高级英语U12沙漠之舟翻译

沙漠之舟艾尔•戈尔--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我头顶烈日站在一艘渔船的滚烫的钢甲板上。

这艘渔船在丰收季节一天所处理加工的鱼可达15吨。

但现在可不是丰收季节。

这艘渔船此时此刻停泊的地方虽说曾是整个中亚地区最大的渔业基地，但当我站在船头向远处眺望时，却看出渔业丰收的希望非常渺茫。

极目四顾，原先那种湛蓝色海涛轻拍船舷的景象已不复存在，取而代之的是茫茫的一片干燥灼热的沙漠。

渔船队的其他渔船也都搁浅在沙漠上，散见于陂陀起伏、绵延至天边的沙丘间。

十年前，咸海还是世界上第四大内陆湖泊，可与北美大湖区五大湖中的最大湖泊相媲美。

而今，由于兴建了一项考虑欠周的水利工程，原来注入此湖的水被引入沙漠灌溉棉田，咸海这座大湖的水面已渐渐变小，新形成的湖岸距离这些渔船永远停泊的位置差不多有40公里远。

与此同时，这儿附近的莫里那克镇上人们仍在生产鱼罐头，但所用的鱼已不是咸海所产，而是从一千多英里以外的太平洋渔业基地穿越西伯利亚运到这儿来的。

我因要对造成环境危机的原因进行调查而得以周游世界，考察和研究许多类似这样破坏生态环境的事例。

一九八八年深秋时节，我来到地球的最南端。

高耸的南极山脉中太阳在午夜穿过天空中的一个孔洞照射着地面，我站在令人难以置信的寒冷中，与一位科学家进行着一场谈话，内容是他正在挖掘的时间隧道。

这位科学家一撩开他的派克皮大衣，我便注意到他脸上因烈日的曝晒而皮肤皲裂，干裂的皮屑正一层层地剥落。

他一边讲话一边指给我看。

从我们脚下的冰川中挖出的一块岩心标本上的年层。

他将手指．到二十年前的冰层上，告诉我说，“这儿就是美国国会审议通过化空气法案的地方。

”这里虽处地球之顶端，距美国首都华盛顿两大洲之遥，但世界上任何一个国家只要将废气排放量减少一席在空气污染程度上引起的相应变化便能在南极这个地球上最偏而人迹难至的地方反映出来。

沙漠之舟的地名谜语English Answer:1. I am known as the "Ship of the Desert",。

I am a mammal, and I am found in the desert.I have a hump on my back,。

And I can store water in my hump.What am I?2. I am a large, flightless bird,。

I live in the desert,。

And I have a long neck and legs.I can run very fast,。

And I can eat plants and animals. What am I?3. I am a small, rodent-like animal,。

I live in the desert,。

And I have a long tail.I can jump very high,。

And I can eat insects and plants. What am I?4. I am a reptile,。

I live in the desert,。

And I have a hard shell.I can move very slowly,。

And I can eat insects and plants.What am I?5. I am a plant,。

I live in the desert,。

And I have a long stem.I can store water in my stem,。

And I can survive in very dry conditions. What am I?Chinese Answer：1. 沙漠之舟，兽身威壮。

驼峰贮水，耐旱远行。

2. 沙漠巨鸟，双足修长。

The Ship of the Desert沙漠之舟作者：V. M. 希利尔（汤敏译）来源：《时代英语·高三》2021年第02期作者简介V. M. 希利尔（1875—1931），美国著名儿童教育家、科普作家，创建了卡尔弗特教育体系。

他为孩子们编写了一套趣味盎然的历史、地理、艺术读物，即《写给孩子看的世界历史》《写给孩子看的世界地理》《写给孩子看的艺术史》。

本文选自《写给孩子看的世界地理》。

There are a few camels in Istanbul，but camels don’t belong in Europe. They have to be carried across the Bosporus from Asia， for a camel is said to be the only animal that cannot swim and cannot learn to swim. Most animals，like dogs，swim naturally; they don’t have to learn. The c amel may not be able to swim， but he can cross deserts， which no other animal can do as well.君士坦丁堡有很多骆驼，可是骆驼并不来自欧洲。

这种动物是人们从亚洲带过来的。

人们牵着骆驼，从陆上跨过博斯普鲁斯海峡，来到了这里。

因为据说骆驼是唯一不会游泳，也学不会游泳的动物。

大多数动物，例如狗，天生就会游泳，它们根本用不着学。

骆驼虽然不会游泳，但是它能够跨越沙漠，这是其他動物做不到的。

The camel is an animal of the desert， and when we see camels we know there must be deserts somewhere near. The camel loves heat and dryness， the sun and sand. Men and most animals，when it is hot， like the cool shade when they rest， but a camel when he rests， lies down in the hot sun. He is often called “the ship of the desert”，for he is the only “boat” that can carry passengers across the sea of sands. His feet are made like cushions so that they do not sink into the sand. A camel has several pouches inside of his body in which to store up water， as in tanks， for in crossing desert lands he may have to go days at a time without a drink， so he fills up these tanks inside of him.骆驼是沙漠动物。

高级英语1沙漠之舟课文总结
（原创版）
目录
1.课文概述
2.课文主题
3.课文结构
4.课文亮点
5.课文学习要点
正文
1.课文概述
《高级英语 1 沙漠之舟》是一篇关于旅行者在沙漠中经历的文章，通过描述旅行者与当地人之间的互动，展现了不同文化背景下人们生活方式的差异和相互理解的重要性。

2.课文主题
课文的主题是跨文化交流和相互理解，通过一个旅行者在沙漠中与当地人之间的故事，向我们展示了如何在陌生的环境中与当地人建立联系，并尊重和理解他们的文化。

3.课文结构
课文分为三个部分，第一部分描述了旅行者初到沙漠的景象和心情；第二部分讲述了旅行者与当地人之间的互动，包括他们的交流和饮食习惯等；第三部分是旅行者对这次经历的反思和总结。

4.课文亮点
课文的亮点在于其对沙漠环境的生动描绘，以及对当地人生活的真实反映。

同时，课文通过旅行者的视角，向我们展示了如何在陌生的环境中
与当地人建立联系，并尊重和理解他们的文化。

5.课文学习要点
课文的学习要点包括对课文内容的理解，如何进行跨文化交流，以及如何在陌生的环境中适应和生存。

同时，也需要学习课文中生动的描绘方式和表达手法。

沙漠之舟高级英语The Enigmatic Beauty of the DesertThe desert, with its vast expanse of barren land, often evokes images of desolation and harshness. However, beneath the seeminglylifeless and inhospitable surface lies a world of profound beauty and mystery. The desert, like an enigmatic boat sailing through time, hasits own unique allure that captivates the hearts and minds of those who dare to explore its secrets.First and foremost, the desert's breathtaking landscapes are a sight to behold. From the towering dunes of the Sahara to the rugged canyonsof the American Southwest, these natural wonders inspire a sense of awe and wonder. The shifting sands, sculpted by the wind over millennia, create ever-changing patterns that mesmerize the eyes. The play of light and shadow on the dunes at sunrise or sunset is a spectacle that canonly be witnessed in the desert. It is a reminder that even in the harshest of environments, nature can create moments of transcendent beauty.Moreover, the desert is a haven for unique and resilient forms of life. Despite the scarcity of water and extreme temperatures, flora and fauna have adapted to survive and thrive in these challenging conditions. The Joshua trees of California's Mojave Desert and the cacti of the Sonoran Desert are testament to nature's ingenuity. Their ability to store water and endure prolonged periods of drought is a testament tothe resilience of life.The desert also holds a wealth of cultural and historical significance. For centuries, nomadic tribes and ancient civilizations have called the desert home. These cultures have developed intricate systems of survival and thrived in harmony with their environment. From the Bedouin tribes of the Arabian Desert to the Native American tribesof the Southwest, the desert has shaped their way of life, their customs, and their traditions. Their stories and legends, passed down from generation to generation, add to the mystique and allure of the desert.In addition to its natural and cultural wonders, the desert offers a unique sense of solitude and introspection. The vastness of the landscape and the absence of human presence allow for a deeperconnection with oneself and the universe. The silence of the desert is a stark contrast to the noise and chaos of modern life. It offers a sanctuary for reflection and contemplation, a space to escape from the distractions of the world and find inner peace.However, it is important to acknowledge the fragility of the desert ecosystem and the need for its conservation. Human activities, such as overgrazing, urbanization, and climate change, pose significant threats to the delicate balance of desert ecosystems. Efforts must be made to protect these unique and invaluable landscapes for future generations to enjoy and appreciate.In conclusion, the desert is far from a barren wasteland. It is a place of wonder and beauty, a testament to the resilience of life andthe ingenuity of nature. From its breathtaking landscapes to its rich cultural heritage, the desert offers a wealth of experiences andinsights for those willing to embark on a journey of exploration. It isa reminder that even in the harshest of environments, there is beauty to be found.。

Ships in the Desert沙漠之舟There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the Unit-ed States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painful recognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship between the two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospect of such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missiles "may well tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change in warfare –from a fight to a process of destruction.”对我们的思维方式提出这种挑战性要求的先例只有一个，而这一先例又是来自军事方面的。

Lesson SevenThe Libido for the Ugly-- H.L. MenckenPre-reading questions⏹Do you like beautiful things or ugly things? What’s your concept of beauty?⏹Have you ever seen or heard anyone who loves ugly things? Do you think them normal? What makes them do so?⏹What is libido?⏹What impresses you most after you have read the lesson?⏹Who is the writer of this lesson? Give a brief introduction to the writer and his writing style.BackgroundHenry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)American educator, author, criticH. L. Mencken is an American literary critic, humorous journalist, essayist, whose comic skepticism about human progress, expressed with penetrating style, is a treasure for all interested in extravagant language. Mencken wrote - according to some estimations –3, 000 newspaper columns. During the 15-year period following World War I, Mencken set the standard for satire in his day, and his essays are still widely read.Background⏹His life⏹He was born and spent most of his life in the city of Baltimore, Maryland. He was the son of German immigrant parents. He completed high school but did not attend university, only graduated from Baltimore Polytechnic Institute at 16. He became a reporter on the Baltimore Morning Herald. 《先驱报》Background⏹A few years later, he joined the staff of its rival newspaper, the Baltimore Sun or Evening Sun, first as a reporter, then as its drama critic and editor, a position which he held until 1941.⏹He helped to found and edit two literary magazines which were highly influential among intellectuals.1) The Smart Set《时髦者》2) The American Mercury门肯和内森在1924年创办了《美国水星》杂志Background⏹Mencken was one of the most influential American critics in the 1920s. He helped such newcomers as Theodore Dreiser and Sinclair Lewis. As an editor he published manuscripts by such young writers as Eugene O'Neill and Dorothy Parker. He reviewed major works of Upton Sinclair, Henry James and F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose first published story appeared in the Smart Set.Background⏹He was a central figure in American intellectual life during the 1920's. He contributed to Chicago Tribune 论坛报(1924-28), New York American(1934-35), and the Nation(1931-32). He was a columnist in Evening Mail in New York (1917-18), and 'The Free Lance' in Sunpapers (1919-41) in Baltimore.Background⏹He launched the most cutting attacks of any writer against America's middle class culture. He invented the word "booboisie―, combining the two words "bourgeoisie" and "booby" (an awkward, foolish person).Background⏹In his witty essays, he derided (mock) the institution which supported the middle class. He enjoyed controversy and tried to arouse his antagonists with his direct and devastating attacks: Background1) He hated narrow-minded religion. He believed strongly in intellectual freedom and fought all attempts to censor审查literature and drama. He felt that the greatest threat of censorship came from the country's religion "fundamentalists", whose opinions were all based on their interpretation of the Bible.BackgroundE.g.⏹―H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him, and there was talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels.‖ Background2) He hated commercialism.3) He did not support democracy because he considered the masses too ignorant and greedy to exercise it wisely.Background⏹Mencken's essays were received with delight or horror, depending on the reader's point of view, he was also highly respected for his literary criticism and he exerted a powerful influence on American literature.Background⏹He was a leading scholar in the field of language. His monumental book The American Language is considered an outstanding work of philology.⏹He made a large contribution to the study of language and particularly encouraged scholarly study of the American branch of English.The American LanguageA guide to American expressions and idioms, which was a critical and popular success.a) It examined the development of the English language in America.b) It contrasted English and American expressions and usage.c) It explained the origin of many American idioms.d) It traced the influence of immigrant languages on American English.Background⏹His Style⏹He is well-known for his bombastic style and acid tongue.⏹He wrote with verve ( 活力), gusto ( 热忱) and exaggeration. His exuberant ( 过于华丽)and extravagant use of the language was so amusing and startling that even his most violently critical essays became acceptable to his readers.Background⏹He employed a huge vocabulary and liked to insert unusual or unexpected words, for surprise or comic effect, into otherwise normal sentences. Although his style is occasionally difficult to read, Mencken is still considered one of the best and liveliest essayists of this century.Background⏹His works⏹The American Language1918⏹Prejudices (6 vols) 1919--1927⏹Happy days⏹Newspaper Days1940 –1943 autobiographical⏹Heathen Days trilogy⏹25 Books and thousands of articlesText study⏹What type of writing is this lesson?-- Descriptive writing.Text study⏹Descriptive writing⏹Language points⏹Comprehension Questions⏹Text Analysis and AppreciationDescription⏹Descriptive writing is an art form. It's painting a word picture so that the reader "sees" exactly what you are describing.Description⏹Description conveys the sensations, emotions and impressions that affect a writer experiencing a person, place, object or idea. The writer describes what he sees, hears, smells, feels or tastes, and it often includes his emotional reactions to the physical sensation of the experience.Description⏹The soul of description:⏹minute details⏹specific concrete words⏹vivid images⏹The purpose:To appeal to the reader's sense of sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch to impress the reader. Description⏹How to develop description?-- Usu. by space order⏹Establishing a point of view, i.e. taking a fixed position in space or a moving position through space and describing what is seen.Description-- establishing a m ental attitude toward a subject as part of the writer’s point of view⏹selecting details in some kind of logical order;⏹concentrating on a dominant impression and then moving on to other features, e.g. move froma distance to close up, from close up to a distance, from left to right, from right to left, etc. Description⏹What to describe?A. The description of a personB. The description of a placeC. The description of an objectD. The description of a sceneF. The description of an ideaDescription⏹Kinds of description:1) objective \ impersonal⏹realistic \ expository--When topic is viewed from an objective point of view, the writer paints a verbal picture of the realistic world, like a camera. The intent of writer is to inform or explain.--factual details and denotative and concrete wordsDescription2) subjective \ personal⏹emotional \ impressionistic--The dominant impression may be a sense impression or an emotion. The writer wants to share with the readers a kind of dominant impression.--emotional words rich in connotative meaning and appealing strongly to the senses.Language pointsThe title⏹How do you understand libido?-- Common sense: the sexual urge, strong desire, great passion, great lustLanguage points--Technically, psychic energy generally; in some psychoanalytical theories, the psychic and emotional energy in people's psychological makeup that is related to the basic human instincts, especially the sex drive性的本能，性欲；【心理学】“利比多”〔弗洛伊德心理分析学说中的精神动力，实际即是性的本能〕Language points1. The Libido for the Ugly:The strong urge or impulse to love things ugly.⏹Why does the writer choose libido?--To arouse curiosity.--Mencken deliberately chooses the word ―libido‖in order to give his subject a scientific coloring.Language pointsPara.1⏹What is the topic sentence?⏹How is para 1 developed?-- By contrasting the great wealth of this region with the abominable human habitations seen everywhere.⏹What effect does the powerful contrast in the last two sentences have on the reader? Language points-- The last two sentences bring home to readers that ugliness is not due to poverty, but to something innate in the American character--a love of ugliness for its own sake, or, as the title says, the libido for the ugly.⏹What figures of speech are employed?-- metaphor; hyperbole; repetition; antithesis; parallelismLanguage points⏹What other effective structures are used here? What effect is achieved?-- Inversion; ―so … that‖ structure. For emphasis.⏹What other impressive language features can you find in this paragraph?-- superlative degreeadv. + adj.―—‖Language points2. Pittsburgh –A city in southwest Pennsylvania, It is one of the most important industrial cities of America, and a center of rail and river transportation. Termed the ―Steel City‖ of ―Smoky City‖, it is the center of rich bituminous-coal烟煤region, producing also natural gas, oil and limestone, a large part of US steel and iron is produced here.Language points3. Westmoreland county –A county on southwest Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Greensburg. It is a mining and manufacturing region.4. Here was … joke. Here was … cats:Figures of speech used in the two long sentences:(1) metaphor: center -- heart(2) hyperbole: the richness and grandeur of this region and of America -- the boast and pride; the mostLanguage points(3) antithetical contrast: the richest and grandest region -- the hideous, bleak and forlorn scene;so rich – so abominable(4) repetition: boast-pride; center-heart;beyond-beyond(5) parallelism: Here was … and here was …;so … that …so … that …Language pointslucrative: producing wealth or profit；profitable；hideous: very ugly, filling the mind with horroraspiration: ambitions or desires to achieve somethingbleak: It applies to landscapes or houses, especially, suggests a bare or unpleasant prospect.Language pointsand here was …joke:The scene that met the eye was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.Language pointsHere was wealth … alley cats:People could not imagine or calculate the amount of wealth that was to be found in this region. And in this same region there were such terrible and disgusting houses that even homeless, mongrel cats would feel ashamed to live in them.alley cat: (Americanism) a homeless, mongrel catLanguage points⏹Questions:1. What activity is 'its most lucrative and characteristic activity'?2. What 'aspiration' of man is reduced to a depressing joke?3. Only by reading the first paragraph can you have a deep impression of Menken’s writing style?-- Bombastic style and biting language.Language pointsLanguage pointsPara.2⏹What is this paragraph about?-- the general effect: of hideousness without a break.⏹What kind of buildings are said to be ugly?-- churches, stores, warehouses; the headquarters of the veterans of Foreign Wars; a steel stadium, etc.Language points⏹How does the writer describe them?-- In details.(An image is an actual or mental picture, a picture or likeness of somebody or something, produced either physically by a sculptor, painter, or photographer, or formed in the mind.)⏹What effect does the writer intend to impress on you?-- Shabby; misshapen; ugly; hideous.Language points⏹How has the writer managed to achieve this?1) Figures: simile, metaphor, hyperbole, ridicule, etc.2) Disgusting and dreadful images3) Emphatic sentence patterns:⏹parallelism⏹so … that …⏹double negationLanguage points4) Forceful diction:⏹More ugly and gruesome words⏹Words such as sheer, every, not one, not a single, etc.5. what I allude…in sight:Hyperbole.unbroken ugliness: ugliness that was continuous and uninterrupted.Language pointsagonizing ugliness: ugliness that caused great pain (to people who saw it)sheer revolting monstrousness: that absolute (or downright), disgusting (or loathsome) hideousness6. From East Liberty … the eye:lacerate:to hurt; to tear (the flesh, an arm, the face) roughly as with fingernails or broken glass.Language points7. they were … a man with his face shot away:These houses that were especially ugly were also important buildings, claiming some distinction.pretentious: If you say that sb. or sth. is pretentious, you mean that they claim to be important, but you do not think that they are important.Language points8. one blinked … shot away:Simile. The ugliness of these houses was as gruesome as a face that has been shot and mangled.The piling up of ugly and gruesome words and images without let up make clear the purposeLanguage points9. A crazy…leprous hill:Simile & transferred epithet. A foolish (insensible) little church just west of Jeannette was bare and looked as repulsive as the skin of a leper.crazy: (colloq.) foolish, wild, fantastic, etc.; not sensibleleper: somebody with leprosy麻疯病人Language pointsleprosy: a tropical disease mainly affecting the skin and nerves that can cause tissue change and, in severe cases, loss of sensation and disfigurement.Jeanette: a small city in Westmoreland county, 21 miles east-southeast of Pittsburgh10. a steel stadium …the line:Simile and ridicule.Language points⏹Questions:1. Why did the writer say ―one expects steel towns to be dirty‖?2. What kind of images did the writer create?Language pointsPara.3⏹What is Para.3 about?-- The ugly design \ shape of the houses.⏹What does the writer say about the country?-- The country itself is not uncomely.Language points⏹What kind of design is their favorite?-- They have taken as their model a brick set on end.⏹What kind of house does the writer prefer?-- A chalet.Language points11. not uncomely: Litotes (understatement). meaning quite comely or pleasant and fair to look at Litotes: A figure of speech间接肯定法·曲言法a) consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite:This is no small problem.b) An expression of the form not unX:Moreover, the attempt is not unsuccessful.Language points12. It is thickly settled:In this area a great number of people live closely together, but it doesn’t give the impression of being overcrowded.solid block : a group of buildings with no breaks or empty space separating them13. If there were architects of any …:The ―if‖ clause is not a real conditional clause.Language pointsSarcasm.It sarcastically emphasizes the fact that there were no architects worthy of its name in this region. There were no architects worthy of the honor or the high standards demanded of by its profession. If there had been such architects they would naturally have built Swiss-type houses, which would lie low and clinging to the hillsides.ChaletLanguage pointschalet : a type of Swiss house, built of wood with balconies and overhanging eaves屋檐14. They have taken …on end:The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.Language points15. clapboard– AmE. weatherboard护墙板，隔板A type of covering for the outer walls of a house, to protect the walls from raindingy: dirty and fadedThese brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slopeLanguage points16. on their low sides . . . mud: Metaphor.Comparing the houses to pigs wallowing in the mud. Since these houses are built on the hillsides and set on brick piers, one side is high and the other is low. The low sides make them look like pigs burying themselves in the mud.Language points17. And one and all ... the streets:metaphor, comparing the patches of paint to dried-up scales formed by a skin disease. streak: if something streaks a surface, it leaves long stripes or marks of a different color on the surface ; coverE.g.Language points⏹His moustache was streaked with grey.⏹The sun is streaking the sea with long lines of gold.⏹His face is streaked with dirt .⏹Her hair had a very pretty grey streak in it. (n. – line)Language pointsEczema: an uncomfortable skin disease which makes your skin itch and become rough and sore. one and all: everyone; every house without exception每栋房屋都积上一道道尘垢，在尘垢的间隙之间，还可隐约见到象湿疹的鳞癣一样的油漆斑点。