中国文化导读课件10

中国文化概况主讲教师: 朱丽明Allusions金玉其外，败絮其中：Rubbish coated in gold and jade一片冰心：Crystal-like heart kept in the jade flask---pure and innocent friendship.青梅竹马：Green plums and bamboo horses鸟尽弓藏：The bow is cast aside once the birds are gone.入境问禁On entering a country, inquire about what is forbiddenTraditional Chinese MedicineTraditional Chinese Medicine•Many Chinese people, especially the older generation, are accustomed to going to traditional Chinese doctors and using traditional Chinese remedies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)has a history stretching back thousands of years. TCM is an extremely rich discipline, built upon the combined experiences of famous practitioners of past dynasties, and the extensive body of medical writings they produced.TCM considers Nature and Human to form a single whole, and emphasizes the philosophical concept known as"The Unity of Heaven and Human." Environmental factors such as the four seasons and changes in temperature and weatherbody, with the body and Nature forming an integrated system.•When the weather is hot in the springWhen the weather ishumid in summerWhen the weather isdry in the fall•When the weather iscold in winter•All parts and systems of the body are considered to be closely connected and mutually interacting. "The outside of the body is Yang, the inside is Yin; the back is Yang, the abdomen (腹部) is Yin."TCM utilizes Yin-Yang Theory and Five Elements Theory, which advocate "administering treatment according to pattern," rather than "treating the head when the head hurts; treating the foot when the foot hurts."•According to the Five Elements Theory, the liver and gallbladder（胆囊）are Wood, the heart is Fire （火）, the spleen（脾）and stomach are Earth （土）, the lungs and intestines（肠）are Metal （金）, and the kidneys（肾）and bladder（膀胱）are Water（水）.When Yin and Yang are out of balance,disease and disorder result.Methods of Diagnosis•The basics of TCM diagnostics are: observe (望), hear and smell (闻), ask about background (问) and read the pulse (切).Then classify the symptoms into different types (阴阳表里寒热虚实). TCM requires skill in a range of diagnostic systems not commonly used outside of TCM. Much of this diagnostic skill involves developing the abilities to observe subtle appearances;to observe that which is right in front of us, but escapes the observation of most people.Chinese medicine treats the root •Traditional Chinese remedies consist of natural preparations. Several thousand years of experimentation have determined the specific medicinal properties of numerous herbs, and the specific prescriptions and treatments that should be used for a wide range of conditions. The famous Compendium of Materia Medica(本草纲目), written by Li Shizhen during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), contains comprehensive descriptions of thousands of Chinese herbal remedies. Traditional Chinese remedies may either be taken internally or applied externally to promote the recovery of normal functioning, in accordance with the theory of "administering treatment according to pattern." Thus the saying, "Western medicine treats the symptom, Chinese medicine treats the root."The Popularity of TCM•As more people have become interested in alternative lifestyles in recent years, there has been a corresponding upsurge of interest in herbal medicine and non-pharmaceutical treatments. Traditional Chinese medicine and remedies have become increasingly popular around the world, and the number of Sino-foreign exchanges concerning traditional Chinese medicine and remedies has steadily increased. Japan, the United States, and Germany have established a number of cooperative projects with China, and the World Health Organization has opened seven traditional Chinese medicine centers in China.Methods of treatment•Herbal Medicine 中草药•Acupuncture 针灸& Moxibustion 灸术, 艾灼•Cupping 拔火罐•Massage 推拿•Diet therapy or food therapy 食疗•Gua Sha 刮痧•Qigong exercises and Medical Qikong 保健气功•Exercise therapy （Taijiquan and other Chinese Martial Arts）运动健身疗法中草药•This is the oldest form of Chinese medicine. This treatment originally required the patient to boil up medicinal plants and other medicinal substances, and drink the resultant liquid. These days Chinese Herbal Medicine is more commonly administered in the convenient form of powders that can be dissolved in water, or in the form of pills. Herbal Medicine is usually used to counteract the effects from excessive cold, heat, dampness or dryness, and to restore normal function of the organs.Acupuncture & Moxibustion •Acupuncture & moxibustion is a unique therapy of China. It is a kind of treatment curing inner diseases from outside, and is used to treat various illnesses based on the theories of channels and vital points with applications of specific techniques. Based on the diagnosis and therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, the doctor can find out the pathogeny (病原)of illnesses, distinguish the features of diseases, determine which channel and viscera（内脏）the pathological （致病的）change belongs to, and identify which type the illness belongs to (inner or outer; cold or heat; insufficiency or excessiveness), and finally make the diagnosis. Then, the doctor can prescribe the corresponding acupuncture to prevent and cure the diseases by dredging channels, regulating vigor and sap（元气）, balancing Yin and Yang, and harmonizing the functions of the viscera.Cupping 拔火罐•In this modality ,glass or acrylic（丙烯酸）suction(吸入) cups are applied to specific areas of the body. It is a congested(使充血) treatment using a vacuum cup sucked firmly on the skin. Usually, the doctor fires an alcohol sponge（棉）and puts it inside the cup for a short while to make the cup a vacuum one, then he places the vacuum cup instantly over the selected spot of the skin. It is mainly used for conditions that are associated with “stagnation”（淤塞）which often manifests as chronic (慢性) pain．Massage 推拿•Chinese Massage uses a number of techniques, which are designed to release tightness in tissues(组织), stimulate specific points or areas, and facilitate the flow of Qi. Chinese massages are usually very relaxing, highly invigorating（令人爽快的）or both.。