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基础语法讲义主讲：屠浩民欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材一、简单句和并列句1.简单句的五种形式：（1）主语+谓语(不及物动词）；（2）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语；（3）主语+谓语+宾语+补语；（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；（5）主语+系动词+表语。
两类系动词：①be动词；②一些实义动词用作系动词：feel,taste,smell等；2.并列句：一个句子当中包含两个或更多互不相依存的主谓结构，中间用一些连接词连接起来的句子。
并列句不能只用逗号隔开，而要用连接词连接。
连接词：（1）并列关系句型：连接词有and,as well as,either or，neither nor,not only but also eg:Last year I met kate and we became friends.Either my uncle can do it,or my aunt can do it.（2）转折概念并列句型：转折词有buteg:It has no mouth,but it can talk.（3）对比关系的并列句型：eg:He liked sports,while I would rather collect stamps.练习：2009年6月阅读Cerling s team collected tap water samples from600cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences.（简单句）Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable,but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes.（并列句）简单句和并列句是复合句的基础。
二、句子成分句子六大成分：主谓宾、定状表。
主语、宾语和表语：通常由代词或者名词构成，定语：修饰名词；状语：修饰形容词或者动词；表语：接在系动词后面；（一）.代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
语法基础班讲义（1）主讲：王国清副教授简介：资深考研英语命题研究专家，考研、四六级辅导专家，英语翻译专业硕士，新西兰惠灵顿大学国际经济学博士，多次参加考研及四、六级阅卷工作，全国二十多个省市特邀全程主讲名师，MBA、MPA教育中心首席主讲，2008年北京奥运会赛后新闻发布会同声传译，并从事雅思、托福等多种培训权威指导，培训的学员达数几十万之多，授课效果立竿见影、专业性强、重点突出、激情幽默，著有《考研语法重难点精解》、《考研红宝书英语写作—（图画+话题）180篇》、《考研英语最后五套题》、《考研英语正红版最后两套题》、《考研英语正红版写作重点30篇》、《大学英语四、六级写作宝典》、《大学英语四、六级阅读方法概要》、《大学英语四、六级经典语法指南》等30多部丛书，堪称英语界“语法权威”，翻译界“金牌同传”。
语法，无论是对于英语学习者还是教授者而言，都是最难掌握的问题，而掌握扎实的语法无疑是学好英语的关键，尽管在研究生英语考试中并不直接涉及语法，但阅读理解，写作和翻译等试题无不体现出它的重要性。
然而，市场上种类繁多的语法书籍，大都是内容多而不精，即次重点不分，并且对于在学习过程中，大家共同反映的较有难度的语法，如非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句都未能作出精辟分析，使读者看后仍不知所云。
本着这个目的，我们再次相聚考研讲堂，希望通过两天的深入学习使广大考生对语法有个彻底的了解，在今后考试中遇到相应问题能游刃有余。
一、语法知识回顾（一）基础语法知识1.英语句子的基本句型(Basic Sentence Pattern)（1）主+系+表(SVP)（2）主+谓（不及物动词）(SV)（3）主+谓（及物动词）+宾(SVO)（4）主+谓（及物动词）+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(SVOO)（5）主+谓（及物动词）+宾+补足语(SVOC)2.按照用途句子的分类（1）陈述句(Declarative Sentence)（2）疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)①一般疑问句(General Question)②特殊疑问句(Special Question)③选择疑问句(Alternative Question)④反意疑问句(Tag Question)（详见“考研英语语法重难点精解”中的反意疑问句）（3）祈使句（Imperative Sentence）（4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）3.按照结构句子分类(Division by Structure)（1）简单句（Simple Sentence）只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子称为简单句：（2）并列句（Compound Sentence）用并列连词（或分号、冒号、逗号）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子叫并列句（3）复合句（Complex Sentence）由关联词把一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句联系在一起所构成的句子称为复合句，也称为主从复合句，复合句根据关联词在句中的作用可分为如下类型：①名词性从句（Noun Clause）（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）②状语从句（Adverbial Clause）（详见“考研英语语法重难点精解”中状语从句）（二）重点语法回顾1、主谓一致(Subject-verb Agreement)一致是指句子成份间或词语间必须在人称、数、性等方面保持一致关系，一致这一语言现象在日常应用及各类英语考试中出现较多，最主要的一致关系是主谓一致。
MBA语法与长难句分析第一章句子基本结构1.最基本句子结构：A＋B＋（C）(重在理解！)A系统：名词性。
B系统：唯一性；动词性C部分只有这样三种基本形式：C= N. ，此时B＝Vt.C= N.; Adj; Prep，此时，B＝Link. V.C= 0, 此时B＝Vi请判定一下句子是否是语法正确的句子1)She knew he was still alive, she could hardly speak without weeping.2)There are some people think lucky numbers can bring good luck.3)He committed another mistake made the boss intensely furious.4)Should the university campus be open to tourists has caused a heated debate in China.5)Study English grammar with Stephen was a pleasant experience.6)My biggest headache is memorize so many words a day.2.基本句型A +B +C的转换与扩大3.结构的启示第二章 B与时间：时态1.时态的含义及分类2.现在时态一般现在；现在进行现在完成一般将来现在完成进行将来完成3.过去时态一般过去过去进行过去完成过去将来4.时态的配合1)现在与现在配合；过去与过去配合。
* I saw a lot of people when I am walking along the Wuluo Road.2)一般将来时和一般现在时分别在主从句中I will phone you when I reach the hotel.If it is still hot tomorrow, John will go swimming in the East Lake.3)从句：since…过去时，主句：现在完成时Since the PRC was founded, he has lived here in this shabby house.第三章AC换位：被动语态1.英语句子有两种语态2.vi有被动语态吗？3.被动语态的构成为be＋V-ed4.被动语态有时态变化吗？5.为什么要使用被动语态？6.汉英被动语态的异同7.如何判定被动语态？（重点）：意义法；形式法☞Your PIN will not verify during the deposit transaction. (T or F?)第四章B表示非真实：虚拟语气1.概念虚拟；主观2.分类非真实条件句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气3.非真实条件中句中的虚拟语气1) 条件结果时间一致：主从句谓语形式一览表（简化版）假设主句从句现在的“虚” would + v V-ed（be用were）过去的“虚” would have + v-ed had+ v-ed将来的“虚” would +v should + v/were to v✓In his opinion, England or France would have swallowed the other if there had not been the Chunnel.✓If he had been here, he would have helped you.✓If your letter had come a little earlier, I would have accepted your job offer.2) 条件结果时间不一致：✓If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be well now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)3). 虚拟条件的其他表示：介词短语(with/ without/ but for)；连词（otherwise, or）上下文✓Without your help, we would be still in the dark.4) But for 与if 从句的转换But for his help, we would be still in the dark.= If it were not for his help, ….=if it had not been for his help,….5) if的省略4.宾语从句中的虚拟语气1)用于表示意愿、建议、命令等动词后的that宾语从句中:1）suggest , move propose, desire, advise, recommend,2）request, require, order, command, demand,3）insist, maintain✓They maintain that we should take these steps.✓The new traffic law requires that passengers sitting in the front of the car should wear a seatbelt.两点注意：小练习：The Senator proposed at the conference that all necessary measures ________ (take) to ensure the security of the region.2)表示宁愿wish；would rather✓I would rather they stayed at home waiting.比较：I would rather stay at home waiting.小练习：Who would you rather ___ with you to that fantastic place, Mary or Rose?A) go B) went5.主语从句中的虚拟语气It’s necessary / important / essential/ natural …(should) ＋vit’s better/ advisable/ decided/ demanded/ desired/ suggested/ arranged/ ...(should) ＋vit’s a pity/ shame/ incredible/ strange/ no wonder ... (should) ＋v ✓It is better that we meet some other time.✓It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.注意：It is time + that 从句（用一般过去式或should + 动词原形）✓It’s time we went / should go to bed.注意：此种情况下should v，现在较少用。
IntroductionWhat does grammar study?Grammar is the formal study of the structure of a language and describes how words fit together in meaningful constructions.Grammar (morphology词法+ syntax句法)Grammatical hierarchy: morpheme词素，word, phrase, clause, sentence1. Morpheme词素The smallest grammatical unit. The smallest meaningful element of speech.1.1 Free morpheme自由词素Eg. Boy, desk, kind, give(1)可充当词根，加上词缀后，构成派生词。
Kind --- kindly, kindness, unkind(2)可与其他自由词素结合，构成复合词。
Book --- bookshelf, bookworm, bookshop, bookmark1.2 bound morpheme粘附词素(1) Inflectional affix 屈折词缀Eg. –s –es –’s -ed -ing -er -est(2) Derivational affix 派生词缀Prefix: anti-, post-, co-, pan-, in-Suffix: -less, - ness, -ence, -ment2. Word2.1 Word classification in terms of word-formation(1) Simple word 简单词= 1 free morpheme(2) Derivative word 派生词=root + derivational affixEg. discontent, counterattack, pro-Chinese, subway(3) Compound word 复合词= 2 or more free morphemes.Eg. Deadline, world-famous, something, spotlight, slongside2.2 Word classification in terms of grammatical function (parts of speech)(1) Notional words实意词Noun (n.) Pronoun (pron.) Numeral (num.) Adjective (adj.) Verb (v.) Adverb (adv.)(2) Form words虚词Article (art.) Preposition (prep.) Conjunction (conj.) Interjection (interj.)Note: Determiners 限定词: 放在名词前帮助说明词义的词。
高中英语语法通霸 『2009版 』 序许多学生都对英语感到头疼，虽然努力了几年，但仍感到在原地踏步，甚至感到成绩在倒退。
究其原因，主要是语法没学好。
语法学好，有助于做单选、完形填空、短文改错和书面表达甚至阅读，成绩自然就提高了。
可是现在学生从高一学语法学到高三，题没少做，老师没少讲，可语法知识还是一塌糊涂。
主要原因是知识不系统，缺乏针对性的巩固练习。
市面上大『家”出的语法书，讲地笼统，练习也缺乏针对性。
一些名校出版的复习资料，也只是找一些试题生拼硬凑而成，根本起不到巩固作用。
本书结合高考常考点和学生易混易错点，精选近十年高考题，以语法专题和知识点的形式排列。
针对常考点，先简单讲解，然后给出高考试题中相应知识点的试题进行针对性巩固练习。
学生一看就懂，一做就会。
书中练习不用老师讲解，真正体现了『精讲精练”、『还时间给学生，让学生做课堂的主人”，『以训练为主线”等教学理念。
许多学生做了此资料之后，感到自己英语实现了彻底『逆转”，说，『老师，我现在不再害怕英语了”、『老师，我单选过去对半错，现在能做全对了，而且我书面表达水平现在也提高了很多”。
一些学生毕业后把这资料带到外校甚至大学去用。
相当多的同学建议把它出成书，让更多的学生受益。
本资料原为高三二轮复习资料，但由于题量大，建议从一轮开始就用，反复看，真正实现高三三个轮次复习的系统性。
也可从高一就用，真正做到『三年备考”。
这一本书弄熟之后，你还会怕语法吗？也有同学把此书当作语法词典来查，遇到不会的题，找到相应的知识点，有讲解有针对性的练习，很是方便高效。
为了便于查找相关知识，此次不但更新补充了2009年的高考题，而且设置了详细的目录。
祝愿同学们学习进步，高考金榜题名！————— 编者二零零玖年七月不定冠词a【an】的基本用法 (20)考点1.表示【某一】，相当于a certain (20)考点2.a/an有表示每一个之意 (20)考点3.a, an 的选择 (20)考点4.help, success, honor, must, 可以指人或物 (21)考点5.用在一些专有名词和一些本身前面要用定冠词的名词前 (21)定冠词the 的基本用法 (21)考点1.特指前面提到的人或事 (21)考点2.指谈话对方能体会到的人或事 (22)考点3.指世上独一无二的事. (22)考点4.与序数词和最高级连用. (22)考点5.表示乐器类名词前用定冠词 (23)考点6.the + 比较级用于两者(参看P53考点17) (23)考点7.与形容词或分词连用, 指一类人. (23)考点8.与姓氏复数名词连用, 表示某某一家人，或某某夫妇 (23)考点9.沙漠河流与群山，列岛海峡与海湾。
考研英语语法基础与长难句分析考研英语语法基本规则体系句子的基本成分与语法概述谓语动词和系动词及其变化：时态、语态、情态动词、虚拟语气非谓语动词短语：动词不定式、动名词、分词从句：名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句特殊结构：强调结构、倒装结构、并列结构、分隔结构、特殊语序英语词法概述英语词汇按照词义、词形及其在句子中的功用可分为十大类，即：(一).名词表示人或事物的名称,英文缩写n.。
(二). 代词代替名词或数词,英文缩写pron.。
(三). 形容词表示人或事物的性质和特征, 英文缩写adj.或a.。
(四).副词用来说明动词、形容词或其它副词，英文缩写adv.或ad.。
(五). 数词表示数量或顺序, 英文缩写num.。
(六). 动词表示动作或状态, 英文缩写v.。
(七). 冠词表示名词的泛指或特指, 英文缩写art.。
(八). 介词表示名词或代词与其它词的关系, 英文缩写prep.。
(九). 连词连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子, 英文缩写conj.。
(十). 感叹词表示说话时的感情, 英文缩写interj.。
很多英语单词可能属于不同的词类。
辨认某一单词的词性通常从看它的含义、词形和句法功能上分析。
英语句法概述句子的基本成分句子成分指构成句子、在其中起着不同语法作用的部分。
常见的句子成分有：（一）主语：表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常由名词、代词或与之相当的短语或句子担任。
（二）谓语：说明主语的动作或所处的状态，由动词或动词短语担任。
（三）表语：说明主语的性质、特征、状态、名称或身份等，与连系动词一起使用，由名词、代词和形容词或与之相当的短语或句子担任。
（四）宾词：表示动作的对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词宾语，由名词、代词或与之相当的短语或句子担任。
部分动词，后跟间接宾语和直接宾语，其中，直接宾语一般指动作的对象，间接宾语一般指动作的内容。
（五）补语：补充说明主语或宾语，由形容词、名词或其它相当的短语担任。
MBA/MPA/MPAcc/MEM联考辅导翻译概述与技巧主讲⽼老老师：IRIS部分提供的信息测试要点题量量计分III 英译汉1篇短⽂文(约150词)考查考⽣生理理解所给英语语⾔言材料料并将其译成汉语的能⼒力力。
要求译⽂文准确、完整、通顺。
11513~15分很好地完成了了试题规定的任务。
理理解准确⽆无误；表达顺畅清楚；没有错译、漏漏译。
9~12分基本完成了了试题规定的任务。
理理解基本准确；表达⽐比较通顺；没有重⼤大错译漏漏译。
5~8分未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。
理理解原⽂文不不够准确；表达⽋欠通顺；有明显错译、漏漏译。
0~4分未完成试题规定的任务。
不不能理理解原⽂文；表达不不通顺；⽂文字⽀支离破碎。
命题特点1. 语体特征记叙⽂文或说明⽂文，⽤用词⽐比较正式2. 题材特征⼀一般综合性题材，专业性并不不强3. 句句⼦子特征常有从句句，但⼜又⻓长⼜又难的⻓长难句句不不常⻅见4. 词汇特征基本⽆无⼤大纲范围之外词汇；不不考查⽣生僻的单词，但注意同源却不不同词性的词汇正确的理理解是翻译的基础准确的表达是翻译的⽬目标翻译步骤2016真题The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally — which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.2016真题①The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possiblewithin its doors.②The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, andthe more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy.③And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.④The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000different items, and many carry tens of thousands more.⑤The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of informationoverload.⑥According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quicklybecome too much for us.⑦After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally — which is the point at which we accumulate the50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.① The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.lure v. 吸引，引诱设计超市的⽬目的就是促使顾客花尽可能⻓长的时间在店⼦子⾥里里。
教材教案--2022mba基础班英语讲义2022年管理类联考入学考试辅导教材英语讲义【基础班】教学内容1、系统语法2、突破词汇教学方式1．课堂上会精讲一部分讲义内的词汇题。
2．对语法进行一个系统全面的讲解，并结合题目进行熟化。
（一）句法学习1.句子结构概述句法的本质就是了解如何遣词造句，所以，在学习英语句法中的每一个具体点之前，就很有必要先了解什么是句子。
构成句子的基本元素是词，因此我们就先从英文的基本词类入手。
思考：英语句子结构与汉语句子结构有何不同？试举例！一、基本词类二、句子的基本成分：主语：即句子所陈述的对象。
谓语：表明主语的动作或特点属性的成分。
类型1：由实义动词构成。
HeteacheEnglih.类型2：由系表结构构成。
IamaWebaholic.思考：何谓表语？宾语：即句子中动作的对象。
思考1：一个句子一定要有宾语吗？思考2：一个句子什么时候才会有宾语？定语：思考：什么样的词可以做定语其位置何在？状语：HepeakEnglihwell.Theunrieintheeatandetinthewet.2EinteinwenttoAmericanbecaueHitlerperecutedtheJew.补语：Ifoundthee某planationwrong.Weoftencallhim“Mr.right”.Hediedyoung.Thebottlew afoundempty.三、Hework.Heworkhard.Ilovegrammar.IlikechattingontheInternet.Talkingtoherbringmealotoffun.PutyourhandintheairandgivemeallofyourmoneyBaby,youaredriv ingmecrazy.WholeavethedooropenInternetdatingipopular.Heioyellow.2.练习（一）6．Yourlittledaughteriolovely.7．Don’tlookme!8．Thebabycrie d.9．Ikied.310.Playfootballimyfavoriteport.（二）1．Mybrotherteacheinuniverity.2．Mottudentinmyclalikeplayingche.3．Oldhabitdiehard.4．Ifou ndgrammarintereting.5．Happyfamilieeldomdiffer.6．Latnight,Mr.ClintonapologizedincerelytoHilaryinhioffice.agreementonmeauredtobetakentoafeguardpeace.8.Tomakethingwore ,therewaatrongwind.9.Thepreentquetionithatmanypeopleconiderimpoiblewhatireallyp oibleifeffortimade.11.Mybrother______(have)anewcar.He______(buy) itlatweek.2.BeforeJane______(go)tobed,healway______(bruh)herteet h.3.I______(notgo)tochoolyeterday.I______(tay)athomebecaueI___ ___(notfeel)well.4.WhileI______(read)abook,I______(fall)aleep.6.Joan______already______(finih)herhomework.Nowhe______(play)thepiano.7.Thetudent______(play)footballontheplayground.______they______(play)footballeveryday8.Weoften______(ue)arecorderinourEnglihcla.Butwe______(notue )ittomorrow,becauethere______(be)omethingwrongwithit.9.He______(giveup)mokinglatmonth.He______(notmoke)foraboutamonth.10.Theteachertolduthatthemoon______(look)bright,butit______( have)nolightofitown.Itjut______(reflect)thelightoftheun.4(help)himalotinhiworkthere.14.I______(conider)acceptingyouruggetionatpreent.15.SinceJan uary1tthere______(be)alotofnewtakinthifactory.选择：1.WhenIarrivedathioffice,he______onthephone.A.wapeakingB.pokeC.hadbeenpeakingD.ipeaking2.Sendforadoctorquickly.Theoldman______.A.willdieB.idyingC.dieD.died3.“Didyoucheckyourpaper”“No,I ______itforfivehour.”A.havecheckedB.havecheckC.amcheckingD.checked4.“Hamyonworkedhardthiterm”“Oh,ye,he ______hibetnow.”A.hatriedB.itryingC.trieD.keeptrying5.I______mybreakfatwhenthemorningpotcame.A.hadB.hadbeenhavingC.havebeenhavingD.wahaving6.Nobodylikehimbecauehe______other.A.ialwaycriticizingB.alwaycriticizeC.doealwaycriticizeD.haalwaycriticized7.It_______4yearinceI_____mycountry.A.habeen…leftC.i…leftB.habeen…haveleftD.i…haveleft8.Nowadayfitneagenerallyacceptedprincipleoflife.5。
太奇2011MBA基础一班英语专题一讲义太奇2011MBA基础一班英语专题一讲义一、选择1. Hardly _____ when the bus suddenly pulled away.A. they had got to the bus stopB. they got to the bus stopC. did they get to the bus stopD. had they got to the bus stop2. It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on time.A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in3. ___ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind to leave withhim___ happens.A. whatever; whateverB. No matter what; whateverC. No matter what; No matter whatD. Whatever; however4. With temperature ___ so rapidly, we could not go on with the experiment.A. fellB. fallC. fallingD. fallen5. If the work ___ by the end of this month is delayed，the construction company will be heavily fined．A. is completedB. to be completedC. will have been completedD. will be completed6. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants ___ in the wild．A. once they grewB. that once grewC. they grew onceD. once grew7. I must remember ____ John that the garden needs watering.A.remindedB. to remindC. remindingD. to be reminded of8. Not until recent years ___ a popular means of communication．A. e-mail becameB. e-mail has becomeC. did e-mail becomeD. will e-mail become9. It is no use his ___ there ; the situation is hopeless now.A. to goB. to be goingC. goingD. have gone10. ___ urgent the situation may be, you will need to make one change at a time, and then move on.A. AsB. WheneverC. HoweverD. Whatever11.Whom would you rather ___ with you, Gorge or me?A. to goB. have goneC. have goD. going12. Many a student _____ great progress in study.A. have madeB. makeC. has madeD. are making13. The number of students in this class _____ forty.A. areB. wereC. isD. have been14. Ten thousand dollars _____ a lot of money.A. isB. areC. meanD. are thought15. Not only the children but also their father _____ in town．A. isB. wereC. areD. have been16. Seventy percent of the students here _____ from the countryside.A. isB. areC. comesD. has come17. Only when you have finished your homework _____ go home.A. can youB. would youC. you willD. you can18. The police _____ looking for the lost boy.A. isB. areC. beD. will be19. It is requested that all the students ___ present at the meeting tomorrow．A. wereB. will beC. areD. be20. Some of the experiments ____ in the book are easy to perform.A. describingB. to be describedC. describedD. to describe二、翻译1. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than theirB type fellows.2. Ignorance matters only when it leads to faulty judgments, but fear of imaginary environmental problems can divert political energy from dealing with real ones.3. It is application of human ingenuity that has boosted food production, not merely in line with, but ahead of, population growth.。
MBA英语语法—关联·整合·应用一．MBA联考英语考试大纲2010版语法内容分类一）语法：1. 句法：（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等），[状语从句]，强调句型；（8）倒装句2. 词法：1）名词、代词的数和格；（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级；（4）连接词（连接-句法）；动词：（2）动词的时态、语态；（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）；（6）虚拟语气；*动介/副词短语搭配(1300)3. 语篇：阅读、写作；文体，话题；结构，语言，逻辑，思维二）词汇较熟练地掌握常用词汇5700个，1300个常用词组二．MBA语言学习资源和MBA 英语语法复习计划（基础）■资源：〉〉必要的语法学习参考书（用一种即可）1. 李俊峰《大学英语语法讲座和练习》航空版（考试虫）;2. 张道真《最新实用英语语法》外研社3. 张满胜《英语语法新思维》（上中下）世知版；4.张满胜《2010考研英语语法新思维》（中高级）群言〉〉方法：郑赞荣[韩]《千万别学英语》；钟道隆《逆向法学英语》〉〉视听：资源→外语:、听力VOA...，英文期刊、报纸，词汇听力或自己购买普特英语听力〉〉词典：Collins Cobuild Advanced Dictionary, OLAD, LDOCE, Desktop Dic：Lingoes灵格斯翻译家，有道■MBA 英语语法复习计划（基础串讲要点，需要配合语法专书的学习和练习巩固，结合阅读）第一讲句法—单句-复句-连接词；主谓一致-强调句型；倒装--副词□√第二讲动词—时态-语态-虚拟语气；□√—非谓语动词；词汇学习的重点□第三讲词汇：名形—名词-代词；形容词-副词□第四讲整合知识，综合应用-词、句、段、篇的整合与表达[贯穿在语法学习中]第一讲句法:单句-复句-连接词-主谓一致-强调句型一．知识系统导图图1一．词类Parts of speech1．实词[notional word]：有完整词汇意义的词。
单独充当句子成分，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词。
2．虚词[form word]：没有完整的词汇意义，但有语法或功能意义的词。
包括冠词、介词、连词、叹词。
还有助词、象声词。
◇限定词(determiner):数词,冠词,量词等在新的语法研究中也被归为限定名词的新词类，即限定词。
二．句子Sentence句子是语篇之下的语法结构，是人们进行交际、表达思想的最小语言单位。
由不同词类的单词按照一定的语法规则有机地组合在一起，表达一个完整的意思。
1．句子语法成分：一个句子各个不同语法功能的部分为句子成分（9种）主干成分--主语，谓语，宾语，辅饰成分--表语，补语，定语，状语，同位语，插入(解释)语三．基本句型图2【练习1】分析下列各个句子的句法成分，确定其中的主、从句并写出从句类型，并将其译成中文1. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us.2. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.3. Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by Machiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye’s new book.4. Mr. Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of America’s National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of “soft power”, based on persuasion and influence, as a counterpoint to “hard power”, based on coercion (强迫) and force.5. Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres.6. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls “smart power”, is the best approach.7. Anyone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr. Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume.46. Directions：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)“Sustainability”has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Bounder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, “Just wait, you’ll turn the corner, give it some time.”■英语句子的应用规则一．句子的助动词（Auxiliary verb）助动词是帮助动词构成某种时态、语态、情态或某种表达方法的辅助词，与动词一起构成句子的谓语。
它们与动词的现在分词、过去分词或不定式结合，帮助构成各种动词时态和语气；be的各种形式与动词的过去分词结合构成被动语态；情态助动词与动词结合表达动词的许可、请求、命令、推断、猜测、委婉等情态意义；帮助构成句子的否定、疑问和语气等。
助动词是英语句子谓语重要组成部分，更是正确清楚表达意思不可或缺的部分，学习时要特别注意句子表达中助动词的运用。
根据其在句子中的作用，助动词主要分两类：1.结构功能助动词(Functional auxiliary verb)；2.情态助动词（Modal verb）。
1．结构功能助动词(3个）结构功能助动词包括BE, HA VE 和DO。
它们的变化形式如下表所示：助动词不定式现在式过去式过去分词进行式be am, is, are was, were been beinghave has, have had haddo do, does did done通过不同形式来表达否定、疑问，语态，时态，语气等。
2. 情态助动词（Modal verb，19个）情态助动词（7组17个）半情态助动词（3个）dare；needcan，could，be able to；may，might；must，have to；will，would，used to；shall，should，ought to；had better，would rather；may as well, may well上表中所列是常用情态助动词。
情态助动词不能单独作谓语。
与动词原形（或变形）一起构成谓语，来表达能力、许可、可能、义务、推测等语义。
其中部分有过去式，但没有不定式或分词形式，不能用于进行时态。
二．句子的一致性（Agreement）1. 主谓一致；2．人称指代一致（名词、代词）（第二讲）；3．谓语动词时态一致（第三讲）三．简单句句子主语通常是名词/词组，其结构形式是一般都是“（限定词＋修饰语＋）名词中心词”。
谓语的结构形式变化比较多。
其多样性决定于不同类型的谓语动词。
