汉译英翻译训练1. 翻译的定义翻译是指把一种语言文字的意义转换成另一种语言文字。
简言之，翻译是一种用不同的语言文字将原文作者的意思准确地再现出来的艺术。
从以上翻译定义我们知道，原文的思想必须尽可能得到保持，不可有所增删。
译者的任务只是转换文字而不是改变其意思。
因此，翻译有两种要素：准确性与表达性。
准确性是翻译的首要条件。
译者必须谨慎地遵循原作者的意思，所选用的字词和句式结构必须如实地传达出原文的思想。
表达性是让译文易于理解。
换言之，译者必须用自己的手段尽可能地将原文的思想清楚而有力地表达出来。
准确性使译出的思想明确无误，而表达性则使译文生动，具有魅力。
焦点问题：词语的选择参考译文：Definition of TranslationTranslation means the conversion of an expression from one language into another. To say it plainly, translation is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original. From the above definition of translation we know that the original thought of the expression must be kept as far as possible. Nothing should be added to or taken away from the original work. The duty of the translator is simply to change the vocabulary, not the thought. In translation therefore, there are two essential elements: accuracy and expressiveness. Accuracy is the first indispensable quality of translation. The translator must cautiously stick to the author’s idea. Words selected and sentences constructed must be such as to convey the exact original thought. Expressiveness is to make the translationreadily understood. In other words, the translator must express the author’s idea as clearly and as forcibly as he can by the medium he employs. Accuracy is to make the thought definite and exact; while expressiveness is to make the translation vivid and attractive.2.文化的交流当今的世界，既非丝绸之路时代，亦非马可.波罗时代。
从上海去东京，只需两个多小时，相当于从北京到杭州的时间。
从中国去地球另一端的美国，也能在日历上的头一天到达。
昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。
这是人类文明进步的共同成果。
不论是中国的还是外国的历史一再证明：文化需要交流。
只有交流，才能相互学习，相互了解；只有交流，才能共同去促进人类智慧向着一座又一座的高峰发展，并共同享用其成果。
焦点问题 1. 主语的选择2．专有名词的翻译Cultural exchangeThe world today is no longer the world of times of the Silk Road or Marco Polo. It takes only a little over two hours to fly from Shanghai to Tokyo, just as much time to reach Hangzhou from Beijing. From China we can reach America on the other side of the ocean on the same calender day. With the development of science and technology great distances in the past have been made unbelievably short. This is the achievement of the progress of human civilization. The historical experiences of both China and other countries have once again proved that culture needs exchanging. Through exchange only can we learn from each other and come to know each other better. Through exchange only can we give full play to human wisdom and enjoy the common fruits of civilization.3．白蛇传脍炙人口的传统京剧《白蛇传》讲的是传自明朝的故事。
白蛇精与青蛇精化作美女来到人间。
白蛇精与一位书生相爱并生一子。
禅师法海认为他们的结合违反传统婚姻, 伤风败俗, 他气急败坏。
于是他派神兵神将前来捉拿白蛇精,并把她镇压在一座塔下面。
后来, 青蛇精在深山中修炼, 习武多年, 终于砸烂了那座塔, 救出白蛇精。
至此,白蛇精与丈夫、儿子又得团聚。
在《白》剧中，蛇被赋予了崇高的人性。
焦点问题：文化负载词语的翻译The White SnakeThe White Snake, one of the most popular traditional Beijing operas, is based on a story handed down from Ming Dynasty 1368-1644. White Snake Spirit and Green Snake Spirit metamorphosed themselves into two beautiful girls and ventured into the human world. White Snake fell in love with a young scholar and gave birth to a son. Fahai, a Buddhist monk, regarded their union as a violation of the conventions regarding marriage as an example of moral degeneration. Much enraged, he sent officers and soldiers from the heaven, who captured White Snake, and using magical powers he himself incarcerated her underneath a pagoda. For many years afterwards, Green Snake hid herself in deep mountains and gave herself rigorous spiritual and martial arts training. In the end she succeeded in toppling the pagoda and rescued her mistress. Now White Snakewas reunited with her husband and son.The snake in the opera is endowed with the noble character of human nature .4. 乡间风俗大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。
所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。
尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的生活方式生活着。
种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷，做礼拜；在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞、唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。
这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。
焦点问题：谓语的选择译文1.Nature endows all people with her bounty on an equal basis, whether they are rich or poor. Therefore, all people alike are dependent on Nature equally profoundly. This is particularly true of rural people, who have lived an unchanged life for thousands of years in the country. They grow crops and grapes; they make wine and brew beer and drink them; they raise cattle and milk cows; they weed gardens and plant flowers. At weekends, they go to church to say their prayers or conduct religious services. During holidays, they go to open squares, where they play musical instruments, dance to music and sing songs. Fields and gardens in the past continue to be their sweet homeland. Thus, each place has had its own legends and developed its own customs, which pass down from generation to generation.译文2.The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so. They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed the gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on holidays, playing the violin, singing and dancing. The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go down.5.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。
