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文资料外文翻译文献On civil engineering construction project quality management1 IntroductionCivil engineering building project success lies in the quality of quality, separate, other everything is out of the question. Therefore, to take civil engineering construction quality management in the construction project implementation plan and implementation process.In practice, no more than the use of engineering quality of care. But to ensure the construction quality, using the party there is a need for the organization experienced professional quality management team, design of the whole construction process, including engineering design, construction units, building material, construction process and supervision and other aspects of the management, but also guide the construction unit of the construction personnel to timely and effectively encourages training. This article from the above several aspects to discuss.2.construction of the effective surveillance on the use of unit, design unit as a design once, is the work of supervisors, why should I organize the quality surveillance team? Because our country construction there are still many unsatisfactory objective or objective aspects, the unit is necessary to hire have thesense of responsibility, have management experience, familiar with the policies and regulations, have good communication ability quality management, set up quality management team, the construction design and construction process for effective management monitoring. The management team, can according to the engineering build pause status stop adjustment, implementation of compulsory system. On ordinary civil construction, quality management is relatively easy, with the possible exception of new information on the use of new technology, the whole quality management more rule-based. On special request of civil building engineering, quality management will be arranged to stop.First of all, on the quality of project design management. This stage, mainly for the design units in strict accordance with the unit can the fundamental request stop design, to check whether reasonable design plan, design intent can and the surrounding geographical environment as well as local humane environment of harmony, in the technology and the budget is feasible, can be advanced technology, reliable structure can safely, whether the unit in charge of construction appropriate technology request etc..These aspects of the management and inspection, in relation to the whole building after project completion, in the use of function, quality, human physical performance and other aspects whether can reach certain degree of satisfaction of the big issue.At this stage, management personnel more to listen to designers to design the idea", a lot of advisory application unit in macroscopical and microcosmic staff views oninitiative, make design to perfection.In addition, to check the design drawings can correctly reflect the design plan, calculated correctly, drawing dimensioning can have mistakenly, selection of materials and construction request whether reasonable, the overall design of various departments such as can harmonious design. Because our country is in the design and supervision work still is lacked very much, in the aspects of management and examination must be careful, in order to prevent subsequent quality disputes.Secondly, to the construction supervision supervision.Construction supervision is the key to guarantee the construction quality. Quality management departments should promptly to supervision departments to key local construction quality monitoring report, implement supervision duty. At the same time, but also in a timely manner, sampling test, certain construction technology can fit design request. On construction supervision departments, to check its supervision can improve the supervision work procedure, to check whether supervision report specification, not in conformity with the requests of construction operation can be corrected in a timely manner.Again, on the construction equipment and construction personnel basic quality supervision and inspection construction can stop, with safe and reliable, can satisfy the design request and to complete construction; construction team consisting of whether reasonable, the construction of the technical staff to whether accord with basic request, especially on special request link, can have the equivalent level technical personnel in charge of participating in the construction process. Payattention to the quality of construction unit, it progresses to the legal view. On raw materials procurement and construction of test procedures are detailed records.In addition, to stop the construction effect of sampling, discover a problem, timely and inspect manage personnel contact, stop the rectification, to prevent the engineering dispute, avoid engineering quality formation of waste.3construction of the various communication quality management work is not a design and construction method for cubic, but the entire project important constituent, it is designed with all relevant units of the divergent interests of. Present quality problems, the parties involved have the duty, have loss. At this point, the quality management must communicate with relevant parties, won the understanding and support. In addition, in the process of construction, also often encounter the construction side of the design request of doubt problem. The generation of these problems, sometimes due to the use of units of detailed request, some are the result of the design concept and design thoughts of the reasons, some due to the construction process the request of different caused. These problems cannot be ignored, should be promptly to communicate, understand the request, the timely adjustment. Not conscious construction, so that the practical results and design request is betrayed, and the use of units of the basic request of betrayal, unnecessary disputes and losses.4construction personnel training and encourage civil engineering buildingoperators is worker of a gleam of. From the present situation, the construction team of individual technical quality is also very important. Some construction unit, construction personnel activity, the construction of personnel practice degree no true assessment, making the construction quality to sell at a discount greatly.Then, is it right? A start to construction personnel examination, request to high level? At least from the now situation, which is not ideal. First, each building project on the detailed construction technology has different request. In the organization of the construction process, request a certain proportion of with some degree of worker technician, another local can have initial operation skills of construction workers. During the construction process, to guide the construction of a reasonable distribution of work, make the workers work in practice to further mature some basic types of operational procedures and technical requirements, and on this basis, the organization staff to stop training, make the understanding of the new technology, become established during the construction of the backbone. Then let them in the work of a scheme to other construction personnel to impart technical.In this respect, the construction unit according to the detailed status of layout. There has been a reasonable training mechanism, the construction personnel to understand the practical operation level, and improve their technical level of power. In the long run, the overall quality of the progress of the construction unit is also very important.On the other hand, effective encouragement and improve construction workerjob enthusiasm and learning enthusiasm of the necessary measures. Frontline workers mostly from rural, energy consumption, the low pay, the mood is stable. Therefore, to establish effective encouraging mechanism. To ensure that the wage Qing month, labor safeguard measures, management of human nature, care workers and Ankang. In addition, to organize the workers involved in the construction management and technology research, fully adjustable open invention enthusiasm of workers. Technology progress leads to an increase in income, so as to promote the stable construction team, the construction quality is very important. It is hard to imagine that a majority of people full of grievances of the construction team can achieve the task.5ConclusionIt is often said, should be " a matter of expediency in construction, quality first", however, the quality problem is emerge in an endless stream. If in the construction process of some links, quality difference, these difference basically from accumulated will change the whole engineering quality. Therefore, do not let every link of the quality monitoring, on the problem of construction promptly corrected, is to use units, design units, as for as to construction unit as, namely to society as. With such a sense of duty, our engineering degree will gradually progress, can form the good work habits. Constitute the benign development of building construction environment. On the other hand, quality management can't think ofwhat to do what, to systematic, procedural, design the whole management process, all the data, project compilation record, best to establish a computer database, stored in the computer. Management of examination conclusions, text, image, and correcting the situation chart problem timely records. This is the construction quality management informatization is the inevitable trend of development. This is my civil engineering construction quality management shortcomings, to be further developed.译文：关于土木工程施工项目的质量管理1.引言土木工程建立项目的成败在于质量，分开质量，其他一切都无从谈起。

TotalQualityManagement外文翻译全面质量管理全面质量管理(TQM)是一种经营哲学，这种哲学与组织中基础雄厚、持续不断的质量改善有关。

就其全面而言，运营管理比质量有更多的改进空间。

TQM很难定义，它是一种应急的学科分支；专业人士对它各有见解。

作者尽力回顾本篇章中分支学科最普遍的方面。

在过去的半个世纪中，“质量”已经成为越来越普遍的明确的组织目标。

以下重点简要描述这些变化的历史顺序：●检验——剔除废品。

●质量控制——不间断的检验，但是包括以从根源上识别和去除差质量为目标的需求识别。

●统计学过程控制（SPC）——统计学在质量控制上的应用。

●质量保证——质量控制，但是包括（比如，有希望的）充分的生产过程分析和管理以保证满足需求顾客的质量要求。

相对于先前的直接控制涉及到的检查，质量保证有更多的检查基础。

●产品保证——质量保证，其认识到产品中质量解决方案的必要，并将这种质量解决方案的探索拓展到产品设计，而这正是大多数质量问题的根源。

●全面质量控制——产品保证，包括通过参与式管理得到的持续改进，同时，让直系组织和供应商成为质量绩效的最初负责人。

●全面质量管理——全面质量控制，包括针对所有操作和管理政策、工艺规程和实际操作的持续检查和评定，以此改善满足顾客需求的质量绩效。

●任何一个工作的工业工程师都可能不同意上述定义。

这些流行术语的定义的变化取决于谁在何时阅读哪一篇文章或哪一本书，然后取决于他相信其中所表达的话语或思想可能或应该指的是什么。

检查,质量控制,质量保证,产品保证以及一些取得产品保证的方法是占据主导地位的工程管理争议点。

1961年，A.V.Feigenbaum写了《全面质量控制》一书。

他的书在主要考虑统计上的质量控制的那一时期具有代表性。

然而，此书相比于之前的情况提出了更多质量控制方面的管理。

此书标题单独提出一个较宽的质量控制范围，超过传统上覆盖的纯技术性资料。

质量控制已经成为一项工程主题，最初作为工业工程学的教学大纲被传授，并由工程师来实践；它并不被认为是一个公司初级管理体制中的一个元素。

质量管理系统外文文献质量管理系统(QualityManagementSystem,QMS)是指组织为达到顾客要求和期望，采取一系列相互关联的方针、计划、实施、运行、监视、评价、持续改进和管理活动的体系。

其目的在于提高产品和服务的质量、增强顾客满意度、降低成本和风险，推动企业持续发展。

以下是一些有关质量管理系统的外文文献：1. ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems –Requirements该标准是质量管理系统最基本的标准，为组织提供了建立、实施、维护和持续改进质量管理系统的要求。

该标准是国际标准化组织(ISO) 发布的第五版。

该标准强调了对顾客满意度的重视，更加注重风险管理和持续改进。

2. Total Quality Management: A Cross Functional Perspective该文献介绍了全面质量管理 (Total Quality Management, TQM) 的概念和实践。

TQM 是一种以顾客为中心、全员参与、持续改进的管理理念，是构建质量管理系统的基础。

该文献强调了 TQM 的跨职能性，并提出了实现 TQM 的关键要素。

3. Quality Management System in Construction该文献从建筑行业的角度介绍了质量管理系统的实施。

建筑行业的质量管理系统应该包括制定质量计划、建立质量控制体系、实施过程控制、进行质量检验和评价以及开展持续改进等方面。

该文献指出了建筑行业质量管理系统实施的挑战和解决方案。

4. Quality Management System in Healthcare该文献介绍了卫生行业的质量管理系统实施。

卫生行业的质量管理系统应该包括医院管理和临床实践两个方面。

医院管理方面包括制定质量政策和目标、建立组织结构和职责、开展质量培训和沟通等；临床实践方面包括制定临床指南、使用标准的医疗设备和药品、进行临床质量评价等。

Total Quality Management全面质量管理介绍有史以来，全世界所有的人就在这个高度竞争的世界中奋斗。

工业界也是如此。

公司的主管一直加班加点的努力工作，为获得商业成就奋力寻求击败竞争对手的方法。

这些信息充分说明: 全球化的福音已经登上中心舞台。

竞争的的焦点已经从价格转变到价格和质量上。

现在，客户对产品质量、服务质量以及生活质量的要求越来越高。

他们已经变得越来越眼光敏锐并且开始寻找更加符合他们需求和自尊的选择（东西）。

事实上，他们愿意为优质的产品和服务支付额外的费用。

全面质量管理(TQM) 的经营管理理念可为上述的挑战提供解决办法。

TQM是一种持续改进商业活动中各个方面质量的一种方法, 也就是个体、群体和整个的组织的改良的持续程序。

它注重理论和方法的共同运用，尤其是高层管理承诺、连续改进、以客户为中心长远战略、员工参与和团队合作，员工授权、流程管理、竞争标杆超越, 等等。

TQM 运动的起始始于20 世纪早期，休哈特在20世纪20 年代早期，首先介绍了随机过程控制(SPC) 的观念用于检测大量生产制造的产品质量。

随后，许多质量管理方面的大师和专家提出了多种理论。

Crosby(1979),四项原则, Deming(1986) ，戴明管理十四条，Feigenbaum(1993) ，全面质量控制，Ishikawa(1985), 质量控制圈，Juran (1988),质量三部曲和Taguchi(1986) ，损失功能函数,已经成为TQM 的有效实施的技术和组织需求。

质量改进运动的演进是日本和美国不同哲学，教训，策略和方法的融合结果。

尽管日本人最初成功地应用这种在稍后由美国命名的TQM, 但确实美国人是这种方法国际化的背后推动力。

现代管理理论（更不用说质量管理理论）起源于制造环境，并以从20世纪早期（1911 年）泰勒引入科学管理理念以来的制造业健康发展为前兆走向繁荣与发展。

这种现象归因于以下事实，整个的工业世界正在以制造业为中心并经历一场变革，更多的专注于装配线，大量生产制造，与供应商伙伴关系，准时生产和单元制造等。

文献信息：文献标题：Assessment of Total Quality Management in Construction Industry（建筑业全面质量管理评估）国外作者：K Sathish Raja，Mubeena M文献出处：《Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)》, 2017,3(2):1850-1856字数统计：英文1895单词，10348字符；中文3094汉字外文文献：Assessment of Total Quality Managementin Construction IndustryAbstract Total Quality Management (TQM) procedure is a current gadget within the area of quality. Lately many corporations have resorted to the software of total high-quality control, that allows you to assessing the extent of fine and to improve it. To be competitive in today’s marketplace, it is critical for construction groups to offer extra constant pleasant and price to their owners/customers. Its cause is to provoke extra teamwork on the jobsite, and to provide higher exceptional paintings. The motive of this paper is to look at the TQM in the construction industry. The have a look at appears at the relationship between the life of TQM coverage and frequency of consumer complaints and participation of personnel in designing exceptional control schemes. A survey of 30 respondents, primarily based on literature review and investigative approach become carried out the use of questionnaires. SPSS statistical device is to be applied for statistics analysis. The issues identified from the records analysis are evaluated and controlled by way of the usage of simplex technique. Eventually, take a look at whether or not the objective of gaining customer pride with the aid of enhancing the best inside the area may be done or not.1.Introduction1.1.Objective of the StudyQMS places emphasis on prevention, not correction. The goal which works that is 100% free of errors, free of accidents, and 100% free of waste. The aim of the work is to do things right at the first time, eliminating waste and rework. To gain this, it's miles essential to awareness on “tactics.”A process is a task or a series of tasks. The main objective of this study is to create the quality awareness to the construction company especially small scale industries. Because all the literature and statistics shows that small scale construction industries not that much aware of QMS (Quality Management System). Whenever the Quality Management System is implemented we can easily minimize the wastage of material, cost overrun, wastage of time, etc., Specifically, the aims and objectives of this research project includes, investigate the adoption and implementation of QMS in the construction industry. Determine the major factors that are mostly affecting the quality of construction during the construction particularly in execution phase. To create the quality awareness to the low level construction organisations. To minimize the indirect cost of the project and also reduce the wastage of wastage of materials, time, money, manpower, etc.1.2.Need of the StudyIn different production industries are organising the tqm (general high-quality management) device however in construction enterprise we can not establish even qms (great control system).The cause at the back of is every construction undertaking is unique and satisfactory is ever converting factor i.e. exceptional exchange time to time, region to area.But many common activities in construction project like the concrete work, Block work, plastering, etc. In those common works are affected by some major factors like quality of material, quality of manpower, construction detailing, concrete work, etc. In this work it is very much helpful for find out the major factors and give result with cost of poor quality. Also for creating cost oriented quality awareness to low level construction companies.2.Quality2.1.Total Quality ManagementTotal quality management is the management technique of an corporation, which concentrates on quality based at the participation of its members and aims at long-term success through satisfaction and benefits to all members of the organization and society. It is the method by which management and employees can become involved in the continuous improvement of the production of goods and services. It's miles a mixture of exceptional and control equipment aimed at growing enterprise and decreasing loses because of wasteful practices.2.2.Factors affecting Quality of Construction2.2.1.Limitation of TimeSome construction works had to be completed within a time limit such as in cases of urgent works. They caned limitation of work planning and they also caused other management problem. Therefore, contractor had to carefully consider this issue. Delays are the major problems that face the construction industry it may cause many poor consequences inclusive of cost overruns, and is of high concern to those who are involved in the construction industry.2.2.2.Training PoliciesLooking into the overall training coverage, the iso 9001 registered businesses have more challenge at the education in their personnel than the nonregistered ones. They now not most effective pay for the route expenses, but also allow them to get hold of schooling in the course of operating hours. For non-registered companies, the organization may additionally reimburse the course prices however employees must attend education periods out of doors of working hours. Furthermore, regular education programmes on technical and pc know- how were normally supplied in lots of organizations. The maximum famous training programme organized by means of iso 9001 registered groups changed into first-rate knowledge.2.2.3.Limitation of WeatherWeather became certainly one of several essential barriers as it occasionally cannot be prevented inclusive of flooding, typhoon, and many others. Climate situation seriously affects all rigging operations. Industries such as marine,construction and others that involve out of doors production thoroughly need to bear in mind climate situations at the same time as planning and executing their operations. Weather situations affect the steadiness, design and overall performance of the shape. The construction enterprise wishes to make be aware of such conditions as most of its operation are performed inside the open and concern to all form of weather.ck of co-ordination among departmentsCoordination is very important for project successful. Because co-ordination between the departments is failed that may leads to wrong execution or may affect the sequence of work. For example consider the MEP (Mechanical Electrical Plumbing) department not properly co-ordinate with execution team, now execution team done the plastering work before plumbing works are not done due to lack of coordination. Here definitely rework required so automatically quality is misplaced.2.2.5.Limitation of Construction MethodologyConstruction works in some areas could not be performed by regular method because there were buildings around construction site, so the contractor had to find new methods that were suitable to construct and sometimes used specialist engineer when some construction works were in step of construction. Poor construction methods is responsible for the failure of the buildings and structure. It is caused due to negligence and inadequate quality control at work site.3.Poor Quality Of Construction WorkQuality is the biggest risk in construction. Poor quality will produce unreliable output. Also improper quality may result in building collapse and hence people may die. Actually it is directly related to the cost and length of time for a project. Errors on construction sites occur frequently and can be costly for the contractors and owners of constructed facilities. In fact, 6-15% of the construction cost is found to be wasted due to rework that occurs with improper quality management. Therefore, thorough inspection of construction sites is needed and that needs to be improved in identifying defects in industry.3.1.Impact of poor qualityPoor quality problems can occur at any stage of data warehousing either in the initial phase or at any other phase of data movement. It is not only the responsibility of users alone to check for the quality data. Behavour of the user who deals with the data is considered a significant factor that can increase the problem. typing mistakes , most common source of data inaccuracy.3.1.1.ManOne of the main factors that affect the quality in construction includes man . The lack of training, lack of motivation , shortage of people, unqualified personnel and the shortcuts taken up by the workman may reduce the quality of work.3.1.2.MaterialThe grading of the materials may vary the quality of work. The use of low grade material results in poor quality. Good standardisation of materials challenges the construction industry. If the specification of the material is poor then cases of rework and dissatisfaction may arrive.3.1.3.ManagementA great control allows in attaining organization goals. It arranges the elements of manufacturing, assembles and organizes the assets, integrates the sources in effective way to reap dreams. it directs institution efforts toward success of pre decided desires.A very good control will provide ok vision, task, fee machine, process knowledge and proper selection making.3.2.Methods to Improve QualityQuality improvement is an important aspect of quality management. There are various methods used for quality improvement, each with its own distinctive role in the implementation of the process as an entire. They're:3.2.1.Product ImprovementIt is one of the main method used in quality improvement. The idea behind this is that the more products are improved, the better they will sell. As time evolves, so do important aspects of customer satisfaction. Customers expect the necessary changes to be made and will keep making purchases from a particular company if improvements are thus made to products that enable them to be equipped with the latest features andelements that will help them continue to sell. Here, every aspect of the business is included and proper attention paid to the finest of details to ensure success.3.2.2.People based Improvement MethodsThis method includes everyone from managers down to the customers. Managers are there to guide employees. Products to those implemented to improve overall customer satisfaction. One of the improvement methods often used for utilizing various new processes is training. Both managers and their employees receive training on a regular basis to ensure the latest techniques are used in the development of products and implementation of services. Everyone must work together in order for it to be truly successful and for the organisation to thrive.4.Results and DiscussionIn this section the data are analyzed using the SPSS software and discussions were done based on the questionnaire survey. The objective of conducting the analysis is to do things right at the first time, eliminating waste and rework. To acquire this, it is important to focus on “processes” recognized from the literature review and ranking them in keeping with their have an effect on in construction challenge.The factors identified are:（1）Lack of importance of TQM awareness from governmental departments.（2）Some bad rumors inside and outside effect work.（3）Employees and middle managers express their dissatisfaction by delaying or neglecting to do something.（4）High employee absenteeism.（5）Lack of supplier involvement in improvement.5.ConclusionThe result of this thesis will reveal the principle factors which affect the construction high-quality and also boom in fee of production because of first-rate illness. This look at will create the first-class management consciousness to all degree production corporations particularly small scale businesses. From this thesis we getthe major elements and problems which affects the development excellent and that create a hazard for find out the remedial measure. This thesis is useful for minimizing the material wastage, workmanship wastage, time wastage and indirect value and increases the patron pleasure and employer recognition.The changing way of life and policy of schooling plan, information acquisition method and distribution of duties are the key factors to the achievement of tqm implementation in creation corporations. It is was hoping that this take a look at has delivered colossal contributions to highlight the shortages and weak spot within the control practices in creation industry.中文译文：建筑业全面质量管理评估摘要全面质量管理（TQM）程序是目前质量领域内的一个小工具。

全面品质管理TQM外文文献翻译2023年译文3158字全面品质管理(Total Quality Management, TQM)外文文献翻译摘要：全面品质管理(TQM)是一种管理方法，旨在通过关注全员参与、持续改进和顾客满意度来提高组织的绩效。

本文翻译了一篇关于TQM的外文文献，内容涵盖了TQM的基本原则、实施步骤和效果评估。

正文：1. 简介全面品质管理(TQM)是一种管理哲学和方法，强调质量是组织的核心价值。

它的目标是通过建立质量意识和全员参与，不断改进产品和服务，以满足顾客的需求和期望。

2. TQM的基本原则TQM的基本原则包括顾客导向、全员参与、持续改进和数据驱动决策。

顾客导向意味着将顾客需求置于首要位置，并为顾客提供满意的产品和服务。

全员参与强调每个人在质量管理中的重要性，每个员工都应该具备质量意识，并积极参与改进活动。

持续改进是TQM的核心概念，组织应该不断寻求提高产品和过程的质量，并持续衡量和评估改进的效果。

数据驱动决策是基于数据和事实进行决策，而不是主观的意见和猜测。

3. TQM的实施步骤TQM的实施步骤包括确定组织的质量目标、建立质量团队、制定质量计划、培训员工、实施改进措施和监控评估。

确定质量目标是为了明确组织的质量愿景和目标，并将其与组织的战略和目标相对应。

建立质量团队是为了确保全员参与，组织应该组建一个跨部门的团队来负责TQM的实施。

制定质量计划是为了规划实施TQM的具体步骤和活动，包括质量目标、质量指标和改进计划。

培训员工是为了提高员工的质量意识和技能，组织应该提供相关的培训和教育机会。

实施改进措施是指根据质量计划，采取具体的行动来改进产品和过程的质量。

监控评估是为了了解改进措施的效果，组织应该建立质量评估和监控机制。

4. TQM的效果评估TQM的效果评估可以通过多种指标和方法进行。

一种常用的评估方法是通过顾客满意度调查来衡量TQM的效果。

组织还可以使用质量指标和数据分析来评估产品和过程的质量改进情况。

建筑施工安全管理外文翻译参考文献1. Chen, J., & Skibniewski, M. J. (2017). Construction project safety management in China: A 2004–2014 research review. Safety Science, 93, 96-105.2. Yang, Y., Leung, Y. T., Chan, A. P., & Lu, W. (2018). Research trends and topics in construction safety management literature: A bibliometric analysis. Safety Science, 103, 255-264.3. Abdou, D. E. S., & Hassanein, M. K. (2019). Assessment of construction safety management factors affecting safety performance in Egypt. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 58(2), 767-777.4. Ling, F. Y., Chong, H. Y., Lan, Y., & Lu, W. (2020). A reviewof safety climate research from 2012 to 2018: Bibliometric analysis considering the construction industry's perspective. Safety Science, 125, .5. Zhang, Q., Jia, R., Zuo, J., & Hu, Y. (2019). Exploring the effects of construction workers’ safety behavior and safety climate onsafety performance: A multilevel analysis approach. Safety Science, 118, 502-512.6. Alazemi, K., & Kartam, N. (2014). Assessing safety performance index for construction projects in Kuwait. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 140(1), .7. Ardeshir, A., & Mohammadfam, I. (2015). Safety climate improvement framework for construction industry. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 22(1), 47-58.9. Lingard, H., & Rowlinson, S. (2015). Occupational health and safety in construction project management. Routledge.10. Sumner, N. (2019). Construction project management: An integrated approach. Routledge.11. Chikumba, T. (2017). Construction health and safety management systems in developing countries: The case of Zimbabwe. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 23(2), 163-175.12. Hadipriono, F. C., & Stamatis, D. H. (2016). Construction safety management. John Wiley & Sons.以上是一些关于建筑施工安全管理的外文翻译参考文献，涵盖了安全管理研究、安全氛围、安全绩效等方面的内容，有助于进一步了解该领域的研究动态和相关理论。

建筑质量控制外文翻译文献
建筑质量控制是确保建筑项目质量符合预期标准的重要过程。

本文献介绍了建筑质量控制的关键概念和方法，并探讨了建筑质量
控制的重要性和影响因素。

文献首先介绍了建筑质量控制的定义和目标。

建筑质量控制是
一种系统性的方法，旨在确保建筑项目在设计、施工和运营阶段都
达到预期的质量要求。

其目标是最大程度地减少质量问题和缺陷，
确保建筑物的安全性、可靠性和耐久性。

文献进一步介绍了建筑质量控制的关键概念和方法。

其中包括
质量计划的编制与执行、质量检查与测试、质量记录的保留与管理，以及质量问题的纠正与持续改进。

这些方法的有效实施可以帮助识
别和解决潜在的质量问题，提高建筑项目的质量水平。

此外，文献还讨论了建筑质量控制的重要性和影响因素。

建筑
质量控制的不足可能导致建筑物的安全隐患、质量缺陷和维修成本
的增加。

因此，建筑企业应高度重视质量控制，并积极采取措施改
进质量控制体系。

影响建筑质量控制的因素包括设计和施工过程的合理性、人员素质和技术水平、以及监督和管理的有效性等。

综上所述，建筑质量控制是确保建筑项目质量达到预期标准的关键过程。

通过有效的质量计划、检查与测试、记录保留与管理，以及问题纠正与改进，建筑企业可以提高质量控制水平，并降低质量风险。

然而，要实现良好的建筑质量控制，必须综合考虑设计、施工、人员和管理等多个因素。

参考文献:
1. 文献1
2. 文献2
3. 文献3。

文献信息：文献标题：Assessment of Total Quality Management in Construction Industry（建筑业全面质量管理评估）国外作者：K Sathish Raja，Mubeena M文献出处：《Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)》, 2017,3(2):1850-1856字数统计：英文1895单词，10348字符；中文3094汉字外文文献：Assessment of Total Quality Managementin Construction IndustryAbstract Total Quality Management (TQM) procedure is a current gadget within the area of quality. Lately many corporations have resorted to the software of total high-quality control, that allows you to assessing the extent of fine and to improve it. To be competitive in today’s marketplace, it is critical for construction groups to offer extra constant pleasant and price to their owners/customers. Its cause is to provoke extra teamwork on the jobsite, and to provide higher exceptional paintings. The motive of this paper is to look at the TQM in the construction industry. The have a look at appears at the relationship between the life of TQM coverage and frequency of consumer complaints and participation of personnel in designing exceptional control schemes. A survey of 30 respondents, primarily based on literature review and investigative approach become carried out the use of questionnaires. SPSS statistical device is to be applied for statistics analysis. The issues identified from the records analysis are evaluated and controlled by way of the usage of simplex technique. Eventually, take a look at whether or not the objective of gaining customer pride with the aid of enhancing the best inside the area may be done or not.1.Introduction1.1.Objective of the StudyQMS places emphasis on prevention, not correction. The goal which works that is 100% free of errors, free of accidents, and 100% free of waste. The aim of the work is to do things right at the first time, eliminating waste and rework. To gain this, it's miles essential to awareness on “tactics.”A process is a task or a series of tasks. The main objective of this study is to create the quality awareness to the construction company especially small scale industries. Because all the literature and statistics shows that small scale construction industries not that much aware of QMS (Quality Management System). Whenever the Quality Management System is implemented we can easily minimize the wastage of material, cost overrun, wastage of time, etc., Specifically, the aims and objectives of this research project includes, investigate the adoption and implementation of QMS in the construction industry. Determine the major factors that are mostly affecting the quality of construction during the construction particularly in execution phase. To create the quality awareness to the low level construction organisations. To minimize the indirect cost of the project and also reduce the wastage of wastage of materials, time, money, manpower, etc.1.2.Need of the StudyIn different production industries are organising the tqm (general high-quality management) device however in construction enterprise we can not establish even qms (great control system).The cause at the back of is every construction undertaking is unique and satisfactory is ever converting factor i.e. exceptional exchange time to time, region to area.But many common activities in construction project like the concrete work, Block work, plastering, etc. In those common works are affected by some major factors like quality of material, quality of manpower, construction detailing, concrete work, etc. In this work it is very much helpful for find out the major factors and give result with cost of poor quality. Also for creating cost oriented quality awareness to low level construction companies.2.Quality2.1.Total Quality ManagementTotal quality management is the management technique of an corporation, which concentrates on quality based at the participation of its members and aims at long-term success through satisfaction and benefits to all members of the organization and society. It is the method by which management and employees can become involved in the continuous improvement of the production of goods and services. It's miles a mixture of exceptional and control equipment aimed at growing enterprise and decreasing loses because of wasteful practices.2.2.Factors affecting Quality of Construction2.2.1.Limitation of TimeSome construction works had to be completed within a time limit such as in cases of urgent works. They caned limitation of work planning and they also caused other management problem. Therefore, contractor had to carefully consider this issue. Delays are the major problems that face the construction industry it may cause many poor consequences inclusive of cost overruns, and is of high concern to those who are involved in the construction industry.2.2.2.Training PoliciesLooking into the overall training coverage, the iso 9001 registered businesses have more challenge at the education in their personnel than the nonregistered ones. They now not most effective pay for the route expenses, but also allow them to get hold of schooling in the course of operating hours. For non-registered companies, the organization may additionally reimburse the course prices however employees must attend education periods out of doors of working hours. Furthermore, regular education programmes on technical and pc know- how were normally supplied in lots of organizations. The maximum famous training programme organized by means of iso 9001 registered groups changed into first-rate knowledge.2.2.3.Limitation of WeatherWeather became certainly one of several essential barriers as it occasionally cannot be prevented inclusive of flooding, typhoon, and many others. Climate situation seriously affects all rigging operations. Industries such as marine,construction and others that involve out of doors production thoroughly need to bear in mind climate situations at the same time as planning and executing their operations. Weather situations affect the steadiness, design and overall performance of the shape. The construction enterprise wishes to make be aware of such conditions as most of its operation are performed inside the open and concern to all form of weather.ck of co-ordination among departmentsCoordination is very important for project successful. Because co-ordination between the departments is failed that may leads to wrong execution or may affect the sequence of work. For example consider the MEP (Mechanical Electrical Plumbing) department not properly co-ordinate with execution team, now execution team done the plastering work before plumbing works are not done due to lack of coordination. Here definitely rework required so automatically quality is misplaced.2.2.5.Limitation of Construction MethodologyConstruction works in some areas could not be performed by regular method because there were buildings around construction site, so the contractor had to find new methods that were suitable to construct and sometimes used specialist engineer when some construction works were in step of construction. Poor construction methods is responsible for the failure of the buildings and structure. It is caused due to negligence and inadequate quality control at work site.3.Poor Quality Of Construction WorkQuality is the biggest risk in construction. Poor quality will produce unreliable output. Also improper quality may result in building collapse and hence people may die. Actually it is directly related to the cost and length of time for a project. Errors on construction sites occur frequently and can be costly for the contractors and owners of constructed facilities. In fact, 6-15% of the construction cost is found to be wasted due to rework that occurs with improper quality management. Therefore, thorough inspection of construction sites is needed and that needs to be improved in identifying defects in industry.3.1.Impact of poor qualityPoor quality problems can occur at any stage of data warehousing either in the initial phase or at any other phase of data movement. It is not only the responsibility of users alone to check for the quality data. Behavour of the user who deals with the data is considered a significant factor that can increase the problem. typing mistakes , most common source of data inaccuracy.3.1.1.ManOne of the main factors that affect the quality in construction includes man . The lack of training, lack of motivation , shortage of people, unqualified personnel and the shortcuts taken up by the workman may reduce the quality of work.3.1.2.MaterialThe grading of the materials may vary the quality of work. The use of low grade material results in poor quality. Good standardisation of materials challenges the construction industry. If the specification of the material is poor then cases of rework and dissatisfaction may arrive.3.1.3.ManagementA great control allows in attaining organization goals. It arranges the elements of manufacturing, assembles and organizes the assets, integrates the sources in effective way to reap dreams. it directs institution efforts toward success of pre decided desires.A very good control will provide ok vision, task, fee machine, process knowledge and proper selection making.3.2.Methods to Improve QualityQuality improvement is an important aspect of quality management. There are various methods used for quality improvement, each with its own distinctive role in the implementation of the process as an entire. They're:3.2.1.Product ImprovementIt is one of the main method used in quality improvement. The idea behind this is that the more products are improved, the better they will sell. As time evolves, so do important aspects of customer satisfaction. Customers expect the necessary changes to be made and will keep making purchases from a particular company if improvements are thus made to products that enable them to be equipped with the latest features andelements that will help them continue to sell. Here, every aspect of the business is included and proper attention paid to the finest of details to ensure success.3.2.2.People based Improvement MethodsThis method includes everyone from managers down to the customers. Managers are there to guide employees. Products to those implemented to improve overall customer satisfaction. One of the improvement methods often used for utilizing various new processes is training. Both managers and their employees receive training on a regular basis to ensure the latest techniques are used in the development of products and implementation of services. Everyone must work together in order for it to be truly successful and for the organisation to thrive.4.Results and DiscussionIn this section the data are analyzed using the SPSS software and discussions were done based on the questionnaire survey. The objective of conducting the analysis is to do things right at the first time, eliminating waste and rework. To acquire this, it is important to focus on “processes” recognized from the literature review and ranking them in keeping with their have an effect on in construction challenge.The factors identified are:（1）Lack of importance of TQM awareness from governmental departments.（2）Some bad rumors inside and outside effect work.（3）Employees and middle managers express their dissatisfaction by delaying or neglecting to do something.（4）High employee absenteeism.（5）Lack of supplier involvement in improvement.5.ConclusionThe result of this thesis will reveal the principle factors which affect the construction high-quality and also boom in fee of production because of first-rate illness. This look at will create the first-class management consciousness to all degree production corporations particularly small scale businesses. From this thesis we getthe major elements and problems which affects the development excellent and that create a hazard for find out the remedial measure. This thesis is useful for minimizing the material wastage, workmanship wastage, time wastage and indirect value and increases the patron pleasure and employer recognition.The changing way of life and policy of schooling plan, information acquisition method and distribution of duties are the key factors to the achievement of tqm implementation in creation corporations. It is was hoping that this take a look at has delivered colossal contributions to highlight the shortages and weak spot within the control practices in creation industry.中文译文：建筑业全面质量管理评估摘要全面质量管理（TQM）程序是目前质量领域内的一个小工具。

建筑工程质量管理摘要：现代工程项目管理已纳入质量管理原则和其活动的倡议。

现代质量管理系统如 ISO 9000 系列标准的要求不断监测的建设进程.此演示文稿将尝试整合到一个真正的、大的和复杂的建设项目,发生了由知名工程承建商在希腊雅典的关键质量管理工具。

详细的分析提供了成本和时间的截止日期问题的改进的机会。

关键领域进行了研究由 WBS 和功能单元分析重点放在主要的活动。

主要由的集思广益会议、鱼骨图和 Pareto 分析组合取得了解决问题的能力。

预测程序，前期的策划和管理人员编制已完成提高未来项目的建议。

简介它是常见的一个建设项目，遇到延迟.有几个原因，可以促进对延迟一个项目。

一个项目延迟作出贡献的各种原因分析是解决它的重要任务.以科学的方式，确定影响、计时以及派遣影响的每个这些总体延迟的原因应协助帮助双方解决诉讼没有延迟。

此论文的目的是双重的.一个是定义和分析导致延误项目中的主要因素。

另一种是以分析施工进度延迟考虑的众多因素,以找出的可能途径消除这些因素，造成这些延误。

拖延和索赔拖延是在建筑行业的最常见现象之一。

在过去三十年期间在大多数类型的项目中，出现了延误，从简单的建筑到最复杂的项目，如核发电厂项目或隧道工程。

关于建筑工程项目和从中产生这种延误索赔延误是现代施工过程的一个组成部分。

压倒性所用的时间、能源和成本专门讨论拖延索赔不会开始当最初提交索赔时处于或接近完成的一份工作，而是，施工延误索赔过程就开始了在项目开始。

延误索赔经常发生时的实际完成日期和合同完成日期之间的差异存在。

延迟的时间是信息的基本确定的延迟原因所需。

但是，很难分析延误索赔，许多因素，导致这种延迟，从而使它一个非常复杂的问题。

这种因素之一是生产力的生产力损失或损失.建设项目的过程中很多情况下可能会导致拖延。

一般由客户端所有者（应予赔偿延误）；也许造成的延误承建商（非可原谅的延误) ；或神的行为或第三方 (可原谅的延误)。

他们可能会出现早或晚在工作时，单独或与其他拖延。