重庆医科大学研究生英语写作与翻译复习

福利来啦！重庆翻译硕士各科如何备考？新一批考研大军已然出发，但是大家的步伐有快有慢。

不少考研党，现在还处于迷茫状态，因为在专业院校的选择上存在困惑而焦虑、沮丧，甚至打起了退堂鼓。

没有明确的目标，就不知道该朝哪个方向努力。

久而久之，可能会失去动力，中途放弃。

重庆是西南地区文化、商贸、金融中心之一。

重庆还是中国整个西部最大的工业城市。

该城经济发达，是推动西部大开发的主要力量。

这样一个无比吸引人的地方，无疑让许多人们愿意留在这，成家立业。

那在日常生活中，人们会不会需要了解一下考研呢？考研这点事，外行看热闹，内行看门道。

对于一些相关经验，还是听老师傅的~翻译硕士这个专业有别于其他专业，因为凡是招考翻译硕士的学校，都是自主命题，这就要求同学们在复习之前首先要确定好目标院校，如果盲目地复习，到头来可能发现自己的复习方向与目标院校背道而驰，所以尽早确定学校是要做的第一件事。

确定好目标院校之后就是针对各个科目进行有计划的复习。

政治、基础英语、翻译基础、汉语写作与百科知识，大家都要安排和规划好复习时间。

今天新东方在线全国研究生入学考试研究中心为大家详细解析如何规划和把握基础英语、翻译基础、汉语写作与百科知识的复习。

一、基础英语对于英语专业的学生来讲，这一科目并不是很难，四年的学习已经有了一定的基础，但是也不可轻敌。

基础英语主要考察三项内容，词汇语法+阅读理解+英语写作，而题型根据不同的院校，形式稍微有所不同，词汇语法：选择or改错；阅读理解：选择or简答；写作：命题作文。

词汇与语法这一部分，有的学校考察专八内容，有的学校考察GRE内容，所以在备考时首先要掌握词汇，其次是语法，尤其是对于长难句的拆分和理解，新东方在线建议同学们复习一下所有的语法知识，查缺补漏，攻克薄弱环节。

阅读理解对于大家来讲都是老江湖，之前对于词汇和语法的复习也是为阅读和写作打下了基础，可以练习专业阅读，每天坚持练，熟悉每一种题型，主旨大意，细节理解，推理判断，观点态度等等，掌握每一种题型的答题技巧，这样在后期冲刺中才会提升速度。

10. conversely B. 1. B 2.A 3. A 4.B 5. A 6. A 7. A 8.D 9.B 10.C III. Close 2. partially 3. linked 5. positive 10. increases 9. Impact 1. management 8. tolerance 7. relieve 4. builds 6. Reaction Unit 13 II. V ocabulary and Structure: 1. insinuate 2. amplify 3. exploit 4. detained 5. misconstrued 6. inherent 7. predisposition 8. harbor 9. accommodate 10. around the clock 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D Cloze: 8. declining 2. brought on 10. raise 5. predecessors 9. to 3. Although 4. determinant 7. flood 1. overtaxed 6. Moreover Unit 15 V ocabulary and Structure 1. formula 2. otherwise 3. recesses
4. cohesion 5. addiction 6. nourish 7. disperse d 8. convert…into 9. hitchhike 10. makes… sense. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D Cloze 10. dispute 2. alternative 6. sestyle 8. on behalf of 7. corruption 5. opportunity 4. vision 9.look forward to

Unit 3参考译文：亚洲开发银行的大湄公河次区域合作规划项目[1] 大湄公河次区域是亚洲开发银行（亚行）的创意，它最初由五个国家和一个省份组成-他们分别是柬埔寨王国，缅甸联邦，泰王国，越南社会主义共和国，老挝人民民主共和国和中华人民共和国的云南省。

[2] 大湄公河次区域是一个拥有巨大经济潜力和丰富自然资源的区域。

七千多万的人民生活在湄公河流域，整个次区域将近两亿六千万人。

大湄公河次区域也经历了世界上最快的经济增长率。

尽管贫穷，环境的恶化和人力资源的缺乏以及不同的社会发展和治理结构阻碍了可持续和公平发展。

自六个成员国于1992年开始合作以来，大湄公河次区域经历了空前的整合进程。

通过国际组织，非政府组织和私人投资的资金支持和多边合作，大湄公河次区域经历了经济的迅速发展。

然而直至，大湄公河次区域的整合主要是通过国际组织，尤其是亚行和外国政府的资金从外部的驱动。

为了在六个成员国达到真正意义上的整合和合作，创立新的大湄公河次区域精神是很有必要的。

在最初开始的15年后，该区域的双边和多边合作进一步增强，其公民的认同感也进一步加深，这一切将为历史上麻烦不断的区域提供长期的和平及可持续发展铺平道路。

大湄公河次区域的资源[3] 大湄公河次区域的自然资源极为丰富，他们都是上天的馈赠。

陆地上有木材，矿产品，煤和石油，来自许多河流的水支撑着农业和渔业并与水电的方式提供能源。

该区域煤的储量也极为丰富，还有大量的石油和天然气。

这些资源的储量大多分布在缅甸，泰国和越南。

这些丰富的能源资源还未被开发使用。

该区域的大多数人们的存活之道仍然是农耕式的生活方式。

[4] 大约三亿的人们居住在此区域，他们最普通的联系纽带就是在他们中间蜿蜒穿行4200公里的这巨大的湄公河。

居住在该区域的大多数农民仍然过着农耕或者半农耕的生活方式。

例如，在老挝超过75%的人口是农村人。

在大多数湄公河沿岸国家中的都市中，仍然保留有很多的农业社区，尤其是在这些个国家的北部和东北部，即便是在泰国也如此。

医学考研英语二作文模板Medical Postgraduate Entrance Exam English Writing Template。

Title: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine。

Introduction:In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly integrated into various aspects of medicine, revolutionizing healthcare practices. This essay will explore the significant role of AI in medicine, focusing on its applications, benefits, and potential challenges.Body:1. Applications of AI in Medicine:Diagnosis and Treatment: AI algorithms can analyze medical images, such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans, withhigh accuracy, assisting doctors in diagnosing diseaseslike cancer, tuberculosis, and neurological disorders.Drug Discovery: AI accelerates drug discovery processes by predicting molecular structures, identifying potential drug candidates, and optimizing drug design, leading to faster development of novel therapies.Personalized Medicine: AI algorithms analyze patient data, including genetic information, medical history, and lifestyle factors, to tailor treatment plans specific to individual patients, improving treatment efficacy and reducing adverse effects.Health Monitoring: Wearable devices equipped with AI algorithms monitor vital signs, detect abnormalities, and provide real-time feedback, enabling early intervention in chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension.2. Benefits of AI in Medicine:Enhanced Accuracy: AI systems can analyze vastamounts of medical data with precision, reducing diagnostic errors and improving treatment outcomes.Efficiency: AI automates routine tasks, such as data entry and image analysis, allowing healthcare professionals to focus more on patient care and complex medical decisions.Cost Reduction: By streamlining processes and improving efficiency, AI has the potential to reduce healthcare costs, making medical services more accessible and affordable.Improved Access to Healthcare: AI-powered telemedicine platforms enable remote consultations and diagnosis, overcoming geographical barriers and providing healthcare access to underserved populations.3. Potential Challenges and Concerns:Data Privacy and Security: The use of AI in medicine raises concerns about patient data privacy and security, as sensitive medical information becomes vulnerable tobreaches and misuse.Ethical Issues: Ethical dilemmas arise regardingAI's decision-making capabilities, such as determining treatment plans or allocating medical resources, raising questions about accountability and transparency.Bias and Discrimination: AI algorithms may reflect biases present in the training data, leading to disparities in healthcare delivery, particularly for marginalized communities.Human Displacement: There are concerns that AI automation may lead to job displacement among healthcare workers, requiring careful management and retraining strategies.Conclusion:In conclusion, artificial intelligence holds immense potential to transform medicine, revolutionizing diagnosis, treatment, and healthcare delivery. Despite the challengesit presents, the benefits of AI in medicine are undeniable, offering improved accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility. As AI continues to advance, it is crucial to address ethical, legal, and societal implications to ensure its responsible and equitable integration into healthcare systems worldwide.Word Count: 512 words。

目录2020年重庆医科大学211翻译硕士英语考研精品资料 (2)2020年重庆医科大学306临床医学综合能力（西医）考研精品资料 (4)2020年重庆医科大学307临床医学综合能力（中医）考研精品资料 (6)2020年重庆医科大学308护理综合考研精品资料 (8)2020年重庆医科大学349药学综合考研精品资料 (10)2020年重庆医科大学352口腔综合考研精品资料 (13)2020年重庆医科大学353卫生综合考研精品资料 (17)2020年重庆医科大学357英语翻译基础之实用翻译教程考研精品资料 (19)2020年重庆医科大学432统计学考研精品资料 (21)2020年重庆医科大学611生物综合考研精品资料 (23)2020年重庆医科大学613药学综合A考研精品资料 (25)2020年重庆医科大学614药学综合B考研精品资料 (28)2020年重庆医科大学615马克思主义基础理论考研精品资料 (32)2020年重庆医科大学616管理综合考研精品资料 (34)2020年重庆医科大学701中医综合之中药学考研精品资料 (36)2020年重庆医科大学802生物化学考研精品资料 (38)2020年重庆医科大学803有机化学考研精品资料 (40)2020年重庆医科大学806思想政治教育学原理考研精品资料 (42)2020年重庆医科大学211翻译硕士英语考研精品资料说明：本套考研资料由本机构多位高分研究生潜心整理编写，2020年考研初试首选资料。

一、重点名校考研真题汇编及考研大纲1．重点名校：翻译硕士英语2017-2018年考研真题汇编（暂无答案）说明：本科目没有收集到历年考研真题，赠送重点名校考研真题汇编，因不同院校真题相似性极高，甚至部分考题完全相同，建议考生备考过程中认真研究其他院校的考研真题。

2．重庆医科大学211翻译硕士英语考研大纲①2017年重庆医科大学211翻译硕士英语考研大纲。

②2018年重庆医科大学211翻译硕士英语考研大纲。

E-weekly Un it 1 Why mom gets roses, and dad a c o llec t c all(为什么妈妈得到玫瑰,而爸爸得到的却是“对方付费电话”)美国人在母亲节和父亲节都会庆祝。

然而，在这两个场合中，父亲和母亲从孩子那儿收到的礼物却不相同。

这篇文章研究了差异背后的问题。

Let‟s fac e it: ther e‟s someth ing ab out a s ilk t ie th at strang les sent im ent.我们要面对这样一个事实：有些东西就像丝带一样，扼制了我们的情感表达。

Where as Ma y overf low s w ith tender t okens for mom-m easure d by th e 150 million gre et ing c ards an d the w ire-ja mm ing lo ng-d istanc e t e lep hone c a lls--de arold dad g ener a lly w ill mak e do w it h muc h less this Sun day. As man y dads kn ow, Father‟s Day is the No.1 d ay for c o llec t c a ll—and for proud ly mode ling a newglow-in-th e-dark footb a ll t ie.尽管母亲节使五月充满了温情的礼物，包括1亿5千万张贺卡和多得使线路堵塞的长途电话，但亲爱的老爸在这个周日却要凑合着少得多的纪念品。

许多父亲都知道，父亲节是“对方付费电话”最多的一天，也是父亲们骄傲地展示一条新的、会在暗处发光的足球领带的最多的一天。

Eve n if dads do n‟t mind, the F ather‟s Day/Mo ther‟s D ay d isc repa nc y noneth e less speaks to soc iet y‟s view s on parenthoo d and fat her‟s role in ra is in gc hildren. “ t he “gag g ifts” assoc iat ed w ith F ather‟s Day ref lec t the profoun damb iva lenc e（正反感情并存）that our c ulture fe e ls about e mot ion a l c onnec t ionsto fathers,”says Sc ott Co ltr ane, a soc io log ist at the Un iv ersity of Ca lif orn ia at Rivers ide.虽然父亲们并不在意，但父亲节和母亲节的差异依然说明了社会对于父母身份和父亲在抚养孩子中的角色的看法。

重庆医科大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试考试大纲211翻译硕士英语一、考试性质《翻译硕士英语》为翻译硕士研究生入学考试规定科目之一，是测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试的目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。

试题难度相当于英语专业八级考试。

二、考查目标考查学生英语语言的综合运用能力、语言文化欣赏知识的了解、对不同文体和修辞手段的认识以及写作实践能力。

考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。

要求考生具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配；熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识；具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。

考试中不得使用工具书。

三、考试形式和试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

（三）试卷内容结构词汇语法约占10%完形填空约占10%阅读理解约占40%翻译约占25%英语写作约占15%（四）试卷题型结构本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。

词汇语法（单项选择题）第1－20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

完形填空（单项选择题）第21－30小题，每小题1分，共10分。

阅读理解题（单项选择题）第31－50小题，每小题2分，共40分翻译题（主观题）第51题，共25分。

英语写作（主观题）第52题，共15分四、考查内容（一）词汇语法知识积极词汇及其常用搭配，英语语法、结构、修辞等知识。

（二）完形填空根据语境进行分析推理、语篇水平上的理解能力和实际运用语言的能力，运用语言补全所缺失信息的能力。

（三）阅读理解常见英语百科全书或其他工具书上的词条、英语通俗杂种上的文章、历史传记及文学作品评论或介绍等文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。

Self-introduction自我介绍Name：William Shakespeare Graduated University：×××××××××××Major：English Literature Admission Time：20XX-09-01—20XX-06-30Telephone：+86×××××××(MP)E-mail：520521××××@（后附范文5篇及10类常见问题解答,总有一个适合你！）20XX年XX月XX日目录范文一（英文） (3)范文一（中文） (3)范文二（英文） (3)范文二（中文） (3)范文三（英文） (3)范文三（中文） (3)范文四（英文） (3)范文四（中文） (3)范文五（英文） (3)范文五（中文） (3)十类常见问题解答 (3)（一）"What can you tell me about ......?".. (3)（二）"What would you like to be doing......?" .. (3)（三）"What is your greatest strength ?" (3)（四）"What is your greatest weakness?" (3)（五）"How do you feel about your progress to date?" (3)（六）行为面试问题 (3)（七）压力面试问题 (3)（八）案例面试问题 (3)（九）非常规问题 (3)（十）其他常见的英语面试问题 (3)范文一（英文）--适合医学、理、工、农、艺、政治经济学相关专业Good afternoon dear professors, my name is ××, it is really a great honor to have a chance for this interview.Now I‟ll introduce myself briefly. I am ××years old, born in ××province.I received my bachelor degree in 20××, supervised by Professor ××, in ××University.I have been interested in scientific research. In the past few years, I published more than ××（5）papers about numerical methods for the fractional PDE. Furthermore, I am participating in the research of two projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation. At the same time, I undertake a lot of teaching loads, more than ××（200）periods each year.However, with the time going on, the more I studied and experienced, the clearer I realized that I really need study further. Thus, I began to prepare for ××（the doctor‟s entrance examination）. Owing to my hard work, I passed the first examination. If I am given the chance of further study, I will work hard to enrich my knowledge and make myself to be a well-qualified ××（doctor）.I am very easy to get on with, so I have lots of friends. Sometimes I prefer staying alone, reading, surfing the internet to gain some latest news of my profession, also, I‟m keen on ××（playing basketball）.。

重庆市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学经典作品梳理一、简介英美文学是研究英国和美国文化、历史和社会的重要组成部分。

在考研复习过程中，掌握英美文学经典作品的内容和特点对于提升英语水平和获得高分非常重要。

本文将对英美文学经典作品进行梳理，帮助考生更好地理解和复习相关知识。

二、英国文学经典作品1.《哈利波特与魔法石》该系列小说由J.K.罗琳创作，以魔法为主题，讲述了孤儿哈利波特在霍格沃茨魔法学校的冒险故事。

这部作品在世界范围内获得了极高的评价，影响深远。

2.《傲慢与偏见》简·奥斯汀的代表作之一，以19世纪英国乡村生活为背景，描写了女主角伊丽莎白·班内特与达西先生之间的爱情故事，涉及社会等级、尊严和偏见等主题。

3.《双城记》查尔斯·狄更斯的作品之一，以法国大革命为背景，描写了伦敦和巴黎的社会动荡。

该作品通过复杂的人物关系和聚焦社会问题，反映了独特的历史背景和人性。

4.《哈姆雷特》威廉·莎士比亚的经典戏剧作品，讲述主人公哈姆雷特在王位继承权争夺和家族复仇之间的挣扎。

作品涉及权力、复仇和疯狂等主题，是莎士比亚最具影响力的作品之一。

三、美国文学经典作品1.《雾都孤儿》查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作之一，以孤儿奥利弗的命运为主线，展现了贫困和社会不公等问题。

作品呈现出对社会不公的批判和对孤儿的关爱，揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面。

2.《傲慢与偏见》简·奥斯汀的作品在英国文学中有很高的地位，同样也在美国文学中备受关注。

该作品以伊丽莎白·班内特为主人公，通过对社会等级和婚姻观念的嘲讽，展示了女性独立进取的形象。

3.《老人与海》海明威的代表作之一，讲述了古巴老渔夫桑地亚哥与一条大马林鱼搏斗的故事。

作品中通过对人与自然、追求和勇气的描写，呈现了海明威独特的写作风格和思想主张。

4.《了不起的盖茨比》弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的作品，描写了20世纪20年代美国的繁荣和社会问题。

重庆医科大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试考试大纲357英语翻译基础一、考试性质本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试的范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英汉两种语言转换的基本技能。

二、考试目标要求考生具备一定中外文化、政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识、扎实的英汉两种语言基本功、以及较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。

三、考试形式和试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

（三）试卷内容结构考试的内容分为词语翻译与英汉互译两部分。

词语翻译部分的主要内容为：中英文术语、缩略词或专有名词翻译。

（30分）英汉互译部分的主要内容为：把所给的英语文章翻译为中文（60分），中文文章翻译为英语（60分）；文章内容涉及中国和英语国家的社会、文化等背景知识。

（四）试卷题型结构1．30个汉英术语、缩略语或专有名词翻译，汉语、英文各15个，每个1分，共30分。

2．文章翻译：英译汉为250-350个单词，60分；汉译英为150-250个汉字，60分。

四、考试内容（一）总论1. 翻译的定义2. 翻译的目的3. 翻译的标准4. 翻译的条件（二）语义的翻译1．理解中的选义2．表达中的选词3．翻译中的灵活性4．翻译中的多样性5．直译与意译（三）词法翻译1．对等译法2．具体译法3. 抽象译法4. 增词译法5. 省词译法6．合同译法7．转性译法8．换形译法9．褒贬译法（四）句法翻译1．换序译法2．转句译法3．新句译法4．合句译法5．缩句译法6．转态译法7．正反译法（五）成语与翻译1．英语成语汉译2．汉语成语英译3．翻译中汉语四字格的使用 4．翻译中英语成语的使用 5．谚语的翻译6．惯用语的翻译7．歇后语英译8．俚语的翻译（六）辞格与翻译1．直译法明喻暗喻拟人夸张讳饰转喻逆升逆降反语跳脱排比设问反问2．意译法拟声对偶断取脚韵折数同字双关顶真统括列锦拈连精警借代倒装摹形反复3．弥补法联边头韵转品歇后回文别解换义镶字析字析词叠字仿词紧缩。

重庆市考研复习资料翻译技巧与练习为了应对考研中的英语翻译题，提前准备相关资料并掌握翻译技巧对于考生来说是非常重要的。

在这篇文章中，将为大家提供一些重庆市考研复习资料翻译技巧与练习的建议。

一、熟悉翻译考试题型在复习过程中，首先需要熟悉各种类型的翻译考试题目。

翻译题型多种多样，例如英译汉、汉译英、句子翻译、篇章翻译等。

针对每种题型，都需要掌握相应的翻译技巧。

翻译题型的复习过程中，可以通过模拟真实考试环境进行练习，提高应试能力。

二、积累翻译词汇与短语在翻译过程中，词汇的理解和运用是非常关键的。

建议考生通过积累翻译常用的词汇与短语，扩大自己的词汇量。

可以通过阅读英语原著、文献、报纸等方式进行积累，并注重积累专业领域的词汇与短语。

同时，需要了解词汇的使用场景和语境，以便在翻译中准确无误地表达。

三、注重语法与句式练习语法和句式在翻译中起到了决定性的作用，因此考生需要重视语法与句式的学习和练习。

可以通过刷题、做练习册、参考语法书籍等方式进行练习。

特别是针对英语中的复杂句和长难句，应该进行有针对性的练习，提高自己解读和处理句子的能力。

四、了解文化背景与专业知识翻译不仅仅是对文字的转换，还需要对文化背景和专业知识有一定的了解。

在翻译过程中，考生需要了解原文的文化背景、社会背景、专业知识等方面的内容。

翻译时要注意原文的特定用语、语言风格以及惯用表达方式，以便准确地传达原文的含义。

五、多做题、多练习在复习过程中，多做题、多练习是提高翻译能力的有效途径。

可以选择一些翻译练习册、真题进行练习，或者参加一些翻译考试模拟题的训练班。

通过反复练习，可以提高自己的翻译速度和准确性，并对各种类型的题目有更好的把握。

总之，在重庆市考研复习过程中，重视英语翻译的准备与练习是非常重要的。

通过熟悉各种题型、积累翻译词汇与短语、注重语法与句式练习、了解文化背景与专业知识，并通过大量做题与练习来提高翻译能力，相信大家一定能够在考试中取得好成绩。

医学考研英语二作文模板英文：As a medical postgraduate student, I have always been interested in the field of medicine. The medical entrance exam in English II is a great opportunity for me to showcase my knowledge and skills in both English and medicine. In the exam, I will be able to demonstrate my understanding of medical terminology, as well as my ability to communicate effectively in English.In the medical field, it is crucial to have a strong command of English, as it is the universal language of medicine. For example, when communicating withinternational colleagues or presenting research at conferences, fluency in English is essential. Additionally, many medical journals and research papers are written in English, so being able to understand and interpret these materials is crucial for staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in the field.Moreover, being able to effectively communicate with patients in English is also important. As a doctor, it is important to be able to explain complex medical concepts in a way that patients can understand. This requires not onlya strong grasp of medical terminology, but also the ability to convey empathy and reassurance in a foreign language.中文：作为一名医学研究生，我一直对医学领域很感兴趣。

1.Civilization was not crushed by World War 2, and the debris provided the incentive to build a way of life again—and this time to try to build it better. To a degree previously unheard of and perhaps unimaginable, the citizens of the 20th century felt free, or even fated, to reinvent themselves. In that task they were assisted by two profound developments, both of them conceived, oddly enough, before the Great War begin. A Viennese physician named Sigmund Freud altered the way people would come to see themselves, their emotions, desires and dreams. And a gentle German-born patent examiner named Albert Einstein thought up an entirely new shape for reality itself—and opened the door to the Bomb.文明没有因为二战而摧毁，战争留下的废墟激发人们重新建立新的生活方式，这一次要建造更好的生活。

20世纪的人们感到前所未有，可能是从未想象过的自由或使命感，去重新塑造自己。

在重塑的过程中，他们得益于两次重大的进步，令人奇怪的是，这两次重大进步都是在一战之前孕育的。

重庆医科大学招收攻读博士学位研究生英语试题（样题）考试时间：3小时Part I Vocabulary (10 points)Section A (5 points)Directions: In each item, chose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. Mark out your choice on the answer sheet with asingle line through the center.1.The public usually regards the theory of public opinion as controversial. ba. practicalb. disputablec. reasonabled. soluble2.The serious illness deprived him of his sight and the use of his leg. aa. robbedb. excludedc. disabledd. gripped3.If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mocking bird initiates a set of actions to protect itsoff-spring. ba. hastensb. triggersc. devisesd. releases4.The flowers on the table were a manifestation of the child’s love for his mother. aa. a demonstrationb. a combinationc. a satisfactiond. an infestation5.Handling preschooler s’ fears is often of understanding their fantasies. da. behaviorb. habitc. hobbyd. imagination6.The devastating earthquake last month caused hundreds of people homeless. ba. unguardedb. overwhelmingc. destructived. evil7.On hearing of the case some time later, Conan Doyle was convinced that the man was notguilty, and immediately went to work to ascertain the truth. ca. exploreb. obtainc. verifyd. search8.Fear of pirate raids caused the Spaniards to fortify their coastline. ba. armsb. invasionsc. shipsd. cruelty9.The poor woman did not sleep all night and was completely worn out. ba. consumedb. exhaustedc. groundd. smashed10.Mountain life produces a strong, tough breed of men. aa. generationb. geniusc. typed. gangSection B (5 points)Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark out your choice on theanswer sheet with a single line through the center.11. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can nolonger be satisfactorily ____b____.a. diminishedb. alleviatedc. replacedd. abolished12.In principle, a person whose conduct was caused by mental disorder should not be liable tocriminal ____b____.a. identificationb. punishmentc. investigationd. commitment13.Cut off by the storm, they were forced to ____c____ food for several days.a. go in forb. go overc. go withoutd. go out14.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for____c____ vitamins.a. exceptionalb. exceedingc. excessd. external15.For some rare cases, the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the patient’s ____d____ onlybut also on the results of tests.a. complaintsb. reportsc. statementsd. symptoms16.The Army and Navy of that country were reformed in ____c____ with western models afterthe Second World War.a. consequenceb. agreementc. accordanced. contact17.Please come and help me with this form because I don’t know how to ____a____ it.a. set aboutb. set asidec. set offd. set up18.The salesman’s ____d____ annoyed the old lady, but finally she gave in.a. enduranceb. assistancec. resistanced. persistence19.Does brain power ____d____ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising answers.a. collapseb. descendc. deduced. decline20.All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully____a____ the risks and benefits.a. weighingb. valuingc. evaluatingd. distinguishingPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage 1Yellow FeverHopes for victory over the disease of yellow fever were raised still further when one of a team of Rockefeller doctors, studying yellow fever in Ghana, scored a major victory in the summer of 1927. Visiting a village where there was an outbreak, the doctor took blood from a goodlooking young African, Asibi by name, who had a mild touch of fever. The doctor now injected some of his blood into four animals including one monkey that had just arrived from India. Only the monkey went down with yellow fever. For the first time the virus of the disease had been passed into an animal other than man. Having animals that could be given the disease opened the way to new lines of experiments.The Asibi virus was kept going from monkey to monkey. In this way they gradually developed a virus whose power to make people ill had been greatly lowered. But still it had enough strength to develop resistance in human beings. So from the blood of a West African a vaccine was finally developed that now protects millions of people from yellow fever.Such, then, was the point reached in 1932. Yellow fever appeared to be on the way out, at least in the Americas. Then there occurred an outbreak in a country district in Brazil. This was strange, since yellow fever had always been believed to be a disease of the city, one that people caught by being bitten in their own homes by the city type of mosquitoes, bred within a hundred yards of their houses. Something much more surprising, however, was in store for the members of the Brazilian Yellow Fever Service, when they reached the area. There was yellow fever in the district, without doubt. The Service found it was present by all the standard tests. But there were no city-type mosquitoes, not one.One morning a doctor went into the jungle with some woodcutters. He wanted to collectmosquitoes, but they weren’t biting. The doctor was just ready to leave, when one of the men shouted that a tree was about to fall. He stood back and watched the great mass come down. Sunlight streamed through the hole made in the roof of the jungle and from the upper branches of the fallen tree rose a cloud of blue mosquitoes which circled around the men.So it was learned that these blue mosquitoes, relatively rare on the floor of the jungle, exist in great numbers in the treetops. There too, the monkeys live. This discovery completed a chain of facts about the way jungle yellow fever is caught and spread. It is mainly a disease of monkeys in the jungle treetops. They are infected by the bites of several kinds of mosquitoes. Blue mosquitoes being one of the most common attackers. The pattern is carried on from monkey to mosquito and back to monkey. But men going into the jungle may also get the disease, particularly if their work disturbs the roof of the jungle. If the man bitten by an infected mosquito then returns to a city where there are mosquitoes of the city type, he may start again the pattern of man to mosquito to man.21. A further advance in the fight against yellow fever was made when it was discovered that thedisease could be passed from ____d____.a. man to mosquitob. animal to manc. animal to mosquitod. man to animal22.Jungle yellow fever can only exist where there are ____d____.a. any type of mosquitoesb. blue mosquitoesc. monkeysd. animals and mosquitoes23.The doctors in this story were interested in discovering ___a_____.a.the pattern of the diseaseb.the signs of yellow feverc.the kind of people who get the diseased.how monkeys stay healthy24.An interesting finding in this story is that ____c____.a.only one type of mosquitoes carries yellow feverb.at least two types of mosquitoes carry yellow feverc.any mosquitoes can carry the diseased.monkeys are necessary in keeping yellow fever goingPassage 2A Leap in ThoughtYou’ve had a problem, you’ve thought about it till you were tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! When you weren’t thinking about it suddenly the answer has come to you, as a gift from the gods.Of course all ideas don’t come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery. Psychology does not yet understand even the ordinary processes of conscious thought, but the emergence of new ideas by a “leap in thought” is particularly intriguing, because they must have come from somewhere. For the moment let us assume that they come from the “unconscious”. This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought consists precisely in what was unknown becoming know.It seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly intuitive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.But growth requires a seed, and the heart of the creative process lies in the production of the original fertile nucleus from which growth can proceed. This initial step in all creation consists in the establishment of a new unity from disparate elements, of order out of disorder, of shape from what was formless. The mind achieves this by the plastic reshaping, so as to form a new unit, of a selection of the separate elements derived from experience and stored in memory. Intuitions arise from richly unified experience.This process of the establishment of new from must occur in pattern of nervous activity in the brain, lying below the threshold of consciousness, which interact and combine to from more comprehensive patterns. Experimental physiology has not yet identified this process, for its methods are as yet insufficiently refined, but it may be significant that a quarter of the total bodily consumption of energy during sleep goes to the brain, even when the sense organs are at rest, to maintain the activity of the thousand million brain cells. These cells, acting together as a single organ, achieve the miracle of the production of new patterns of thought. No calculating machine can do that, for such machines can “only do what we know how to design them to do”, and these formative brain processes obey laws which are still unknown.Can any practical conclusions be drawn from the experience of genius? Is there an art of thought for the ordinary person? Certainly there is no single road to success; in the world of the imagination each has to find his own way to use his own gifts.25.The description in the first paragraph may imply that ____c____.a.inspiration may come from the godsb.in finding an answer to a problem, inspiration may come only after you have thoughthard about itc.inspiration may come only when you have forgotten the problemd.whenever you thought about the answer to a problem, you would get a flash ofinspiration26.The pronoun “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ___c_____.a. “many people”b. the most important peoplec. “many ideas”d. Psychologists27.In the sentence “This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mentalprocesses which are unknown to the subject”. Here “subject” refers to ____a____.a. a school courseb. a topic of a speechc. a person being treated in a certain way or being experimented ond. a citizen28.The writer might want to tell his readers that ____b____.a.successful persons depend on their inspirationsb.we ordinary people had better not blindly count on any practical conclusion fromexperience of genius, but find our own way to use our own giftsc.there is no genius at alld.none of the abovePassage 3Experiments have been carried out on volunteers to see what happens when all sensations are stopped. This can be done in several ways. One method is to put a man inside a completely isolated room. This room is heavily sound-proofed and absolutely dark. There is no light or sound and the person is instructed just to lie motionless on a bed. People have stayed in rooms such as this for as long as four days. The results of sensory deprivation (SD) vary with the individual.Soon after entering the confinement cell most subjects went to sleep and slept almost without interruption for ten to twenty-four hours. These are gross estimates for there was nothing by which the subjects could determine the time which had elapsed. We know for certain that one subject slept for nineteen hours but insisted that he had a nap of less than one hour. According to the monitoring microphone, which was capable of picking up the deep breathing of sleep, it seems more likely that most subjects slept all of the first twenty-four hours.We felt that so much sleeping in the first day wasted the effects of confinement, so we started placing subjects in SD early in the morning. We reasoned that after a night’s sleep our confined subject would be unable to dissipate (驱散) the effects of SD by sleeping. Such was not the case. As far as we could determine they went to sleep just as quickly and slept just as long as the previous subjects. We then started entering the subjects at midmorning, midday, and mid-afternoon. As it turned out, it made no difference when during the day and, presumably, during the night we started the confinement; the initial sleep period was always about the same.We had not expected this extended period of initial sleep. In fact, it had seemed reasonable to expect something of the opposite. SD was a very novel situation for our subjects, and as such, we reasoned, it should have occupied them for some time. I had a similar expectation for astronauts during space flight and was greatly surprised to learn that the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin had been able to sleep during his space flight around the earth.Other effects were also noted. With no real sensations to work on, the brain makes up all sorts of false information. Many people experience vivid dreams and hallucinations (幻觉). When they are finally taken out of the room into the real changing world of light and sound, they are in a very strange state of mind, ready to believe anything and not really able to make decisions.29.This passage is mainly about ____c____.a.how to have a sound sleepb.what causes loss of sensationsc.what will happen if sensations were lostd.how to lose sensations30.What does “subjects” Para 3, Line2) mean in this passage? da.Any member of a state except the supreme ruler.b.Something to be talked or written about or studied.c.Person, animal or thing to be treated or dealt with.d.Theme on which a composition is based.31.We can probably infer from the passage that ___c_____.a.most astronauts are unable to fall asleep in spaceb. a period of sensory deprivation would make a person hard to controlc.many people are subject to fantasy while in the sensory deprivation celld.microphones are used to control the breathing of subjects32.All of the following are the results of sensory deprivation except that ___c_____.a.most subjects fell asleep and slept for a long timeb.some subjects didn’t know how many hours they spent sleepingc.it took a long time for the subjects to adapt themselves to sensory celld.many subjects became credulous right after sensory deprivationPassage 4I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocer’s shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up at a supermarket. And the proprietor (店主) knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them.The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.33.The services available in village nowadays are normally ___a_____.a.fewer but still very activeb.less successful than earlier but managing to survivec.active in providing food for the village, and tourist goodsd.surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them34.The local grocer’s shop is expanding ___a_____.a.because women spend a lot of their tie there just gossipingb.even though town shops are larger and rather cheaperc.in spite of the fact that people like to shop where they are less well-knownd.for people get frozen food as well as antiques35.How do the village grocer’s assistants feel about giving extra service? da.They tend to forget itb.They will not consider itc.It does not seem worth their whiled.They take it for granted36.Another aspect of personal service available in the village shop is that ____a____.a.there is a very wide range of goods availableb.rare goods are obtained whenever they are neededc.special attention is given to the needs of wealthier customersd.goods are always restocked before they run outPassage 5Until about 200 years ago. Change was so slow that people presumed that the lives of their children and grandchildren would not be very much different from their own.And then came the 20th century, when people went from flying in their first airplane at Kity Hawk to planting their first footsteps on the moon – all in the blink of a lifetime. One group of scientist haws said that the rate of change in our contemporary world is running a million times faster than the rate of humans’ ability to adjust to the new situations.Here is how some futurists say Americans may live in the opening years of the next millennium.The World Future Society, a nonprofit organization in Maryland, predicts that supermarkets may become hydroponics greenhouses where shoppers pick their own produce from the vine. And for those who would not care for such a hands – on experience, groceries could be electronically ordered and automatically delivered into refrigerators that open outside and inside the house.Marvin J. Cetron, founder and president of Forecasting International Ltd., a consulting company in Arlington, Virginia, said he believes that by 2006, people will have personal diagnostic and meal preparation machines. If you eat too much, the diagnostic machine will tell you to exercise.Many experts anticipate advances in biotechnology that could lead to cows that produce low-fat milk, disease-resistant potatoes grown by crossing them with a chicken gene and pork made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig’s genetic pool.But if, as expected, the world’s human population doubles in the next 40 years, the pressure to produce food to feed everyone is gong to be immense, said Lester R. Brown, head of the Worldwatch Institute, in Washington, He notes in his book, “Vital Signs 1995” that “the pace of history is accelerating as soaring human demands collide with the Earth’s natural limits.”How about medicine? For many people, particularly aging baby boomers, a big question will be, how can you add years to your life? Many futurists say that will be possible, at least for those who can afford it.By 2020, the complete DNA structure will be mapped. Mr. Cetron said: “Doctors will know a person’s genetic characteristics right from birth, even before birth.”That could guide doctors to tailor life styles and treatments to help patients avoid disorders they are prone to develop. Coupled with genetic medicine, he said, a child born in 2010 could expect to live 120 years.But Mr. Brown of the Worldwatch Institute cautioned that public health and medicine are likely to be challenged by another global trend: the rise in infectious diseases and their increased immunity to antibiotics.Many futurists expect little change in how Americans live in houses in the next few years. “Home behavior changes pretty slowly,”Mr. Millett said. But from 2010 to 2020, he predicts “fundamental change.”37.Which of the following world trends is mentioned in the passage? ba.Futurism is being taken more seriously by more peopleb.Doctors wish to engineer a dramatically different kind of life.c.Diseases capable of being spread will be on the rise.d.Old people will be unwilling to live in nursing houses.38.According to the author, which of the following is NOT true? ca.It took a life time from people’s first flight in the airplane to landing on the moon.b.Changes in the 20th century have come all too soon.c.People are ready to adapt themselves to new conditions.d.People are slow to keep pace with changes in our present world.39.The world Future Society predicts that people will get their vegetables and fruit from whereplants are grown ____d____a. manuallyb. automaticallyc. in good soild. in water40.Which of the following may still be a problem in medicine at the end of the next century? aa.The adaptation of life styles to avoid disorder.b.The mapping of the complete DNA structure.c.The increase of life span beyond 120d.The identification of man’s genetic characteristics.Part III Close (10 points)When the earth was born there was no ocean. The ____traditionally____(41) cooling earth was ____ surrounded ____(42) in heavy ____layers____(43) of cloud, which contained much of the water of the new planet. For a long time its surface was ____ so ____(44) hot that no moisture could fall ____ within ____(45) immediately being reconverted ____ from ____(46) steam. This dense, perpetually renewed cloud covering must have been so thick that ____ no____(47) rays of sunlight could penetrate it. And so the ____rough____(48) outlines of the continents and the empty ocean basins were sculptured out of the surface of the earth in ____ darkness ____(49), in s Stygian (冥界的) world of heated rock and swirling clouds and gloom.As soon as the earth’s ____ surface ____(50) cooled enough, the ____ rains ____(51) began to fall. Never have there been such rains since that time. They fell ____ continuously ____(52), day and night, days passing into months, into years, into centuries. They poured into the waiting ocean basins, or, falling upon the continental masses, ____ran____(53) away to become sea.That primeval ocean, growing ____ all together ____(54) as the rains slowly filled its basins, must have been only ____feebly____(55) salt. But the falling rains were the symbol of the dissolution of the continents. ____ From the moment ____(56) the rains began to fall the lands began to be ____worn away____(57) and carried to the sea, it is an endless, ____inevitable ____(58) process that has never stopped the dissolving of the rocks, the ____ obtaining ____(59) count of their contained minerals, the carrying of the rock fragments and dissolved minerals to the ocean. And ____ for ____(60) the eons of time (极漫长的时期) , the sea has grown ever more bitter with the salt of the continents.41. a. traditionally b. gradually c. contrarily d. incidentally42. a. surrounded b. encircled c. enveloped d. rounded43. a. lines b. coats c. tiers d. layers44. a. very b. so c. too d. as45. a. within b. without c. with d. together with46. a. to b. from c. in d. on47. a. some b. little c. no d. much48. a. thin b. thick c. tough d. rough49. a. daylight b. darkness c. brightness d. moonlight50. a. surface b. plate c. crust d. shell51. a. rocks b. dusts c. clouds d. rains52. a. instantly b. immediately c. continuously d. increasingly53. a. went b. drained c. flowed d. ran54. a. once and all b. in bulk c. in sum d. all together55. a. softly b. fairly c. faintly d. feebly56. a. At the moment b. In a moment c. From the moment d. For a moment57. a. washed down b. torn away c. washed off d. worn away58. a. inexorable b. merciless c. inelastic d. inevitable59. a. separating b. obtaining c. leaching d. gaining60. a. at b. with c. over d. forPart IV Translation: In this part, you are provided with eight passages. Choose one English passage and one Chinese passage at your own wills and translate them into Chinese (10 points) and English (15 points) respectively. (25 points in all)1.Researchers for the first time have directly mapped growing human brains, revealingunsuspected physical changes. The finding, reported in the journal Nature, may help lay the foundations of how best to teach language, mathematics and other crucial mental skills.Every human brain experiences rapid, distinct waves of almost explosive growth that may determine when it is most receptive to learning new skills. Educators have long known that intellectual abilities in language, music and mathematics must be developed before puberty.The researchers followed half a dozen children between the ages of 3 and 15, imaging them repeatedly over the years to create a unique fingerprint of their maturing brains. They found that growth rates in an area of the brain linked to language were slow between the ages of 3 and 6 but speeded up from 7 to 15 years, when children normally fine-tune language skills.研究人员首次通过直接映射成长的人类大脑，揭示了确切的生理变化。

重庆市考研复习重点写作与翻译一、引言重庆市考研复习中，写作与翻译是重要的考察内容。

本文将从写作和翻译的重点出发，探讨在考研复习中如何针对重庆市特点进行备考。

二、写作复习重点写作是考研复试中的重要环节，注重考查学生的表达能力和逻辑思维能力。

下面是重庆市考研写作复习的重点内容：1. 熟悉重庆市概况：复习时需要了解重庆市的地理、经济、文化等方面的基本情况，这有助于在写作中准确描述相关的信息和背景。

2. 学习相关专业术语：根据所报考的专业，准备写作中可能用到的相关术语，并通过阅读相关领域的文献，提高自己的专业词汇量。

3. 掌握写作技巧：复习写作技巧是提高写作水平的关键。

包括但不限于写作结构、段落组织、语言表达、逻辑推理等技巧。

4. 阅读范文与练习：通过阅读范文，可以学习到优秀的写作思路和表达方式。

同时，多进行写作练习，不断提高自己的写作能力。

三、翻译复习重点翻译是考研复试中的另一个重要环节，主要考查学生的翻译能力和语言运用能力。

以下是重庆市考研翻译复习的重点内容：1. 熟悉常见翻译领域：了解重庆市当前的发展动态，熟悉重庆市在经济、文化、政治等方面的亮点和特色，并掌握相关的翻译词汇和表达方式。

2. 提高词汇翻译能力：学习和积累常见的词汇翻译，包括近年来热门领域的专业术语翻译，提高在特定领域中的专业度和准确度。

3. 增加语言表达练习：通过大量的翻译练习，提高自己的语言表达能力和准确性。

可以通过翻译新闻报道、社论评论等不同类型的文本，扩展自己的翻译能力和语言感知。

4. 关注翻译技巧：掌握一些翻译中常用的技巧和方法，比如转换句型、忠实还原原文意思等。

通过多种技巧的灵活运用，提高翻译的质量和效率。

四、总结重庆市考研的写作与翻译复习重点主要包括熟悉重庆市的基本情况、学习相关专业术语、掌握写作与翻译技巧，以及阅读范文与进行练习。

通过系统地复习和练习，可以提高自己的写作和翻译水平，为考研复试做好充分准备。

五、参考文献[1] 张晨亮. 2021考研英语精品班：写作＆翻译[M]. 机械工业出版社, 2020.[2] 张新宇. 复习备考指南[R]. 重庆大学, 2020.注意：本文所列内容为作者个人观点，仅供参考。