2012年国考教师资格证笔试科目三英语学科高中学段真题答案解析

高中英语真题:2012年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语试题（新课标卷，含答案）本试题卷分第I卷(选择题）和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。

考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡)，在本试题卷上答题无效。

考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题·每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B. ￡9.15C. ￡9.18答案是B。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroomC. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A.Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.i5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. bne went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。

2012年下半年中学教师资格认定考试（高级英语学科知识与教学能力）真题试卷(总分：66.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：22，分数：60.00)1.It was between 1830 and 1835______the modern newspaper was born.A.whenB.that √C.whichD.while解析：解析：考查强调句。

该结构为It is/was+被强调部分+that+其它部分。

故选B。

2.______who had arrested him three times for smuggling.A.Before John stood the policeman √B.Before the policeman stood JohnC.Before the policeman John stoodD.Before John the policeman stood解析：解析：考查倒装句和定语从句。

当句首为表示地点的介词词组时，句子要全部倒装，故排除C、D两项。

由语境可知，由关系代词who引导的定语从句，其先行词为policeman。

定语从句中的先行词一般出现在关系代词前，故选A。

该句转变成正常语序为The policeman who had arrested him three times for smuggling stood before John．3.John can play the guitar, and______.A.Mary play the violinB.Mary can the violinC.Mary can playD.Mary the violin √解析：解析：考查省略句。

在并列分句中，相同的谓语部分一般都可以省略。

句意为“约翰会弹吉他，玛丽会拉小提琴”。

4.Anthony, a meticulous young man, ______ watered his neighbors' plants once a week while they were on vacation.A.eagerlyB.perpetuallyC.diligently √D.haphazardly解析：解析：考查副词辨析。

12年教师资格证英语科三考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: 12-Year Teacher Qualification Certificate English Language Section Three Exam QuestionsIntroduction:The Teacher Qualification Certificate is an important credential for educators in China. To obtain this certificate, teachers must pass a series of exams in various subjects, including English. In this document, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the English Language Section Three exam questions for the 12-Year Teacher Qualification Certificate.Exam format:The English Language Section Three exam consists of multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions. The exam covers a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, writing skills, and listening comprehension.Sample questions:Multiple-choice questions:1. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?a) She goes to the work everyday.b) He is speaking on the phone now.c) They don't likes pizza.d) We have went to the cinema yesterday.2. Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence: She ________ her homework when the phone rang.a) finishb) finishesc) finishedd) finishingShort answer questions:3. Define the term 'passive voice' and provide an example sentence using this grammatical structure.4. Identify and correct the errors in the following sentence: "He goed to the store yesterday."Essay questions:5. Choose a topic from the list below and write a 200-word essay on it:- The importance of lifelong learning- The impact of technology on education- Strategies for inclusive teaching6. Translate the following paragraph into English:"教育是塑造未来的关键。

2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —Do you mind if I______the TV a bit?—Yes, I do, because Fm busy with my homework now.A. turn onB. turn upC. turndownD. turnoff2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows： He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of______.A. negative transferB. positive transferC. overgeneralizationD. pragmatic failure3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The party’s reduced vote was______of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I will always remember my mother^ last few days in this worlD.On February 14th,2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go t o the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office，I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waiteD. Time went slowly.Finally, we got to see our mother, it was terrible.On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happeneD. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had got better. How I wished that she had got better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa mommy’s gone. She’s deaD. ”1 couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospi tal. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother，who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as she is living. When someone is asked who their heroes are ,they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day?______.A. Her mother had been very ill.B. Her mother had been deaD.C. Her mother had gotten better.D. Her sister came to see her.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The men who race the cars are generally small, with a tight, nervous look. They range from the early 20s to the middle 40s, and it is usually their nerves that go first.Fear is the driver’s constant companion, and tragedy can be just a step behinD. Scarcely a man in the 500 does not carry the scars of accident crashes. The mark of the plastic surgeon is everywhere, and burned skin is common. Sometimes a driver^ scars are invisible, part of his heritage. Two young drivers, Billy Vukovich and Gary Bettenhausen, raced in their first 500 in 1968. Less than 20 years before, their fathers also competed against one another on the Indy track-and died there.All this the drivers accept. Over the years, they have learned to trust their own techniques, reflexes, and courage. They depend, too, on a trusted servant-scientific engineering. Though they may not have had a great deal of schooling (an exception is New Zealand’s Bruce McLaren, who had an engineering degree), many drivers are gifted mechanics， with a feeling for their engines that amount to kinship.A few top drivers have become extremely wealthy, with six-figure incomes from prize money, endorsement, and jobs with auto-product manufacturers. Some have businesses of their own. McLaren designs racing chassis (底盘).Dan GumeyJs California factory manufactured the chassis of three of the first four cars in the 1968 Indy 500, including his own second place car. Yet money is not the only reason why men race cars. Perhaps it isn’t even the major reason. Three times Indy winner(1961, 1964, 1967).A. J. Foyt, for example, can frequently be found competing on dirty tracks in minor-league races, where money, crowds and safety features are limiteD. and only the danger is not. Why does he do it? Sometimes Foyt answers, “It’s in my blooD. ’’Other times he says, “It is good practice.” Now and then he replies, “Don’t ask dumb questions. ’’A. J. Foyt often takes part in minor-league races fo r______ .A. prize moneyB. blood testC. cheers from the crowdD. enjoyment7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)A teacher may encourage students to__________ when they come acrossnew words infast reading.A. take notesB. ask for helpC. guess meaning from contextD. look up the words in a dictionary8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You II find this Travel Guide to be of great ( ) in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia.A. costB. priceC. valueD. expenditure9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teachA. new word sifter playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means______with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What stage can the following grammar activity be usedat?______.The teacher asks the students to arrange the words of the sentences into different columns marked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.A. PresentationB. PracticeC. ProductionD. Preparation12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. unhealthyB. exhaustedC. fearfulD. upset13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”Mr. Baker went to the flea market to______.A. buy a second-hand carB. have a trial driveC. choose a new carD. sell his old car14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the author′ s attitude towards America′ s policies on global warming?A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D. Compromising.15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities helps to train the skill of listening for gist?A. After listening, the students are required to figure out the relationship between the characters.B. After listening, the students are required to sequence the sentences according to the story.C. After listening, the students are required to identify the characters appearing in the story.D. After listening, the students are required to decide upon the title for the text.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Did you return Tom?s call?—I didn’t need to______, Fll see him tomorrow.A. thoughtB. unlessC. whenD. because17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) This skirt was made______your mother______her own measure.A. for; toC. to; toD. for; by18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)She is __________ , from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.A. transcribingB. keepingC. paraphrasingD. recollecting19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There is no doubt______you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. what20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项（请选择唯一正确的答案）Passage OneThere are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The worlds largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds is not the only reason why we need to protect wet-lands. Wetlands are important because they can also prevent floods. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance Of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2, many activities are held to tell people more about wet-lands.The World Wetlands Day is on. ______ .B. June 25C. February 2D. March 2221.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The committee __________ a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. releasedB. achievedC. reachedD. accomplished22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcas tle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the real ities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”The underlined phrase “low mortality” in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by “→←".A. short life spanB. low death rateC. low illness rateD. good health condition23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the student then has to apply the rule to given situation, the method is definedas______methoD.A. deductiveB. inductiveC. Grammar-translationD. audio-translation24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The most suitable question type to check students′ comprehension and developtheir critical thinking is __________.A. rhetorical questionsB. referential questionsC. close questionsD. display questions25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT the advantage of group work?A. creating some peaceful and quiet time in classB. encouraging cooperation and negotiation skills among studentsC. encouraging different opinions and contributions to the workD. promoting students5 autonomy rather than follow the teachers26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)--Would you like some noodles, Celia?--Yes, just___________, please.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Modem scientists divide the process of dying into two stages-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be reviveD. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body^ metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called KetA. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in.this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey’s heart became active once more. Aft er fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her heaD. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection. Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.One characteristic of clinical death is______.A. lasting damage to the lungsB. destruction of the tissuesC. temporary non-functioning of the heartD. that the organism cannot be revived28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities actually does not involve writing?→ ←.A. Completion according to outlines.B. Completion with multiple choices.C. Completion according to topic sentences.D. Completion with detailed examples related to the topiC.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) English teachers often ask students to ______ a passage to get the gist of it.A. skimB. scanC. predictD. describe30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Must I finish the work today, Mom?__No, you_____. You can finish it tomorrow.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ she heard her grandfather was bom in Germany.A. That was from her mumB. It was her mum thatC. It was from her mum thatD. It was her mum whom32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When we analyze the salt salinity (盐浓度)of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In thisextreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtaineD.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreaseD. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behinD. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeareD. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the worlD.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”What is a flea market?______.A. A market where fleas are solD.B. A market where cars are solD.C. A market where used and cheap goods are soldD. A supermarket.34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To their credit the Department of Energy______these ideas and funded a detailed study.A. took toB. took onC. took overD. took up35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The phoneme/n/in the first word of all the following phrases changes to/m/except______.A. moon shineB. moon beamC. common propertyD. common wealth36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows__________.A. generally distorted valuesB. unfair wealth distributionC. a marginalized lifestyleD. a rigid moral code37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following can be regarded as a communicative language task? ______ .A. Information-gap activityC. Sentence transformationD. Blank-filling38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the stead y rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the group s which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to thepassage?→←.A. Life expectancy goes on rising forever.B. There could be further increases in life expectancy.C. Life expectancy has slowed down since 1980s and it will stop.D. Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The message came to the villagers __________ the enemy had already fledthe village.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. where40.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which of the letter "u"in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?A. abuseB. useC. excuseD. lure41.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Based on the experiment, which of the following may signal that the subjectis nearing the solution?A. The subject is begging to work.B. The subject looks away at something else.C. The subject is distracted from the given words.D. The subject concentrates on the given words all the time.42.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) New curriculum promotes the three-dimensional teaching objective which includes_______.A. knowledge, skills and method sB. emotional attitude and valuesC. knowledge, skills and emotionD. knowledge and skills； process and methods； emotional attitude and values43.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are actively involved in classroom activities?→ ←.A. Nominating those who are good at English.B. Asking questions in a predicable sequence.C. Nominating students after the question is given.D. Nominating students before giving the question.44.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, professor of technology assessment, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, MD. His assessment weighed the pros and cons of e-book technology’s impact on social rela tionships, the environment, the economy，etC. Before you curl up with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating no biodegradable trash. On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self- sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourageself-publishing. In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society’s approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable，solve the problem of eye fatigue，be sure the “have-nots” get the technology，and support e-book training in schools and business.What is e-books negative impact on social relationships?______.A. They create new jobs only for writers.B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.C. They may threaten some traditional trades.。

2012年下半年全国统考教师资格考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》（高级中学）真题及详解一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑，错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．IT WAS BETWEEN 1830 AND 1835 ______ THE MODEM NEWSPAPER WAS BORN. A．WHENB．THATC．WHICHD．WHILE【答案】B【解析】“IT IS……THAT……”为固定强调句型。

2．______ WHO HAD ARRESTED HIM THREE TIMES FOR SMUGGLING. A．BEFORE JOHN STOOD THE POLICEMANB．BEFORE THE POLICEMAN STOOD JOHNC．BEFORE THE POLICEMAN JOHN STOODD．BEFORE JOHN THE POLICEMAN STOOD【答案】A【解析】定语从句中，先行词一般出现在关系代词前。

题目是由代词WHO引导的先行词为POLICEMAN的定语从句。

3．JOHN CAN PLAY THE GUITAR，AND ______.A．MARY PLAY THE VIOLINB．MARY CAN THE VIOLINC．MARY CAN PLAYD．MARY THE VIOLIN【答案】D【解析】在并列分句中，凡是相同的谓语一般都可以省略。

4．ANTHONY，A METICULOUS YOUNG MAN，______ WATERED HIS NEIGHBOR S’ PLANTS ONCE A WEEK WHILE THEY WERE ON VACATION.A．EAGERLYB．PERPETUALLYC．DILIGENTLYD．HAPHAZARDLY【答案】C【解析】EAGERLY急切地、渴望地；PERPETUALLY永恒地、持久地；DILIGENTLY勤奋地；勤勉地；HAPHAZARDLY偶然地、随意地；ANTHONY是个谨慎的人，他在邻居外出旅行期间，每周都用心地帮他们灌溉植物。

2012年武汉市事业单位招聘考试中学英语学科专业部分三、单项填空（每小题1分，共15分）21.If you want to complain about a product or a service, this is the standard ____for you to follow:first fill in a form and then wait for your turn to see the manager.A. procedureB. directionC. commitmentD. example22. A trip to the forest park is a wonderful____ of my happy childhood, when I had no end of fun with my playmates.A. adventureB. celebrationC. reminderD. attraction23.Having worked as a doctor for so many years, Mr.White has____ rich experience in battling with various diseases.A. reservedB. accumulatedC. increasedD. Developed24. She ___ her husband by ten years, during which time she tried to live an active and meaningful life.A. overtookB. succeededC. divorcedD. survived25. A lot of facts still have to be ____ before we can make a final decision about who should be held responsible for the accident.A. clarifiedB. processedC. exposedD. handled26. Our country has ____ great changes in the past several decades, which is , of course, the result of reform and opening to the outside world.A. proposedB. demandedC. madeD. witnessed27. The company intends to launch some new products so as to _____ different age groups.A. stick toB. contribute toC. appeal toD. Turn toIt is advisable for you to stop ___ and do something useful. Don not trifle away your time.A. looking aroundB. hanging aroundC. turning aroundD. coming around29. The application of so many_____ terms in his lecture confused most of the listeners.A. technicalB. temporaryC. reasonableD. accurate30. He is such a(n) ___ salesman that he managed to complete the whole year’s marketingprogram within only six months.A. ridiculousB. appropriateC. aggressiveD. optimistic31. Compared with male graduates, a(n) ______ small number of female graduates can get employed when they go job--hunting.A. equallyB. gradually C .roughly D. relatively32. ----Is there anything ____ that you’d like to have for dinner?---- Not really. Everything is just OK with me.A. in additionB. In generalC. in particularD.in place---- My cat is putting on a lot of weight recently.----- You are to blame. You ____ have given her so much to eat.couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’tIt did not take long ___ the place was declared a nature reserve and the endangered animal got adequately protected.A. beforeB. thatC. whenD. since_____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has varieties of species which can hardly be found in other parts of the world.A. Being separatedB. Having been separatedC. To be separatedD. To have been separated四、完形填空（每小题1分，共20分）"Try your best and get good grades and you’ll find a high-paying job with great benefits," my parents used to say. Their goal in life was to __36___a college education for my elder sister and me, so that we would have the greatest chance for success in life. When I __37___ earned my diploma in 1976, my parents had realized their goal. It was the crowning achievement of their lives. I was hired by a "Big 8" accounting firm, and I __38___ a long career and retirement at an early age.My husband, Michael, followed a __39__path. We both came from hard-working families, of modest means but with strong work ethics. Michael also graduated with honors, but he did it twice: first as an engineer and then from law school. He was quickly __40__ by a prestigious Washington, D.C., law firm that specialized in patent law, and his future seemed bright, career pathwell-defined and early retirement ___41____.Although we have been successful in our careers, they have not __42___quite as we expected. We both have changed positions several times-for all the right reasons-but there are no pension plans vesting on our behalf. Our retirement __43____ are growing only through our individual contributions.Michael and I have a wonderful marriage with three great children. We have spent a ___44____ making sure our children have received the best education __45____.One day in 1996, one of my children came home __46____ with school. He was bored and tired of studying. "Why should I put time into studying subjects I will never use in real life?" he __47___.Without thinking, I responded, "Because if you don't get good grades, you won't get into college.""If you don't graduate from college, you won't get a good job," I responded with a tinge of panic and motherly __48__. "And if you don't have a good job, how do you plan to get rich?"My son smirked and slowly __49__ his head with mild boredom. We have had this talk many times before. He lowered his head and rolled his eyes. My words of motherly wisdom were falling on __50___ once again.Though smart and strong-willed, he has always been a polite and respectful young man."Mom," he began. It was my turn to be _51__. "Get with the times! Look around; the richest people didn't get rich because of their __52___. Look at Michael Jordan and Madonna. Even Bill Gates, who dropped out of Harvard, founded Microsoft; he is now the richest man in America, and he's still in his 30s. There is a baseball pitcher who makes more than $4 million a year even though he has been __53___ `mentally challenged.' "There was a long __54__ between us. It was dawning on me that I was giving my son the same advice my parents had given me. The world around us has changed, but the advice hasn't.Getting a good education and making good grades no longer __55___success, and nobody seems to have noticed, except our children.A. provideB. recommendC. receiveD. prepareA. reluctantlyB. narrowlyC. honorablyD. completelyA. look back onB. look forward toC. look up toD. look out forA. differentB. difficultC. simpleD. similarA. abandonedB. recruitedC. consideredD. interviewedA. delayedB. announcedC. guaranteedD. rejectedA. Headed outB. held outC. turned outD. come outA. chancesB. choicesC. agesD. fundsA. fortuneB. dealC. timeD. feeA. abroadB. availableC. appropriateD. admirableA. disillusionedB. contentedC. overloadedD. accompaniedA. explainedB. protestedC. exclaimedD. addedA. attitudeB. kindnessC. mannerD. concernA. shookB. noddedC. hitD. coveredA. attentiveB. sharpC. deafD. openA. criticizedB. questionedC. trainedD. lecturedA. backgroundsB. positionsC. educationsD. opportunitiesA. labeledB. recognizedC. observedD. deniedA. distanceB. silenceC. connectionD. waitA. stopsB. ensuresC. deservesD. approaches五、阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2分；共30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳答案。

精品文档2014 年下半年高中《英语学科知识》教师资格证考试统考真题及答案一、选择题（本大题共30 小题，每小题 2 分，共60 分）在每小题列出的四个备选选项中选择一个最佳答案，请用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.which of the following is the proper pronunciation of “ have to“as a result of assimilation?A. ／ hef tu ／B. ／ hev tu ／C. ／ h?f tu ／D.／ h? v tu ／2.which of the following shows the proper rhythmical pattern of the sentence?A. ′ Come to ′ see us at our ′ new a`partmentB.`Come to`see us at`our new`apartmentC.`Come to`see us`at our`new`apartmentD.`Come to`see us`at our`new a`parement3.He came to dinner and my mom fixed a roast,prime rib,pie,yohurt,dri nks,and that kind of ＿,and it was really good.A.meatB.stuffC.staffD.Dish4.Unlike her ＿sister,Judith is a shy,unsociable person who dislike to go to parties or to make new friends.A.charmingB.friendlyC.graciousD.Gregarious5.He pledged support for “＿ care ”，where youngsters were looked after be close relatives like aunts or uncles,but not parents.A.familyB.kinshipC.siblingD.Relative6.I will never know all that was in his head at the time,＿ .A.nor will anyone elseB.nor anyone else willC.nor won′ t anyone elseD.nor anyone else won′ t7.She doesn′t want to work right now because she thinks that if she＿a job she probably wouldn ′t be able to visit her friends very often.A.has to getB.were to getC.had gotD.could have got8.What is the correct way to read the decimal “ 106.16 ” in English?A.One hundred and six point one sixB.One hundred and six point six teenC.One hundred and six points one sixD.One hundred and six points s ixteen9.When any of the maxims under the Cooperative Principle is floutedon purpose,might arise.精品文档A.ambiguous structureB.contradictory propositionC.mutual understandingD.conversational implicature10.Indian English is a＿ variety of the English language.A.socialB.regionalC.historicD.Situational11.In teaching pronunciation,the teacher should tell the students that＿can be used to convey more important messages.A.rhymeB.stressC.devoicingD.Rhythm12.When a teacher asks students to discuss how the writer ˊs ideas are organized in the text,he/she intends to develop studentsˊskill of ＿ .13.Which of the following focus(es)on accuracy in teaching grammar?A.simulationB.substitution drillsC.role playD.Discussion14.When a teacher says“Next,please pay attention to the time of arrival and departure ofthe planes in the recording.”,he ／ she intends to develop students＇skill of ＿ .A.predictingB.getting the general pictureC.distinguishing soundsD.getting specific information15.If a teacher asks students to list as many ways as they can to tell someone to open the door and list the possible functions ofa sentence in different contexts.he／she is probably trying to highlight＿.16.The teacher would use＿to help students communicate in teaching speaking.A.substitution drillsB.group discussionC.listening and actingD.reading aloud17. ＿assessment is used to measure how the performance of a particular st udent or group of students compares with that of another.A.Criterion-referencedB.Norm-referencedC.FormativeD.Summative18.Which of the following teacher＇s instruction could serve the purpose of eliciting ideas?A.Shall we move on?B.Read after me,everyoneC.What can you see in this pictureD.What does the world“ quickly”mean?19.Which of the following is an example of teachers ＇indirect corrective feedback?A.Say “ went ” instead of “go”B.We never use “ at ” that wayC.Choice A is not the right answerD.Who can help him with this se ntence?20.Total Physical Response as a TEFL method is more often used for teaching＿.A.childrenB.adultsC.ESP courseD.GE course请阅读 passage1, 完成第21～25小题Passage1Unless you spend much time sitting in a college classroom or browsin g through certain areas of the Internet,it＇s possible that you had not heard of trigger warnings until a few weeks ago,when they made an appearance in the Times.The newspaper exp lained that the term refers to preemptive alters,issued by a professo r or an class might be sufficiently graphic to spark symptoms of po st-traumatic-stress disorder.The term seems to have originated in online feminist forums,where tri gger warnings have for some years been used to flag discussion of r ape or other sexual violence.The Times piece,which was skeptically tit led“warnings are moving from the online fringes to the classroom,and mi ght be more broadly applied to highlight in advance the distress or offense that a work of literature might cause. “ Huckleberry Finn ”would come with a warning for those who have experienced racism;The Merchant of Venice would have an anti-Semitism warning attached.The ca ll from students for trigger warnings was spreading on campuses such as Oberlin,where a proposal was drafted that would advise professors to“be aware of racism,classism,sexism,and other issues of privilege and oppression”in devising their syllabi;and Rutgers,where a student argued in the c ampus newspaper that trigger warnings would contribute to preserving t he classroom as a“ safe space ” for students.Online discussion of trigger warnings has sometimes been guardedly sym pathetic,sometimes critical.Jessica Valenti has noted on The Nation ＇s website that potential triggers for trauma are so manifold as tobe beyond the possibility of cataloguing:“There is no triggers for warning for living your life.”Some have suggested that a professor＇s ability to teach would be compromised should it become commonplace for“ The Great Gatsby ”to hear a trigger warning alerting readers to the disgusting characte rs and incidents within its pages.Others have worried that trigger-warning advocates,in seeking to protect the vulnerable,run the risk of d isempowering them instead,“Bending the world to accommodate our personal frailties does not he lp us overcome them” ,Jenny Jarvie wrote on The New Republic＇s online site.Jarvie＇s piece,like many others on the subject,cited the University of Calif ornia,Santa Barbara,as a campus where champions of trigger warnings ha ve made significant progress.Earlier this year,students at U.C.S.B.agree d upon a resolution recommending that such warnings be issued in ins tances where classroom materials might touch upon“rape,sexual assault,abuse,self-injurious behavior,suicide,and graphic vio lence ” .The resolution was brought by a literature student who said t hat,as a past victim of sexual violence,she had been shocked when a teacher showed a movie in class which depicted rape,without giving advance notice of the content.The student hoped to spare others the possibility of experiencing a post-traumatic-stress reaction.The trigger-warning debate may,by comparison,seem hard to understand;but express a large cultural preoccupation with achieving safety,and a f ear of living in its absence.The hope that safety might be found,asin a therapist＇s office,in a classroom where literature is being taught is in direc t contradiction to one purpose of literature,which is to give express ion through art to difficult and difficult and uncomfortable ideas,and thereby to enlarge safe space,nor,probably,should it be.But it＇s difficult to fault those who hope that it might be,when the outsi de world constantly proves itself pervasively hostile,as well as,on oc casion,horrifically violent.21.Which of the following groups of people are most in favor of “trigger warning ” ?A.StudentsB.ReportersC.FeministsD.Professors22.Which of the following might be a possible change to be brought about by trigger warning to literature teaching?A.Teachers will abandon materials related to racism,sexism,violence,etc.B.Teachers will ignore students＇ s requests for a“ safe space ”in designing their syllabi.C.Teachers will give students advance notice of the content that is likely to distress or offend them.D.Teachers will allow students to express different and uncomfortable ideas to enlarge their experience.23.What does the author mean by“ compromised ” in PARAGRAPH3?A.QuestionedB.ImprovedC.ChallengedD.Weakened24.What does“ them” in PARAGRAPH3refer to?A.RisksB.FrailtiesC.TraumasD.Possibilities25.Which of the following can be the negative impact that trigger wa rning exerts on literature teaching according to the writer?A.It may highlight the purpose of literature teaching.B.It may expose students to the dark side of the world.C.It may deprive students of their intellectual growth.D.It may cause students to experience a post-traumatic-stress disorder.请阅读 passage2, 完成 26～30小题。

2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) What should the teacher try to avoid when selecting listening materials?A. the text scripted and recorded in the studioB. the text with implicated concepts beyond the comprehension of studentsC. the text with local accents in pronunciationD. the text with some difficult words for students2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Juliet says in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. “What’s in a name ? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. ’’Her words pinpoint the fact that language is ______ .A. recursiveB. arbitraryC. culturally specificD. creative3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)In the following activities, which one needs most control?A. Retelling.B. Finding difference.C. Role play.D. Debate.4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensifieD. This will involve even increasing quantities of agriculture chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be lesseneD. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazarD. This involves the processing of solid wastes prior to disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or best reduce pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients containeD. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste production into marketable byproducts. Other industries have potential economic uses for their waste products.The author gives substance to the passage through the use of______.A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controlsB. opinion and personal observationsC. definitions which clarify important termsD. strong argument and persuasion5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Since he left the university, he______in an accounting company.A. has been workingB. had workedC. had been workingD. was working6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the best title for this passage?A. Creativity. and InsightsB. Insights and Problem SolvingC. Where Do Insight Moments Come?D. Where Do Creativity Moments Come?7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 请阅读passagel，完成下列小题Passage 1They came to the United States as children with little idea, if any, of what it meant to overstay a visa. They enrolled in public schools, learned English, earned high school diplomas. Like many of their classmates, they pondered college choices. But as undocumented immigrants in Maryland, they then had to confront the reality that they must pay two to three times what former high school classmates pay to attend the stated public college. It is a rule that, for many students of modest means, puts a college education out of reach, with one exception: Montgomery College.That is why Josue Aguiluz, 21, bom in Honduras, and Ricardo Campos, 23, bom in El Salvador-and numerous others like them-landed at the community college. There, they study and wait for a verdict from Maryland voters on a Nov. 6 ballot measure that may determine whether they can afford to advance to a four-year college."I know people in Maryland believe in education,Campos said the other day at the student center on the Rockville campus. “I know they are going to vote for Question 4.I’m hanging on their vote.”Question 4 asks voters to affirm or strike down a law that the legislature passed last year, known as Maryland‘s version of the "Dream Act," which granted certain undocumented immigrants the ability to obtain in-state tuition at public colleges and universities. The subsidy comes with condit ions. Among→ them←: To take advantage, students must first go to a two-year community college.The law was pushed to a referendum after opponents mounted a lightning petition drive that showed the depth of division over illegal immigration across the state and the nation. Critics say discounting tuition for students who lack permission to be in the country is an unjustified giveaway of what they believe will amount to tens of millions of tax dollars a year." When an undocumented student enters the system, it is a net loss of revenue,said Del. Patrick L. McDonough (R-Baltimore County). It is a simple mathematical argument. Put your emotion and your passion aside, and get out your calculator.There is no count of the number of students statewide who would be eligible for benefits under the law. Estimates range from several hundred to a few thousand.A Washington Post poll this month found that a solid majority of likely voters favored thelaw: 59 percent support it, and 35 percent are opposed. If the law is affirmed, Maryland would join about a dozen other states with laws or policies providing in-state tuition benefits to undocumented immigrants. Texas became the first in 2001.Experts say Maryland’s version is the only one that requires students to g o through community college first. That means the stated 16 community colleges could become a pipeline for undocumented students in public higher education if the measure is approved.Montgomery College is already a magnet for such students. It offers the same low tuition to any student who graduated within the past three years from a Montgomery County high school.What does “them” in PARAGRAPH 4 refer to? ______ .A. studentsB. conditionsC. undocumented immigrantsD. public colleges and universities8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Students are presented with contextualized scenarios illustrating a specific structure. Then they are guided to find theunderlying rule of the structure as well as its meaning in context followed by explicit teaching and learning or the target structure. Which method does the teacher use?______.A. consolidationB. the inductive methodC. the deductive methodD. the guide discovery methoD.9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I arrived at the airport so late that I______missed the plane.A. onlyB. quiteC. narrowlyD. seldom10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) During the last Paralympics(残奥会)，all the rooms in the Paralympics’ Village in Beijing are so designed that theyare______to the disableD.A. accessibleB. availableC. convenientD. valid11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)In a pre-listening activity, students need to learn to cope with some ambiguity in listening and realize that they can still learn even when they do not understand every single word. The aim of this activity is to develop the skill of___________.A. listening for specific informationB. listening for gistC. listening for structureD. listening for vocabulary12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What can cloze help to train in terms of writing?______.A. unity of textsB. indention of textsC. compilation of textsD. use of cohesive devices13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which is the most advantageous relationship mode between teachers and students for the development of students?_____A. managerial modeB. permissive modeC. arbitrary modeD. democratic mode14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) AIDS is said______the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”.The United States Army has now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man’s eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in an increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snow blindness.Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of amain body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape, Even the Scouts themselves throw light weight, dark colored objects ahead on which they also can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arresteD. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see，stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.A suitable title for this passage would be______.A. snow blindness and how to overcome itB. nature’s cure for snow blindnessC. soldiers in the snowD. snow vision16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The vowels of the following words are nasalized except______.A. callB. tanC. capD. come17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Ive loved my mother’s desk since 1 was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the more wonderful thing in the worlD. Years later, during her final illness. Mother kept different things for my sister and brother, “but the desk，” she’d said again,“it’s for Elizabeth. ’’I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me； she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter. They never happeneD. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she lived “on the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me. I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came. My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace，it seemed that nothing happeneD.I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times. Give me an answer, my letter asks in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.The passage shows that______.A. mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. mother cared much about her daughter in wordsD. mother wrote to her daughter in careful words18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There→ ←nothing more for discussions, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)--A:Let′s go to the movie tonight.--B:I′d like to. but I have to study for an exam.In the conversation above, B′s decline of the proposal is ca tegorized as a kindof__________.A. illocutionary actB. perlocutionary actC. propositional conditionD. sincerity condition20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)It is in the Future Mall where you bought a coat___________her sister works.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. that21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again,but______didn’t help.A. heB. itC. whichD. as22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Although the earliestfilms in cinema were done in one shotwithout any editing cutting is so fundamental to the medium that it began to emerge relatively quickly. There was a basic disparity between t he amount of film that a camera’s magazine couldhold and the evolving desire of filmmakers and audiences for longerand more elaborate story films. Only by editing shots together could longer narrative forms be achieved. A Trip to the Moon (1914), directed by Georges Melies (1861~1938), for example, creates a narrative by assembling as series of scenes, with each scene filmed in a single shot. The edit points occur between the scenes in order to link them together.The Great Train Robbery (1903), directed by Edwin S. Porter (1870~1941) ，follows a band of Western outlaws robbing a train and interrupts the chronology of the action on with a cutaway showing the rescue of a telegraph operator whom the outlaws earlier had tied up. Following the cutaway, Porter introduces a second line of action, showing the roundup of a posse and the pursuit ofthe outlaws. Film historians commonly cite this as an early example of parallel editing, showing two lines of narrative action happening at the same time. Although Porters use o f this device here is ambiguous, It is not clear that he means for the parallel editingto establish that the two lines of action are in fact happening simultaneously. In other respects, editing in The Great Train Robbery remains very primitive, with cuts used only to join scenes and with no intercutting inside a scene.In contrast with Porter, D. W. Griffith (1875~1948) freed the camera from the conventions of stage perspective by breaking the action ofscenes into many different shots and editing these according to the emotional and narrative rhythms of the action. Griffith explored the capabilities of editing in the films he made at Biography studio from 1908 to1913, primarily the use ofcontinuity matches to link shots smoothly and according to their dra matic and kinestheticproperties. Cutting from full-figure shots to a close-up accentuated the drama, and matching the action on a cut as character walksfrom an exterior into a doorway and, in the next shot, enters an interior set enabled Griffith to join filming locations that were physically separated but adjacent in terms of the time and place of the story.Griffith became famous for his use o f crosscutting in the many "ridesto the rescue" that climax his films. In The Girl and Her Trust (1912), for example, Griffith cuts back and forth from a pair of robbers, who have→abducted← the heroine and are escaping on a railroad pump car, who is attempting to overtake them by train. By intercutting these lines ofaction, Griffith creates suspense, and by shortening the lengths of the shots, he accelerates the pace. Crosscutting furnished a foundation for narrative in cinema, and there is little structural difference between what Griffith didhere and what a later filmmaker such as Steven Spielberg (B. 1946) does in Jaws (1975).Griffith extended his fluid use of continuity editing and crosscutting in his epics The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916). The latter film is a supreme example of crosscutting, which is here used to tell four stories set in different time periods in simultaneous fashion.Which of the following films is an excellent example of crosscutting?______ .A. the great train robbery.B. the girl and her trust.C. the birth of a nation.D. intolerance.23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age, for the same age, for these children to develop to their full adult potential; their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society5s understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children—disabled or not —to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.This passage mainly deals with______.A. the differences of children in their learning capabilitiesB. the definition of exceptional children in modem societyC. the special educational programs for exceptional childrenD. the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Teacher: After listening, answer the following two questions according to what you have heard on the tape.(1) What is the relationship between the speakers?(2) What are the speakers，attitudes towards each other?What listening strategy does this listening activity help to train?______.A. inferringB. gist listeningC. listening for detailsD. dictation25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the student then has to apply the rule to given situation, the method is definedas______methoD.A. deductiveB. inductiveC. Grammar-translationD. audio-translation26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) He wanted to sleep, but no sooner______his eyes than the desire to sleep left him.A. had he closedB. he had closedC. did he closeD. he closed27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) African elephants have been slaughtered at alarming rate over the past decade, largely because they are the primary source of the worlds ivory. Their population has been dwindled froml.3 million in 1979 to just 625,000 today, and the rate of killing has been accelerating in recent years because many of the older, bigger tusked animals have already been destroyeD. “The poachers now must kill times as many elephants to get the same quantity of ivory,” explained Curtis Bohlen, Senior vice president of the World Wildlife FunD.Though its record on the environment has been spotty so far, the government last week took the lead in a major conservation issue by imposing a ban on ivory imports into the US. The move came just four days after a consortium of conservation groups, including the World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservation International, called for that kind of action, and it made the US the first nation to forbid imports of both raw and finished ivory. The ban, says Bohlen, sends a very clear message to the ivory poachers that the game is over.In the past African nations have resisted an ivory ban, but increasingly they realized thatthe decimation of the elephant herds poses a serious threat to their tourist business. Last month Tanzania and several other African countries called for an amendment to the 102 nation Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species that would make the ivory trade illegal worldwide. The amendment is expected to be approved at an October meeting in Geneva and to go into effect next January. But between now and then, conservationists contend, poachers may go on a rampage, killing elephants wholesale, so nations should unilaterally forbid imports fight away. The US government brought that argument, and by week’s end the twelve nations European Community had followed with its own ban.According to the passage, “dwindle” means______.A. decreaseB. enlargeC. weakenD. eliminate28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The pronunciation of the English contraction “don’t” is ______ .A. [d?nt]B. [d?nt]C. [d?:nt]D. [d?unt]29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) A: It’s sloppy.B: Bless you.A: Thank you.This example explains that language has______function.A. informativeB. performativeC. phaticD. emotive30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sounds does “lateral” referto?______.A. [w]B. [l]C. [j]D. [h]31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)请阅读Passage 2，完成小题。

2012年9月国家公共英语（三级）笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingSection I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are TWO parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answe Part ADirections: You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer ―A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.听力原文：W: What a fantastic tie you’ ve got, Adam! M: Thanks. It’ s a birthday gift from my wife. W: It goes so well with your shirt.M: I was thinking of giving my father a wallet or a book on his birthday. But it seems that a tie is a better choice.1．What will the man buy for his father’s birthday?A．A tie.B．A shirt.C．A book.D．A wallet.正确答案：A听力原文：M: Great party, isn’ t it? Ted and Jane always have great parties.W: But this is my first. I only met Ted yesterday. He and I teach at the same school. M: Oh, you’ re a teacher? What do you teach? W: History, and Geography.2．What do we know about Ted?A．He is a history teacher.B．He is a geography teacher.C．He is the woman’s neighbor.D．He is the woman’s colleague.正确答案：D听力原文：W: You look so angry. What happened?M: Nothing, I’ d rather not talk about it. Just don’ t ask. W: Come on. I think you need to let off some anger. Not have your feelings held back like that. It’ll eat your life.3．What does the woman suggest the man should do?A．Have a healthy diet.B．Get rid of his anger.C．Stop asking questions.D．Keep his feelings back.正确答案：B听力原文：M: What’s the problem?W: This cheese has gone bad. It’s past the sale by date. I bought it in this shop yesterday. M: Well, that’ s not really our fault. The supplier is responsible. W: But you sold it in your shop. I’ d like to get my money back, please.4．What do we know about the cheese?A．It is on the shelf.B．It is too expensive.C．It is in short supply.D．It is no longer fresh.正确答案：D听力原文：W: Stanley, there is a Mr. Miller on the phone who wants to talk to you. M: I’m busy at the moment. Can you ask him to hold? Tell him I’ll talk with him in a few seconds. W: Sure, he’ s on Line 2. M: Thanks, Jane.5．What does the man ask the woman to do?A．Answer the phone for him.B．Ask Mr. Miller to phone later.C．Ask Mr. Miller to hold on a moment.D．Tell Mr. Miller he will phone back later.正确答案：C听力原文：M: Are you staying long?W: No, unfortunately only a couple of weeks. M: On business or on holiday?W: Business, I ‘m afraid. My company is setting up an office in London.6．Why is the woman in London?A．She is on holiday.B．She is on a business trip.C．She is working for a company there.D．She wants to establish a company there.正确答案：B听力原文：W: My sister is really keen on soccer. M: Really? What team does she support?W: Not any in particular. She is an enthusiastic player. She’s on the local women’ s team. M: Well. If that’ s the case, you really must take me to see her playsometimes.7．What do we learn about the woman’s sister from the dialogue?A．She likes watching football games.B．She is a fan of a local football team.C．She is a keen football player herself.D．She likes the local women football players.正确答案：C听力原文：W: I was almost fooled by a telephone call yesterday. M: What’s it about?W: A week’ s vacation for two. But I realized it was a cheat when they told me to ring a special telephone number to claim the price. M: Well, those calls are charged at unbelievably high rates.8．What happened to the woman yesterday?A．She was almost cheated by a telephone call.B．She got a phone call from a special number.C．She was overcharged by the phone company.D．She prepared for her vacation with her friend.正确答案：A听力原文：M: I’d like to recommend an extremely efficient work-out machine at this fitness club.W: Great! I need your professional advice. M: The rowing machine. So many people just ignore it, but it’s a full body exercise. It combines strength training with the heart.9．Why does the man recommend rowing’?A．It requires few professional skills.B．It exercises many parts of the body.C．It is a new item of fitness programs.D．It is popular with most club members.正确答案：B听力原文：W: Hi, Mark! I heard you just had an interview for a new job? How did it go? M: I think I did well. They said they ‘ d make a decision by this Friday. W: This Friday? It looks like they want to hire the person as quickly as possible.10．What do we know about the company?A．It needs new employees badly.B．It gives quick responses routinely.C．It is a newly established business.D．It is very cautious in decision-making正确答案：APart BDirections: You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.听力原文：W: Hi, I’ m Sally. I live in the Apartment 324, right next door. I was wondering if you could do a favor for me. I’ m expecting a package to be delivered, but now I have to go to the property manager. Could you sign the package and hold it for me?M: Of course. I would be happy to help you out. By the way, I’m John. I moved in here two days ago. It’ s nice to meet you.W: I’ ve been living here for six months.M: Would you like to come in for a cup of coffee?W: No, thanks. I need to talk to the property manager about some problems with my apartment.M: What trouble are you having?W: My electric stove gets too hot. I baked a cake yesterday. After only five minutes, the cake was as hard as a brick. I had the temperature set right.M: Something must be going wrong with it. You’ d better talk to the property manager, and get it repaired as soon as possible.W: OK. I have to go now. I really appreciate your help. I’ m glad that you moved in next door to me. I’ ll bake a cake as a housewarming gift as soon as my stove is working.M: Sounds great. Well, I’ ll see you later.W: Bye for now.11．What does the woman want the man to do for her?A．Deliver her package.B．Sign for her package.C．Find the property manager.D．Talk to the property manager.正确答案：B12．How long has the man lived in the apartment?A．Two days.B．One week.C．Six months.D．One year.正确答案：A13．What problem does the woman have?A．She has run out of flour for baking cakes.B．She is ignorant of how to operate the stove.C．Something is going wrong with her stove.D．Something is going wrong with her timer.正确答案：C听力原文：W: I really need a vacation. I just can’ t decide where to go.M: Have you ever been to Curacao?W: No, I haven’ t. It’ s so far.M: Oh, come on! In this day and age, nothing is far. Besides, once you get there, it’ s like being in paradise. I really think you should consider it. In fact, I suggest you ask, your travel agent about it.W: What’s so great about Curacao? It’s just another tropical island with a pretty beach.M: Just another tropical island? Bright sunny days with blue water rolling upon to the clean white sand. Gentle winds blowing through the palm trees of clear move at night. Come on! It’ s a tremendous place to go.W: Oh, I don’ t know.M: Look! You can go wherever you want. But it’s important that you relax during your vacation. And Curacao is the perfect place for that. I mean, you can do all the things you like to do. Play tennis, swim, read, rest, not to mention eat well and get a great suntan. Why are you so hesitant? Come on! Be adventurous.W: You’ re certainly making it sound better by the minute. OK, maybe I’ ll check it out with my travel agent.M: I suggest you hurry. This is a very busy time of the year. And reservations aren’ t always easy to get. And it is absolutely necessary that you have reservations.14．What does the man think of Curacao?A．It is difficult to reach.B．It is a tourist paradise.C．It is a perfect place for sports.D．It is an ordinary tropical island.正确答案：B15．Why does the woman hesitate to make her decision to go to Curacao?A．She thinks it is too far.B．She thinks it is too crowded.C．It is not safe to go there.D．It is not the right time to go there.正确答案：A16．What is the woman probably going to do?A．Pack up for the trip.B．Make her reservations.C．Book her airline ticket.D．Contact her travel agent.正确答案：D17．Who is the woman talking to?A．Her friend.B．Her husband.C．Her travel agent.D．Her health advisor.正确答案：A听力原文：W: John, shall we go to Sun Store? I have decided to buy that Murrberry handbag. Anyway, I’ m not carrying this one to Mary’ s wedding.M: But, Jane, why not rent one with Handbag Hire? Instead of $990, pay $ 50, and you have it for a whole week.W: Sounds great, but I never knew I can rent a handbag.M: Handbag Hire is a new business. It was founded two months ago. Its collection covers many designer handbags.W: So... for the price of one Murrberry, I can use a different bag each week for twenty weeks?M: Absolutely. And if you like one of them, you can choose to buy it at a discounted rate. Of course the price varies by age and condition. For example, a $1500 Murrberry bag can sell for just $ 750.W: Great, but how do I rent? By telephone? Or in person?M: Either. And more conveniently, it accepts online orders.W: I’ ll do it on line now. I still have one more question. Mary’ s wedding is next Saturday. There are only five days left. Do I have enough time?M: Don’t worry. It promises that customers receive their orders by post within two days. Three more days to go.W: Oh, I’ d better order one right now.18．Why does the woman want to buy a handbag?A．To celebrate her birthday.B．To carry it on her wedding.C．To give it to Mary as a gift.D．To attend Mary’s wedding with it.正确答案：D19．What do we learn about Handbag Hire?A．It is the largest handbag dealer.B．It is a famous handbag company.C．It designs expensive handbags.D．It specializes in renting handbags.正确答案：D20．How will the woman place her order?A．By post.B．In person.C．By telephone.D．On the Internet.正确答案：D21．How many days will the woman have to wait for her order?A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5正确答案：A听力原文：W: Somebody once said that good communication can solve any problem. Do you agree with this?M: I think that good communication can solve a lot of problems, and improve many a situation. I worked in some seemingly impossible situations, and saw people change dramatically all because they started communicating in better ways. But can good communication solve all problems? No. It can’ t stop some people from seeing the world in twisted ways. It can’ t stop some people from hurting themselves.W: What kind of people do you have difficulty working with?M: I’ m naturally a person who likes to be decisive, and to act, so I get impatient sometimes when I’ m working with a large group. Because it takes time for everyone’ s voice to be heard, and for everyone’ s opinion to be aired. Yet I know that process is vital if they’re going to reach the ultimate decision.W: Is success of business based more on the results of what you do, or on how you communicate what you’ ve done?M: Oh, it’ s a combination of both. To be successful, you have to be able to achieve results. But you also have to be able to communicate what you achieve. The most successful people don’t place glory on themselves, but rather on people who help them achieve success.22．What does the man think of good communication?A．It stops people from hurting each other.B．It brings glory to one’s career.C．It improves many situations.D．It solves all problems.正确答案：C23．How does the man describe himself?A．Ill-tempered.B．Agreeable.C．Decisive.D．Natural.正确答案：C24．What is necessary for a large group to make a final decision?A．Consulting with other groups.B．Letting everyone have his say.C．Going through a voting process.D．Reviewing past business activities.正确答案：B25．What does one have to do to be successful in business?A．Get help from other group members.B．Have the patience to talk with people.C．Stop seeing the world in twisted ways.D．Share their achieved results with others.正确答案：DSection II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Blue jeans are probably the single most representative article of American clothing. They were originally【C1】______by Jacob Davis, a tailor from Nevada, 【C2】______, together with dry-goods sales-man Levi Strauss, patented the idea as 【C3】______clothing for miners in 1873. Blue jeans, also【C4】______as work clothing, spread among workers of all kinds in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, 【C5】______among cowboys, farmers, loggers, and railroad workers. During the 1950s, 【C6】______Malion Brando and James Dean made blue jeans【C7】______by wearing them movies, and jeans be- came part of the【C8】______of teenagers’rebelling. In the 1960s and 1970s, this fashion statement exploded as Levi’s【C9】______a fundamental part of the youth【C10】______focused on both civil rights and antiwar protests. 【C11】______the late 1970s, almost everyone in the United States wore blue jeans, 【C12】______youths all around the world sought after them. 【C13】______designers began to create more complicated【C14】______of blue jeans and to 【C15】______their fit. jeans began to express the American emphasis【C16】______informality and the importance of detail. By stressing the right label and【C17】______the right look, blue jeans, 【C18】______their worker origins, satirically represented the status consciousness of Americanfashion and the【C19】______to get close to the【C20】______fashion. In 1971, Levi Strauss & Co. received the Coty Fashion Critics’ Award, the highest award of the American fashion industry.26．【C1】A．inventedB．introducedC．developedD．delivered正确答案：A解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。

2024年教师资格考试高中英语学科知识与教学能力复习试题及解答参考一、单项选择题（本大题有30小题，每小题2分，共60分）1.According to the Cognitive Load Theory, which of the following is an example of cognitive load?A)Memorizing new vocabulary wordsB)Writing a research paperC)Solving math problemsD)Debating with classmatesAnswer: C) Solving math problemsExplanation: Cognitive load refers to the mental effort required to process information. In the context of education, cognitive load can be caused by too much information, too many tasks, or too many demands on working memory. Solving math problems is an example of a task that requires focused attention and mental manipulation, making it a good candidate for causing cognitive load.2.Which of the following is not a component of the Instructional Design Process?A)Assessment of student learningB)Development of instructional strategiesC)Evaluation of teaching effectivenessD)Planning of classroom activitiesAnswer: A) Assessment of student learningExplanation: The Instructional Design Process is a systematic approach to creating effective educational experiences. It includes several key components, such as assessment of student learning, development of instructional strategies, and planning of classroom activities. However, assessment of student learning is not typically considered a part of the design process itself, but rather an ongoing process used to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction.3、When teaching a deductive lesson on the grammar structure “Present Continuous Perfect”, the teacher should:A.Introduce an example sentence and then ask students to identify thestructure.B.Explain the rule of the structure in details, and then provide examplesentences.C.Present a list of examples with various tenses and ask students to identifythe Present Continuous Perfect.D.Have students practice forming and using sentences with the PresentContinuous Perfect in different contexts.答案：B解析：deductive lesson starts with presenting the rule and then provides examples.4、Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a communicative language teaching approach?A. Emphasis on fluency and accuracy.B. Authentic materials and real-world contexts.C. Focus on drills and memorization of grammar rules.D.Collaboration and interaction among learners.答案：C解析：Communicative language teaching (CLT) focuses on meaningful communication and avoids excessive focus on grammar drills and memorization.5.关于英语语法的知识点，下列哪一项描述是正确的？A. 所有动词都有固定的时态形式，不会因主语变化而变化。