真题-英语翻译基础

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．Sigmund Freud has been out of the scientific mainstream for so long, it’s easy to forget that in the early 20th century he was regarded as a towering man of science—not, as he is remembered today, as the founder of the marginalized form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. At the start of his career, he wanted to invent a “science of the mind” , but the Victorian tools he had were too blunt for the task. So he dropped the “science”part and had his patients lie on a couch, free-associating about childhood, dreams and fantasies. This technique yielded the revolutionary notion that the human mind was a soap opera of concealed lust and aggression, of dark motives, self-deception and dreams rife with hidden meaning.正确答案：西格蒙德.弗洛伊德脱离主流科学的时间已经太久了，所以我们很容易忘记，在20世纪初，人们曾把他奉为科学界的翘楚——而不像如今，大家只记得他创立的渐受冷落的心理分析疗法。

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编52(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：2.To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required.A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don"t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind , you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge , but in theology there is only opinion. So whenever you find yours getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants. From How to Avoid Foolish Opinions by Bertrand Russell（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：要避免人们常常所持的各种愚蠢的观点，并不需要过人的天赋。

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷24(总分100,考试时间60分钟)翻译题1. 1.在写文章中我可是有个志愿——希望能写出一本好的剧本来。

虽然我是没有什么远大志愿的人，这个志愿——写个好剧本——可的确不算很小。

要达到这个志愿，我须：第一，去读很多很多的书——顶好是能上外国去读几年书。

第二，我须有戏必看，去“养”我的眼睛。

第三，我想我应当到什么剧团中作二年职员，天天和导演、演员、与其他的专门的技术人员有亲密的接触。

第四，或者我还应当学学演戏，常扮个什么不重要的角色。

把上述四项都做到，我还不知道我是否有写剧的天才。

假若没有，我的工夫虽然下到了，可还是难以如愿。

这个志愿真的不算小!2. 2.我们参观博物馆时，常会看到各种古代铜镜——古代人用来整容的家庭日用品。

这些铜镜大多是从古墓中出土的、也有少数是传世之物。

早在公元前11世纪，先民已经使用铜镜了。

战国时期，铜镜在民间盛行。

镜的正面磨光发亮，背面饰单层或双层花纹，常见的有兽面纹、花叶纹、龙凤纹等。

西汉时期，铜镜较厚重，纹饰多几何图案、神人和禽兽纹等。

并有铸刻铭文，每句仅三至四字，例如：“长相思”、“毋相忘”、“常富贵”、“乐未央”等。

内容多是通俗的吉祥语。

宋、元时期出现了圆镜、长方镜、八棱镜和带柄手镜等。

清代以后，逐渐被玻璃镜所代替。

3. 3.我国人口老龄化对经济增长的潜在影响理论研究认为，老龄化会减少劳动力供给，降低社会储蓄率，导致产出和资本形成能力下降，最终影响经济增长。

同时，发达国家的实际表明，随着人口老龄化，养老费用及人均医疗费用均会大幅上升，加重政府财政负担。

与发达国家“富老同步”或者“先富后老”相比，我国人均收入水平仍然较低，属于明显的“未富先老”，对经济增长的影响日益明显。

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷19(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．The manufacture of plastics requires a large quantity of heavy machines as well as knowledge of science. Today the greater part of plastics is manufactured by the world’s great oil refineries and chemical works. Chemical works are factories which produce chemicals—a manmade liquids, gases and solid materials. The refineries and chemical works produce many different kinds of raw plastics, which are then taken to the tens of thousands of factories which made plastic products. Machines for making plastic objects are very different from those used for manufacturing articles of wood or metal or other natural materials. For raw plastics must first be softened by heat and then pressed into moulds. It is the moulds which give plastic objects their shapes. These moulds can be of any shape or size. And the same mould can be used over and over again. In fact one mould can produce many thousands of articles before it wears out. This is one of the reasons why plastic things are so cheap.正确答案：生产塑料需要大量的有关重机器以及科学方面的知识。

《357英语翻译基础》考研真题详解357 English Translation Basics: In-Depth Analysis of Postgraduate Entrance Exam QuestionsIntroductionThe field of English translation has gained significant importance in recent years, with many individuals opting to pursue it as a career. In this article, we will delve into the detailed analysis of the English translation basics, focusing specifically on the 357 English Translation Basics exam questions for postgraduate entrance exams. This examination is widely regarded as a benchmark for evaluating the translation skills of aspiring translators. Let us now explore the various aspects of this exam and gain valuable insights into the world of English translation.Part 1: Multiple Choice QuestionsThe 357 English Translation Basics exam includes a section of multiple-choice questions. These questions range from vocabulary and sentence structure to contextual understanding and idiomatic expressions. Each question requires candidates to choose the most appropriate translation or interpretation among the given options. This section aims to assess the candidates' comprehension abilities and their knowledge of the fundamental principles of English translation.Part 2: Sentence TransformationThe second part of the exam tests candidates' skills in sentence transformation. Here, candidates are presented with sentences in English andare required to translate them into Chinese accurately. This section evaluates candidates' ability to transform sentences while retaining the original meaning and effectively conveying it in the target language.Part 3: Passage TranslationPassage translation is a crucial aspect of the 357 English Translation Basics exam. Candidates are tasked with translating a given English passage into Chinese. The chosen passages cover a wide range of topics, such as literature, politics, science, and humanities, allowing candidates to showcase their proficiency in different subject areas. This section demands not only strong linguistic skills but also the ability to comprehend and interpret complex ideas accurately.Part 4: Essay TranslationThe essay translation section is designed to test candidates' ability to translate essays from Chinese into English. This part requires a comprehensive understanding of both languages and the ability to convey the intended meaning in a coherent and natural manner. Candidates are judged on their skill in accurately translating concepts, maintaining the appropriate style, and capturing the essence of the original text.Part 5: Cultural KnowledgeApart from translation skills, the 357 English Translation Basics exam also incorporates questions related to cultural knowledge. Candidates are expected to demonstrate an understanding of cultural differences, including idioms, expressions, and social customs specific to English-speakingcountries. This component emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity in producing accurate translations.ConclusionThe 357 English Translation Basics exam serves as a significant evaluation tool for individuals aspiring to pursue a career in English translation. Through its comprehensive coverage of various translation aspects, including multiple-choice questions, sentence transformation, passage translation, essay translation, and cultural knowledge, this exam rigorously assesses candidates' linguistic abilities, cultural understanding, and translation competence. By successfully preparing for and excelling in this exam, aspiring translators can strengthen their skills and enhance their prospects in the field.。

2018年国际关系学院英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．benign circles正确答案：良性循环2．mass entrepreneurships正确答案：大众创业3．brain drain正确答案：人才流失4．long Johns正确答案：秋裤5．autonomous vehicles正确答案：自动驾驶汽车6．regional hotspots正确答案：地区热点问题7．master plan正确答案：总体规划8．code of conduct正确答案：行为准则9．Global Carbon Project正确答案：全球碳计划10．Internet-connected security camera正确答案：联网安全摄像头11．IPO正确答案：首次公开募股(Initial Public Offering)12．ICA正确答案：国际合作社联盟(International Cooperative Alliance) 13．CTO正确答案：首席技术官(Chief Technology Officer)14．CAS正确答案：中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Sciences)15．ISO正确答案：国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization) 汉译英16．“一带一路”倡议正确答案：the Belt and Road Initiatives17．温室气体排放正确答案：emissions of greenhouse gases18．内陆和边疆省份正确答案：inland and frontier provinces19．中央书记处正确答案：the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee20．区域一体化正确答案：regional integration21．剩女正确答案：leftover women22．逆全球化正确答案：anti-globalization23．虚假招聘正确答案：false recruitment24．商业养老保险正确答案：commercial pension insurance 25．户口所在地正确答案：household registration location 26．体育强国正确答案：sports power27．双一流正确答案：double first-class28．党章正确答案：Party Constitution29．巴黎协定正确答案：the Paris Agreement/the Paris Accord 30．经济复苏正确答案：economic revival英汉互译英译汉31．Asset management in China is a relatively young industry that is on track for an extended period of strong growth, due to the country’s ageing population and the rising wealth of the expanding middle class. As a result, China’s investment industry will see its assets under management grow to around $ 17tn by 2030 from around $2. 8tn at the end of last year. Around half ($8. 5tn) of the net new inflows attracted by investment managers globally by 2030 will go to Chinese companies, helping the country to become the world’s second-largest asset management market behind the US. Wealthy Chinese business owners along with retail investors would account for half of the expected asset growth by 2030. Pension assets are projected to grow by around 10 per cent a year, helped by the expansion of workplace retirement savings schemes. Insurance companies will also outsource more business to third-party asset managers to help boost returns, but new funding for China’s two sovereign wealth funds is expected to be limited, leaving their future growth dependent on asset allocation decisions and market movements. Foreign managers, however, will face significant challenges in winning new business in China. Foreign managers are expected to capture just 6 per cent of the Chinese market, given the distinct home-country bias that exists among mainland investors and the strong relationships between local investment managers and product distributors. But further measures to liberate China’s capital markets could benefit foreign managers, who will retain an advantage in international asset markets. Allocations to non-Chinese asset classes are expected to grow to around 17 per cent by 2030 for Chinese institutional investors.正确答案：资产管理在中国是一个相对年轻的行业，但是鉴于中国人口老龄化和不断壮大的中产阶层财富日益增加，该行业正处于长期强劲增长的轨道。

The city and by extension the GBA also offers a massive potential market, and of course we cannot forget the special role Hong Kong plays with regard to its competitive tax regime, longstanding international
-economy model adopted by the likes of
Airbnb and Uber. The company, UrbanChain Group Limited, hopes to ease the search for a parking spot and

enable space owners to rent them out when not in use.
Why Hong Kong?
Hong Kong and its hinterland in Shenzhen and Guangdong province to launch Parkingbnb for a number of key reasons.
ng and Shenzhen offer an existing innovation and technology ecosystem, which is relatively easy to tap into thanks to the commitment of government to provide the support and backing that a start-up needs
and other parameters.

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷18(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．Man is the creature of interest and ambition. His nature leads him forth into the struggle and bustle of the world. Love is but the embellishment of his early life, or a song piped in the intervals of the acts. He seeks for fame, for fortune for space in the world’s thought, and dominion over his fellowmen. But a woman’s whole life is a history of the affections. The heart is her world; it is there her ambition strives for empire—it is there her avarice seeks for hidden treasures. She sends forth her sympathies on adventure; she embarks her whole soul in the traffic of affection; and if shipwrecked, her case is hopeless—for it is a bankruptcy of the heart. To a man, the disappointment of love may occasion some bitter pangs; it wounds some feelings of tenderness—it blasts some prospects of felicity; but he is an active being—he may dissipate his thoughts in the whirl of varied occupation, or may plunge into the tide of pleasure; or, if the scene of disappointment be too full of painful associations, he can shift his abode at will, and taking, as it were, the wings of the morning, can “fly to the uttermost parts of the earth, and be at rest.”正确答案：男人自私自利且野心勃勃。

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷28(总分100,考试时间60分钟)翻译题1. 1.The peaceful reunification of the motherland will be a great achievement to go down in history. Tai-wan is bound to be reunited eventually with the motherland. An early settlement of the problem will be in the interests of all. **patriots in Taiwan will be able to live in peace and happiness, the people of all nationalities on both sides of the Taiwan straits will be relieved of the pains of separation from their flesh and blood, and our senior folks in Taiwan and those who formerly migrated there from the mainland will all be properly placed and provided for. And, moreover, it will contribute to the stability of Asia and the Pacific region as well as to world peace. You used to seek self-encouragement from the motto, "The interests to be considered should be the interests of all; the fame to be sought should be an everlasting fame." If you should be instrumental in bringing about the cause of national reunification, you will certainly win esteem and praise nationwide and your meritorious service to the country will earn you a niche in the temple of fame. It is sheer absurdity to think yourself "guilty" for rendering such a service. After all, dragging out your existence in that tight eastern corner is by no means a permanent solution. This should be crystal clear to a man of your wisdom. Procrastination, hesitation or sleeping over the problem will only lead to adversity and you, my brother, will hardly be able to escape censure. Moreover, peaceful reunification is entirely an internal affair of China. As is known to all, outsiders who are talking glibly against it have designs on our Taiwan. When a prompt decision should be taken, to be irresolute would only spell disaster. I, therefore, would like you to think this over carefully.From Liao Chengzhi's letter to Jiang Jingguo2. 2.沙博理给自己取了中文名字“沙博理”，意思是“博学明理”。

2013年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．ABS正确答案：美国船舶局(American Bureau of Shipping)2．UNESCO正确答案：联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization)3．COD正确答案：货到付款(Cash On Delivery)4．GMS正确答案：大湄公河次区域(Greater Mekong Sub—region)5．V AT正确答案：附加税(Value Added Tax)6．CPI正确答案：居民价格消费指数(Consumer Price Index)7．OTC正确答案：非处方药(Over—The—Counter)8．FIT正确答案：自由国际贸易(Free International Trade)9．B2B正确答案：企业到企业的电子商务模式(Business to Business) 10．go for wool and come back shorn正确答案：弄巧成拙；偷鸡不成蚀把米11．by hook or brook正确答案：不择手段12．palmtop computer正确答案：掌上型计算机13．real estate正确答案：不动产；房地产14．National City Bank of New York正确答案：花旗银行15．a herculean task正确答案：艰巨的任务汉译英16．《孟子》正确答案：Mencius17．团购正确答案：group purchase18．贴吧正确答案：bulletin board19．《生死疲劳》(莫言作品)正确答案：Fatigue of Life and Death(the work of Mo Yan)20．种子选手正确答案：seeded player21．肇事逃逸正确答案：hit-and-run22．中国海监正确答案：China Maritime Surveillance23．虚拟经济正确答案：virtual economy24．弹性退休正确答案：flexible retirement25．徇私枉法正确答案：bend the law for selfish ends26．桃色腐败正确答案：sex-related corruption27．上海合作组织正确答案：Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)28．新农合医保体系正确答案：New Rural Cooperative Medical Care System(NRCMS) 29．国家公务员考试正确答案：the State Civil Service Examination30．中国生物多样性保护行动计划正确答案：China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan英汉互译英译汉31．Translation Studies as a discipline is in many ways still in a state of flux. Translation can be seen as a point of intersection between many different academic subjects; it is an area in which many other disciplines have legitimately expressed an interest, and conversely one which has provided its own experts with insights which can profitably be shared elsewhere. There is for example a considerable exchange of knowledge, insights and methodologies between Translation Studies and fields as diverse as literary studies , philosophy, anthropology and linguistics; indeed, such is the level of intellectual cross-fertilization that some writers have suggested that the field should be known as an inter discipline. Similarly, there are a number of equally legitimate reasons which scholars have had for pursuing an interest in Translation Studies. For example, some are motivated by highly practical concerns, such as the need to provide future translators or interpreters with training which is of the highest possible quality, the desire to raise the professional profile of translators and interpreters, or the wish to develop increasingly powerful machine translation systems; others, on the other hand, simply seek to provide ever more accurate and comprehensive explanations for certain phenomena in the world about us, without being primarily concerned with the possible practical applications which may accrue. Thus goals and objectives can vary considerably within the discipline. Of course, Translation Studies has been enriched by possessing such a multi-faceted nature. However, at the same time this very nature has meant that there is still considerable lack of agreement on concepts; added to diis is the fact that Translation Studies is a relatively new discipline which is in many ways still “finding its feet. “ The result of such a situation has often been that different branches of the discipline have at times experimented with widely differing methodologies.(From Dictionary of Translation Studies by Mark Shuttle worth & Moina Cowie. 2004. pp. v - vi)正确答案：翻译研究作为一门学科，在许多方面仍处于不断地发展之中。

英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编12(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.霸王条款（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：inequality clause）解析：2.暗箱操作（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：black case work）解析：3.爱心工程（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：loving Care Project）解析：4.国家科技进步奖（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology）解析：5.在职博士生（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：on-job doctorate）解析：6.大病统筹（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：comprehensive arrangement for serious disease）解析：7.论资排辈（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：by way of seniority）解析：8.亚太新兴市场国家快速发展，直接改变了许多国家和地区的落后面貌，改善了亿万人民生活，为缩小发展差距、减少贫困人口、实现联合国千年发展目标做出重要贡献。

亚太新兴市场国家积极参与国际经贸合作，供应大量能源和原材料，为其他国家发展提供了充足资源；出口物美价廉的工业制成品，为各国提供了丰富多样的商品；进口大量商品和服务，为世界经济增长提供了市场和动力；吸纳巨额外资，为国际资本流动提供了重要目的地。

语言文学英语翻译基础模拟题2020年(116)(总分100, 做题时间60分钟)翻译题1.In these times when market forces appear **plicated and more volatile, it is all the more important to understand the professional jargon and terminology in the market place in order to be able to better make our investment and business decisions. Understanding key-economic indicators will assist in the decision making process, providing a snapshot of the current situation and an insight into the future.Each economic indicator tells us something about the economy or inflation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is probably the most important report as it is the whole framework where other economic indicators fall under. Using the textbook formula where Gross National Product = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Exports - Imports, some of the indicators will fall into the above-mentioned category e. g. retail sales figures will fall under consumption, construction spending under investment, to name a few. There are also indicators that are broader that tell us about the economy itself rather than **ponent, e. g. employment figures, leading indicators, money supply figures ( M3 ). Inflation figures, Produce Price Index ( PPI) and the Consumer Price Index ( CPI) will, in short, inform us of the changes in wholesale prices, cost of consumer ( retail) goods and services respectively.An indicator that is useful must be accurate, timely and reliable. It depends entirely on the integrity of the national statistical system responsible. It is vital to know the **ponents of an indicator. We have to be mindful of the limitation of these statistical figures too.Some indicators can be historic or extremely volatile, and therefore their value are reduced. It is better to compare the most recent data with earlier months, or take a moving average for the past 3, 6 or 12 months to smooth the data. It will tell us if there has been a significant change in trend and whether a new direction is under way.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 11.2答案:在目前这种时期，市场越来越变幻莫测、动荡不定，要做出明智的商业投资决策，理解市场相关的专业术语变得尤为重要。

英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编29(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Translation from English into Chinese．(北京航空航天大学2010研，考试科目：基础英语)London responded to terrorist attack on July 7th in true Blitz style: rescuers were heroic, and ordinary citizens showed compassion and fortitude. Or so the politically correct version goes. A report this week from the London Assembly takes a sterner line. In fact, radios failed to work, medical supplies were lacking, some ambulances arrived inexplicably late and traumatized people were left to wander off.This is the third official report into the bombs on tube and bus that killed 56 people last year and injured hundreds more. In May the Home Office offered a "narrative" of events but cast blame only on the terrorists. A parliamentary investigation concluded that the intelligence services, stretched thin, had done their best. The London Assembly"s take on the matter will not satisfy those who want an independent public inquiry. But it has, at least, got beneath the gloss.The response to the July 7th bombings was chaotic, and in ways that ought to have been preventable. The emergency services had no coherent plan in place to care for those who survived, the report suggests. But most crippling were the communication failures.Police, ambulance workers and firefighters were unable to talk to each other underground: only the radios of the transport police worked in the tunnels. The emergency services had to reply on runners to pass information to and from disaster areas. Yet a report on a big fire at King"s Cross tube station had drawn attention to precisely this problem in munications above ground were not much better. Rescue workers competed with bewildered bystanders for access to overloaded mobile-phone networks. The City of London Police, for its part, asked one wireless operator to favor certain rescue workers by limiting service for ordinary users. Earlier, a body headed by the Metropolitan Police had decided this was unnecessary.Richard Barnes, who chaired the assembly"s July 7th review committee, says the report is not meant to disparage the work of the rescuers but rather to fix the problems they encountered. Almost a year later, the situation has barely improved: a new digital radio network for London"s underground, for example, is running behind schedule. The assembly plans new hearings in November to hold various feet to the fire. （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：伦敦方面应对七月七日恐怖袭击时的情景跟当年应对德国闪电战般空袭时如出一辙：救援人员英勇无比，普通百姓则富有同情心而且不屈不挠。

2013年厦门大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．swing states正确答案：摇摆州(美国大选中的特有说法)2．poetic justice正确答案：善有善报，恶有恶报3．drone(军事用语)正确答案：无人驾驶飞机4．to scale back headcounts正确答案：缩减人员5．cheerleader正确答案：拉拉队队员6．skopos theory正确答案：目的论7．shopping spree正确答案：疯狂购物8．wailing wall正确答案：(犹太人的)哭墙9．call to collect正确答案：对方付费的电话10．TEU正确答案：国际标准货柜单位(twenty-foot equivalent unit) 11．shale gas正确答案：页岩气12．plastic surgery正确答案：整形手术13．a storm in a teacup正确答案：小题大做14．windfall tax正确答案：暴利税15．quantitative easing正确答案：量化宽松汉译英16．全面建成小康社会正确答案：to establish an all-around affluent society 17．安倍晋三正确答案：Shinzo Abe18．翘尾因素正确答案：carryover effects19．中国围棋正确答案：Chinese Go20．骑楼正确答案：sotto portico; arcade-house21．植入广告正确答案：product placement22．逆回购正确答案：reverse repurchase23．汽车单双号限行正确答案：even-odd license plate plan24．乱穿马路正确答案：jaywalking25．花旗银行正确答案：Citibank26．两“非”(非法鉴别性别和非法终止妊娠)正确答案：Illegal fetal sex testing and sex-selective abortions 27．湄公河正确答案：Mekong River28．松下电器正确答案：Panasonic Corporation29．哈萨克斯坦正确答案：Kazakhstan30．兵部尚书正确答案：minister of war英汉互译英译汉31．Wars throughout history have been waged for conquest and plunder. In the Middle Ages when the feudal lords who inhabited the castles—whose towers may still be seen along the Rhine—concluded to enlarge their domains, to increase their power, their prestige and their wealth they declared war upon one another. But they themselves did not go to war any more than the; modern feudal lords, the barons of Wall Street go to war.The feudal barons of the Middle Ages, the economic predecessors of the capitalists of our day, declared all wars. And their miserable serfs fought all the battles. The poor, ignorant serfs had been taught to revere their masters; to believe that when their masters declared war upon one another, it was their patriotic duty to fall upon one another and to cut one another’s throats for the profit and glory of the lords and barons who held them in contempt. And that is war in a nutshell. The master class has always declared the wars; the subject class has always fought the battles. The master class has had all to gain and nothing to lose, while the subject class has had nothing to gain and all to lose—especially their lives.正确答案：纵观历史，战争多是为了侵略和掠夺。

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷39(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．国务院新闻办发表《中国特色社会主义法律体系》白皮书，这是2011年10月27号发布的。

以下是其中的一些内容。

社会实践是法律的基础，法律是实践经验的总结、提炼。

社会实践永无止境，法律体系也要与时俱进。

建设中国特色社会主义是一项长期的历史任务，完善中国特色社会主义法律体系同样是一项长期而又艰巨的任务，必须随着中国特色社会主义实践的发展不断向前推进。

法律的生命力在于实施。

中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成，总体上解决了有法可依的问题，对有法必依、执法必严、违法必究提出了更为突出、更加紧迫的要求。

中国将积极采取有效措施，切实保障宪法和法律的有效实施，加快推进依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的进程。

正确答案：On October 27th, 2011, the Information Office of the State Council published the white paper of The Socialist System of Laws with Chinese Characteristics, whose contents are as follows. Social development is the foundation of laws, and laws encapsulate practical experience. Social development is a endless process, and legislative work should also constantly move forward with the times. Building socialism with Chinese characteristics is a long-term historic task. Improving the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics is also a long-term and arduous historic task, and it must advance in tandem with the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The vitality of laws lies in their enforcement. The formation of the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics has generally solved the basic problem of having laws for people to follow. Now, the problem of ensuring that laws are observed and strictly enforced and that lawbreakers are prosecuted has become more pronounced and pressing. Therefore, China will take active and effective steps to guarantee the effective enforcement of the Constitution and laws, and accelerate the advance of the rule of law to build a socialist country under the rule of law.2．申美航空运输市场开放，距离真正意义上的双方机会均等、互利共赢，还有一段距离。

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷7(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．For it is not the large house that live in the memory of the visitor. He goes through them as a matter of duty, and forgets about them as a matter of course. The pictures that linger in his mind, called up in a moment by such sensations as the smell of roses or of new-mown hay, are of a simpler nature. A little cottage nestling amidst the wayside trees, the blue smoke curling up against the green, and a power of roses round the door; or perhaps a village street of which the name has been long forgotten, with its rambling old inn, and, a little distance away, the hoary, grey church-tower in its township of tombstones—these are the pictures of old England that are carried away to other climes. And it is the cottage, more homely than the inn, more sacred than the church, that we remember best. Such places have no history at all, their life has not been set in the public eye, and they have always been so wrapped up in their own affairs, that they have never noticed how time is passing, and so they have brought down into the life of today the traditions of two or three hundred years ago. But though they do not pose, those quiet places, yet it is through them that the deep, main current of English life has flowed. For it is a shallow theory that views history as the annals of a court, or the record of the lives of a few famous men. Doubtless such have their significance, but it is easy to overrate their importance, and they afford but little clue to the life of the people, which is the real history of the country. And until recent days, it was not through the cities that this main stream flowed, but through innumerable little country towns and villages. Washington Irving grasped this fact nearly a hundred years ago when he wrote: The stranger who would form a correct opinion of English character must go forth into the country. He must sojourn in villages and hamlets; he must visit castles, villas, farmhouses, cottages; he must wander through parks and gardens, along hedges and green lanes; he must loiter about country churches, attend wakes and fairs and other rural festivals, and cope with the people in all their conditions and all their habits and humors. And these little villages and hamlets are planted all over England, sometimes close together, sometimes more widely spread, but seldom more than a mile or two apart. Written history may have nothing to say regarding them, but they have helped to make history. They have gathered few legends beyond those which time has written on the walls in weather stains and grey lichen, but the men who were born in those humble cottages have wrought in other lands legends that live today. Their cosy homes were bit newly built when the desperate tides of the civil war surged round them. Half a century later they formed part of the army which “swore terribly in Flanders,” and in fifty years more they were laying the foundations our great Indian empire. Then the arid fields of Spain saw them as they followed the Iron Dukethrough the dogged years of the Peninsular War, and they took part in his crowning triumph at Waterloo. Later still, India knew them once more, and the snowy trenches of the Crimea, and but yesterday Afghanistan, Egypt, and South Africa called them forth again. And all the while that those truant birds upheld the name of England abroad, leaving their bones in many lands, their brothers and sisters carried forward the old traditions at home, living their busy, unobtrusive, useful lives, and lying down to rest at last in the old familiar churchyard. And after all, this last is the real life of England, for the sake of which those wars were waged and bloody battles fought. It is the productive life which brings wealth and prosperity and happiness to a nation, and lays the foundation of all that is its honor and its pride. There is nothing obtrusive about the old cottages. They do not dominate the landscape, but are content to be part of it, and to pass unnoticed unless one looks specially for their homely beauties. The modern house, on the other hand, makes a bid for your notice. It is built on high ground, commands a wide range of country, and is seen from far and wide. But the old cottage prefers to nestle snugly in shady valleys. The trees grow closely about it in an intimate, familiar way, and at a little distance only the wreath of curling smoke tells of its presence. Indeed the old cottage has always been something so very close and so familiar to us, that its charms have been almost entirely overlooked, and it is only of recent years, when fast falling into decay, that it has formed a theme for pen and pencil. Truth to tell, of late years a change has come over England. The life that the old cottage typifies is now a thing of the past, and is daily fading more and more into the distance. Twentieth-century England, the England of the railway, the telegraph, and the motorcar, is not the England of these old cottages. Our point of view has changed. We no longer see the old homely life from within, but from the outside. But the commonplace of yesterday becomes the poetry of today, such glamour does the magician. Time cast over things, and the life becomes ever more and more attractive as it slips away from us, and we watch it disappear with regretful and kindly eyes.正确答案：古老的农舍丝毫不引人注目，它们并不独占风光，能点缀周围的风景也十分满足；人们只有欣赏质朴无华的美时才会注意到它们，对此，它们也无怨言。

上海外国语大学2022年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：357英语翻译基础专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效一、汉译英（80分）用“双增”推动“双减”落实今天，上海市教委就“强化学校教育主阵地作用”召开新闻发布会称，上海方面已注意到“双减”工作既要治标、又要治本的要求，未来将尝试通过用“双增”来推动“双减”的具体落实。

“把课外内容减了，我们要把课内做强做好。

”上海市教委相关负责人表示，上海将把“增强学校主阵地功能、增强校内教育质量”作为落实“双减”工作的主要内容，其中包括加强学校作业管理、全面实施义务教育课后服务、建立培育课后服务支持体系、加快推进紧密型学区集团建设、推进落实全员导师制全覆盖6个方面内容。

“这是首次明确把课后服务延伸到初中学段。

参加课后服务将成为学生常态，大多数人都参加。

”上海市教委相关负责人介绍，与课后服务时长配套的，是对学校布置高质量作业的新要求。

上海市教委相关负责人员说，高质量作业要求“小学作业不出校门，初中疑难作业不带回家”。

为此，上海还将要求义务教育阶段各所学校建立作业公示制度，公示作业完成时间和内容。

“校长和老师们要思考，如何向40分钟的课堂要质量。

而不是反复操练，捆绑出来的好成绩没有用。

”上海市教委相关负责人员介绍，考核的是80%学生的作业时长，不算平均数，作业管理将被纳入学校绩效考核范围。

上海市教委相关负责人介绍，上海“双减”工作的一个重要导向是关注每个学生，包括学生的情绪疏导、未来发展、生命价值讨论等。

“强调系统性、整体性、针对性地推进‘双减’工作，治标的同时要从治本上下工夫”。

二、英译汉（70分）The Reader,the Text,the PoemThe views set forth here have been tested and tempered by over forty years of observing and reflecting on readers'involvements with texts ranging from Chaucer and Shakespeare to Joyce and Wallace Stevens.For two decades,in a course on"Criticism and the Literary Experience,"I was able to pursue the study systematically.I presented texts-many of them repeated year after year to graduateand undergraduate students,who were often helped to develop a measure of self-criticism before their study of the critical canon from Plato to Eliot and beyond.A by-product for me was the opportunity,through various techniques,to gather evidence of what went onduring their reading.I was able to discover continuities and differences in response with changing student populations and changing mores,and to analyze the processes and patterns that manifested themselves in the actual movement toward an interpretation.My aim was to immerse myself in a rich source of insights,not merely to accumulate a body of codified data.What follows,therefore,is a distillation of my observations,reflections,and reading.As contemporary philosophers remind us,the observer inevitably enters into his observations:although I stress the inductive groundwork,obviously I brought to these inquiries various assumptions and hypotheses to be either supported or discarded.Further,strict training in the historical and critical disciplines of literary scholarship had established in me habits of thought from some of which I needed to be liberated.Perhaps this book can perform a similar service for others,not merely by articulating a particular set of intellectual theses but by inducing a new way of thinking about literary works of art.With one exception already alluded to,I have avoided the current tendency to create new terminology.Citations also have been kept to a minimum;a list of the works consulted over the years,or even those to which I am in some way indebted,beyond the ones mentioned in the notes,would be excessively long.I shall try simply to suggest the intellectual matrix within which the transactional theory of the literary work has evolved.As I look back on a long scholarly career,I become aware of a continuing need to affirm and to reconcile two often opposed positions,phrased,in earliest terms,as a Keatsian sense of the unique values of art,on the one hand,and,on the other,a Shelleyan feeling for its social origins and social impact.My first book,(L'Idée de l'art pour l'art dans la littérature anglaise (Paris,1931),)written for the doctorate in comparative literature at the Sorbonne,was a study of the theories of art for art's sake developed by nineteenth-century English and French writers to combat the pressures of an uncomprehending or hostile society.In the concluding pages,I stated the need for a public of readers able"to participate fully in the poetic experience" -readers able to provide a nurturing,free environment for poets and other artists of the word.Their texts possess,I believed,the highest potentialities for bringing the whole human personality,as Coleridge had said,"into activity."Here already was the germ of an increasingly intense preoccupation with the importance,to the arts and to society,of the education of readers of literature.My second book,(Literature as Exploration(1938),)confronted this problem directly,setting forth a philosophy of the teaching of literature the outgrowth mainly of my experience in teaching English and comparativeliterature at Barnard College.The book also refleeted work with Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict in the graduate department of anthropology at Columbia University.By that time,the writings of William Tamea.C.S.Peirce.Genroe Santavana,and John Dewey had provided a philosophic base for reconciling my aesthetic and social commitments.Dewey's Arl as Experience especially left its mark,perhaps more through its vision of aesthetic values woven into the texture of the daily life of human beings than its specific treatment of the literary arts.。