What is Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal Communication
Is it possible to communicate without words? Studies show that over half of your message is carried through nonverbal elements: Your appearance Your body language The tone and the pace of your voice.
touching
Touching is experienced in many ways, such as handshakes, pats, and kisses. These touches are used to express various feelings and emotions, either ritual or affectionate. But touching has culturally specific meanings. Different cultures emphasize various ways of touching. According some anthropologists, cultures can be categorized as high contact or low contact, depending on which senses a particular culture stresses. For example, American culture is classified as low contact because there's less touching than in Arabian cultures which are recognized as high contact cultures. And Chinese people use more touching between family members and close friends with whom they have an intimate or very personal relationship, than people in Northern European cultures. In other words, there are different cultural rules of touching in the world.

名词对应。

（Kinesics）：the nonverbal behavior related to the movement of the body or part of the body.（身势）：非言语行为相关的运动身体肌肤上或局部的身体。

（etiquette）：it refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations.(礼仪): 它指的是礼貌和行为认为是可以接受的,在社会和商业管理硕士学位。

(pragmatics)：it is the study of how speakers use the language to reach successful communication, and the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behaviors.(语用学): 它是研究如何说话者可以运用语言达到成功的交际,而且该研究结果的语言对人类的观念和行为。

(power distance):the degree to which power differences are expected and accepted by society.(权力距离): 在何种程度上的力量和接受不同是被期望的社会。

(Values): a learned organization of rules for marking choices and for resolving conflicts.(价值观): 学会组织的规则为标志的选择和解决冲突。

（reverse culture shock）:it refers to the “shock” one experiences upon returning to one’s home culture after growing used to a new one.(反向文化冲击): 它指的是“震惊”一经使用后返回到一个新的增长一对一的家居文化体验。

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Gestures
It mainly studies how people use hands to convey messages.
The same gesture may convey quite different meanings across cultures.
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Point to objects and people
People express their appreciation “well done” with a clap or apology “I’m sorry” with a serious look.
In a Chinese classroom, if the teacher notices a student’s attention begins to wander, he usually would give him / her a glance or a stare without interrupting the lecture.
More than 1,000 postures (Gordon Hewes)
• Standing, bent-knee position, lying
One’s distinctive posture can give away his cultural background.
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Posture
• Touch culture vs. nontouch culture
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Body distance
2-3 m
45-80cm
0-45cm
1.3-3 m
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Cultural variation of body distance

the door side, this accurately reflect
的腿和脚会不停扭动，并使尽力气 伸向房门一侧，这准确地反映出了
on where she wanted to go.
她想要去的地方。
Uncomfortable or unsafe
Want to leave here
Happy
这名男子摆放右腿的方式仿佛是用膝盖 在2人之间架起一道堡垒
•Shrug耸肩
•Scratching their heads 挠头
• Hands clasped in the chest and cross them双手抱于胸前并 交叉
•Arms open, palms up 手臂张开，手掌 向上
•Do not understand what you say, unfortunately 不明白你说的话，无奈
孩子们的脚部动作来验证他们的诚
although the child may not eat a meal.
实度。假设一个孩子正坐着吃饭， 这时要注意观察，当她一心想着要
Parents may ask children stay put, 出去玩时，她的脚是如何摆动的，
when children feet will slowly away from the table. Her body might be
双脚是如何迫不及待地要着地的， 尽管这个孩子可能还没吃完饭。父 母可能会要求孩子保持原位不动，
parents hold, but her legs and feet will 这时孩子的脚会慢慢远离桌子。她
keep twist, and make the strength to 的身体可能会被父母按住，但是她