Nonverbal Communication

1.3 Functions of nonverbal communication
❖ Accenting (emphasizing) – 强调 Nonverbal behavior can punctuate the verbal message through a forceful gesture, raised voice or exaggerated facial expression.
2.3 Body language (body movement or kinesics) --身势语
This area studies posture (the way the body is held), stance (the way of standing), gesture, facial expression, eye behavior, appearance (including clothing, cosmetics, hair style and smell).
❖ Complementing – 补充 Nonverbal behavior can support, but could not replace the verbal message. E.g. A manager may pat his employee on the shoulder when he is very pleased with the employee’s performance to encourage or inspire him. “Pat his employee on the shoulder” is extra information, which plays a complementing role in the communication.

NonverbalCommunication⾮语⾔交际Nonverbal Communication.People often show how they feel without speaking. They use their face and their body. This is called non-verbal communication.It can tell us a lot about how people are feeling. Nonverbal communication, like our verbal language, is also a part of our culture. But not all body language means the same thing in differen t cultures. Different people have different ways of making nonverbal communication. For exampl e, different people have different ideas about the proper distance between people conversing; th e appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures.According to their own national habits, the Arabs believe that in order to be friendly, it should be kept close to each other. However, the British people in accordance with the British habit will be back, because he believes to maintain the appropriate distance is right.In western culture, it is considered rude to touch other people's children.The Japanese pay more attention to the etiquette, when they talk with others, they will lower their eyes. They think it is rude to look at each other.Non-verbal codes are used to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships. In order to avoid embarrassing situations, it is considered more polite or nicer to communicate attitudes towards others non-verbally rather than verbally. The functions of non-verbal communication are as follo ws:1)To express emotions;2) To express interpersonal attitudes;3)To accompany speech in managing the cues of interaction between speakers and listeners;4)Self-presentation of one’s personality;5)Rituals (greetings).In all of the nonverbal communications, eye contact and touching is a very important part. For ins tance, at a bus stops, when people of different sexes involved in conversations, the males often stare at the females' eyes, but the females sometimes look at the males' eyes or look round. What's more, they have a distance between them. But when people of the same sex, to women, t heyoften look at each other and they stand or sit next. Sometimes they hold hands. But to men, they have a normal distance. During greetings and farewells, people look at each other and shack han ds or held themselves in a warm embrace. But the strangers approaching each other have a look at one of them. If they touch each other, they may be not careful.On the other hand, as we all know, gesture is also a very important part of nonverbal communicat ion. Nonverbal gestures usually communicate more than a speaker realizes. Most of our understa nding comes from nonverbal communication. If you fail to gesture while speaking, you may be perceived as boring, stiff and unanimated. Gestures are essential in our daily life. When I observe the usage of gesture on bus, I find out that both men and women use gestures. However, they use it differently. Men appear more relaxed in gesture while women appear more tense between people of different sexes. But women tend to smile and use facial expressions more than men do. Exoscopic people use more gestures than endocentric people between people of the same sex. D uring greetings and farewells, gestures are also used frequently. People often shake hands when t hey meet each other. At the same time, they will wave hands to farewell. People usually use no g esture between total strangers.In conclusion, Men are less comfortable with making eye contact and touching than women. App arently, it has something to do with dominance, power and status. Direct eye contact is a sign of emotion. So, the less eye contact shared, the less emotion. We tend to look more directly into the eyes of someone we like and look less in to the eyes of people we dislike or feel uncomfortable w ith. However women are less comfortable with gesture than men. Women may sometimes feel sh y. So they use less gesture. As a result, it stops them from delivering their opinions fluently. But m en are always skill to use gesture to express themselves. Males and females often do not keep a d istance between them if they have no intimacy. In China, generally people use eye contact to sho w the respect. To some women who are shy, they do not look at others' eyes. If they both are wo men but are not familiar, they may leave a little distance between them. If they are men and are f amiliar to each other, they will have a normal distance. To everyone, they use hands or embrace t o greet and say goodbye. To the strangers, people often feel that the eye contact is strange, and t he touching is abnormal. But, regardless of one’s gender, Ibelieve that if attraction and other stro ng emotions are involved between two people, their ability to interpret nonverbal communicatio n diminishes greatly.There are many practical significance for the analysis of non verbal communication. The understanding of east and west culture can make us establish a good foundation for the communication, and the understanding of the Western non verbal communication can help us to acquaintance the inner activities, thoughts and emotions of the communicators, so that we can gain the common points and interests to make the communication more smoothly.（注：⽂档可能⽆法思考全⾯，请浏览后下载，供参考。

It means No in Iran Aand Turkey.
28
Eye Gestures
• Eye contact indicates attention in America • Staring is rude in Korea, Japan, and Thailand • Eyebrow flash is a sign of flirtation • Wink is a sign of flirtation or shared secret • Dilated eyes indicates fear or anger • Rolling the eyes shows amazement
• Face can pout, grimace, snarl, wince, blush, gape, smirk, glare, frown, etc.
• Face can nod, shake, jerk, tilt, duck, turn.
• Nodding the head up and down means Yes.
A
7
Definition: (1)
• “Metacommunication (beyond
the usual commmunication),
paralinguistics, second-
order messages, the silent
language, and the hidden
dimension of communication.”
A
4
What is being communicated here?
A
5
What type of person is this lady?

非言语沟通重要性英语作文英文回答：Nonverbal communication refers to the way we communicate without using words. It includes body language, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, and tone of voice. Nonverbal communication is a powerful tool that can convey a lot of information about our thoughts, feelings, and intentions. It can be used to express emotions, regulate conversations, and build rapport with others.Nonverbal communication is often more important than verbal communication. In fact, studies have shown that nonverbal cues account for over 90% of the meaning we convey in our interactions. This is because nonverbal communication is more instinctive and less likely to be faked or manipulated. When our words and our nonverbal cues are in conflict, people tend to believe our nonverbal cues.There are many different types of nonverbalcommunication. Some of the most common include:Body language: This includes the way we stand, sit,and move our bodies. Our body language can convey a lot of information about our emotions, confidence, and power. For example, a person who is standing up straight with their shoulders back is more likely to be perceived as confident and powerful than a person who is slouching.Facial expressions: Our facial expressions can conveya wide range of emotions, from happiness to sadness to anger. Facial expressions are often the most obvious formof nonverbal communication. When we are happy, we smile. When we are sad, we frown. When we are angry, we furrow our brows.Eye contact: Eye contact is another important form of nonverbal communication. It can be used to express interest, engagement, and trust. When we make eye contact with someone, it shows that we are paying attention to them and that we are interested in what they have to say.Gestures: Gestures are movements of our hands and arms. They can be used to emphasize a point, indicate direction,or express an emotion. For example, when we wave our hands, it can indicate that we are excited or enthusiastic. Whenwe point our fingers, it can indicate that we are giving someone directions.Tone of voice: The tone of our voice can convey a lotof information about our emotions and intentions. When we speak in a high-pitched voice, it can indicate that we are excited or happy. When we speak in a low-pitched voice, it can indicate that we are sad or angry.Nonverbal communication is a complex and nuanced formof communication. It takes time and practice to learn howto interpret nonverbal cues accurately. However, by paying attention to the nonverbal cues of others, we can gain a deeper understanding of their thoughts, feelings, and intentions.中文回答：非语言交流指的是我们不使用语言进行交流的方式。