英语语法代词和数词

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代 词和数 词

(一)代词分类

代词是代替名词的词,主要是为了避免名词的重复。根据代词表达的意义和用法,代词可以分几类:

人称代词:主格:I,you,he,she,it,they,we, 宾格:me,you,him,her,it,them,us

物主代词:形容词性:my,your,his ,her,its,our,their 名词性:mine,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,ours

反身代词:myself(ourselves),himself,herself,itself(themselves),yourself(yourselves)

指示代词:this,that,these,those...

疑问代词:what,who,when...

不定代词:some, something...

关系代词:which,who,that...

连接代词:which,who...

(二)代词的用法

1. 不定代词的用法

(1)few, a few, little, a little

Few, little 表示没有多少,含否定意义。A few 和a little 表示有一些,含肯定意义。另外,few, a few 可以修饰可数名词,little和a little修饰不可数名词。 (2)other 和another

Other 泛指“另外的”作定语与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用,但前面有the,this ,that,some,any,each,no,none,one,or,every 以及形容词性物主代词是,可与单数名词连用,如:other boys, the other one,every other day等

Others泛指“别的人或物”(但不是全部)如:Some are playing

basketball,and others are playing football.

The other 指“两者中的另一个”常与one 连用,表示另一方的“全部其余的”如:There are ten balls,two of them are red, the others are yellow.(the

others 是the other 的复数形式)

Another 指三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”,“再一”“另一个”。

如:Talking is one thing,doing is another.

One ...the other指两个人或物构成的一组中的个体, one...another 指同一组内的两个个体

2. it的用法

(1)指代时间,距离,天气等自然现象

(2)人称代词,代替前面提到过的事物

(3)用于某些句型

It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了

It’s(about/high)time that...某人该做某事了

It’s first/second time that...某人第几次做某事了 It’s +时间段+since/before...自从...有一段时间了 / 过多长时间才...

It is /was +被强调成分+that/who+其他成分(强调句型)

(4)形式主语

It+be+adj+(of/for sb)+to do...做某事

It +take+sb+时间段+to do ...做某事花费多少时间

It’s up to sb to do...有某人决定做某事

It looks/seems/happens/appears that...似乎

If it were not for.../if it hadn’t been for... 若不是因为

二、数词

(一)数词分类

1. 基数词

2. 基数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语,表语,定语,同位语等

如:Three of them will go shopping.

3. 序数词

序数词除了几个特殊的,其余在基数词后加-th.

(二)数词用法

1. 时刻的表达 如: a quarter past six 6 :15 a quarter to six 5:45

2. 日期表达:2023年3月8日 March 8,2023或March eighth,2023 年代表达“世纪百位进数+十位年代数+s”如:20世纪80年代:1980s(nineteen eighties)

3. 分数的表达

表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。如果分子大于一,分母必须用复数形式。如one third, two thirds.1/2 a(one) half, 1/4 a (one) quarter/fourth

4. 百分数的表达

6% six percent

5. 约数的表达

用dozens/scores/hundreds/tens/thousands/millions...of 表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等如: The boy bought dozens of pencils.

6. 倍数的表达

倍数+as+adj/adv原级+as+比较对象

如:this house is two times as big as that one.

倍数+adj/adv比较级+than+比较对象

如:This house is two times bigger than that one.

倍数+the size/length/width...of+比较对象

如:This house is two times the size of that one.