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l为了表达说话人强烈的感情色彩或达到语法结构的需要，常采用强调。
应用中，强调常通过强调结构、语法性倒装、修辞性倒装等来体现。
作为修辞手段，省略和替代能使语句简练、紧凑，但往往给学生的理解和选择造成一定的障碍。
在近几年的高考题中省略和替代现象时有出现，而且出错率较高，原因是因为大多数考生对省略和替代的规律不明了。
请注意下面的说明。
I.强调句1.It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语、或状语)，常用强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…原始句：Last night I saw a film in the Y outh Palace.强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Y outh Palace last night.强调宾语：It was a flim that I saw in the Y outh Palace last night.强调地点状语：It was in the Y outh Palace that I saw a film last night.强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Y outh Palace.一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It is…that (who)…;如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was…that(who)…。
另外，还有下面几点需要特别注意：①在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致It is I who am a teacher.②即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数It is they who often help me with my lessons.③在强调时间、地点、原因、或方式状语时，不要用when,where,why或how ，而用thatIt was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.判断方法：将(It is／was)．．．(that／who)…括号中的词同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。
强调句③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…句型的变式It is (was) + 被强调部分+that(who)…句式基本特征：Is/ Was it +被强调部分+that…；或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that…①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronautssucceeded _______ landing on the moon ?A. when; onB. that; onC. when; inD.that; in②Could it be in the restaurant in ______ you haddinner with me yesterday ______ you lost yourhandbag?A. that; whichB. which; thatC. where; thatD. that; where特殊疑问句形式句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be++被强调部分+that…—_______is it _______has made Peter _______heis today?—Determination.A. What; that; thatB. That; that; whatC. What; what; thatD. What; that; what反意疑问句形式句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t/ wasn’t it？It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old manto the hospital, ______?A. do theyB. didn’t theyC. wasn’t itD.was it强调句与其它句型的结合与名词从句的结合句式特征为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。
特殊句式1.特殊句式包括：①强调句①倒装句①省略句①祈使句①感叹句①附加疑问句2．高考考查热点：①强调句中的it和that①特殊句式中的there be①一些常用的固定表达结构高频考点突破考点1倒装句一、完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，置于主语之前。
如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
将下列句子变为倒装句①She didn’t have supper until her mother returned.→Not until her mother returned ．①I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.→Hardly ．①He learned the sad news only after the war.→Only after the war ．①He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.→So clearly ．【答案】1.did she have supper2.do I think it possible to finish the job before dark3.did he learn the sad news4.does he speak English that he can always make himself understood考点2强调句强调句型的基本结构单句语法填空/补全句子①It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house __we saw Lily in the passenger seat.① the noise of the street stopped.直到午夜，街上的嘈杂声才停止。
专题十四强调句和省略句按照考纲要求,考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调,近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用,考查复合句中的强调句式;按照考试大纲的要求,考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略。
强调句一、强调句句型1.陈述句的强调句型:It is / was +被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语+that / who(当强调主语且主语指人+其他部分。
It was on the party that he met one of his old friends.2.一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is / was提到it前面。
Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends?3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词+is / was +it +that / who +其他部分?When and where was it that you were born?I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调主语:It was I (that / who met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调宾语:It was the film star—Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调地点状语:It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star—Jackie Chan yesterday.强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met the film star—Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport.注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that和who不可省略;强调句中的时态通常用两种:一般现在时和一般过去时。
强调句、倒装、省略、替代、it用法热点、考点强调句型、倒装、省略、替代、it的语法【要点点拨】1 强调句型高考命题导向：“It is/was…who/that…”强调句型是重要的句型之一，是高考考查的重点之一。
此句型可强调主语、宾语、状语。
如果强调谓语时，用do/does/did+动词原形。
高考通常考查强调句与几个易混句型连词的使用和强调句的问句。
（强调句型注意事项见下表）【要点点拨】2 倒装英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。
但有时为了强调或平衡句子结构，英语中常用倒装。
倒装句通常有两种基本形式：完全倒装和部分倒装。
将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装；只将助动词，be动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。
一．部分倒装助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如：Neither could he see through your plan.So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.Doesn't her invitation appeal to you1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：I shall never forgive him._______________________我永远不会宽恕他。
He seldom goes out for dinner._______________________ ____他很少出去吃饭。
She hardly has time to listen to music.__________________________________. 她几乎没时间听音乐。
英语语法专题训练——省略句倒装句强调句考点提示：1、句子成分省略的各种情况。
2、由neither，so，only，hardly等词引导的句子倒装。
全部倒装和部分倒装。
3、强调句子成分引起的倒装。
4、强调句型It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who+原句其他部分的用法。
考题测试1. Only when ________ possible to settle the problem.A. does the chief editor come will it beB. the chief editor comes will it beC. has the chief editor come it will beD. the chief editor comes it will be2. The tourists didn’t stop to rest at each station because it _______, them down.A. had slowedB. would slowC. should have slowedD. would have slowed3. ---Did you blame him for his mistakes?---Yes, but I’d rather _______it.A. not doB. not to doC. have not doneD. not have done4. ---This dialogue should ______ a question, not a puzzle.---I am ___________.A. have started with; to blameB. start with; to be blamedC. have started from; to blameD. start from; to be blamed5. __________ when he saw the UFO that he couldn’t move a bit.A. He was frightened enoughB. He was too frightenedC. So frightened he wasD. So frightened was he6. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we _________late.A. would beB. wereC. will beD. would have been7. _________, Dick could not succeed ___________ the driving test.A. However hard he tried; in passingB. No matter how hard he tried; to passC. However he tried hard; in passingD. No matter how he tried hard; to pass8. ---I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident. ---________, let’s go and see him.A. What’s moreB. If soC. Where possibleD. When necessary9. ________ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A. He hardly hadB. Had he hardlyC. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had10. ---Mr. Yang, everything is ready for the meeting.---I’m sorry, I _________ to tell you the meeting had been put off.A. should phoneB. ought to have phonedC. need to phoneD. should have been phoned11. George ________ to San Francisco because I saw him just a moment ago.A. mustn’t have goneB. can’t goC. couldn’t goD. can’t have gone12. ---It was fine yesterday.---________. And a very day for fishing, isn’t it?A. So it wasB. It is soC. So it isD. So is it13. He listened so carefully that not a single word ___________.A. be missedB. did he never missC. did he missD. he never missed14. ---Look, John’s fallen asleep.---Oh, he _________ too late last night.A. might sit upB. should have sat upC. could sit upD. must have sat up15. ---Were all the people in the bus injured in the accident?---No, ________only four passengers who got hurt.A. there wasB. it wereC. it wasD. it seemed16. ---I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.---You ________ your temper but that’s OK.A. have lostB. had lostC. did loseD. were losing17. ---Why didn’t you answer my phone when I phoned you at about 11 p.m. yesterday?---I ________and failed to hear the phone.A. might have sleptB. must be sleepingC. might be sleepingD. must have been sleeping18. So difficult _________ it to live in an English—speaking country that I determined to learn English well.A. I have feltB. have I feltC. I did feelD. did I feel19. Mike, as far as I know, _________like to play music.A. seemsB. appearsC. feelsD. does20. Hardly _________ the animal ________ when it is hibernating.A. had; movedB. did; moveC. does; moveD. has moved21. What he _________, to be frank, please us present.A. does doB. does doesC. do doD. do does22. ---Why didn’t you buy the gold ring?---I _________, but I didn’t have the money.A. wouldB. had boughtC. boughtD. would have23. __________the students were hearing the exciting news!A. How pleasedB. What a funC. How happilyD. What pleasure24. An awful accident ________, however, occur the other day.A. doesB. didC. has toD. had to25. Only when your identity has been checked, _________.A. you are allowed inB. you will be allowed inC. will you allow inD. will you be allowed in答案：1-10 BDDAD DABCB 11-20 DDCDC CDDDC 21-26 BDABD倒装句转练1. ---- Look! There ____.---- Oh, yes, there ____.A.go the fishermen; go theyB. go the fishermen; they goC. are the fishermen going; are goingD. went the fishermen; they went2.Now ____ Wang’s turn to recite the text.A. there isB. is goingC. has comeD. comes3. Seeing many people coming, away ____.A. the thief ranB. run the thiefC. ran the thiefD. did the thief run4. ____ the plane.A. Flew downB. Down flewC. Down was flyingD. Down fly5. Out ____ with a book in his hand.A. he rushedB. rushed heC. did he rushD. he did rush6. ____ all scientists from Asia.A. Were present at the meetingB. Present at the meeting wereC. Are present at the meetingD. Present were at the meeting7. ____ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. GoneB. GoC. To goD. Going8. “Is there anything I can do for you?”, ____.A. Mrs. Brown saidB. did Mrs. Brown askC. Mrs. Brown did askD. asked Mrs. Brown9. Not only ____ interested in football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it.A. the teacher himself is; all his students areB. the teacher himself is; are all his studentsC.is the teacher himself; are all his studentsD. is the teacher himself; all his students are10. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ____with each other.A. they had quarreledB. they have quarreledC. have they quarreledD. had they quarreled11. Only when your identity has been checked, ____.A. you are allowed inB. you will be allowed inC. will you allow inD. will you be allowed in12. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment whenthey had a picnic in the forest.A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring13. I failed in the final examination last term and only then ____the importance of studies.A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize14. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ____ any endto their influence on man’s lives.A. there isB. there areC. is thereD. are there15. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ____such a beautiful palace.A. can you findB. you could findC. you can findD. could you find16. ---- I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible.---- ____.A.Nor am IB. Neither would IC. Same with meD. So do I17. Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.A.so does JohnB. John does tooC. John doesn’t tooD. nor does John18. They have a good knowledge of English but little ____they know about German.A.haveB. didC. hadD. do19.Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.A.has this city beenB. this cityC. was this cityD. this city was20.____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student21.____, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.A.Try as she mightB. As she might tryC. She might as tryD. Might she as try22.Only after my friend came ____.A.did the computer repairB. he repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired23.---- Father, you promised!---- Well, ____. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.A.so was IB. so did IC. so I wasD. so I did24.---- Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.---- ____, and so did I.A.So she hadB. So had sheC. So she didD. So did she25. ____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascarfor further research.A.So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple wereD. The couple was such curious26. In the dark forests ____, some large enough to hold several English towns.A.stand many lakesB. lie many lakesC. many lakes lieD. many lakes stand27. ---- Did Linda see the traffic accident?---- No, no sooner ____ than it happened.A.had she goneB. she had goneC. has she goneD. she has gone28. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ____with my progress.A.the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied29. So difficult ____ it to work out the problem that I decided to askTom for advice.A. I did findB. did I findC. I have foundD. have I found30. ---- I reminded you not to forget the appointment.---- ____.A. So you didB. So I do notC. So did youD. So do I31. ----It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?---- Yes. ____ yesterday.A.So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it32. At the foot of the mountain ____.A.a village lieB. lies a villageC. does a village lieD. lying a village33. Never in my wildest dreams ____ these people are livingin such poor conditions.A.I could imagineB. could I imagineC. I couldn’t imagineD. couldn’t imagine34. Only then ____ how much damage had been caused.A.she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realized35. No sooner ____ at the desk than the telephone rang.A.had he sat downB. did he sat downC. he had sat downD. he sat down36. At the sight of the policeman, ____ from behind the door.A.did the boy rush outB. the boy was rushing outC. out rushed the boyD. rushing out was the boy37. It’s b eyond description. Nowhere else in the world ____such a quiet, beautiful place.A.can there beB. you can findC. there can beD. can find you38. ____ a mobile phone can you ring ____ you want to talk with anywhere.ing; whoeverB. Only on; whomeverC. By; whomeverD. Not only with; whoever39. By the time I saw the angry expression on his face, I ____ exactly what I was having to face. But not for a moment ____ I should quit.A.had known; I thoughtB. have known; had I thoughtC. would know; I would thinkD. knew; did I think40. ---- It was careless of you to have left the house without turning off the gas.---- My god! ____.A. So were youB. So was IC. So did ID. So I did41. Not until Jane got off the bus ____ her wallet missing.A.did she findB. she foundC. didn’t she findD. she didn’t find42. Nowhere else along the coast ____ such shallow water so far from land.A.is thereB. is itC. there isD. it is43.____ I admire David as a poet, I don’t like him as a man.A.Much asB. Only ifC. If onlyD. As much44. Only under special circumstances ____ to take up those tests.A.are freshmen permittedB. freshmen are permittedC. permitted are freshmenD. are permitted freshmen45. ---- I would never trust him again. He let me down.---- ____.A.Nor was IB. So did IC. Neither would ID. So would I46. Not once in the last months ____ for leave because of personal affairs.A.did she askB. she askedC. has she askedD. she has asked47. ____ in health, he insisted on doing the experiment.A.As he was poorB. Poor as he wasC. Poor was heD. Poor he was though48. ____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be49. ____ your letter, I would have started off two days ago.A. If I could have receivedB. If I receivedC. Should I receiveD. Had I received50. ____, I wouldn’t tell her the news.A. Has I been youB. I had been youC. Were I youD. I were you51. ____ for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see films so often.A.If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not答案:1-5 DDCBA 6-10 BADDC 11-15 DBDCA 16-20 BDDAB 21-25 ACCCB 26-30 BADBA 31-35 ABBDA 36-40 CABDD 41-45 AAAAC 46-51 CBBDCC。
特殊句式在写作中的运用之强调句、省略句、全部倒装写作是需要刻意练习的。
想要在这个占全卷总分近17%（旧高考）或27%（新高考）的大题型上有所突破，除了做到“紧扣主题，基本覆盖所有要点，多数句子基本正确，基本达到预期写作目的”之外，还需要“语法结构多样，词汇丰富，句型句式精彩”。
事实上在能写对句子的前提下，恰当适量运用高级词汇和多样化的句式表达，那么达到优秀还是大有可为的。
特殊句式之强调句在写作中的运用：句式：It is / was + 被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ that + 其他强调句微写作练习：1.正是王老师挖掘出了我最好的一面。
（人物介绍话题写作；感谢信）2.我们谴责的正是这些不文明行为。
（倡议书）3.正是参观了这个展览，我才意识到垃圾分类的重要性。
（环保话题写作）4.就是在你的帮助下，我的英语口语才取得了极大的进步。
（感谢信）5.我就是在哈尔滨学会了滑雪。
（记叙文）6.就是这样做，我们才能减少环境污染。
（倡议书；建议信）强调句微写作参考答案：1.It was Miss Wang that/who brought my best out.2.It is these bad behaviors that we are supposed to blame.3.It was not until I saw the exhibition that I realized the importance of garbage classification.4.It was because you helped me that I made great progress in oral English. [= It was with your help that I ....]5.It was in Harbin that I learned skiing.6.It is in this way that we can reduce environmental pollution. [= It is by doing like this that we can ....]省略句微写作练习：1.2022冬奥会如期在北京召开了。
