新标准大学英语视听说教程1原文

新标准视听说1 听力原文Unit 1。

Part A。

1. W: Excuse me, what’s your name?M: My name is Tom. Nice to meet you.2. W: What’s this in English?M: It’s a map.3. W: Is this your pencil?M: No, it isn’t. It’s my eraser.4. W: What’s her name?M: Her name is Linda.5. W: Is that your bag?M: No, it isn’t. It’s my sister’s.Part B。

1. M: Excuse me, are you a new student?W: Yes, I am. My name is Alice.2. M: What’s this in English?W: It’s a book.3. M: Is this your pen?W: No, it isn’t. It’s my friend’s.4. M: What’s her name?W: Her name is Mary.5. M: Is that your ruler?W: No, it isn’t. It’s my brother’s. Unit 2。

Part A。

1. W: What’s your telephone number? M: It’s 123-4567.2. W: How do you spell your name?M: M-I-K-E.3. W: What’s your father’s job?M: He’s a teacher.4. W: How old are you?M: I’m twelve years old.5. W: What’s your favorite subject? M: My favorite subject is English. Part B。

新标准视听说1听力原文Unit 1。

Part A。

1. M: Good morning, Mrs. Smith. How are you today?W: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. I'm fine, thank you. And you?M: Not bad, thank you.2. W: Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest post office is?M: Sure. Go straight ahead and turn left at the second traffic light. It's on your right. W: Thank you very much.3. M: What's your favorite sport, Linda?W: I like swimming. It's good for my health and I enjoy it.M: That's great. I like swimming, too.4. W: What's the weather like in Beijing today?M: It's sunny and warm. A perfect day for outdoor activities.W: That sounds nice. I wish I could be there.5. M: How do you usually go to work, Mary?W: I usually take the subway. It's fast and convenient.M: I see. I prefer riding a bike. It's good for the environment.Part B。

Unit1 ➢Insid e View➢Outsid e viewHappiness is not what most students have in mind when they think of school. Yet a school in Germany has developed a novel way to raise the morale(斗志) of its students, by teaching happiness in classes. Students at Heidelberg’s Willy Hellpach School of Economics are learning how to achieve happiness as an official subject, alongside mathematics and languages. This is the first school in Germany to develop a happiness course, intended for 17- to 19-year-olds preparing for university entrance exams. Ernst Fritz-Schubert, the school’s principal, is on a mission to change things.Ernst Fritz-Schubert: It was my idea-I’ve been at this school for 31 years,and I feel that school and happiness have to bereunited. These are two terms which are notconsidered together, because one does not connectschool with happiness. In some cases school comesbehind the dentists on the popularity scale(规模) andwe should try to push schools’ popularity a bit. It hasbeen proved by science that a happy student canlearn more than an unhappy one, Unhappy studentscan concentrate for a while but do not use all theirpotential. The happiness classes are intended to helpstudents fulfill their potential. They will help thestudents live happy and prosperous lives.The classes aim to help students in achieving a positive state of mind, by using all their own resources and boosting their self-esteem. In addition, they hope classes will increase self-awareness and physical comfort. Happiness classes are also intended to make students more aware about their environment and society as a whole. During classes students are encouraged to express themselves and observe their peers’ behavior. The classes are taught by Bjoern Bonn, an actor and visiting lecturer.Bjoern Bonn: One of the exercises I do is to have one of the students walk across the classroom, with the others copying his walk.Through this exercise, I hope they learn something aboutthemselves. Why do I move like this? How do others see myway of walking? I hope that with a higher body awarenessthey ideally –of course it will take time-achieve a higherself-consciousness which could lead to happiness. Wolfgang Lang: We give these classes to students to help them find happiness. Now the question is: How do I definehappiness? Happiness is for example a strengthening ofthe personality. We are providing helpful suggestions tomake stronger people. People that ask “Who am I as aperson? Am I really happy?”Pascal Gemble: It takes time and everybody has to find happiness for themselves. You cannot go into a coaching lesson and sayteach me happiness. One can only get indications fromteachers or the visiting lecturers. There are also happinessscientists, if we could talk to one of those, I am sure hewould have some hints.Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya: You would think that the teachers are writingdefinitions on the board. Not true. Those whowant happiness have to find it for themselves,you cannot really learn that. So what does it taketo be happy and can you learn it at school?➢Listening inPassage 1Interviewer: Can you tell me, how do you think you have changed as you have matured? What things have had a major influence onyou?Speaker 1: Well, let me think…I suppose going to university had a big impact on my life. It made me much moreopen-minded. I met so many different types of people therewith weird and wonderful ideas and it changed the way I seethe world. I’m much more tolerant now. It made me a morerounded person.Interviewer: Great, and had any particular person had a central role in forming your character?Speaker 1: I guess that’d have to be my grandfather. I was very close to him, and he taught me to stand up for my beliefs. He was alwaystelling me about this.Interviewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life? Speaker 2: I think that traveling my gap yea r made me grow up and see both the beauty of the world and, well…just the generosity（慷慨，大方）of ordinary people. I traveled a lot around Asia andyou know, I found that in some of the poorest countries, likeCambodia and Laos, people share whatever little they have, andthey possess a real joy for life. It’s probably made me a lessselfish person.Interviewer: Interesting,so you would recommend that young people takea gap year to discover themselves and the world?Speaker 2: Definitely. It gives you an opportunity to learn about the world beyond the one you grew up in and I foundit reall y… Interviewer: Could you tell me what things in your life have had the greatest influence in forming your personality?Speaker 3: Well…a couple of years ago I was on a reality TV show where a group of young people all lived in a house together. Each weeksomeone was voted off by the audience. I got down to thefinal three! I suppose being on the show and seeing how theother contestants behaved made me realize how selfish andspiteful some people can be just to get what they want. I alsorealized it’s best to just be yourself in life. If you pretend to besomeone different people will eventually see through the lies. Interviewer: Right…And how did you feel when you were eventually voted off?Speaker 3: Relieved, to be honest with you. But you know, a slight regret that I didn’t win because I kind of…Interviewer: So you can tell me, what one thing do you think that has had the biggest impact on your life?Speaker 4: Hmm, that’s a difficult question. But I think helping victims of just arrived in Thailand for a family Christmas holiday.When I heard the news I knew I had to help-you couldn’tnot. I ended up acting as an interpreter for a group of volunteerdoctors. It was an incredibly difficult time but you know, even inthe middle of such a horrific tragedy there is still a huge amountof genuine human kindness. Interviewer: That’s amazing! Andhas it changed the way you view your future…Passage 2Tony: Talking to us today in our Life Choices series is Joan Robinson, an academic counselor at Manchester University. She gives advice to school students on choosing the right subject to study at university.Joan, welcome to the show.Joan: Thanks Tony.Tony: So Joan, what do our listeners need to think about when choosing a course? It’s a huge, potentially life-changing decision, isn’t it? Joan: Yes. I generally give students advice in two areas. Firstly, know yourself, and secondly, think to the future.Tony: When you say “know yourself” what do you mean?Joan: Basically, I mean evaluate your own personal strengths and weaknesses, your personality traits and the things you like.Tony: I see…So how can our listeners do this?Joan: Well, start by asking yourself questions to help reflect on your life so far. For example, what subjects are you good at? Are you an organized and self-disciplined person? Are you confident and outgoing? Do you like working with others in a team or do you prefer working alone? These kinds of questions will help you discover more about yourself.Tony: Sounds like good advice. How about your second point regarding the future?Joan: Well, your choice of major subject is likely to have a significant impact on your future career so it’s important to look into this carefully. I recommend you check not only which academic subjects will help you get into a particular area of work, but also look carefully at what universities offer. Each university has its strengths so try to choose one that is the best in your chosen field. Find out what links the department has to related industries and leading companies in it.Tony: Good point. Now I’d like to take some calls from our listeners. First up we have James on the line. Hi, James! How can we help? James: Hi. I’m interested in career in IT and I’d like to ask Joan whether shethinks it’s better to go to a highly respected university, like Oxford, or to study somewhere that has more of a vocational focus? Joan: Well, James, you know it really depends on what you expect to get out of a university and how you see your future. Basically a handful of the brightest graduates are picked from the top universities around the world to join the leading IT companies. So I’d say if you’re a high-flyer then this is the route that might be for you. But if you are looking for a more mainstream career then you should consider a course that helps you acquire practical, transferable skills that you can use in the workplace…and look at which universities have the best levels of graduate recruitment for the kind of job you are aiming for.James: I see! Thanks a lot. That really helps me out.Unit 2➢Inside view➢Outside viewAround the world, many children are living in poverty. Many children live in countries where there's war. Many children do not get enough to eat. Some of these children are suffering from malnutrition(营养失调). Many children in the world can’t go to school. One agency that is helping these children is UNICEF.UNICEF means the United Nations Children's Fund. UNICEF has more than seven thousand people working and one hundredand fifty-seven countries around the world to help children. One country where they are doing a great deal of work is Afghanistan. A whole generation of children in Afghanistan has never known peace, until recently. Now UNICEF is bringing food for malnourished children. They're bringing medicine. Here a medical team travels on horseback to bring medicine to a remote mountain village. And UNICEF is helping the children get an education."During the time of Taliban, we have made a survey among 40000 kids. And , they all say that the first thing they want is peace, and the second thing that they want is ,was education."The Taliban destroyed almost 2000 schools. Under the Taliban , girls weren't allowed to attend school at all. "Well, over 50 percent of the school has been destroyed completely, in the rest of the 50 percent schools which, eh, eh, needs repair. We are trying to accommodate all the children in the schools."Some of these schools are in people's home. This is a home school in Kabul. The teacher, Habiba Kilwati, has been running the school for 12 years. She supervises 26 other schools like it."We want to learn, so we can become teachers, doctors, or engineers, and be like normal students."It was dangerous for children to go to school. Under the Taliban, police punished families whose children went to school. Today, children are happy to be in school."This morning I had some tea and an egg, and came to school. I have notebooks , pencils, erasers, and friends, and fun here.“UNICEF is helping rebuild the educational system in Afghanistan in many ways. UNICEF is helping to train teachers. They're rebuilding schools, they're printing textbooks, and delivering books and other supplies to schools. This girls school was closed under the Taliban. Now, it's opening again. It has room for 960 students. These girls are happy to be back to school."I'm very disappointed and sad that I wasted six years. There was no education then. I tried to study then with my parents, but it's not the same. It wasn't so bad, but now I'm much happier because the schools are reopening.""We plan to open the schools, and get these children enrolled, and back in school, and to give them back their education so they can read and write.""When the Taliban came to power and closed the schools, girls stayed at home. Now there's an opportunity for them to continue their education. We are very happy about this. We can be proud of our girls, our young people. They can go back to school.UNICEF is working on its mission to bring food, medicine and education to the children of Afganistan .In the process, they're also bringing hope.➢Listening inPassage1One of the strangest feelings I’ve ever had was when I returned by chance to a place where I’d been happy as a child. My husband and I were visiting some friends for the weekend-----they lived about 200 kilometers away. We were driving along when I suddenly saw a church in the distance that I recognized. My favorite aunt had lived very near it on a farm that my brother and I used to visit once a year with our parents.We were city kids, brought up in the middle of London, and this was a working farm-----the real thing-----with cows in cowsheds, fields with ponds and a muddy yard full of smelly pi gs-----we had the run of the whole place-----it was just paradise for us.And then-----there was the food-----home-made jam and bread and cakes, milk fresh from the cow. And my aunt Lottie-----a farmer’s wife-----and her husband, uncle George and their kids, Katie and Ben, our two cousins who my brother and I really got on with. It was heaven that week we used to spend there. They moved from the farm when I was… how old? ----- about 14. So I’d never been back or seen it again.An yway, there we were, and I’d just seen the church, so we turned off and drove down this really narrow lane. And before I knew it we were in front of Aunt Lottie’s farm. The extraordinary thing was that it hadn’t changed------ not one tiny bit.It was a lovely old place with a typical country cottage garden, full of flowers. There were lots of barns and sheds-----they were next to-----next to the farm. And you know, I can’t even begin to describe the feeling I had standing there. It was-----oh, what was it? An incredibly powerful feeling of longing-----nostalgia(怀旧；乡愁) for the past-----for times I’d been very，very happy. But it was the past. I hadn’t been there for 20 years and I couldn’t go back, so also I had a feeling of huge sadness, that I couldn’t have those times again. And-----at the same time-----great sweetness, because those times had been so happy, so innocent-----because I was a child. So there was this extraordinary mix-----of longing, sadness andsweetness, all at the same time. It was the strangest feeling I’ve ever had. Passage2Interviewer: So what's your first memory of school, Kevin?Kevin: I was really looking forward to school, I remember that, I just couldn't wait. Yeah, Johnny, my brother, was a year older than me and he seemed so grown-up, with his red blazer and smart shoes.And I wanted to go to school and be grown-up too. I don't remember much of the first day actually, apart from this little boy lying on the floor and screaming and screaming and me thinking what a baby he was.Interviewer: Right! What about you, Eva?Eva: I just have this one memory of this coat rack with（遭受……痛苦）all our coats. And I was looking for my peg which had a little picture of an elephant next to it. I remember I was crying because I wanted to go home and I couldn't get my coat on. I was crying so much and then the teacher came and helped me.Interviewer: OK, so what about your first best friend at school?Kevin: Oh, yeah, well, Steve, I remember him, because he's still my best friend!Interviewer: Still your best friend!Eva: That's so great!Kevin: Yeah, we didn't know each other before we started school but we became really good friends and so did our mums. Our families ended up going on holiday together and that kind of thing. But we used to fight a lot, Steve and I, and the teachers used to get very cross with us. But we were just having fun.Interviewer: Cool! And what about you, Eva?Eva: My best friend was a girl called Robina. She had short blond hair, I remember I thought she looks like an angel. We sat next to each other and held hands and played fairies in the playground. She left in Year 3 and I cried for days.Interviewer: Oh, how sad! So what about the day you left school? How was that?Eva: I had a lot of mixed feelings, I remember walking home with this amazing feeling of freedom, you know, no more rules, no morebossy teachers. But I also felt pretty sad, because I'd had some good times. I was in a group of girls who were so supportive of each other.Kevin: I couldn't wait to leave, I was counting the days.I just wanted to geta job, get a life, earn some cash. The day I left, I went out tocelebrate with a couple of my mates and--had a very good time!Unit 3➢Insid e view➢Outsid e ViewThe Mona Lisa, the most famous painting in the world, was trully revolutionary even in its time. While he was painting the Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci broke all the rules, even his own. In spite of the fact that Leonardo and other aritists believed that women should only be portrayed with eyes gazing slightly down. Leonodo painted the Mona Lisa looking directly at the viewer. The position of her body is another innovation. While her face looks straight ahead, her body is slight turned, a pose that creates a sense of movement and tension. In another break from tradition, the Mona Lisa is not wearing any jewellery or adorments. Finally, backgrounds in portraits usually indicated a real place but the landscape in Leonardo’s portrait seems almost imaginary.A: One of the things I like to do is, um, think about her face and why, what is she trying, why, what is she trying to say with her face and I used to think that her face told more than one story. For instance, if I covered up one side of her face, it seemed like she might be a little sad or resevered, almost secretive.S:Her eyes are, they’re kind of looking at us or around us, through us perhaps. I think with that painting she is the viewer and we are the subject in a way. And she has this look that she knows something that we don’t know.A: And then when I covered up that side and looked at the other side, she seemed happier, um, more satisfied. And together, it created sort of the mystery about her that, um, made interpreting her face very enigmatic.S:There’s speculation that the Mona Lisa is a self-portrait of Leonardo and I, I believe that it is, there, there, the features do line up between the Mona Lisa and sketches of Leonardo.Scott McMahon and Anne Pfaff are both portrait artists. They believe that portraits can tell a story and make people think, just as the Mona Lisa has done for so many years.A: When I was young, um, I was always interested in, um, reading books about people and, and the dynamics(动力学), different kinds of relationships they had and so when I became a painter it was natural for me to be interested in painting people and looking for similar kinds of stories to tell about them that you might read in abook.S: Uh, most of my work consists of photographic self-portraiture. Um, I’m interested in using myself as the subject, um, not only as the creator of the image but as the, the character, or the performer of, of the images. So in my portraits I’m tryi ng to capture, um, a deeper essence of a person, um, more or less. This work here is done with a pinhole camera, which requires a very long exposure so, with a portrait you can get this feeling of time passed. It’s not a, it’s not an instant, per se, it could be five minutes of exposure.A: So this is another project I’m working on. I’m almost finished with it but I still need to work on the reflections in the water, um, and the face of the boy before it’s finished.S: I often work with multiples and, you know, using a mirror or the same image twice and what I wanted to do was link the two portraits together with the string. It’s kind of the string of thought or this idea of remembering or the resilience（弹力；恢复力）of memory.A: I don’t just paint from photographs. I try to make a work of art. Um,I try to make a painting that goes beyond a mere photographicimage. I try to capture something about the soul of the, or the essence of this person.S: This pie ce here is, uh, it’s called The Measure of Decay and behind the piece there are portraits, again, of me I have this clay(黏土) covering on that has cracked and so it’s, it’s kind of like the process of decay. So as each portrait goes around you can, you can see the image in a different focus. I love painting portraits.A: I love painting but portraits are very special because they’re about people.S: I’m fascinated by portraiture in general, and the human body and how the image lives over time. I like to capture what is unique and special about an individual in paint.➢Listening inConversation 1Lily: So what was the highlight of your trip to (South) Korea?Hugh: Well that's…let me see...it's got to be going to see Nanta.Lily：What on earth is Nanta?Hugh：It's this amazing live show-part theater-part dance-part music. Lily: Sounds really interesting. But why’s it so brilliant?Hugh: I think it's the energy of the performers. Also it has a unique concept. It's a mixture of traditional Korean music, percussion anddrums, into a western style performanceLily: I've never heard of it. Has it ever been performed in the West? Hugh: Yeah, it's been a sell-out. They've toured in over 30 countries since the show began in 1997.It's a non-verbal performance so there areno language barriers. That's what's made it an internationalsuccess.Lily: What else makes it so special then?Hugh: Well...the other thing is that all the action takes place in the kitchen.You see these four chefs preparing the food for a weddingreception. The performers use knives, dustbin lids and variousother kitchen utensils（厨房用具）to create a hypnotic（催眠的）soundtrack. The food literally flies everywhere! It's hilarious（欢闹的）.Lily: That sounds quite funny I must admit. Is there an actual story though?Hugh: Oh yes, there is a story. The four chefs have to prepare the meal by 6 o'clock and they also have to give the manager's nephew cookinglessons too, which adds to the fun. There’s loads of audienceparticipation and despite there being no language involved you getcompletely engrossed（全神贯注的）. It's really quite wacky（古怪的）!Lily: And what about the audience? I suppose they start throwing food around?Hugh: Not quite! But they are totally involved in what's going on---everyone loves it. It's a really great family show. In fact it's oneof the best shows I've ever seen. Jim, my friend, says he takes all hisvisitors. He's seen it about eight times and still loves it.Lily: I bet it's popular with tourists then.Hugh: Well apparently over a million foreign tourists in (South) Korea haveseen the show and it's had a run on Broadway too. It first got popular after they appeared at the Edinburgh Festival. Now they are planning to tour more cities in Asia where (South) Korean popular culture is becoming incredibly trendy.Lily：By the way what does “Nanta” mean?Hugh：It means random drumming in Korean. The English name for the show is Cookin’, which gives you a clearer idea of what it's all about.Lily：You've got me interested now. I'll have to check it out on the internet.Conversation 2Interviewer: Kathy Richards is a specialist art tour guide. Kathy-can you tell us what trends you've noticed in recent years?Kathy: Well, one of the biggest phenomena I've noticed is a huge increase in visitors to galleries-and a growing interest inmodern art in general.Interviewer: What do you think the reason is for that?Kathy: Well, there are several reasons, I think. The most important ones are firstly, that some new contemporary art gallerieshave opened which have had a lot of publicity, and secondlythe younger generation feel more comfortable with modernart so the kind of people visiting galleries is changing. Finally,the new generation of galleries have become destinations inthemselves...they tend to be housed in amazing buildings. Interviewer: So which are the most popular new galleries?Kathy: Well, the Tate Modern in London has had over 30 million visitors since it opened in 2000. The annual average is nowover 4.5 million. The Museum of Modern Art, or MoMA inNew York is an older gallery, it was founded in 1929 but hasbeen recently renovated and expanded. This work wasfinished in 2006 and it had over 2.5 million visitors in the firstyear after reopening. Another very successful new gallery isthe Guggenheim in Bilbao in Spain. It opened in 1997 and nowgets about a million visitors a year.Interviewer: Those are pretty impressive figures. Maybe the fact that theTate Modern is free to visit might have something to do withit?Kathy: It's true that entrance to the permanent collection is free but the numbers of people visiting the temporary exhibition arealso high and the entrance fee is usually about ten pounds. Interviewer: Do you have to pay to get into the other galleries you mentioned?Kathy: Oh yes. You do. Admission to MoMA is 20 US dollars and the Guggenheim in Bilbao costs eight euros.Interviewer: Do people mind paying, do you think?Kathy: No, I don't think they do mind. Most people feel the fees are reasonable considering the outstanding collections of pricelessworks of art that they get to see.Interviewer: You mentioned that the buildings that art galleries are in can be an attraction themselves these days.Kathy: Well, yes, the Guggenheim has literally revitalized the whole city and put Bilbao on the tourist map. It's got a futuristic,curvy metallic（金属的）structure and people love it. The TateModern has helped redevelop an old industrial area beside theRiver Thames. The gallery itself is actually inside a huge, old,brick power station. And MoMA is interesting as it's indowntown New York.Interviewer: And who visits these galleries? What's the profile of the average art lover?Kathy: Well, in the past museums and galleries were seen as appealing to the older generation. But in fact, 48 percent of visitors tothe Tate Modern are under 35.Unit4➢Insid e view➢Outsid e viewTo fly like a bird. It’s a desire that captures the human imagination. The Greeks told stories of Daedalus, an inventor who created wings made of wax and feathers and flew. The first person who seriously tried to fly like a bird was an Italian artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci designed complex and wondrous flying machines, but his designs never got off the ground. Early inventors, like da vinci, tried to fly by flapping, just like birds. Here is what happens when a bird flaps:When a bird flaps, thrust and lift and control are created at the same time. Lift is the force that keeps the bird elevated. Lift is generated by the air under the bird’s wings. Thrust is the force that keeps the bird moving forward. Thrust is generated by powerful muscles in the bird’s chest and wings. The bird maintains control by constantly adjusting its flapping. Much of a bird’s control is generated by its tail.A successful flying machine needed to provide the same forces that a bird used, A successful flying machine needed to provide lift to overcome gravity, control to let the driver change direction. And thrust to make it move forward. And it needed to be light enough to stay in the air. Once inventors understood these three challenges separately, and stopped trying to flap, they made progress.One inventor was the Brazilian pilot and aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont. Santos-Dumont experimented with balloons. He flew his lighter-than-air flying machines in France. In 1901, Santos-Dumont was the first to fly from Sant Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in a given time. Meanwhile other inventors were working on heavier-than-air flying machines. With these aircraft, lift was a big problem. German flyer, Otto Lilienthal, tackled the problem of lift. He built many large gliders, constantly refining their design. Lilienthal made thousands of flights from the top of a hill. Some that lasted as long as five hours. But he eventually died in a tragic crash. Lilienthal successfully mastered the challenge of lift, but he did not master the challenge of control. The Wright Brothers were inspired by Lilienthal’s inventions. The Wright Brothers started to develop and test their own flying machines. In their Ohio workshop, they built a wind tunnel and study aerodynamics. Through trial and error, they discovered how the shapes of different wings affected lift. They added a tail that moved, a stabilizer that made the front steady, and wings that were more flexible. Their 1902 glider was the first aircraft that was completely controllable. The next year they added a customed-built engine that provided thrust. The engine powered them forward and increased distance and duration. On December 17th, 1903, after about 1000 text flights, the Wright Brothers flew the first powered airplane over the sand dunes of North Carolina. Santos-Dumont invented heavier-than-air planes, too. In 1909, he developed a monoplane called Demoiselle, or the Grass Hopper. It was the first modern aircraft. After that, advances in aircraft design came quickly. More powerful engines were invented. New lightweight materials were developed so aircraft could go higher and faster. By World War Two, strong metal replaced the canvas and wood of earlier planes. In 1947, text pilot Chuck Yeager went faster than the speed of sound in a rocket-powered plane that looked like a bullet with wings. The invention of the jet engine。

新标准大学英语视听说听力原文Unit 1 College cultureListening inPassage1V/OHi, I’m Nick Carter, and this is SUR, your university radio station. This morning we went around campus to ask freshers – now half-way through their first year –the question, “How a re you finding uni?” Here are some of the answers we got.Speaker 1It’s cool. It’s everything I hoped it would be. I’m very ambitious, I want to be a journalist and I want to get to the top of the profession. I’ve started writing for the university newspaper so I’ve got my foot on the ladder already.Speaker 2I’m working hard and the teaching is as good as I expected. And I’ve made some good friends. But I’m very homesick. I’m Nigerian and my family’s so far away. I went home at Christmas for a mo nth – that really helped, but man, I miss my family so much.Speaker 3“How am I finding uni?” It’s great. It’s not perfect,nothing is, but, like, I’ve got a brilliant social life, just brilliant, and I’ve made lots of friends. For the first few months I just didn’t do, really enough work. But I – I talked about it with my parents andI’m working harder now and getting good grades.Speaker 4Actually, I’ve been quite lonely to be honest. I’m a bitshy … everyone else seemed to find it so easy to ma ke friends straight away. But things have been better recently –yeah, they have. I’ve joined a couple of clubs and like, it really helps to get to know peoplewhen you have shared interests. So, yeah –I’m feeling a lot happier now.Speaker 5Uni’s gr eat, I love it. My only problem –and it’s quite a big problem – is money. My parents are both unemployed so, you know, they can’t help me financially. My grant just isn’t –it’s just not enough for me to live on, so I’ve taken a part-time job as awaitress – a lot of people I know, like a lot, have had to do the same.I don’t want to have huge debts at the end.Speaker 6I love my subject, History, and I’m, I’m getting fantastic teaching here. I want to be a university lecturer and that means I have to get a first. I have a good social life but work definitely comesfirst for me.Passage2Oxford and Cambridge – two universities so similar that they are often spoken of together as“Oxbridge”. They’re both in the UK, fairly near London, and both reg ularly come top in any ranking of the world’s best universities.The two universities began within a century of each other. Oxford University, now 900 years old,was founded towards the end of the 11th century. In 1209 there was a dispute between the university and the townspeople of Oxford. As a result, some of the Oxford teachers left and founded a university in the town of Cambridge, some 84 miles away. Ever since then, the two institutions have been very competitive.Unlike most modern universities, both Oxford and Cambridge consist of a large number of colleges. Oxford has 39 and Cambridge 31. Many of these colleges have old and very beautiful architecture, and large numbers of tourists visit them.In all UK universities, you need good grades in the national exams taken at 18. But to get into Oxford and Cambridge, it’s not enough to get A grades in your exams. You also have to go for a longinterview. In these interviews, students need to show that they are creative and capable of original thinking.Through the centuries, both universities have made huge contributions to British cultural life.They have produced great writers, world leaders and politicians. Cambridge, in particular, has produced scientists whose discoveries and inventions have changed our lives.Among the great university institutions is the world’s most famous debating society, the Oxford Union, where undergraduates get a chance to practise speaking in public. Cambridge’s comedy clubFootlights has produced many first-class comedians, while some of the UK’s most famous actors and actresses began their careers at The Oxford University Dramatic Society, known as OUDS. Then there’s the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, which takes place every year in March or April, and is watched on television all over the UK.So with all this excellence in so many fields, it’s not surprising that the ambition of clever students all over the world is to attend either one of these great universities.。

Unit 1 Starting outInside viewConversation 1Porter Good afternoon.Janet Good afternoon.Porter New student?Janet Yes.Porter Welcome to Hertford College.Janet Thank you.Porter Can I have your family name, please?Janet Yes, it's Li.Porter Er, L-double E?Janet No, L-I.Porter And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet Janet.Porter Janet Li... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet Where's my room?Porter You're in Staircase 6 Room 5.Janet Who am I sharing with?Porter Nobody. You have your own room. Er...there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you.Janet Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet Thank you Sir.Porter No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet Please call me Janet!Porter OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet Yes!Kate I guess we're neighbours. My name's Kate Santos.Janet I'm Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate From New York. How about you?Janet I'm from Anshan in China.Kate Is Janet your real name?Janet No, it's my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate No, it's short for Catherine.Janet So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate Everyone calls me Kate.Janet Nice to meet you.Kate OK, Janet. See you later.Janet Bye!Conversation 3Kate Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet Is this where we have all our meals?Kate I guess.Mark You just arrived?Girls Yes!Mark Me too. By the way, I'm Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate Hi, I'm Kate.Mark Hi Kate, I guess you're from the States.Kate Right! How can you tell? You're British, huh?Mark Yes, I'm from London. And you are ...?Janet I'm Li Hui. I'm from China. But you can call me Janet.Mark Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading?Janet English.Mark How about you, Kate?Kate My major is law. And you?Mark I'm studying PPE.Kate That's a special Oxford subject, isn't it?Outside viewJulie My name's Julie Dearden, and I'm the Director of International Programmes here at Hertford College. Eugene My name's Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er, studying modern languages at Somerville College.Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions. Oxford is a very old university, the oldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there are many traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of the year, and with sport, and with eating, for example.Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the others, and it has its own character. Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much more liberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are also some specific traditions.Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors and the students. Usually it takes places at seven o'clock in the evening, and the professors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students sit on common table, which are the tables here. But everybody eats together. It's a very beautiful evening because there are, there's a special meal and we eat by candlelight.Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly the Oxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being a debating society where speakers come from all around the world to address the students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students, making it a very interesting forum. Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and we have a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody gets up very early and the students have a celebration. There is a choir which sings on top of the tower at Magdalen College and all the people of the town and all the students go to listen to the singing. So it's very nice.Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably Summer Eights. I was a rower. And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held in May in the summer term. And in this competition, each college is trying to improve its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its way up the river.Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and it's called Examination Schools. And also they must wear a special uniform, so they wear E.gown like mine, a black gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid the men wear a white tie and black trousers. The women wear a white shirt and a black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, which has a Latin name - sub fuse — and they must wear this uniform in order to take their examinations.Eugene I think the Oxford traditions lend character to the place and it's such an old institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient. For example, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according to the university rules, to wear.Julie They also wear flowers in their buttonholes, and those flowers are carnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear different coloured flowers for different examinations. So when you take your first exam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam you wear a pink flower, and when you take your final examination you wear a red carnation.Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tie and carry a mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilst wearing all that which you're not allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable.Julie I really like the Oxford traditions, I think it's part of our history, and part of um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right? Professor That's right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?Professor In total there are eight institutions: There's Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.Interviewer Ah, OK. And what's the sporting ... I believe there's some link with sports.Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports. But in the last50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn't possible to be bothworld-famous for research and also top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they're academically very, very important, they're very well-known.Professor Absolutely at the top. They're near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And they're almost always in the top one per cent of the world's academic institutions for financial resources. Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor Certainly if you've been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them.Interviewer And do you know ... why's it called the Ivy League, what's the origin of the name?Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it's based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, that's the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s. Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that's Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. It's about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.Jane I've heard about that film, yes. He's played by Russell Crowe, isn't he? I like Russell Crowe, he's great. Andy That's the one, yes.Jane What's it about?Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as a graduate student.Jane That's one of the Ivy League schools, isn't it?Andy Yes, it's all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It's lovely to look at.Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he's looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So he's not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but he's not very good with people or successful with women, that's all. But, you know, it's one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy That's about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he's been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he's chased by the Russians, and it's after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think I've seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when he's put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He's given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but it's well acted and directed, and so, you know, there's a-bit of distance between the audience and what's happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because we're no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash's mind.Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,Andy Actually, I'm kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while he's using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 3 Learning to thinkInside viewConversation 1Mark Hi, what're you doing?Janet Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark Let's have a look then.Janet Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory?" I've just done it. Do you want to have a go? Mark OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready?Mark Yea.Janet OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet You're right, exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark That sounds about right. True?Janet No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things.Mark That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired.Janet Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark I'm not sure ... True?Janet Actually, it's false.Mark Oh!Janet Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet True, it says here.Mark Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet Well... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet It's not the amount of work - but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so much training in critical thinking.Kate What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet OK.Kate Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet Why do you say that?Kate That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet Can you give an example of some research?Kate Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Outside viewPart 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What we're going to do today is start off looking at mind maps or mind mapping. Now have any of you heard about mind maps before?Students Yes ... No ...Teacher Yes. Some of you have, some of you haven't. OK. Have any of you actually used mind maps in the past? Students No ...Teacher No? OK. Who can tell me what a mind map is?Student 1 It's a way of thinking.Teacher It is a way of thinking. Mind maps are diagrams which help us to generate ideas, and also to organize or structure our ideas related to a topic. What I'd like to do next is look at some of the uses or the reasons for using mind maps. What are some of the reasons for using mind maps?Student 2 To make a list?Teacher To make a list? Yes. We could say to brainstorm ideas. Everyone contributes then-ideas as many ideas as quickly as possible, from everyone in a shorter time, er, as, as we can manage. OK, brainstorming is one of the most important um, um, uses of mind maps. What might be another use or another reason for using mind maps?Student 3 It can help me take notes in the class.Teacher OK, for the note-taking, a very good reason. Mind maps help us to get an overview or a, a quick understanding about a subject. By using mind maps to collect the main ideas from what the teacher says, you can keep a, a very general understanding of a topic and understand connections quite easily and um, quickly.What are some other uses of mind maps?Student 4 Preparing for exams?Teacher OK. Preparing for exams. That's a, a very good reason. We might call this, er, revision. Before an exam,after having studied for many, many days or even weeks, you might want to capture the, the, the very general understanding about the subject. Are there any other uses that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 5 We can also use it for finding answers.Teacher For finding answers. That's, that's a very good, good answer. We could call this problem-solving. We can use mind maps to, to see other possible alternatives, or options to, to, to solve a problem. OK. Next, I'd like us to talk about some of the advantages or the benefits of using mind maps instead of just writing everything on a piece of paper. One of the most obvious advantages, as you can see, is that mind maps are very visual. They give us um, almost a picture, a, a different perspective in terms of a picture, or a diagram of understanding information or understanding connected ideas, which is very helpful for people who like to learn from a different way. Are there any other advantages that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 4 It lists the main points.Teacher They do. They do list the main points. We could call this um, a quick summary. As you can see, we have main ideas throughout our mind map, not long texts. And in this way, it helps us to grasp the, the key ideas and the key connections for mind maps or for our given subject. Are there any other advantages you can think of? Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. That's, that's a very good point. We could call this creative thinking. And what we mean here is basically thinking outside of the box or thinking laterally. Mind maps are illogical and by being illogical they encourage us to think creatively, you might say.Part2Teacher Next, I'd like us to think about aspects of design or constructing mind maps. So far we have completed three quarters of our mind map about mind maps. And then I'd just like you to have a look at this mind map and tell me what some of the most noticeable or striking features are that we can talk about.Student 2 There is a centre.Teacher There is a centre. There is what we call a central word, a central word or a phrase. It might also be a sentence or a question. You might have that in the centre of the board and your related thoughts spiraling or radiating out. What else do you notice about the design of this mind map?Student 1 There are only words, not sentences.Teacher Exactly. There are many what we call key words as they capture the main thought of, of an issue rather than a long sentence or, or a passage. This helps us to concentrate on the main issues and find connections between these issues as well. What other aspects of design do you notice here?Student 5 It looks like a tree.Teacher It does look like a tree because it has branches. By having branches, it shows how, um, thinking is radiating out or spiraling out from key ideas or central ideas to key words to sub-words and, and so forth. Are there any other aspects of design which you notice in this particular map?Student 2 You used a lot of colours.Teacher I did. I perhaps use too many colours. I have used different colour to show the different key words or different aspects of mind mapping. You might like to use different colours to highlight different sections of a mind map or key information. Or you may, you may choose to have it all in one colour. It's very much a personal choice, depending on how you like to, to think and, and plan your thinking. You might also like to use images or pictures related to some of the key words. Or you might even use symbols. We'll put a question mark because this again is a personal choice and how you like to design your mind maps. For example, I might choose to use a thought bubble as a symbol, highlighting or identifying my central phrase, mind maps. This could be a, a feature of my own mind maps. Whenever I design a mind map, I highlight my central thought using a speech bubble symbol.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer With us today is Martin Downes, a carpenter, who's 51. A year ago, Martin had a stroke. But he's been lucky enough to make a full recovery from it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?Martin I'm very happy to - not that I remember much at all. I was at a customer's house, building a cupboard, and the next thing I knew, I woke up in hospital with people in white coats bending over me.Interviewer It must have been very frightening.Martin It was. But what was really frightening was that I couldn't speak. I couldn't say a word. And I couldn't understand much that people said to me.Interviewer How awful!Martin Yeah! I don't know what would have happened to me if I hadn't had my family. But they were there for me, they really were. I had something called aphasia, where the part of your brain gets damaged that affects your speech and language. But they started treatment for the condition almost immediately. This speech and language therapist came to see me every day for 12 weeks. They made me do all these exercises.Interviewer What kind of exercises?Martin I had to match words and pictures and say their names. You see, I'd also forgotten the names of a lot of things. She had this thing called a word board and I could point to words and phrases on it that I wanted to say.I had to repeat words up to 20 times - boy, it was hard, so hard.Interviewer Could you say anything to begin with?Martin I could say three words. "Hi", "Yes" and "No". That was all. And there were a lot of words I couldn't understand -1 had to learn their meanings all over again.Interviewer It must have been very frustrating.Martin It was, but I was determined to get better. I was in hospital for three and a half months. When I got home I got a special computer programme that I worked with every day. And slowly my language came back to me. It was a struggle, a big struggle. I had to learn to read and write again too.Interviewer Why do you think that you were able to recover completely? It's not that common, is it?Martin I was lucky. I was given the right drug at the right time. And I had 12 weeks of therapy, five days a week.That's very important, apparently.Interviewer And now that you're better how do you feel about your life?Martin What can I say? I'm just grateful to have my life back.Passage 2Interviewer In 1907 an Italian educator called Maria Montessori opened a school in Rome that taught young children using methods that were very different from traditional teaching. Today, the Montessori method, as it's known, is used in nursery schools in countries such as America, Canada, Britain and Germany. Recent research shows that children educated at a Montessori nursery do better later on at school than other children in all subjects. We asked two Montessori teachers, Claudia Rosella and Sarah Harrington, to explain what makes their nursery school different. Sarah...Sarah I think the first thing to say is that a Montessori classroom is very quiet, very clean. Everything stays in the same place. So the children are calm and quiet as a result.Interviewer So they're not encouraged to be noisy.Sarah No, definitely not...Interviewer Claudia?Claudia Yes, the classroom's very important. Another important principle is that children direct their own learning.They choose what they want to do.Interviewer So the teacher doesn't tell the child what to do?Sarah Not at all. While a child is doing an activity we observe them. Then we work with the child for a short time and then leave them to work on their own.Interviewer That sounds excellent. And what about your equipment? It's often made of wood, isn't it?Sarah Yes, and a piece of equipment is often designed for one activity only.Claudia Right. It's so that the child can see if they're getting something right or wrong.Interviewer So they don't need the teacher so much"?Sarah That's right. Another Montessori principle is the importance of physical activity. Children learn by doing, so when they're learning to read, for example, the letters are made of sandpaper so that children can feel the shape of the letter.Interviewer Do you think there are disadvantages with Montessori methods?Claudia Yes, there are. Maria Montessori didn't understand how important it is for children to use their imagination. If she was alive today, she would recognize that. But still, the fact is, her methods are very successful.Unit 4 Person to personInside viewConversation 1Kate Oh, I must make a quick call.Jacky Hello, Jacky Gordon speaking.Kate Hello, can I speak to Abbie, please?Jacky I'll see if she's in, can you hold on?Kate Sure.Jacky Hello? She's out, I'm afraid. Can I give her a message - er ... or I can ask her to call you back?Kate Could you ask her to call me back?Jacky Sure. Who's calling?Kate Kate Santos.Jacky Kate Santos, OK. Does Abbie have your number?Kate Yes, she does.Jacky I'll tell her you called.Kate Thanks.Janet Abbie? I know a girl called Abbie. She reads English, doesn't she?Kate Yes, how do you know her?Janet She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well.Kate Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it's because she's really interested in people - she's a very good listener.She should be, she works for Nightline.Janet Nightline?Kate Oh, I haven't told you, I've joined it.Janet What is it? I've never heard of it.Kate Look, I've got a leaflet about it.Janet So...Kate It's a university helpline for students who are having problems. I'm training to be one of the people they can call to talk to.Janet You mean, you're a volunteer?Kate Yes.Janet Oh, that's great, Kate.Conversation 2Abbie Hi, Abbie speaking.Kate Hi, Abbie, it's Kate Santos.Abbie Hi! I'm sorry not to have called you back. I've got a lot on at the moment. How's things?Kate Fine. I just wanted to let you know I won't be able to come to the next training session.Abbie Um ... It's quite an important session. Oh, can you hold on a moment. There's someone at the door.…Abbie Hi, I'm sorry, look, can I call you back later?Kate Sure. What time?Abbie Is three o'clock OK?Kate Three's fine.Abbie OK, I'll call you then. Speak soon.Kate Bye.Abbie Bye.…Kate Abbie's my Nightline trainer.Janet You're saying she's your Nightline trainer! But she's still a student.Kate Well, experienced students train new students, that's the way it works.Janet Oh, I see.Kate It's great! At the moment, she's training us in listening skills.Janet Listening skills? What do you mean, listening skills?Kate Um ... The ability to really listen to someone and make them feel you're listening. It's very important.Janet I've never thought about that before.Kate Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeat what someone says but maybe a little differently.Janet So what you're saying is, repeat what someone says but maybe not the exact same words?Kate Yes. You see, when you do that, you check you've understood and you show them you're really listening.Janet So they know you've really heard them.Kate Very good, Janet. I can see you've got it already! Hi,... how's it going?Outside viewVoice-over It's the most popular means of communication in the 21st century. Nobody writes letters any more, especially young people. They all use text messaging instead. Officially called SMS - short message service - text messaging is slow to enter, and you can only key in 160 characters. So why is it such a success? The first text message was sent in 1992, but texting only became commercially available in 1995. It has grown incredibly quickly since then. Just look at the graph. In 1999, the number of texts sent reached one billion.Over the next three years, it grew to 20 billion! So people have now sent billions of texts, and the number continues to rise. It isn't difficult to see why it quickly became part of youth culture.Emily I use it every day. I don't call a lot of people on it. I just use it for text messages because it's easy and quick to send things and arrange things by text.Heidi Mainly to friends. Sometimes it's useful to get information for work as well. You know, if people want to give you contact numbers or things like that, it's easier than phoning.Andy I've had my mobile phone for about three years. I mostly use it for just texting my mates and arranging sort of social meetings with them.Alice I like texting. I don't really talk much on it except just to make arrangements but texting's the biggest thing I do.Male I probably text message about ten, 15 times a day.Alice Usually, I don't know, about ten. Ten to 15. Fifteen maybe to 20.Voice-over It isn't just young people who use texting. Companies use it too - for advertising and promotion. For example, the Orange telephone network has run a text message promotional campaign since April 2004. People text a special number on a Wednesday and receive a discount voucher by text. They show this message to any one of 450 cinemas in Britain and get two tickets for the price of one. Why Wednesday? Wednesday has always been the worst day of the week for cinemas. Since the campaign started, cinema attendance has risen on Wednesdays by nearly ten per cent. And, of course, TV uses text message voting to decide lots of things. Texting has been one of the most successful inventions for years.Listening inPassage 1John Are you packed?Mike Yup. Everything's there.John Sure you've packed your mobile?。

Unit 1 Starting outInside viewConversation 1Porter Good afternoon.Janet Good afternoon.Porter New student?Janet Yes.Porter Welcome to Hertford College.Janet Thank you.Porter Can I have your family name, please?Janet Yes, it’s Li.Porter Er, L-double E?Janet No, L-I.Porter And what’s your first name, Ms Li?Janet Janet.Porter Janet Li... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet Where’s my room?Porter You’re in Staircase 6 Room 5.Janet Who am I sharing with?Porter Nobody. You have your own room. Er...there’s a Ms Santos in the room next to you. Janet Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter Well, here you don’t have to share with anyone.Janet Thank you Sir.Porter No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet Please call me Janet!Porter OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet Yes!Kate I guess we’re neighbours. My name’s Kate Santos.Janet I’m Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate From New York. How about you?Janet I’m from Anshan in China.Kate Is Janet your real name?Janet No, it’s my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate No, it’s short for Catherine.Janet So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate Everyone calls me Kate.Janet Nice to meet you.Kate OK, Janet. See you later.Janet Bye!Conversation 3Kate Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet Is this where we have all our meals?Kate I guess.Mark You just arrived?Girls Yes!Mark Me too. By the way, I’m Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate Hi, I’m Kate.Mark Hi Kate, I guess you’re from the States.Kate Right! How can you tell? You’re British, huh?Mark Yes, I’m from London. And you are ...?Janet I’m Li Hui. I’m from China. But you can call me Janet.Mark Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading?Janet English.Mark How about you, Kate?Kate My major is law. And you?Mark I’m studying PPE.Kate That’s a special Oxford subject, isn’t it?Outside viewJulie My name’s Julie Dearden, and I’m the Director of International Programmes here at Hertford College.Eugene My name’s Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er, studying modern languages at Somerville College.Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions. Oxford is a very old university, the oldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there are many traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of the year, and with sport, and with eating, for example.Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the others, and it has its own character.Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much more liberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are also some specific traditions.Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors and the students.Usually it takes places at seven o’clock in the evening, and the professors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students sit on common table, which are the tables here.But everybody eats together. It’s a very beautiful evening because there are, there’s a special meal and we eat by candlelight.Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly the Oxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being a debating society where speakers come from all around the world to address the students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students, making it a very interesting forum.Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and we have a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody gets up very early and the students havea celebration. There is a choir which sings on top of the tower at Magdalen College and allthe people of the town and all the students go to listen to the singing. So it’s very nice. Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably Summer Eights. I was a rower.And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held in May in the summer term. And in this competition, each college is trying to improve its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its way up the river.Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and it’s called Examination Schools. And also they must wear a special uniform, so they wear E.gown like mine, a black gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid the men wear a white tie and black trousers. The women wear a white shirt and a black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, which has a Latin name - sub fuse — and they must wear this uniform in order to take their examinations.Eugene I think the Oxford traditions lend character to the place and it’s such an old institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient. For example, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according to the university rules, to wear.Julie They also wear flowers in their buttonholes, and those flowers are carnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear different coloured flowers for different examinations. So when you take your first exam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam you wear a pink flower, and when you take your final examination you weara red carnation.Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tie and carrya mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilst wearing all that which you’renot allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable.Julie I really like the Oxford traditions, I think it’s part of our history, and part of um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You’re a professor at Harvard, is that right?Professor That’s right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?Professor In total there are eight institutions: There’s Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.Interviewer Ah, OK. And what’s the sporting ... I believe there’s some link with sports. Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports. But in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn’t possible to be both world-famous for research and also top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they’re academically very, very important, they’re very well-known.Professor Absolutely at the top. They’re near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And they’re almost always in the top one per cent of the world’s academic institutions for financial resources.Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor Certainly if you’ve been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them.Interviewer And do you know ... why’s it called the Ivy League, what’s the origin of the name? Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it’s based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, that’s the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s.Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that’s Harvard which was founded in 1636.And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. It’s about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize. Jane I’ve heard about that film, yes. He’s played by Russell Crowe, isn’t he? I like Russell Crowe, he’s great.Andy That’s the one, yes.Jane What’s it about?Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash’s life at Princeton University as a graduate student.Jane That’s one of the Ivy League schools, isn’t it?Andy Yes, it’s all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It’s lovely to look at. Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he’s looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So he’s not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but he’s not very good with people or successful with women, that’s all. But, you know, it’s one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy That’s about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he’s been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he’s chased by the Russians, and it’s after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think I’ve seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when he’s put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He’s given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but it’s well acted and directed, and so, you know, there’s a-bit of distance between the audience and what’s happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because we’re no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash’s mind. Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,Andy Actually, I’m kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while he’s using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics. Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 2 Food, glorious food!Inside viewConversation 1Kate Oh, this looks nice.Mark Cool.Waitress Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark Let’s have a look at the menu.Mark Thank you.Janet Thank you.Waitress The specials are on the board.Kate So, what sort of food do you like, Janet?Janet Well, I like spicy food. And I’m not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend? Mark Why don’t you try the chicken curry? That’s nice and spicy.Janet What’s in it?Mark Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet I’ll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person? Mark Usually one dish per person.Kate Or the moussaka looks good.Janet What’s it made with?Kate It’s made with lamb and eggplant. It’s a Greek dish.Janet How is it cooked?Kate It’s baked in the oven.Janet Mm, that sounds good too.Kate And as a starter?Janet What’s minestrone soup?Mark It’s an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It’s delicious!Janet OK, I’ll have that.Kate Waitress?Waitress What can I get for you?Kate Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark?Mark I’ll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress OK.Mark Thank you.Waitress Thanks.Janet What’s chilli con carne?Mark It’s a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It’s very hot!Conversation2Janet That was great! Except I don’t like cold water. I usually drink hot water.Kate Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let’s have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet Any suggestions?Kate Well, why don’t you try the apple strudel? It’s an Austrian dish. It’s made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet No, I’m not so keen on pastry. ... What’s a chocolate brownie?Mark It’s a kind of chocolate cake.Janet How is it made?Kate It’s made with flour, eggs and butter ...Mark And lots of chocolate!Kate You’ll love it.Janet What kind of ice cream is there?Kate I’ll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavour ice cream do you have?Waitress Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet I’ll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate Same for me.Mark Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie?Waitress Sure.Outside viewVoice-over We were lucky to be invited into the kitchen at the Dooky Chase’s Restaurant. Leahhas been working in the restaurant for over 50 years. She told us about her life and she explained how to make a simple dish called "shrimp Clemenceau".Leah This is a very simple dish. First you get some shrimp. You can do this dish with chicken or shrimp, but I like it with the shrimp better. So you just brown a little thing... Interviewer And, and what’s, what’s the actual, what’s the cooking in?Leah Butter.Interviewer OK.Leah It just cook, so here you get a little cholesterol, but hey, that’s it, a little cholesterol.Then you wanna get the garlic. So you see it works two forces. You get the cholesterol, and then you get a little garlic, cut out on the cholesterol, you see.Interviewer OK. And where did you, where did you learn all the cooking?Leah Well, my mother, you know. I’m the top of the line of 11 children, so you get to learn how to cook whether you like it or not. You get to cook that way. Then here you want to adda little mushroom in here, this is just sliced button mushroom. If you like other mushroom,you can do that, we just saute that in there. You know, at home, when you, you have to cook, everybody had that turn in the kitchen. So this is a dish that is used in several restaurants, but this is my own version. Some people do it different than this, but I like it this way, because I like the ... Can you smell the garlic in there?Interviewer Oh, yeah.Leah Alright?Interviewer That smell is very strong.Leah Uha, and then you want to add your peas. It’s very, very simple.Interviewer And did you, did your mum run the restaurant as well?Leah No, no, my mother-in-law. My mother-in-law had this restaurant before I came in. And she started it in 41. I came in in 46. So, and I added many things. You have to understand in41. Now here we can add our potatoes. You see our shrimp is all cooked there.-Just add thepotato. You can pre-cook your potatoes. You can boil them, or in this case, we, we blanch them a little bit. In that and just toss together, and you get one, you get just one casserole like here. And you can put a little pepper on it. Give it a good dash of pepper. A little salt. It’s very simple, but it’s a good dish. And as I said, you can do it with chicken breast or shrimp. You see? Toss it and get it there.Interviewer And what do you, what do you call the dish?Leah A shrimp Clemenceau. And I, I really don’t know how it got that name, but it’s popular in this area. But as I said, some people do it a little different. You can take wine at this point. You can hit a little wine in there if you like it, but I, I just don’t like to kill the taste of the butter and the garlic. I like that a lot. And you can take the parsley, always parsley.Interviewer That’s parsley, isn’t it?Leah Parsley. Uhm. And I’m gonna show you something that all Creoles keep in their kitchen.You see you get kind of a like a dull look here. But every Creole has this paprika in their kitchen. And give it all a dash of paprika. And you get a little color there, you see? A little red color there. And it’s very, very simple, great dish to eat. Not hard to make. You see?And you have a good dish.Listening inPassage 1Ben If it’s a formal meal, maybe Thanksgiving or Christmas, or if you’re with your boss or someone like that, you are being careful about your table manners. So you’d wait until everyone is served before you eat. But most of the time,, if you know each other well you would just go ahead and start. It’s more usual to entertain them at home because it shows your hospitality.We have a lot of barbecues outside, maybe in the garden or maybe at a campsite. But sometimes if you don’t want to cook, you can go to a restaurant.Oh, well, after dessert you’ll have a little talk, then talk some more, have some coffee.Then you’ll say, "Oh well, it’s time for us, we should get going." And if you don’t thenyou’re probably going to be rude and stay too late.Michelle Well, it would be between 8 and 8.30. It is unusual that if somebody is invited for8 they would be there at 7.30 or 7.45. Probably 8, or 8.30 would be when all the guests wouldarrive. It’s OK to refuse something if you don’t like it, but it might be embarrassing.For example, if I’m cooking dinner and I discover one of my guests is a vegetarian, I’ll feel a bit frustrated that I didn’t know before. But usually everyone tries everything. Tom Well, usually the host serves the guests, so you should make sure you tell him or her not to give you too much, because yes, it’s quite important to eat everything on your plate.It doesn’t matter if you leave something, but if you leave a lot, it will look as if you don’t like their cooking.My mother always told me to put my hands on my lap, under the table when I wasn’t eating, and I would be in big trouble if I ever put my elbows on the table. But actually I know that in some countries that’s considered rude. So I might rest my hands or my arms on the table, and I suppose it’s a bit more relaxed today than it used to be when I was young.No, it’s the worst thing you can do if you’re eating. Any strange noises are absolutely forbidden. I mean you can say "mmm, this is good", but nothing more than that. And even when you drink soup or eat noodles, you have to do it in silence, otherwise it’s considered very bad manners.Passage 2News-reader The government announced today that they are going to ban advertisements for junk food during TV programmes for children under the age of 16. The rules will include any foods that are high in fat, salt and sugar. There will be a total ban on ads during children’s programmes and on children’s channels, as well as adult programmes watched by a large number of children. But there will not be a total ban on all ads for junk food which are shown on television before 9 pm. This was thought to be "over the top" by representatives of the food industry. The new rules will come into effect before the end of December this year, and mean that television channels will lose about £39 million in revenue for advertising.So why has the government introduced this ban? We asked leading food and nutrition expert, Neil Bennett.Neil Well, we all know that over the last 30 years, what we call junk food, bad food with too much fat and salt, has become easily available and eating habits have changed.However, in recent years many of us have become aware of the importance of keeping fit and eating healthily, and this means people are not going to fast food restaurants so often. So, the result is that the fast food business has increased the number of ads in order to recover some of the business it’s lost.News-reader And how do the fast food restaurants do this?Neil The biggest problem is that they aim their ads at young people. One well-known fast food restaurant chain sells hamburgers which come with a free gift, usually a toy which is linked to a new children’s film. Other fast food restaurants aim their ads at teenage and college-age men, trying to make their food trendy and, you know, kind of masculine food.News-reader So a ban on junk food ads will stop the sales of junk food?Neil Almost certainly not, but it might reduce the growth of the fast food industry.News-reader So you’re in favour of the ban?Neil As a nutritionist, I am. As a father of two young children, I’m not sure.News-reader Why not?Neil Because less money from advertising will mean less money for children’s TV programmes.So we’re likely to see more cheap and violent cartoons, and fewer programmes produced specially for children.News-reader So the choice is between junk food and junk television?Neil Yes, that just about sums it up.News-reader Neil Bennett, thank you.Unit 3 Learning to thinkInside viewConversation 1Mark Hi, what’re you doing?Janet Oh, nothing much... Well, I’m just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark Let’s have a look then.Janet Here. It’s called, "How much do you know about memory?" I’ve just done it. Do you want to have a go?Mark OK, might as well. I’m not busy.Janet Right. Look, I’ll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready? Mark Yea.Janet OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet You’re right, exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visualmemory.Mark That sounds about right. True?Janet No, wrong, I’m afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark Really? Actually, I’ve got a pretty good memory.Janet Have you? OK... Next one... When you’re tired, it’s more difficult to remember things. Mark That’s true, obviously. I can’t remember a thing when I’m tired.Janet Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark I’m not sure ... True?Janet Actually, it’s false.Mark Oh!Janet Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet True, it says here.Mark Oh, no! I’ve got a lecture. I’d forgotten. I’d better get going!Janet Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate You’re looking a bit down, Janet. What’s up?Janet Well... I’m finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate You’re telling me! There’s so much work!Janet It’s not the amount of work - but everything’s so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don’t have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do.So I’m not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate You have to memorize a lot, don’t you?Janet Yes, but I’m good at that.Kate You’re lucky. There’s so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet Yes, well, we’ve been trained to do that. But we don’t have so much training in critical thinking.Kate What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet Let me think ... I think it’s giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate Yes, I suppose that’s what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate Hey! How about this? Let’s pretend I’m your tutor. I’ll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet OK.Kate Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet Why do you say that?Kate That’s what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet Can you give an example of some research?Kate Um ... No! Look, I’m starving and I can’t think at all when I’m hungry.Outside viewPart 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What we’re going to do today is start off looking at mind maps or mind mapping. Now have any of you heard about mind maps before?Students Yes ... No ...Teacher Yes. Some of you have, some of you haven’t. OK. Have any of you actually used mind maps in the past?Students No ...Teacher No? OK. Who can tell me what a mind map is?Student 1 It’s a way of thinking.Teacher It is a way of thinking. Mind maps are diagrams which help us to generate ideas, and also to organize or structure our ideas related to a topic. What I’d like to do next is look at some of the uses or the reasons for using mind maps. What are some of the reasons for using mind maps?Student 2 To make a list?Teacher To make a list? Yes. We could say to brainstorm ideas. Everyone contributes then-ideas as many ideas as quickly as possible, from everyone in a shorter time, er, as, as we can manage.OK, brainstorming is one of the most important um, um, uses of mind maps. What might be another use or another reason for using mind maps?Student 3 It can help me take notes in the class.Teacher OK, for the note-taking, a very good reason. Mind maps help us to get an overview or a, a quick understanding about a subject. By using mind maps to collect the main ideas from what the teacher says, you can keep a, a very general understanding of a topic and understand connections quite easily and um, quickly. What are some other uses of mind maps?Student 4 Preparing for exams?Teacher OK. Preparing for exams. That’s a, a very good reason. We might call this, er, revision.Before an exam, after having studied for many, many days or even weeks, you might want to capture the, the, the very general understanding about the subject. Are there any other uses that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 5 We can also use it for finding answers.Teacher For finding answers. That’s, that’s a very good, good answer. We could call this problem-solving. We can use mind maps to, to see other possible alternatives, or options to, to, to solve a problem. OK. Next, I’d like us to talk about some of the advantages or the benefits of using mind maps instead of just writing everything on a piece of paper. One of the most obvious advantages, as you can see, is that mind maps are very visual. They give us um, almost a picture, a, a different perspective in terms of a picture, or a diagram of understanding information or understanding connected ideas, which is very helpful for people who like to learn from a different way. Are there any other advantages that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 4 It lists the main points.Teacher They do. They do list the main points. We could call this um, a quick summary. As you can see, we have main ideas throughout our mind map, not long texts. And in this way, it helps us to grasp the, the key ideas and the key connections for mind maps or for our given subject.Are there any other advantages you can think of?Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. That’s, that’s a very good point. We could call this creative thinking. And what we mean here is basically thinking outside of the box or thinking laterally.Mind maps are illogical and by being illogical they encourage us to think creatively, you might say.。

新标准视听说1原文Unit 1。

Part 1。

A: Good morning, everyone. My name is Tom. What's your name? B: Good morning, Tom. My name is Sarah.A: Nice to meet you, Sarah.B: Nice to meet you, too.A: Are you a new student?B: Yes, I am.A: Where are you from, Sarah?B: I'm from Canada. How about you?A: I'm from the United States.B: That's great. I've always wanted to visit the United States.A: You should come and visit. It's a beautiful country.B: I hope I can visit one day.Part 2。

A: Excuse me, are you a new student?B: Yes, I am. My name is John. What's your name?A: Hi, John. I'm Lisa. Nice to meet you.B: Nice to meet you, too, Lisa.A: Where are you from, John?B: I'm from Australia. How about you?A: I'm from England.B: That's interesting. I've never been to England before. A: You should come and visit. It's a lovely place.B: I hope I can visit one day.Part 3。

新标准大学英语视听说教程(1)inside_view听力原文Unit 1Conversation 1Porter: Good afternoon.Janet: Good afternoon.Porter: New student?Janet: Yes.Porter: Welcome to Hertford College.Janet: Thank you.Porter: Can I have your family name, please?Jane t: Yes, it's Li.Porter: Er, L-double E?Janet: No, L-I.Po r te r: And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet:Janet.Porter: Janet Li ... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet: Where's my room?Porter: You're in staircase 6 room 5.Jane t: Who am I sharing with?Porter: Nobody. You have your own room. Er ... there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you. Janet: Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter: Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet: Thank you sir.Porter: No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet: Please call me Janet!Porter: OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate: Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet: Yes!Kate: I guess we’re neighbors. My name’s Kate Santos.Janet: I’m Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate: From New York. How about you?Janet: I’m from Anshan in China.Kate: Is Janet your real name?Janet: No, it’s my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate: No, it’s short for Catherine.Janet: So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate: Everyone calls me Kate.Conversation 3Unit 2Conversation 1Kate: Oh, this looks nice.Mark: Cool.Waitress: Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark: Let's have a look at the menu.Mark: Thank you.Janet: Thank you.Waitress: The specials are on the board.Kate: So, what sorts of food do you like, Janet?Janet: Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend? Mark: Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy.Janet: What's in it?Mark: Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet: I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person?Mark: Usually one dish per person.Kate: Or the moussaka looks good.Janet: What's it made with?Kate: It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet: How is it cooked?Kate: It's baked in the oven.Janet: Mm, that sounds good too.Kate: And as a starter?Janet: What's minestrone soup?Mark: It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious!Janet: OK, I'll have that.Kate: Waitress?Waitress: What can I get for you?Kate: Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark?Mark: I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress: OK.Mark: Thank you.Waitress: Thanks.Janet: What's chilli con carne?Mark: It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation 2Janet: That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water.Kate: Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet: Any suggestions?Kate: Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet: No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ...What's a chocolate brownie?Mark: It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet: How is it made?Kate: It's made with flour, eggs and butter...Mark: And lots of chocolate!Kate: You'll love it.Janet: What kind of ice cream is there?Kate: I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavor ice cream do you have?Waitress: Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet: I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark: And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate: Same for me.Mark: Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie?Waitress: Sure.Unit 3Conversation 1Mark: Hi, what're you doing?Janet: Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark: Let's have a look then.Janet: Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory?" I've just done it. Do you want to have a go?Mark: OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet: Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready?Mark: Yea.Janet: OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark: True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet: You're right; exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark: That sounds about right. True?Janet: No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark: Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet: Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things.Mark: That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired.Janet: Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark: I'm not sure ... True?Janet: Actually, it's false.Mark: Oh!Janet: Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark: I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet: True, it says here.Mark: Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet: Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate: You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet: Well ... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate: You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet: It's not the amount of work, but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate: You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet: Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate: You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do. Janet: Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so much training in critical thinking. Kate: What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet: Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate: Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet: I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate: Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet: OK.Kate: Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet: Why do you say that?Kate: That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet: Can you give an example of some research?Kate: Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Unit 4Conversation 1Kate: Oh, I must make a quick call. ...Jacky: Hello, Jacky Gordon speaking.Kate: Hello, can I speak to Abbie, please?Jacky: I'll see if she's in, can you hold on?Kate: Sure. ...Jacky: Hello? She's out, I'm afraid. Can I give her a message — er ... or I can ask her to call you back? Kate: Could you ask her to call me back?Jacky: Sure. Who's calling?Kate: Kate Santos.Jacky: Kate Santos, OK. Does Abbie have your number?Kate: Yes, she does.Jacky: I'll tell her you called.Kate: Thanks.Janet: Abbie? I know a girl called Abbie. She reads English, doesn't she?Kate: Yes, how do you know her?Janet: She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well.Kate: Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it's because she's really interested in people — she's a very good listener. She should be, she works for Nightline.Janet: Nightline?Kate: Oh, I haven't told you, I've joined it.Janet: What is it? I've never heard of it.Kate: Look, I've got a leaflet about it.Janet: So...Kate: It's a university helpline for students who are having problems. I'm training to be one of the people they can call to talk to.Janet: You mean, you're a volunteer?Kate: Yes.Janet: Oh, that's great, KateConversation 2Abbie: Hi, Abbie speaking.Kate: Hi, Abbie, it's Kate Santos.Abbie: Hi! I'm sorry not to have called you back. I've got a lot on at the moment. How's things?Kate: Fine. I just wanted to let you know I won't be able to come to the next training session.Abbie: Um ... It's quite an important session. Oh, can you hold on a moment. There's someone at the door. ...Abbie: Hi, I'm sorry, look, can I call you back later?Kate: Sure. What time?Abbie: Is three o'clock OK?Kate: Three's fine.Abbie: OK, I'll call you then. Speak soon.Kate: Bye.Abbie: Bye....Kate: Abbie's my Nightline trainer.Janet: You're saying she's your Nightline trainer! But she's still a student.Kate: Well, experienced students train new students, that's the way it works.Janet: Oh, I see.Kate: It's great! At the moment, she's training us in listening skills.Janet: Listening skills? What do you mean, listening skills?Kate: Um ... The ability to really listen to someone and make them feel you're listening. It's very important.Janet: I've never thought about that before.Kate: Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeat what someone says but maybe a little differently.Janet: So what you're saying is, repeat what someone says but maybe not the exact same words. Kate: Yes. You see, when you do that, you check you've understood and you show them you're really listening.Janet: So they know you've really heard them.Kate: Very good, Janet. I can see you've got it already! Hi ... how's it going?Unit 5Conversation 1Kate: Hi, Becky, how's it going?Becky: Good!Mark: Guys, look, can you help me with a problem?Janet: Yes, of course.Mark: The thing is, there's this girl I really like called Jenny Sparks. She's a Fresher, really stunning, reads history. I know her name because someone pointed her out to me, but I've never actually spoken to her. Do either of you know her?Kate: No.Janet: No, I don't know her. Mark, how can you like her if you haven't met her?Kate: It's because she's absolutely gorgeous, Janet.Mark: That's right! I want to ask her out, but first I've got to meet her. Got any suggestions?Becky: Guys! You want to order?Mark: Sorry.Kate: Three cappuccinos?Becky: Sure.Janet: Do you know anyone who knows her? You could ask them to introduce you.Mark: No, I don't, that's the problem.Kate: Are you matchmaking, Janet?Janet: What's matchmaking?Kate: Making introductions between people who might like each other. We don't do that here. How about just walking up to her and saying Hi? Why don't you do that?Mark: No.Kate: Why not?Mark: I'm not usually shy, but — she's so ... you know ...!Janet: Oh, Mark!Kate: Just believe in yourself, Mark. You're a great guy!Janet: I understand Mark completely.Kate: Well, it's the only way he's going to get to talk to her.Mark: OK, I'll give it a try.Becky: Solved the Jenny problem yet?Girls: Thank you.Janet: You'll be fine. Mark. She'll like him, won't she, Becky?Becky: Of course she will!Conversation 2Mark: Hey, guess what, guys, I've got a date with Jenny.Kate: You did it, you asked her out?Janet: When are you seeing her?Mark: Saturday. We're going to The Eagle and Child.Janet: Sounds great.Mark: Yeah! The thing is, I'm a bit nervous.Janet: Are you?Mark: Yes, I'm afraid I'll make a fool of myself. I could do with some more advice.Kate: Any ideas?Janet: Um ... I'm thinking.Kate: Well ... One thing is ... if you're nervous, it's easy to talk too much, so remember not to do that. Mark: Good point. I'll remember that.Janet: You should make her feel special. Show her you're really interested in her.Mark: I am really interested in her.Janet: Well, you should show her you are.Mark: That'll be easy! What else?Kate: It's a good idea to look good.Mark: That's pretty obvious!Kate: I mean clean clothes, Mark!Mark: Oh ... thanks, Kate! Any more advice?Kate: Yes, the most important thing is, just be yourself.Becky: How's it going, Mark?Kate: He's worried this girl won't like him.Becky: She'll love you! Ready to order?Unit 6Conversation 1Janet: So, are you looking for anything in particular?Mark: Maybe a T-shirt or a polo shirt.Janet: We could go into the covered market and have a look at the shops in there.Kate: And what about you?Janet: I need some cosmetics from the Body Shop on Corn market Street.Kate: And I'm looking for something to wear to Jenny's party tonight. But nothing too expensive. Anyway, look, let's go in here.Assistant: Can I help you?Kate: We're just looking.Mark: What do you think of this one?Kate: Hmm, it's OK, but I'm not sure green suits you. Do they have it in other colors?Janet: What size do you take?Mark: Medium, I guess. Oh, here's a nice polo shirt. I like the color. It's a bit small,though.Janet: Do they have it in a larger size?Mark: Yes, here we go. That's great.Janet: How much is it?Mark: Twelve pounds. That's not too bad. I'll buy it.Mark: I'll have this, please.Assistant: That'll be 12 pounds please. ... Thank you. ... And here's your shirt, and here's your receipt. Mark: Thanks.Mark: Look, I've really got to go. I'll see you at the party tonight.Kate: OK.Janet:Bye.Conversation 2Janet: OK, Kate. Now it is time to find something for you. What about this dress?Kate: Hey, that's lovely.Janet: Would you like to try it on?Kate: Yes, OK. Where are the changing rooms?Assistant: Just behind you.Kate: Thank you. ... What do you think?Janet: Well, it really suits you, but ...Kate: ... it's a bit big. Excuse me, do you have this in a smaller size?Assistant: What size do you take?Kate: Size 8, I think.Assistant: No, I'm afraid we don't. That's the last one.Kate: No, it doesn't really fit. OK, I'll leave it.Janet: Actually, I really like it.Kate: Why don't you try it on, then?Janet: OK. ... What do you think?Kate: Perfect. It really suits you.Janet: It's a bit expensive.Kate: Go on! You deserve it!Janet: OK, I'll have it. But I don't have enough cash. ... Can I pay by credit card?Assistant: Sure.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Please enter your PIN. ... And here's your receipt.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Thanks a lot.Kate: That was painless, wasn't it? But I still don't have a dress for the party. Let's try somewhere else. Assistant: Bye.Girls: Bye.Unit 7Conversation 1Janet: What time are your parents arriving?Kate: Eleven. Oh no, it's 10.30! I must clean up my room, it's a mess.Janet: Would you like me to give you a hand?Kate: Oh, yes, that would be great! ...Janet: So, what are they like, your parents?Kate: They're great. They're very different. Mum's pretty sociable — she's real funny. Dad isn't as sociable — he's kind of quiet — he reads a lot and he likes spending time alone. He's a lot more chilled than Mum.Janet: They do sound quite different.Kate: Yes. Mum — she tends to worry a lot, whereas Dad's quite ... easygoing. He's good at listening, you can tell him anything. Um ... could you put those over there?Janet: Sure. So who are you most like?Kate: You tell me!Janet: Hmm, you've got a bit of both of them, I think.Kate: Yes, I think so, too. I'm sociable, like Mum —Janet: You're very sociable!Kate: Yes, but I like to spend time alone.Janet: I don't think you worry a lot, do you?Kate: No, I'm like Dad in that way.Kate: Oh, look at the time, I must go. I'm meeting them outside the Lodge.Conversation 2Julia: This is great. It's just like I pictured it. Look at that, isn't it beautiful?Rob: Wow, Kate, honey! I love your school!Kate: No, Dad, I'm not at Law School, I'm at university!Rob: OK, honey. It's Oxford, England — I know! ...Rob: Listen, honey, Granddad had a fall just before we left.Kate: Oh, no!Rob: It's OK. He broke his arm but they don't think it's serious.Julia: I don't know, when old people break something, it can be very serious.Rob: I think he'll be fine!Kate: Tell me all about it. What exactly happened?Rob: He fell down the steps in the backyard.Kate: Oh, poor Granddad! So go on!Rob: He was taken to the hospital by ambulance ... they kept him there for several hours, didn't they, Julia? But they let him go home.Julia: I feel awful that we can't be with him.Rob: Julia, I spoke to Granddad as soon as we landed and he said the doctors aren't worried.Kate: What else did he say?Rob: He said his arm doesn't hurt him.Kate: Oh, good! So he'll be OK, right? There's no real concern?Rob: No, I told you, honey, there's no need to worry. ... Just look at that! What a great place!Kate: Yes, isn't it wonderful?Rob: Come on, let's go and eat. Isn't there a pub nearby? I seem to remember passing one. I'd love to eat in an English pub.Kate: OK, let's do that.Rob: There's no need to worry, honey.Unit 8Conversation 1Assistant: Hi, how can I help you?Mark: I'd like to book a flight and make a hotel reservation.Assistant: Going to ...?Mark: To New York, please.Assistant: Is that a one-way or a return?Mark: A return, please. Out on the 17th of June and coming back on the 10th of September. Assistant: OK, and I guess you want economy not club?Mark: Yes, economy, please. Could I have an aisle seat, not a window seat?Assistant: I'm afraid you'll have to do that at the airport. What about accommodation?Mark: Well, most of the time I'm working in upstate New York, but I need a cheap hotel in New York City and one in Boston for a few nights.Assistant: How many nights will you be staying?Mark: Three nights in Boston and two nights in New York. The 12th to the 15th of August in Boston, leaving on the 15th, so three nights in Boston. Then the 15th to the 17th in New York, leaving on the 17th. So two nights in New York.Assistant: OK, I can check that out for you. Single or double room?Mark: Single. With a shower, please.Assistant: I can get you rooms in budget hotels and motels for around 75 dollars a night.Mark: Does the price include breakfast?Assistant: Let me see. Yes, I can do that for you.Mark: What time is check-out?Assistant: Usually midday ... Do you have a student card? You'll need it for the cheap flights and the accommodation. Oh, and any travelling within the US? We can get you seats on Greyhound buses, if you want.Mark: Actually, that would be great. Can you get me a seat from New York to Boston, travelling on the 12th of August? And then one from New York to Chicago on the 17th? After Chicago I'm going to DC and then back to New York, but I'll get those tickets when I'm in the States.Assistant: No problem, just give me a few minutes ...Conversation 2Kate: Have you made plans for the summer vacation yet?Mark: Yes, I'm travelling around the States for three months.Janet: Three months! Wow, you're lucky! Whereabouts are you going?Mark: Well, I'm flying to New York City, and then I'm working for eight weeks as a counsellor on a summer camp in upstate New York. And then I'm travelling around for about four weeks, back in time for the start of term.Kate: Where are you staying?Mark: On the campsite in the mountains. It's about an hour away from New York City by bus.Kate: What are you going to do there?Mark: I'll be looking after teenagers, city kids mostly. We're going swimming, rafting and canoeing, and maybe backpacking in the mountains.Janet: That sounds amazing! And after that, what are your plans?Mark: I'll catch the Greyhound bus to Boston, and relax in a hotel for three days.Kate: The museums in Boston are great! You absolutely must visit them.Mark: OK, I'll do that. Then I go back to New York for two days, to watch a baseball game.Kate: The New York Yankees? That's my team!Mark: Then I'm flying to Chicago for six days, to stay with some friends.Kate: And will you fly home from Chicago?Mark: No, then I'll go to DC for six days to do some sightseeing. And then I'll be back a few days before the beginning of term.Janet: It sounds like a dream vacation.Unit 9Conversation 1Kate: Oh, Janet, you don't look too good. What's the matter?Janet: Oh, I'm OK. I am not sleeping very well at the moment, so I'm quite tired. I fell asleep in the lecture just now.Kate: Is anything wrong?Janet: Oh, I don't know. Maybe I'm worried about my end of term exams. And I've got an essay to write. Kate: Are you eating properly? I didn't see you at dinner last night.Janet: No, I've lost my appetite. I can't face any more Western food for a few days.Kate: I think you've lost some weight. Do you feel sick?Janet: Mostly homesick.Kate: Have you talked to your tutor?Janet: No! Why would I do that?Kate: Well, it's part of his job to keep an eye on your health. Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor?Janet: But I'm all right.Kate: Do you have any other symptoms? Do you have a headache?Janet: Well, I have a headache nearly all the time at the moment. And I feel a bit depressed. But it's nothing. I'll be all right. Please! Don't worry about me.Kate: You poor thing! Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor? She'll give you a check-up; take your temperature and blood pressure, all the usual tests.Janet: Oh, I don't want to make a fuss. It's nothing.Kate: You're not making a fuss. I am! And I'm coming with you.Conversation 2Doctor: What seems to be the problem?Janet: Well ...Kate: She hasn't been eating or sleeping properly. She fell asleep in the lecture this morning.Doctor: Hmm, and what did the lecturer think of that?Janet: Fortunately, he didn't see me.Doctor: OK, I'm going to ask you a few questions. How's your social life?Janet: It's fine. I've got some really nice friends.Doctor: Have you got a boyfriend?Janet: No. I don't think my parents would like me to have one while I'm at university.Doctor: And are you eating properly?Janet: Yes, I think so.Kate: She says she's a bit fed up with Western food.Doctor: OK, so you'd like some home comfort ... what's your favorite food?Janet: Fried rice!Doctor: Not much fried rice for dinner in college, is there? Um, any worries about your work?Janet: No. Maybe. Yes, I suppose so.Doctor: Do you have an essay crisis?Janet: Yes! I haven't finished all the reading. I don't read as quickly as my friends, so it takes me a long time to write my essays.Doctor: OK, Janet. I want you to try and take a few days off. I'll have a word with your tutor and see if he can wait for your essay.Janet: OK.Doctor: If you're run down or depressed, you're more likely to catch a cold. Can you come back and see me next week? In the meantime, I suggest you try taking some...Unit 10Conversation 1Janet: Hi!Mark: Hi!Kate: How are you?Mark: I'm OK, thanks. How're you guys?Kate: Good.Mark: Good ... Oh, that traffic! It's getting worse and worse!Kate: Tell me about it, it's awful! Don't you worry about your health when you're cycling? All that pollution! Like, what are we breathing in? They really should do something about it!Mark: I think they intend to — or at least they keep talking about it.Janet:Shall we go inside?Mark: Yea....Mark: You know, it sounds crazy, but it might be an idea to ban cars from the centre of the city. I nearly got hit by a crazy driver earlier.Kate: Are you OK?Mark: Yes, I'm fine.Janet: Would they really do that — ban cars?Mark: It's possible. It'd sort out the traffic problems. And it would reduce pollution.Janet: I don't think that would be very popular with drivers.Mark: But it would be safer for cyclists.Kate: Supposing they introduced a congestion charge?Mark: Like in London?Janet: Do you think it would stop people driving into Oxford?Mark: It'd stop some people.Kate: They could always extend the Park and Ride scheme.Janet: It's a good idea.Kate: If people actually use it.Mark: Hey, I haven't told you, I'm going to a meeting of the Environmental Action Group tonight. Kate: You are? Good for you!Mark: Yes, I'm just concerned about the environment. I've decided to get more active, believe it or not. Janet: I guess we all should.Kate: I know, you're right ... Excuse me ...Conversation 2Janet: By the way, Mark, how did your meeting go?Mark: Quite interesting, actually.Janet: So what did they talk about?Mark: Uh, recycling, mostly. They have this plan ... that everyone should write to the Council. Ask them to collect more rubbish. You know, like, all the plastic, which they don't do. I'm going to write a letter this evening.Janet: Really? You know, I think I might go to the next meeting. I've been meaning to do something ... get more active about the environment.Mark: Yes, we all need to. Global warming, ice caps melting, pollution. Doesn't it worry you?Janet: Yes, it's really frightening.Mark: Hey, it would be great if you came to the meeting, Janet. The Action Group really wants to make students more aware of what they can do to help.Janet: You know, I think everyone knows what they should do. But they don't do it — I don't do it. Mark: I'm the same. Actually, there's something we could do right now.Janet: What?Mark: There's this poster they want to put up all over the university. It tells you easy ways of saving energy. I'm looking at it, here, look ...Janet: "Use less hot water ..."Mark: They've asked us to print it out and put it up in college. You want to help me?Janet: Sure! It might be an idea to ask Kate to help.Mark: Yes, let's ask her. But why don't we print it out — right now?Janet: Sure.。

Unit 1 Starting outInside viewConversation 1Porter Good afternoon.Janet Good afternoon.Porter New student?Janet Yes.Porter Welcome to Hertford College.Janet Thank you.Porter Can I have your family name, please?Janet Yes, it's Li.Porter Er, L-double E?Janet No, L-I.Porter And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet Janet.Porter Janet Li... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet Where's my room?Porter You're in Staircase 6 Room 5.Janet Who am I sharing with?Porter Nobody. You have your own room. Er...there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you.Janet Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet Thank you Sir.Porter No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet Please call me Janet!Porter OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet Yes!Kate I guess we're neighbours. My name's Kate Santos.Janet I'm Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate From New York. How about you?Janet I'm from Anshan in China.Kate Is Janet your real name?Janet No, it's my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate No, it's short for Catherine.Janet So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate Everyone calls me Kate.Janet Nice to meet you.Kate OK, Janet. See you later.Janet Bye!Conversation 3Kate Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet Is this where we have all our meals?Kate I guess.Mark You just arrived?Girls Yes!Mark Me too. By the way, I'm Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate Hi, I'm Kate.Mark Hi Kate, I guess you're from the States.Kate Right! How can you tell? You're British, huh?Mark Yes, I'm from London. And you are ...?Janet I'm Li Hui. I'm from China. But you can call me Janet.Mark Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading?Janet English.Mark How about you, Kate?Kate My major is law. And you?Mark I'm studying PPE.Kate That's a special Oxford subject, isn't it?Outside viewJulie My name's Julie Dearden, and I'm the Director of International Programmes here at Hertford College.Eugene My name's Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er, studying modern languages at Somerville College. Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions. Oxford is a very old university, the oldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there are many traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of the year, and with sport, and with eating, for example.Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the others, and it has its own character. Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much more liberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are also some specific traditions. Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors and the students. Usually it takes places at seven o'clockin the evening, and the professors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students sit on common table, which are the tables here. But everybody eats together. It's a very beautiful evening because there are, there's a special meal and we eat by candlelight.Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly the Oxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being a debating society where speakers come from all around the world to address the students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students, making it a very interesting forum.Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and we have a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody gets up very early and the students have a celebration. There is a choir which sings on top of the tower at Magdalen College and all the people of the town and all the students go to listen to the singing. So it's very nice.Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably Summer Eights. I was a rower. And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held in May in the summer term. And in this competition, each college is trying to improve its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its way up the river.Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and it's called Examination Schools. And also they must weara special uniform, so they wear E.gown like mine, a black gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid the men wear a white tie andblack trousers. The women wear a white shirt and a black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, which has a Latin name - sub fuse — and they must wear this uniform in order to take their examinations.Eugene I think the Oxford traditions lend character to the place and it's such an old institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient. For example, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according to the university rules, to wear. Julie They also wear flowers in their buttonholes, and those flowers are carnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear different coloured flowers for different examinations. So when you take your first exam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam you wear a pink flower, and when you take your final examination you wear a red carnation. Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tie and carry a mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilst wearing all that which you're not allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable.Julie I really like the Oxford traditions, I think it's part of our history, and part of um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right?Professor That's right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?Professor In total there are eight institutions: There's Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.Interviewer Ah, OK. And what's the sporting ... I believe there's some link with sports.Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports. But in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn't possible to be both world-famous for research and also top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they're academically very, very important, they're very well-known.Professor Absolutely at the top. They're near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And they're almost always in the top one per cent of the world's academic institutions for financial resources.Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor Certainly if you've been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants.Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them.Interviewer And do you know ... why's it called the Ivy League, what's the origin of the name?Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it's based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, that's the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s.Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that's Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. It's about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.Jane I've heard about that film, yes. He's played by Russell Crowe, isn't he? I like Russell Crowe, he's great.Andy That's the one, yes.Jane What's it about?Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as a graduate student.Jane That's one of the Ivy League schools, isn't it?Andy Yes, it's all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It's lovely to look at. Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he's looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So he's not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but he's not very good with people or successful with women, that's all. But, you know, it's one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy That's about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he's been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he's chased by the Russians, and it's after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think I've seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when he's put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He's given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but it's well acted and directed, and so, you know, there's a-bit of distance between the audience and what's happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because we're no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash's mind.Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,Andy Actually, I'm kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while he's using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 2 Food, glorious food!Inside viewConversation 1Kate Oh, this looks nice.Mark Cool.Waitress Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark Let's have a look at the menu.Mark Thank you.Janet Thank you.Waitress The specials are on the board.Kate So, what sort of food do you like, Janet?Janet Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend?Mark Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy.Janet What's in it?Mark Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person?Mark Usually one dish per person.Kate Or the moussaka looks good.Janet What's it made with?Kate It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet How is it cooked?Kate It's baked in the oven.Janet Mm, that sounds good too.Kate And as a starter?Janet What's minestrone soup?Mark It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious!Janet OK, I'll have that.Kate Waitress?Waitress What can I get for you?Kate Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark?Mark I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress OK.Mark Thank you.Waitress Thanks.Janet What's chilli con carne?Mark It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation2Janet That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water.Kate Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet Any suggestions?Kate Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ... What's a chocolate brownie?Mark It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet How is it made?Kate It's made with flour, eggs and butter ...Mark And lots of chocolate!Kate You'll love it.Janet What kind of ice cream is there?Kate I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavour ice cream do you have?Waitress Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate Same for me.Mark Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie?Waitress Sure.Outside viewVoice-over We were lucky to be invited into the kitchen at the Dooky Chase's Restaurant. Leah has been working in the restaurant for over 50 years. She told us about her life and she explained how to make a simple dish called "shrimp Clemenceau".Leah This is a very simple dish. First you get some shrimp. You can do this dish with chicken or shrimp, but I like it with the shrimp better. So you just brown a little thing...Interviewer And, and what's, what's the actual, what's the cooking in?Leah Butter.Interviewer OK.Leah It just cook, so here you get a little cholesterol, but hey, that's it, a little cholesterol. Then you wanna get the garlic. So you see it works two forces. You get the cholesterol, and then you get a little garlic, cut out on the cholesterol, you see.Interviewer OK. And where did you, where did you learn all the cooking?Leah Well, my mother, you know. I'm the top of the line of 11 children, so you get to learn how to cook whether you like it or not.You get to cook that way. Then here you want to add a little mushroom in here, this is just sliced button mushroom. If you like other mushroom, you can do that, we just saute that in there. You know, at home, when you, you have to cook, everybody had that turn in the kitchen. So this is a dish that is used in several restaurants, but this is my own version. Some people do it different than this, but I like it this way, because I like the ... Can you smell the garlic in there?Interviewer Oh, yeah.Leah Alright?Interviewer That smell is very strong.Leah Uha, and then you want to add your peas. It's very, very simple.Interviewer And did you, did your mum run the restaurant as well?Leah No, no, my mother-in-law. My mother-in-law had this restaurant before I came in. And she started it in 41. I came in in 46. So, and I added many things. You have to understand in 41. Now here we can add our potatoes. You see our shrimp is all cooked there.-Just add the potato. You can pre-cook your potatoes. You can boil them, or in this case, we, we blanch them a little bit. In that and just toss together, and you get one, you get just one casserole like here. And you can put a little pepper on it. Give it a good dash of pepper. A little salt. It's very simple, but it's a good dish. And as I said, you can do it with chicken breast or shrimp.You see? Toss it and get it there.Interviewer And what do you, what do you call the dish?Leah A shrimp Clemenceau. And I, I really don't know how it got that name, but it's popular in this area. But as I said, some people do it a little different. You can take wine at this point. You can hit a little wine in there if you like it, but I, I just don't like to kill the taste of the butter and the garlic. I like that a lot. And you can take the parsley, always parsley.Interviewer That's parsley, isn't it?Leah Parsley. Uhm. And I'm gonna show you something that all Creoles keep in their kitchen. You see you get kind of a like a dull look here. But every Creole has this paprika in their kitchen. And give it all a dash of paprika. And you get a little color there, you see? A little red color there. And it's very, very simple, great dish to eat. Not hard to make. You see? And you have a good dish.Listening inPassage 1Ben If it's a formal meal, maybe Thanksgiving or Christmas, or if you're with your boss or someone like that, you are being careful about your table manners. So you'd wait until everyone is served before you eat. But most of the time,, if you know each other well you would just go ahead and start. It's more usual to entertain them at home because it shows your hospitality. We have a lot of barbecues outside, maybe in the garden or maybe at a campsite. But sometimes if you don't want to cook, you can go to a restaurant.Oh, well, after dessert you'll have a little talk, then talk some more, have some coffee. Then you'll say, "Oh well, it's time for us, we should get going." And if you don't then you're probably going to be rude and stay too late.Michelle Well, it would be between 8 and 8.30. It is unusual that if somebody is invited for 8 they would be there at 7.30 or 7.45.Probably 8, or 8.30 would be when all the guests would arrive. It's OK to refuse something if you don't like it, but it might be embarrassing. For example, if I'm cooking dinner and I discover one of my guests is a vegetarian, I'll feel a bit frustrated that I didn't know before. But usually everyone tries everything.Tom Well, usually the host serves the guests, so you should make sure you tell him or her not to give you too much, because yes, it'squite important to eat everything on your plate. It doesn't matter if you leave something, but if you leave a lot, it will look as if you don't like their cooking.My mother always told me to put my hands on my lap, under the table when I wasn't eating, and I would be in big trouble if I ever put my elbows on the table. But actually I know that in some countries that's considered rude. So I might rest my hands or my arms on the table, and I suppose it's a bit more relaxed today than it used to be when I was young.No, it's the worst thing you can do if you're eating. Any strange noises are absolutely forbidden. I mean you can say "mmm, this is good", but nothing more than that. And even when you drink soup or eat noodles, you have to do it in silence, otherwise it's considered very bad manners.Passage 2News-reader The government announced today that they are going to ban advertisements for junk food during TV programmes for children under the age of 16. The rules will include any foods that are high in fat, salt and sugar. There will be a total ban on ads during children's programmes and on children's channels, as well as adult programmes watched by a large number of children.But there will not be a total ban on all ads for junk food which are shown on television before 9 pm. This was thought to be "over the top" by representatives of the food industry. The new rules will come into effect before the end of December this year, and mean that television channels will lose about £39 million in revenue for advertising.So why has the government introduced this ban? We asked leading food and nutrition expert, Neil Bennett.Neil Well, we all know that over the last 30 years, what we call junk food, bad food with too much fat and salt, has become easily available and eating habits have changed.However, in recent years many of us have become aware of the importance of keeping fit and eating healthily, and this means people are not going to fast food restaurants so often. So, the result is that the fast food business has increased the number of ads in order to recover some of the business it's lost.News-reader And how do the fast food restaurants do this?Neil The biggest problem is that they aim their ads at young people. One well-known fast food restaurant chain sells hamburgers which come with a free gift, usually a toy which is linked to a new children's film. Other fast food restaurants aim their ads at teenage and college-age men, trying to make their food trendy and, you know, kind of masculine food.News-reader So a ban on junk food ads will stop the sales of junk food?Neil Almost certainly not, but it might reduce the growth of the fast food industry.News-reader So you're in favour of the ban?Neil As a nutritionist, I am. As a father of two young children, I'm not sure.News-reader Why not?Neil Because less money from advertising will mean less money for children's TV programmes. So we're likely to see more cheap and violent cartoons, and fewer programmes produced specially for children.News-reader So the choice is between junk food and junk television?Neil Yes, that just about sums it up.News-reader Neil Bennett, thank you.Unit 3 Learning to thinkInside viewConversation 1Mark Hi, what're you doing?Janet Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark Let's have a look then.Janet Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory?" I've just done it. Do you want to have a go?Mark OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready?Mark Yea.Janet OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet You're right, exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark That sounds about right. True?Janet No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things.Mark That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired.Janet Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark I'm not sure ... True?Janet Actually, it's false.Mark Oh!Janet Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet True, it says here.Mark Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet Well... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet It's not the amount of work - but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials.And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult. Kate You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so much training in critical thinking.Kate What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions. Janet OK.Kate Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet Why do you say that?Kate That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet Can you give an example of some research?Kate Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Outside viewPart 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What we're going to do today is start off looking at mind maps or mind mapping. Now have any of you heard about mind maps before?Students Yes ... No ...Teacher Yes. Some of you have, some of you haven't. OK. Have any of you actually used mind maps in the past?Students No ...Teacher No? OK. Who can tell me what a mind map is?Student 1 It's a way of thinking.Teacher It is a way of thinking. Mind maps are diagrams which help us to generate ideas, and also to organize or structure our ideas related to a topic. What I'd like to do next is look at some of the uses or the reasons for using mind maps. What are some of the reasons for using mind maps?Student 2 To make a list?Teacher To make a list? Yes. We could say to brainstorm ideas. Everyone contributes then-ideas as many ideas as quickly as possible, from everyone in a shorter time, er, as, as we can manage. OK, brainstorming is one of the most important um, um, uses of mind maps. What might be another use or another reason for using mind maps?Student 3 It can help me take notes in the class.Teacher OK, for the note-taking, a very good reason. Mind maps help us to get an overview or a, a quick understanding about a subject. By using mind maps to collect the main ideas from what the teacher says, you can keep a, a very general understanding of a topic and understand connections quite easily and um, quickly. What are some other uses of mind maps?Student 4 Preparing for exams?Teacher OK. Preparing for exams. That's a, a very good reason. We might call this, er, revision. Before an exam, after having studied for many, many days or even weeks, you might want to capture the, the, the very general understanding about the subject.Are there any other uses that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 5 We can also use it for finding answers.Teacher For finding answers. That's, that's a very good, good answer. We could call this problem-solving. We can use mind maps to, to see other possible alternatives, or options to, to, to solve a problem. OK. Next, I'd like us to talk about some of the advantages or the benefits of using mind maps instead of just writing everything on a piece of paper. One of the most obvious advantages, as you can see, is that mind maps are very visual. They give us um, almost a picture, a, a different perspective in terms of a picture, or a diagram of understanding information or understanding connected ideas, which is very helpful for people who like to learn from a different way. Are there any other advantages that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 4 It lists the main points.Teacher They do. They do list the main points. We could call this um, a quick summary. As you can see, we have main ideas throughout our mind map, not long texts. And in this way, it helps us to grasp the, the key ideas and the key connections for mind maps or for our given subject. Are there any other advantages you can think of?Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. That's, that's a very good point. We could call this creative thinking. And what we mean here is basically thinking outside of the box or thinking laterally. Mind maps are illogical and by being illogical they encourage us to think creatively, you might say.Part2Teacher Next, I'd like us to think about aspects of design or constructing mind maps. So far we have completed three quarters of our mind map about mind maps. And then I'd just like you to have a look at this mind map and tell me what some of the most noticeable or striking features are that we can talk about.Student 2 There is a centre.Teacher There is a centre. There is what we call a central word, a central word or a phrase. It might also be a sentence or a question.You might have that in the centre of the board and your related thoughts spiraling or radiating out. What else do you notice about the design of this mind map?Student 1 There are only words, not sentences.Teacher Exactly. There are many what we call key words as they capture the main thought of, of an issue rather than a long sentence or, or a passage. This helps us to concentrate on the main issues and find connections between these issues as well. What other aspects of design do you notice here?Student 5 It looks like a tree.。

Unit 1Conversation 1Porter: Good afternoon.Janet: Good afternoon.Porter:New student?Janet:Yes.Porter: Welcome to Hertford College.Janet: Thank you.Porter: Can I have your family name, please?Jane t: Yes, it's Li.Porter: Er, L-double E?Janet: No, L-I.Po r te r: And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet:Janet.Porter: Janet Li ... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet: Where's my room?Porter: You're in staircase 6 room 5.Jane t: Who am I sharing with?Porter: Nobody. You have your own room. Er ... there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you.Janet:Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory. Porter: Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet: Thank you sir.Porter: No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet: Please call me Janet!Porter: OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate: Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet: Yes!Kate: I guess we’re neighbors. My name’s Kate Santos.Janet: I’m Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate: From New York. How about you?Janet: I’m from Anshan in China.Kate: Is Janet your real name?Janet: No, it’s my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate: No, it’s short for Catherine.Janet: So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate: Everyone calls me Kate.Conversation 3Kate: Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet: Is this where we have all our meals?Kate: I guess.Mark: You just arrived?Girls:Yes!Mark: Me too. By the way, I’m Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate: Hi, I’m Kate.Mark: Hi, Kate, I guess you’re from the States.Kate: Right. How can you tell? You’re British, huh?Mark: Yes, I’m from London. And you are …?Janet: I’m Li Hui. I’m from China. But you can call me Janet.Mark: Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading?Janet: English.Mark: How about you, Kate?Kate: My major is law. And you?Mark: I’m studying PPE.Kate: That’s a special Oxford subject, isn’t it?Unit 2Conversation 1Kate: Oh, this looks nice.Mark: Cool.Waitress: Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark: Let's have a look at the menu.Mark: Thank you.Janet: Thank you.Waitress: The specials are on the board.Kate: So, what sorts of food do you like, Janet?Janet: Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend?Mark: Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy.Janet: What's in it?Mark: Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet: I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person?Mark: Usually one dish per person.Kate: Or the moussaka looks good.Janet: What's it made with?Kate: It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet: How is it cooked?Kate: It's baked in the oven.Janet: Mm, that sounds good too.Kate: And as a starter?Janet: What's minestrone soup?Mark: It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious!Janet: OK, I'll have that.Kate: Waitress?Waitress: What can I get for you?Kate: Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark?Mark: I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress: OK.Mark: Thank you.Waitress: Thanks.Janet: What's chilli con carne?Mark: It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation 2Janet: That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water. Kate: Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet: Any suggestions?Kate: Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet: No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ...What's a chocolate brownie?Mark: It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet: How is it made?Kate: It's made with flour, eggs and butter...Mark: And lots of chocolate!Kate: You'll love it.Janet: What kind of ice cream is there?Kate: I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavor ice cream do you have?Waitress: Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet: I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark: And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate: Same for me.Mark: Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie?Waitress: Sure.Unit 3Conversation 1Mark: Hi, what're you doing?Janet: Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper. Mark: Let's have a look then.Janet: Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory?" I've just done it.Do you want to have a go?Mark: OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet: Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready?Mark: Yea.Janet: OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark: True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet: You're right; exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark: That sounds about right. True?Janet: No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory. Mark: Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet: Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things.Mark: That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired.Janet: Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve. Mark: I'm not sure ... True?Janet: Actually, it's false.Mark: Oh!Janet: Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark: I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet: True, it says here.Mark: Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet: Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate: You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet: Well ... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate: You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet: It's not the amount of work, but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate: You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet: Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate: You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet: Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so much training in critical thinking.Kate: What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet: Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate: Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do. Janet: I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate: Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Yourtask is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet: OK.Kate: Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question! Janet: Why do you say that?Kate: That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet: Can you give an example of some research?Kate: Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Unit 4Conversation 1Kate: Oh, I must make a quick call. ...Jacky: Hello, Jacky Gordon speaking.Kate: Hello, can I speak to Abbie, please?Jacky: I'll see if she's in, can you hold on?Kate: Sure. ...Jacky: Hello? She's out, I'm afraid. Can I give her a message — er ... or I can ask her to call you back?Kate: Could you ask her to call me back?Jacky: Sure. Who's calling?Kate: Kate Santos.Jacky: Kate Santos, OK. Does Abbie have your number?Kate: Yes, she does.Jacky: I'll tell her you called.Kate: Thanks.Janet: Abbie? I know a girl called Abbie. She reads English, doesn't she?Kate: Yes, how do you know her?Janet: She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well. Kate: Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it's because she's really interested in people — she's a very good listener. She should be, she works for Nightline.Janet: Nightline?Kate: Oh, I haven't told you, I've joined it.Janet: What is it? I've never heard of it.Kate: Look, I've got a leaflet about it.Janet: So...Kate: It's a university helpline for students who are having problems. I'm training to be one of the people they can call to talk to.Janet: You mean, you're a volunteer?Kate: Yes.Janet: Oh, that's great, KateConversation 2Abbie: Hi, Abbie speaking.Kate: Hi, Abbie, it's Kate Santos.Abbie: Hi! I'm sorry not to have called you back. I've got a lot on at the moment. How's things?Kate: Fine. I just wanted to let you know I won't be able to come to the next training session.Abbie: Um ... It's quite an important session. Oh, can you hold on a moment. There's someone at the door. ...Abbie: Hi, I'm sorry, look, can I call you back later?Kate: Sure. What time?Abbie: Is three o'clock OK?Kate: Three's fine.Abbie: OK, I'll call you then. Speak soon.Kate: Bye.Abbie: Bye....Kate: Abbie's my Nightline trainer.Janet: You're saying she's your Nightline trainer! But she's still a student.Kate: Well, experienced students train new students, that's the way it works. Janet: Oh, I see.Kate: It's great! At the moment, she's training us in listening skills.Janet: Listening skills? What do you mean, listening skills?Kate: Um ... The ability to really listen to someone and make them feel you're listening. It's very important.Janet: I've never thought about that before.Kate: Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeat what someone says but maybe a little differently.Janet: So what you're saying is, repeat what someone says but maybe not the exact same words.Kate: Yes. You see, when you do that, you check you've understood and you show them you're really listening.Janet: So they know you've really heard them.Kate: Very good, Janet. I can see you've got it already! Hi ... how's it going?Unit 5Conversation 1Kate: Hi, Becky, how's it going?Becky: Good!Mark: Guys, look, can you help me with a problem?Janet: Yes, of course.Mark: The thing is, there's this girl I really like called Jenny Sparks. She's a Fresher, really stunning, reads history. I know her name because someone pointed her out to me, but I've never actually spoken to her. Do either of you know her?Kate: No.Janet: No, I don't know her. Mark, how can you like her if you haven't met her? Kate: It's because she's absolutely gorgeous, Janet.Mark: That's right! I want to ask her out, but first I've got to meet her. Got any suggestions?Becky: Guys! You want to order?Mark: Sorry.Kate: Three cappuccinos?Becky: Sure.Janet: Do you know anyone who knows her? You could ask them to introduce you. Mark: No, I don't, that's the problem.Kate: Are you matchmaking, Janet?Janet: What's matchmaking?Kate: Making introductions between people who might like each other. We don't do that here. How about just walking up to her and saying Hi? Why don't you do that? Mark: No.Kate: Why not?Mark: I'm not usually shy, but — she's so ... you know ...!Janet: Oh, Mark!Kate: Just believe in yourself, Mark. You're a great guy!Janet: I understand Mark completely.Kate: Well, it's the only way he's going to get to talk to her.Mark: OK, I'll give it a try.Becky: Solved the Jenny problem yet?Girls: Thank you.Janet: You'll be fine. Mark. She'll like him, won't she, Becky?Becky: Of course she will!Conversation 2Mark: Hey, guess what, guys, I've got a date with Jenny.Kate: You did it, you asked her out?Janet: When are you seeing her?Mark: Saturday. We're going to The Eagle and Child.Janet: Sounds great.Mark: Yeah! The thing is, I'm a bit nervous.Janet: Are you?Mark: Yes, I'm afraid I'll make a fool of myself. I could do with some more advice. Kate: Any ideas?Janet: Um ... I'm thinking.Kate: Well ... One thing is ... if you're nervous, it's easy to talk too much, so remember not to do that.Mark: Good point. I'll remember that.Janet: You should make her feel special. Show her you're really interested in her. Mark: I am really interested in her.Janet: Well, you should show her you are.Mark: That'll be easy! What else?Kate: It's a good idea to look good.Mark: That's pretty obvious!Kate: I mean clean clothes, Mark!Mark: Oh ... thanks, Kate! Any more advice?Kate: Yes, the most important thing is, just be yourself.Becky: How's it going, Mark?Kate: He's worried this girl won't like him.Becky: She'll love you! Ready to order?Unit 6Conversation 1Janet: So, are you looking for anything in particular?Mark: Maybe a T-shirt or a polo shirt.Janet: We could go into the covered market and have a look at the shops in there. Kate: And what about you?Janet: I need some cosmetics from the Body Shop on Corn market Street.Kate: And I'm looking for something to wear to Jenny's party tonight. But nothing too expensive. Anyway, look, let's go in here.Assistant: Can I help you?Kate: We're just looking.Mark: What do you think of this one?Kate: Hmm, it's OK, but I'm not sure green suits you. Do they have it in other colors?Janet: What size do you take?Mark: Medium, I guess. Oh, here's a nice polo shirt. I like the color. It's a bit small, though.Janet: Do they have it in a larger size?Mark: Yes, here we go. That's great.Janet: How much is it?Mark: Twelve pounds. That's not too bad. I'll buy it.Mark: I'll have this, please.Assistant: That'll be 12 pounds please. ... Thank you. ... And here's your shirt, and here's your receipt.Mark: Thanks.Mark: Look, I've really got to go. I'll see you at the party tonight.Kate: OK.Janet:Bye.Conversation 2Janet: OK, Kate. Now it is time to find something for you. What about this dress?Kate: Hey, that's lovely.Janet: Would you like to try it on?Kate: Yes, OK. Where are the changing rooms?Assistant: Just behind you.Kate: Thank you. ... What do you think?Janet: Well, it really suits you, but ...Kate: ... it's a bit big. Excuse me, do you have this in a smaller size?Assistant: What size do you take?Kate: Size 8, I think.Assistant: No, I'm afraid we don't. That's the last one.Kate: No, it doesn't really fit. OK, I'll leave it.Janet: Actually, I really like it.Kate: Why don't you try it on, then?Janet: OK. ... What do you think?Kate: Perfect. It really suits you.Janet: It's a bit expensive.Kate: Go on! You deserve it!Janet: OK, I'll have it. But I don't have enough cash. ... Can I pay by credit card? Assistant: Sure.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Please enter your PIN. ... And here's your receipt.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Thanks a lot.Kate: That was painless, wasn't it? But I still don't have a dress for the party. Let's try somewhere else.Assistant: Bye.Girls: Bye.Unit 7Conversation 1Janet: What time are your parents arriving?Kate: Eleven. Oh no, it's 10.30! I must clean up my room, it's a mess.Janet: Would you like me to give you a hand?Kate: Oh, yes, that would be great! ...Janet: So, what are they like, your parents?Kate: They're great. They're very different. Mum's pretty sociable — she's real funny. Dad isn't as sociable — he's kind of quiet — he reads a lot and he likes spending time alone. He's a lot more chilled than Mum.Janet: They do sound quite different.Kate: Yes. Mum — she tends to worry a lot, whereas Dad's quite ... easygoing. He's good at listening, you can tell him anything. Um ... could you put those over there? Janet: Sure. So who are you most like?Kate: You tell me!Janet: Hmm, you've got a bit of both of them, I think.Kate: Yes, I think so, too. I'm sociable, like Mum —Janet: You're very sociable!Kate: Yes, but I like to spend time alone.Janet: I don't think you worry a lot, do you?Kate: No, I'm like Dad in that way.Kate: Oh, look at the time, I must go. I'm meeting them outside the Lodge.Conversation 2Julia: This is great. It's just like I pictured it. Look at that, isn't it beautiful?Rob: Wow, Kate, honey! I love your school!Kate: No, Dad, I'm not at Law School, I'm at university!Rob: OK, honey. It's Oxford, England — I know! ...Rob: Listen, honey, Granddad had a fall just before we left.Kate: Oh, no!Rob: It's OK. He broke his arm but they don't think it's serious.Julia: I don't know, when old people break something, it can be very serious. Rob: I think he'll be fine!Kate: Tell me all about it. What exactly happened?Rob: He fell down the steps in the backyard.Kate: Oh, poor Granddad! So go on!Rob: He was taken to the hospital by ambulance ... they kept him there for several hours, didn't they, Julia? But they let him go home.Julia: I feel awful that we can't be with him.Rob: Julia, I spoke to Granddad as soon as we landed and he said the doctors aren't worried.Kate: What else did he say?Rob: He said his arm doesn't hurt him.Kate: Oh, good! So he'll be OK, right? There's no real concern?Rob: No, I told you, honey, there's no need to worry. ... Just look at that! What a great place!Kate: Yes, isn't it wonderful?Rob: Come on, let's go and eat. Isn't there a pub nearby? I seem to remember passing one. I'd love to eat in an English pub.Kate: OK, let's do that.Rob: There's no need to worry, honey.Unit 8Conversation 1Assistant: Hi, how can I help you?Mark: I'd like to book a flight and make a hotel reservation.Assistant: Going to ...?Mark: To New York, please.Assistant: Is that a one-way or a return?Mark: A return, please. Out on the 17th of June and coming back on the 10th of September.Assistant: OK, and I guess you want economy not club?Mark: Yes, economy, please. Could I have an aisle seat, not a window seat? Assistant: I'm afraid you'll have to do that at the airport. What about accommodation?Mark: Well, most of the time I'm working in upstate New York, but I need a cheap hotel in New York City and one in Boston for a few nights.Assistant: How many nights will you be staying?Mark: Three nights in Boston and two nights in New York. The 12th to the 15th of August in Boston, leaving on the 15th, so three nights in Boston. Then the 15th to the 17th in New York, leaving on the 17th. So two nights in New York.Assistant: OK, I can check that out for you. Single or double room?Mark: Single. With a shower, please.Assistant: I can get you rooms in budget hotels and motels for around 75 dollars a night.Mark: Does the price include breakfast?Assistant: Let me see. Yes, I can do that for you.Mark: What time is check-out?Assistant: Usually midday ... Do you have a student card? You'll need it for the cheap flights and the accommodation. Oh, and any travelling within the US? We can get you seats on Greyhound buses, if you want.Mark: Actually, that would be great. Can you get me a seat from New York to Boston, travelling on the 12th of August? And then one from New York to Chicago on the 17th? After Chicago I'm going to DC and then back to New York, but I'll get those tickets when I'm in the States.Assistant: No problem, just give me a few minutes ...Conversation 2Kate: Have you made plans for the summer vacation yet?Mark: Yes, I'm travelling around the States for three months.Janet: Three months! Wow, you're lucky! Whereabouts are you going?Mark: Well, I'm flying to New York City, and then I'm working for eight weeks as a counsellor on a summer camp in upstate New York. And then I'm travelling around for about four weeks, back in time for the start of term.Kate: Where are you staying?Mark: On the campsite in the mountains. It's about an hour away from New York City by bus.Kate: What are you going to do there?Mark: I'll be looking after teenagers, city kids mostly. We're going swimming, rafting and canoeing, and maybe backpacking in the mountains.Janet: That sounds amazing! And after that, what are your plans?Mark: I'll catch the Greyhound bus to Boston, and relax in a hotel for three days. Kate: The museums in Boston are great! You absolutely must visit them.Mark: OK, I'll do that. Then I go back to New York for two days, to watch a baseball game.Kate: The New York Yankees? That's my team!Mark: Then I'm flying to Chicago for six days, to stay with some friends.Kate: And will you fly home from Chicago?Mark: No, then I'll go to DC for six days to do some sightseeing. And then I'll be back a few days before the beginning of term.Janet: It sounds like a dream vacation.Unit 9Conversation 1Kate: Oh, Janet, you don't look too good. What's the matter?Janet: Oh, I'm OK. I am not sleeping very well at the moment, so I'm quite tired. I fell asleep in the lecture just now.Kate: Is anything wrong?Janet: Oh, I don't know. Maybe I'm worried about my end of term exams. And I've got an essay to write.Kate: Are you eating properly? I didn't see you at dinner last night.Janet: No, I've lost my appetite. I can't face any more Western food for a few days. Kate: I think you've lost some weight. Do you feel sick?Janet: Mostly homesick.Kate: Have you talked to your tutor?Janet: No! Why would I do that?Kate: Well, it's part of his job to keep an eye on your health. Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor?Janet: But I'm all right.Kate: Do you have any other symptoms? Do you have a headache?Janet: Well, I have a headache nearly all the time at the moment. And I feel a bit depressed. But it's nothing. I'll be all right. Please! Don't worry about me.Kate: You poor thing! Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor? She'll give you a check-up; take your temperature and blood pressure, all the usual tests. Janet: Oh, I don't want to make a fuss. It's nothing.Kate: You're not making a fuss. I am! And I'm coming with you.Conversation 2Doctor: What seems to be the problem?Janet: Well ...Kate: She hasn't been eating or sleeping properly. She fell asleep in the lecture this morning.Doctor: Hmm, and what did the lecturer think of that?Janet: Fortunately, he didn't see me.Doctor: OK, I'm going to ask you a few questions. How's your social life?Janet: It's fine. I've got some really nice friends.Doctor: Have you got a boyfriend?Janet: No. I don't think my parents would like me to have one while I'm at university.Doctor: And are you eating properly?Janet: Yes, I think so.Kate: She says she's a bit fed up with Western food.Doctor: OK, so you'd like some home comfort ... what's your favorite food? Janet: Fried rice!Doctor: Not much fried rice for dinner in college, is there? Um, any worries about your work?Janet: No. Maybe. Yes, I suppose so.Doctor: Do you have an essay crisis?Janet: Yes! I haven't finished all the reading. I don't read as quickly as my friends, so it takes me a long time to write my essays.Doctor: OK, Janet. I want you to try and take a few days off. I'll have a word with your tutor and see if he can wait for your essay.Janet: OK.Doctor: If you're run down or depressed, you're more likely to catch a cold. Can you come back and see me next week? In the meantime, I suggest you try taking some...Unit 10Conversation 1Janet: Hi!Mark: Hi!Kate: How are you?Mark: I'm OK, thanks. How're you guys?Kate: Good.Mark: Good ... Oh, that traffic! It's getting worse and worse!Kate: Tell me about it, it's awful! Don't you worry about your health when you're cycling? All that pollution! Like, what are we breathing in? They really should do something about it!Mark: I think they intend to — or at least they keep talking about it.Janet:Shall we go inside?Mark: Yea....Mark: You know, it sounds crazy, but it might be an idea to ban cars from the centre of the city. I nearly got hit by a crazy driver earlier.Kate: Are you OK?Mark: Yes, I'm fine.Janet: Would they really do that — ban cars?Mark: It's possible. It'd sort out the traffic problems. And it would reduce pollution. Janet: I don't think that would be very popular with drivers.Mark: But it would be safer for cyclists.Kate: Supposing they introduced a congestion charge?Mark: Like in London?Janet: Do you think it would stop people driving into Oxford?Mark: It'd stop some people.Kate: They could always extend the Park and Ride scheme.Janet: It's a good idea.Kate: If people actually use it.Mark: Hey, I haven't told you, I'm going to a meeting of the Environmental Action Group tonight.Kate: You are? Good for you!Mark: Yes, I'm just concerned about the environment. I've decided to get more active, believe it or not.Janet: I guess we all should.Kate: I know, you're right ... Excuse me ...Conversation 2Janet: By the way, Mark, how did your meeting go?Mark: Quite interesting, actually.Janet: So what did they talk about?Mark: Uh, recycling, mostly. They have this plan ... that everyone should write to the Council. Ask them to collect more rubbish. You know, like, all the plastic, which they don't do. I'm going to write a letter this evening.Janet: Really? You know, I think I might go to the next meeting. I've been meaning to do something ... get more active about the environment.Mark: Yes, we all need to. Global warming, ice caps melting, pollution. Doesn't it worry you?Janet: Yes, it's really frightening.Mark: Hey, it would be great if you came to the meeting, Janet. The Action Group really wants to make students more aware of what they can do to help.Janet: You know, I think everyone knows what they should do. But they don't do it — I don't do it.Mark: I'm the same. Actually, there's something we could do right now.Janet: What?Mark: There's this poster they want to put up all over the university. It tells you easy ways of saving energy. I'm looking at it, here, look ...Janet: "Use less hot water ..."Mark: They've asked us to print it out and put it up in college. You want to help me? Janet: Sure! It might be an idea to ask Kate to help.Mark: Yes, let's ask her. But why don't we print it out — right now?Janet: Sure.。