高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)复习进程

⾼级英语1-9单元修辞⼿法总结Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as”or “like”.e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1)2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)2)…make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Unit 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻暗喻是⼀种修辞，通常⽤指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从⽽暗⽰⼆者之间的相似之处。

高英修辞Lesson 11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson 41.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)3.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进4. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环5.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism6.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration7.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----parallelism; alliteration8.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句9.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis10. …to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition11. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…----metaphor12. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us -----antithesis13.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.-----metaphor14. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor15. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…----metaphor16.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds -----parallelismLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of thefashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting”sheik”, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our officialreluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and”Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners oftheir elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche。

Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia（拟声法）：is the formation of words in imitation or the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e。

g。

1）Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people（Para。

1)2) the squeaking and rumbling（Para. 9）bye。

g。

1) the heat and glare of a big open square （Para. 1)2)…until you rounded a corner and see a fairlyland of dancing flashes….3)…in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar （Para. 7) 3. alliteration(头韵): is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g。

1) …thread their way among the throngs of people （Para。

1）2）…the sellers, on the other hand, make a point of protesting4。

Hyperbole(夸张）：is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big，small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger，smaller, louder, etc. e。

高级英语1------常考修辞手法总结1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比，这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。

标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。

例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

高级英语修辞总结HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。

常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。

2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。

3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。

二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。

2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。

三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。

引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。

高中英语知识点归纳写作时的修辞手法和篇章结构高中英语知识点归纳：写作时的修辞手法和篇章结构高中英语写作时的修辞手法和篇章结构是学习英语写作的重要内容。

熟练掌握这些知识点有助于提升写作表达能力，使文章更具说服力和吸引力。

本文将对高中英语知识点进行归纳总结，并分析修辞手法和篇章结构的运用。

一、修辞手法修辞手法是指在表达过程中运用的一些技巧和方法，可以增加文章的美感、感染力和表达力。

以下是常见的修辞手法：1.比喻：用某种事物来描述另一种事物，以便使读者更容易理解或感受到作者要表达的意思。

例如：“她的笑容像春天的阳光。

”2.拟人：赋予无生命的事物以人的特征和行为，增加描述的生动性和形象感。

例如：“大树伸展着它的双臂，迎接着朝阳。

”3.排比：通过连续使用并列的词语或短语，加强语气，使句子更具节奏感和力度。

例如：“他勤奋、聪明、勇敢，是个很有前途的年轻人。

”4.反问：用疑问句的形式来表达肯定的观点或强调某一观点，增加说服力。

例如：“难道我们不应该保护环境吗？”5.夸张：对事物进行夸大和放大的描述，以吸引读者的注意力和产生强烈的印象。

例如：“我等了一个世纪才等到他的电话。

”二、篇章结构篇章结构是指文章中段落的组织和连接方式，合理的篇章结构能够使文章更具逻辑性和层次感，使读者更容易理解和接受文章内容。

以下是常见的篇章结构：1.总分结构：先介绍总体概况，再逐一分析各个要点或例证，最后再作总结。

例如：“环境污染是我们面临的重大问题。

首先，我们要了解造成环境污染的原因；其次，我们需要采取相应的措施来解决环境问题；最后，我们希望每个人都能意识到环境保护的重要性。

”2.时间顺序结构：按照时间的先后顺序来组织文章，逐步叙述事件的发展过程。

例如：“星期一早上，我醒来后发现外面下着大雨；接着，我听到了新闻报道说今天会有台风；然后，我决定不出门，安心待在家里。

”3.因果结构：说明某一事件的原因和结果，通过因果关系的描述使文章更有说服力。

The Review of Advanced English (Book 1)一、修辞（rhetoric）Ⅰ. 修辞手法：1）明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。

常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等。

2）隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不用比喻词进行，而直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

3）提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。

[用部分代整体，有隶属关系]4）借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。

[用部分代整体，非隶属关系]5）拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。

6）叠言（rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。

7）双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。

8）拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。

9）讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。

10）通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。

11）alliteration（头韵）：在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。

assonance（腹韵）：相同或相近的元音在诗行中重复出现；consonance（假韵）：两个以上词的词尾辅音完全一致，但其前面的元音不相同；the end rhyme(尾韵)：诗行与诗行之间在末尾的压韵/ 尾韵/脚韵12）anadiplosis（联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍；anticlimax（突降法）：也叫先扬后抑。

高级英语修辞总结Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。

常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。

2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。

3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。

二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。

2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。

三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。

引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。

英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。

例如：1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。

U n i t1M i d d l e E a s t e r n B a z a a r 1. Onomatopoeia拟声法: is the formation of words in imitation or the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1 Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells threadtheir way among the throngs of people Para. 12 the squeaking and rumbling Para. 92. Metaphor隐喻: is the use of a word or phrase which describes onee.g. 1 the heat and glare of a big open square Para. 12…until you rounded a corner and see a fairlyland of dancing flashes….3…in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar Para. 73. alliteration头韵: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1 …thread their way among the throngs of people Para. 1 2…the sellers; on the other hand; make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole夸张: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big; small; loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger; smaller; louder; etc.e.g.or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and…Para. 7quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil Para. 95．Antithesis对偶: is the setting; often in parallel structure; of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.e.g. 1 …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a hugeleather bellows…Para. 52 …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camelsand their stone wheels. Para. 96. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objectsare endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …Para.57. Assonance尾韵e.g. 1… the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding wheels….Unit 21.Metaphor: 暗喻A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another; thus making an implicit comparison.暗喻是一种修辞;通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物;从而暗示二者之间的相似之处..1. And secondly; because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sadthoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.2. …I was again crushed by the thought…Page 13; Para. 4; Line 13. …At last the intermezzo came to an end and…Page 13; Para. 4; Line 14. ...when the meaning of these last words sank in;jolting me (15)P. 7; Lines 1~32. alliteration头韵: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1the fast train in the world slipped to a stop….2I feel sick;; and ever since then they have been testing and treating me….3. rhetorical question 反诘句e.g. 1 Was I not at the scene of the crime4. Synecdoche: 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole a hand for sailor ; the whole for a part as the law for police officer ; the specific for the general as cutthroat for assassin ; the general for the specific as thief for pickpocket ; or the material for the thing from which it is made as steel for sword .举隅法;提喻法：一种修辞方法;以局部代表整体如用手代表水手 ;以整体代表局部如用法律代表警官 ;以特殊代表一般如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者 ;以一般代表特殊如用贼代表扒手 ;或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西如用钢代表剑e.g.1 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. Para. 7l ittle old Japan: traditional Japanese houses2 There were fresh bows; and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .synecdoche5. Metonymy: 换喻A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated; as in the use of “Washington” for “the United States government” or of“the sword” for “military power”.换喻;转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法;如用“华盛顿”代替“美政府”或用“剑”代替“军事力量”The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. Para. 7the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture6. Irony：反语The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反语：正话反说或反话正说以达到幽默和讽刺的效果..e.g. 1This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me. P. 177. Sarcasm讽刺Sarcasm is an expression or cutting remark clearly meaning the opposite to what is felt.e.g. 1Hiroshima—the “liveliest” City in Japan2If you want to write this city; do not forget to say that this city is the gayest city in Japan; even if…8. Euphemism 委婉语Speak with good words 把话说得好听些;婉转些;使听者感到愉快..e.g. 1Each day that I escape death; each day of suffering that helpsto free me from earthly cares….指尘世的生活现在的痛苦9. Climax: 层进法/渐升A series of statements or ideas in an ascending order of rhetorical force or intensity.层进法：在不断增强的修辞力度或强度中使用的一系列陈述和方法e.g. 1No one talks about it any more; and no one wants to; especially the people who were born here or who lived through it. page 15~16;Para. 12; Lines 1~3从没人提它了;到不想提它了;再进为更不想提它了10. Anti-climax: 渐降Anti-climax; as used in the text; states one’s thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity from strong to weak; from weighty to light. It has achieved a humorous or surprised or even a sarcastic effect when the mayor was introducing his city to the visitors; who were expecting his answer to have something to do with the atom bomb; but who ironically heard “oysters” in the end.渐降表述概念的方式是使意义强烈的语言按照步步降低的语气顺序排列;语势由强而弱;语气由重到轻;有此达到取笑、讽刺或是喜剧的效果..e.g. 1 seldom has a city gained such world renown提到广岛的名气;首先想到的是原子弹and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima; a town known throughout the world forits—oysters.”p.1511. Simile 明喻is an expression making a comparison in the imagination between two things using the words as or likee.g. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them…Unit 3 Ships in the Desert1．Personification拟人e.g. 1 Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship; there was nothing but hot dry sand. Para. 12 With the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky. 2．Hyperbolee.g. the population explosion Para. 53．Metaphor1)another ghostly image Para. 62)What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky Para. 83)A sudden and starting surge in human population.4．Metonymy转喻1)the relationship between the two superpowers Para. 232)…in a small tent pitched on a 12-foot slab厚板 of ice floatingin the frigid Arctic Ocean….5. Analogy 类比1…witness humankind’s assault on the earth…2 The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization ….Para26Unit 5 Speech on Hitler’1. Rhetorical question interrogationInterrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer; butfor the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way.E.g. …but can you doubt what our policy will be3. parallel structure1)We will never parleyWe will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gangp.802)we shall fight him by landwe shall fight him by seawe shall fight him in the air. p.803)behind all this glarebehind all this storm I see…p.804)I see the Russian soldiers standing…I see them guarding…I see the ten thousand villages…I see advancing upon…p.795 The past; with its crimes; its follies; and its tragedies; flashes away.6 Pray…for the safety of their loved ones; the return of the bread-winner; of their champion; of their protector.4. InversionA change in normal word order; such as the placement of a verb before its subjecta From this nothing will turn us—nothing P. 805. RepetitionThe repeated use of the same synonymous words; to add force; clearness or balance to a sentenceWe have but one aim and one single; irrevocable purpose. p.78He has so long thrived and prospered. p.81We will never parley; we will never negotiate…p.806. simileA figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared; often in a phrase introduced by like or as; as in “How like the winter hath my absence been” or “So are you to my thoughts as food to life” Shakespeare.明喻：一种修辞手法;把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较;通常在由like 或 as 引导的短1 the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawlinglocusts.p79-802 The Russian danger is therefore our danger; and the danger ofthe USA;just as the cause of any Russian fighting for…..7. metaphorA figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another; thus making an implicit comparison.暗喻是一种修辞;通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物;从而暗示二者之间的相似之处..a I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land…threshold refers to the threshold of their nation. p.79b Behind all this glare; behind all this storm; I see that small group of … p.80Glare: a fierce or angry stare; Here it refers to war fire. Storm: strong wind and rain; Here it refers to war or Hitler’s assault on the other countries.c …delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a saferprey the Russian soldiers. p.80d I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes. Page 77; Para. 1;the last sentencee We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Naziregime. Page80; Para. 3; Lines 6~8f we have rid the earth of his shadow influence and liberated itspeoples from his yokecontrol. p.808. alliterationThe repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables; as in 头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复..如：1 Hearth and home p.822 I also see the dull; drilled; docil e; brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.p.793Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. p.829. PersonificationA figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human formI see the German bombers and fighters in the sky; still smarting from many a British whipping; delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey. p.79-8010. hyperboleA figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effec t; as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸张法：一种比喻;使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果;比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重中1 If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. Hitler is much eviler than the devil. p.7811. Onomatopoeia拟声1…with its clanking; heel clicking; dandified….12. Antithesis 对偶1Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.13. Collusion典故1 I asked whether for him; the arch anti—communist; this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon14.Syllogism三段论推理Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson2.e.g. 1 Indeed; this nation’s best-loved author was every bit asadventurous; patriotic; romantic; and humorous as anyonehas ever imagined. Para. 12 Tom’s mischievous daring; ingenuity; and the sweetinnocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almostas sure to be studied in American schools today as is theDeclaration of Independence. Para. 153Most American remember M. T. as the father of.... 4 ..a memory that seemed phonographic2. Metaphore.g. 1 …who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. Para. 12 …main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.Para. 3.the epidemic of gold and silver fever...4. Mark Twain --- Mirror of AmericaTwain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscle s...3. Sarcasm: it is a figure of speech which attacks in a tauntingand bitter manner; and its aim is to disparage; ridiculeand wound the feelings of the subject attacked. It is mostoften restricted to the making of brief; unpleasant remarksthat are motivated by hostility and contempt.e.g. 1…I knew more about retreating than the man that inventedretreating. Para. 62 …one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler manin a night. Para. 134. Alliteration头韵.e.g. It was a splendid population –for all the slow; sleepy;sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost orconsequences”5. Antithesis对偶e.g. 1…of the difference between what people claim to be and whatthey really are. Para. 52…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.3 It was a splengded population—for all the slow; sleepy;sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home…...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...6. euphemisme.g. 1 He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band ofConfiderate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact withthe enemy.2 he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s finalrelease from earthly struggles3 they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence..7. metonymy转喻e.g. …but for making money; his pen would prove mightier than hispickax.8.personification.The grave world smiles as usually and says….9.Transferred epithet 转移修饰语e.g. He had to leave the city for a while because of some scathingcolumns he wrote.10. Hyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of free dom...Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic c ruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer o f freedom and adventure.SynecdocheKeelboats;...carried the first major commerceUnit 10 The Trial that Rocked the World1. Metaphor:No one;... that may case would snowball into...The oratorical storm that…....our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…2. Simile:...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...3. Metonymy...tomorrow the magazines; the books; the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below. 4. Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldHis reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.overstatement5. Ridicule丑化Bryan; ageing and paunchy; was assisted ...….and it is a mighty strong combinationBryan mopped his bald dome in silence.Resolutely he strode to the stand; carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.6. Sarcasm讽刺:There is some doubt about that.And it is a mighty strong combination.In one hand he brandished a biology text text as he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence.7. Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. Darrow walked slowly round the baking court.8. AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.9. Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn...10. Repetition:The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...11. synecdoche提喻1 the case had erupted round my head12. oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a ; “victorious defeat”p of a rope; the hiss of sudden spray.13 .Irony：反语The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反语：正话反说或反话正说以达到幽默和讽刺的效果..e.g. Until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16thcentury.14. Pun 双关Darwin Is Right—inside15.synaesthesia 通感“Mama”Wangero said sweet as a bird…..。

⾼级英语⼀修辞格归纳《⾼级英语（⼀）》修辞格归纳英语修辞格种类1.⾳韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)⾳韵修辞格是利⽤词语的语⾳特点创造出来的修辞⼿法。

主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration、assonance（元韵）、consonance（辅韵）等。

2.词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)主要借助语义的联想和语⾔的变化等特点创造出来的修辞⼿法。

主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion（典故）, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma（轭式修饰法）, contrast 等。

3.句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)主要是指通过句⼦结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞⼿法。

这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, parallelism, antithesis, apostrophe （顿呼）等。

Anti-climax 渐降、突降法It is the opposite of Climax (渐升、层进法). A climbing down from strong to weak, from most impressive to less impressive. It is often used in humorous writing.1.For God, for American, and for Yale.2.The duties of a solider are to protect his country and peel potatoes.3.O dear!What shall I do?I have lost my beau and lipstick too.4.I love my motherland,I love my people,I love my wife and my son and my daughter,I also love my pretty little dog.幽默风趣讽刺嘲笑出⼈意料Climax 渐升、层进法A figure of speech in which a series of words or ideas is arranged in order of increasing importance.1.We’re low---we’re very low---we’re very very low, as low as low can be.2.The audience smiled, chuckled and finally howled.3.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.4.He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courageloses all.5.The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.Rhetorical Question 修辞问句Asking a question whose answer is self-evident intended to stir emotions.A question requiring no answer.不需要回答,其答案寓于问句的反⾯, 其作⽤是加强语⽓,表达强烈的感情, 以引起读者或听者深思。

一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②Most American remember M. T. as the father of...（2）metaphor 暗喻①the last this intermezzo came to an end…②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America③saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...④main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑤All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑥When railroads began drying up the demand...⑦...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑧Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑨Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑩The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑪and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑫I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑬I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.⑭The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.⑮I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.⑯We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head（5）personification 拟人①...to literature's enduring gratitude...②The grave world smiles as usual...③Bitterness fed on the man...④America laughed with him.⑤Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.（7）hyperbole 夸张①If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.②...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...③The cast of characters... - a cosmos.④America laughed with him.⑤The trial that rocked the world⑥His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. "（9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to expresssomething different from and often opposite to theirliteral meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the ―liveliest‖ city in Japan②… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remarkintended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①There is some doubt about that.（12）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.二、结构修辞格（13）antithesis 对比①Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…②"The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below③...between what people claim to be and what they really are.④...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...⑤...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever（14）rhetorical question 修辞疑问句①Was I not at the scene of the crime?②Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?③In what conceivable way does our car concern you?三、音韵修辞格（15）头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。

01
metaphor 隐喻，暗喻
暗喻直接将甲事物当做乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物的联系或 共同点是暗含的 1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。 2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读，另一些需要被“狼吞 虎咽”般地阅读；很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。
I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. (Para .8)
将德国军队比作横行的蝗虫，引导听众潜意识地转移 情感，将对蝗虫的憎恨厌恶转移到敌人身上，同时也 形象地说明了他们的破坏性和蔓延性
rhetoric
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01
I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land......(Para .8)

高二英语知识点复习归纳大纲考点梳理2024高二英语知识点复习归纳大纲（2024）1. 词汇复习- 基础词汇：对常见的高中英语词汇进行复习，包括常用动词、形容词、副词、名词等。

- 扩展词汇：学习一些高级词汇，包括学术词汇、高级动词短语、习惯用语等。

2. 语法复习- 时态：复习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时等各种时态的构成与用法。

- 语态：复习被动语态的构成与用法。

- 子句与从句：复习宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等从句的构成与用法。

- 强调句型：掌握强调句型的构成与用法。

3. 阅读理解- 短文阅读：学会阅读不同主题和形式的短文，并能够回答相关的问题。

- 长篇阅读：提高阅读长篇材料的能力，包括对文章的整体理解、主旨归纳、段落主题等。

4. 写作技巧- 作文基础：复习叙述性、说明性、议论性作文的写作结构和语言表达。

- 文章结构：学习不同类型文章的结构和写作技巧，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。

- 语言表达：提高写作时的语言表达能力，包括词汇选择、句子结构和修辞手法等。

5. 口语表达- 会话技巧：提高口语交流的能力，包括对话、问答、演讲等多种语言形式的应用。

- 发音准确：注意基本发音规则的掌握，特别是对于容易混淆音的区分。

- 流利表达：提高口语表达的流利程度，注意句子的连贯性和流畅度。

6. 听力训练- 听力理解：通过听取各种听力材料，学会理解不同语速和语调的英语口语表达。

- 笔记技巧：学会听力中的关键信息，并通过笔记记录和总结，提高听力的效果。

- 听写训练：通过听写练习，提高对听力材料的理解和表达能力。

以上是高二英语知识点复习归纳大纲，涵盖了词汇、语法、阅读理解、写作技巧、口语表达和听力训练等多个方面。

希望对你的复习有所帮助！。

高英修辞Lesson 11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson 41.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)3.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进4. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环5.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism6.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration7.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----parallelism; alliteration8.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句9.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot savethe few who are rich. -----antithesis10. …to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition11. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…----metaphor12. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us -----antithesis13.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.-----metaphor14. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor15. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…----metaphor16.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds -----parallelismLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about thenaughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting”sheik”, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhatby the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and”Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do thingsbetter.”—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche。

高级英语1修辞手法汇总修辞手法是英语写作中常用的一种技巧，通过运用修辞手法可以使文章更加生动、富有表现力，增强读者的阅读体验。

在高级英语写作中，修辞手法的运用尤为重要，它可以为文章赋予深度和风格，并提升文章的艺术性和说服力。

下面将介绍几种常见的修辞手法。

一、比喻（Metaphor）比喻是一种通过将一个事物与另一个事物相比较，以便更好地说明或形容某个概念或主题的修辞手法。

它常常用于描述抽象的概念，使之变得更加具体和形象。

例句：1. He is a lion in the battlefield.2. Her smile was a ray of sunshine on a cloudy day.二、拟人（Personification）拟人是一种将非人类的事物或抽象的概念赋予人类的特征和行为的修辞手法。

通过将这些非人类的事物拟人化，可以使文章更生动有趣，增强读者对其中事物的感知和理解。

例句：1. The wind whispered through the trees.2. The flowers danced in the breeze.三、夸张（Hyperbole）夸张是一种通过夸大事物的特征或情况来强调其重要性或影响力的修辞手法。

它常用于诗歌、演讲或幽默作品中，以引起读者的兴趣和共鸣。

例句：1. I've told you a million times not to do that!2. The line for the new iPhone was a mile long.四、反问（Rhetorical question）反问是一种不需要回答的问题，用于引起读者的思考或表达某种意义的修辞手法。

通过将一个问题直接提出，可以引起读者的兴趣和注意，并激发其对文章主题的思考。

例句：1. Do you really think I would believe such a ridiculous story?2. Can you imagine a world without music?五、排比（Parallelism）排比是一种通过重复并列的结构或类似的语法结构来增加修辞效果的修辞手法。

英语修辞手法１、Simｉle明喻明喻就是将具有共性得不同事物作对比、这种共性存在于人们得心里,而不就是事物得自然属性.标志词常用liｋｅ, ａs, seem, as if, ａs thｏugｈ, ｓｉmiｌar tｏ, ｓuch ａs 等。

例如:1>。

He waｓlｉke aｃｏｃk wｈo tｈouｇｈｔtｈe sunｈad ｒｉsｅｎto heａr ｈim crｏｗ、2＞、I ｗaｎdereｄlonely aｓa clouｄ。

3＞。

Eｉnstｅin oｎly had a blaｎkｅｔon, ａs iｆｈe had jｕst walkeｄｏu ｔoｆaｆairy tale、2。

Metaｐhor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻就是简缩了得明喻,就是将某一事物得名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。

例如:1〉。

Ｈｏpe ｉｓa gｏod breaｋｆast, but ｉｔiｓ a badｓupｐｅr、２＞.Soｍe books are to be tasｔed, otｈｅrsｓwallowed, ａndｓome few ｔo beｃhewｅd and digestｅｄ。

3、Metonｙmy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说得事物,而使用另一个与之相关得事物名称、I。

以容器代替内容,例如:1>。

The kettlｅboils、水开了、2〉。

Thｅｒoom sat ｓilenｔ、全屋人安静地坐着。

II。

以资料、工具代替事物得名称,例如:Lend me your eaｒs, plｅａse.请听我说、ＩＩＩ.以作者代替作品,例如:a ｐlete Shaｋespｅare 莎士比亚全集ＶＩ、以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ｉhａｄthe ｍusｃle, aｎｄtｈey mａde ｍoney ｏut of iｔ、我有力气,她们就用我得力气赚钱。

4、Syｎｅcdocｈe 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般、例如:1>。

高级英语修辞总结第一篇：高级英语修辞总结1)Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词2)Metaphor：(暗喻)喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成3)Analogy:(类比)4)Personification:(拟人)5)Hyperbole:(夸张)6)Understatement:(含蓄陈述）7)Euphemism:(委婉)8)Metonymy:(转喻）转喻又称换喻，或借代。

9)Synecdoche(提喻）整体代部分，部分代整体10)Antonomasia(换喻）11)Pun:(双关语）12)Syllepsis:(一语双叙）13)Zeugma:(轭式搭配）把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。

在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。

14)Irony:(反语）运用跟本意相反的词语来表达此意，却含有否定、讽刺以及嘲弄的意15)Innuendo:(暗讽）16)Sarcasm:(讽刺）17)Paradox:(似非而是的隽语）即短而机智之妙语，名言警句18)Oxymoron:(矛盾修饰）19)Antithesis:(对照)20)Epigram:(警句）21)Climax:(渐进或递升法）22)Anti-climax or bathos:（突降，渐降)23)Apostrophe：(顿呼）24)Transferred Epithet:(移就，转类形容词）就是有意识的把描写甲事物的词语移用来描写乙事物。

一般可分为移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三类。

25)Alliteration:(头韵）头韵是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头音相同的单词，简明生动，起到突出重点，加深印象，平衡节奏，宣泄感情的作用。

26)Onomatopoeia:(拟声）27)Synaesthesia：(通感,联觉,移觉)28）Parallelism(排比，平行)29）Allegory（讽喻，比方，寓言）30）Parody（仿拟）31）Rhetorical question（修辞疑问，反问）32）Rhetorical repetition（叠言）33）Allusion（典故，隐喻）34）anaphora（首语重复法）第二篇：高级英语第一册所有修辞方法及例子总结Personification:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Hyperbole Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to emphasize a point, to create humor, or to achieve some similar effects1)...takes you...hundreds even thousands of years2)innumerable lamps3)with the dust of centuries4)…5)...cruise through eternal boyhood and...endless summer of freedom...6)America laughed with him.7).The trial that rocked the world8)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.9)Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.Onomatopoeia:1)creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing2).its anking, heel icking3)appreciative chuckle4)clucked his tongueMetaphor1)2)3)4)5)I had a lump in my throat At last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought..hen the meaning...sank in, jolting me outof my sad reverie little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers...struggle between kimono and the miniskirtlittle old Japan----traditional floating houses6)I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactHiroshima----people of Hiroshima, especially those who suffered from the A-bomb(keep her thoughts under control)E.g.1)Whether for him, the arch 3)The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except and racial domination.a.his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.(give sb.an angry and quick glare)b.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.(the detective said the words suddenly and savagely.)c.Her tone...withered...(become shorter from her frightening voice)d....self-assurance...flickered...(hesitate;move with a quick wavering light emotion)e.The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.1)f.Her voice was a whiplash.i.(a heavy blow)2)g.eyes bored into himi.(look at him pointedly or sharply)3)h.I’ll spell it out.a)(explain or speak outfrankly and indetail)4)1.Mark Twain---Mirror of America5)2.Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruisethrough eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.6)3.The geographic core, in Twain's early years was the great valley of the MississippiRiver , main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart.7)4.The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied — acosmos.8)Cast of characters: people of various sorts;cosmos: a place where one can find all sortsof characters9)5.Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, butits flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as will.10)current: stream, here not a good choice for the verb teem.11)6.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever inNevada 's Washoe region.12)Succumbed…to: gave way to(yielded to, submitted to)the gold and silver rushprevailing in that area.13)7.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and thepersistent, and was rebuffed.Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth…14)15)16)17)18)19)20)21)22)23)24)25)26)27)28)29)30)31)32)33)34)failed 8.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.6.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada 's Washoe region.Succumbed…to: gave way to(yielded to, submitted to)the gold and silver rush prevailing in that area.7.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed.Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth…failed Digging …fame: working hard to gain regional fameMark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles.Honed: sharpened/exercised.It is not suitable to say “sharpen one's muscles”.saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soakedup...(submarine comes back to the surface, here reappear)When railroads began drying up the demand......took unholy verbal shots...my case would snowball into...our town...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street...sprouted with...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…The case had erupted on my head.Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a …But although Malone had won the orato rical duel with Bryan.Then the court broke into a storm of applause that …He accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death …Irony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm.1)Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan2)marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryAnti-climax : the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions.This device is usu.aimed at creating comic or humorous effects.1)a town known throughout the world for its---oystersParallelismthe repetition of sounds, meanings and structures serve to order, emphasize, and point out relationsϒϒϒϒ(1)The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies...(2)the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector(3)We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.(4)are still primordial humanjoys, where maidens laugh and children play.ϒ(5)Let us...Let us...ϒ(6)He hopes...He hopes(7)Behind all this glare, behind all this stormLitotes(double negative)(语轻意重法,间接肯定法)a)A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the oppositedirection.b).Sarcasm1)ah, yes, for there are times when all pray2)There is some doubt about that.3)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout theworld.Alliteration（头韵）repetition of vowel sound1)2)3)4)its anking, heel ickingRhetorical question1)E.g.… b ut can you doubt what our policy will be?Assonance e.g.when bigots lighted faggots to burn...Repetition –Antithesis(两个结构相似但是意思相反的平行从句便是对偶句)1)E.g.Anyman or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.(E.g.The coward does it with a kiss, the brave man a sword.)2)From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.3)...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...4)...a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverSimilea)b)c)d)e)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding...a memory that seemed phonographic...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...The oratorical storm … blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind …Periodic sentence(圆周句)Periodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense.The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.松散句把主要意思放在次要意思之前，先说最重要的事情，因而读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道这句话的意思。