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第二讲技法篇完形填空主要考查考生在理解整篇文章的基础上具体运用语法知识和词语的能力，那么它的重点一定是放在对整篇文章的逻辑和结构的理解上，更多地考查考生把握文章的脉络以及分析上下文逻辑的能力，即根据上下文的已知信息来确定答案。
但有些考生在做题时，往往会犯以下三种错误：1．中式思维忽略英语文章的行文逻辑以及英语国家的语言习惯和文化常识。
2．主观臆断不从语境中寻找答案，而是凭自己的主观臆断去选择答案。
3．匆忙作答边看文章边选答案，看似很节省时间，但会造成“一错再错，连续犯错”的恶果。
考生做完形填空题，最根本的方法是在全面理解文章大意的基础上，综合运用语言知识、阅读能力和逻辑思维进行解题。
技法一通读全文明确大意，细研首句把握全篇完形填空的命题原则是“选项语境化，试题语篇化”，由此可知，答案就隐含在上下文语境之中。
所以，要正确解答完形填空的题目，首先要通读文章，准确把握文章大意。
[增分技法1]利用首句明大意完形填空一般不在首句设题，这是为了给考生提供一个清晰而完整的背景信息。
记叙文的首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。
仔细分析首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，因此不可忽视文章的首句。
[典例](2018.全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free”course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits (I)managed to get an A in that __53__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.classroom．53．A.game B．presentationC．course D．experiment[解析]C本篇完形填空的第一句话没有设题，是一个完整的句子。
三、写作意图题(2019·天津，D)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》).And the story poses an interesting question：why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark.I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can’t all get there.I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But，if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we can’t change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However，we can achieve meaning only if we have madea commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我)，whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate(视……等同于) “commitment”with such “caring”occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck，or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.51.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .A.loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativityB.age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goalC.misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD.disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success答案B解析推理判断题。
姓名，年级：时间：第三讲概括细节理解题Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考（2019·全国卷Ⅰ)For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue， N．Y.， today is speech day ，and right now it’s Chris Palaez's turn. The 8。
year。
old is the joker of the class。
With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking。
But he’s nervous。
“I’m here to tell you today why you should。
should。
.”Chris trips on the“.ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many non。
native English speakers。
His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“。
Vote for.。
. me。
..”Except for some _stumbles , Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him。
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year， when called upon to read， Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience。
3.议论文A(2019·四川双流中学模拟)History books are filled with wealthy people who were practically poor compared to me.I have storm windows， 1 Croesus，the last king of Lydia who was incredibly rich，did not.The entire population 2 before Alexander the Great，but he couldn’t buy unpacked cat food.William Ⅰ，who conquered England some 930 years ago， 3 a compound saw(复合锯)．Given how much 4 I am than so many famous 5 people，you’d think I’d be content.However，the 6 is that，like most people，I compare my wealth with 7 of living persons：neighbors，school classmates，TV personalities.The 8 I feel toward my friend Howard’s new kitchen is not 9 by the fact that no French king 10 had a refrigerator with glass doors.There is really no rising or falling 11 of living.Over the centuries people simply find different things to 12 about.You’d think that merely not having a disease would put us in a good 13 ，but no，we want a hot bathtub，too.Of course，one way to achieve happiness would be to 14 that even by contemporary standards the things I 15 are pretty nice.My house is 16 than the houses of many investment bankers，but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep 17 .18 to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future，those bankers，fancy counter tops and my own worn ones will seem 19 shabby.I can’t 20 my neighbor right now.But just wait.语篇解读本文通过论述告诫人们，“知足常乐，不攀比”。
2020高考英语增分大二轮讲义：语法部分+专题三+基础点课时+第1讲+Word版含答案第1讲名词解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词常修饰可数名词复数，也要注意修饰不可数名词的词或短语等，以用来判断其应为不可数名词还是可数名词的单复数形式，有时还要结合语境分析句子成分来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。
考点感悟考点素能一名词复数变化规律1．规则名词变复数的6种形式(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加－s：book→books, mouth→mouths, house→houses, girl→girls(2)以－s, －x, －ch, －sh结尾的名词，在词尾加－es：glass→glasses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes(3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es：city→cities, country→countries, party→parties, factory→factories(4)以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加－s：holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys(5)以o结尾的名词常在词尾加－s：radio→radios, zoo→zoos, piano→pianos, kilo→kilos, photo→photos；加－es的有：hero→heroes, Negro→Negroes, tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes(6)以－f, －fe结尾的名词①少数直接加－s：roof→roofs, belief→beliefs②一般以－f或－fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加－es：self→selves, life→lives, thief→thieves, wife→wives, knife→knives, leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, half→halves 2．不规则名词变复数的常见形式(1)单复数同形：deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft(2)变内部元音：foot→feet, tooth→teeth, man→men, woman→women(3)外来名词：medium→media 媒体，phenomenon→phenomena 现象，analysis→analyses 分析二常见的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。
第三部分专题一第3讲A(2023·湖南省新高考教学教研联盟高三一模)I walked to Mrs.Windsor's house and waited outside.She was working with another student, and I was not supposed to 1. them by ringing the bell.I stood againstthe wall and 2. what I'd rather be doing.I had been tutored enough to read, understand, and even write some musical compositions, but I just didn't have a 3. for it.Mrs.Windsor had offered to give me the lessons 4. , so I felt it my dutyto try.The door opened and Wendy Barton came out.I walked in, sat down on the piano benchand began to 5. my sheet music.Today Mrs.Windsor 6. her niece Pasha to teach me.With a smile, Pasha sat beside me on the piano bench, opened my sheet music tothe beginning page and asked me to play.I 7. my fingers on the keys.Then I frownedand concentrated to make the notes on the page 8. the finger movements.I had to admit I was a rather 9. pianist.After about a page or two, Pasha gently put her hand on top of mine as if to 10. my fingers.There was a long pause.“What are you hearing in the music？” I lookedat her rather 11. and admitted I didn't know what she meant, “Like a 12. .Here,let me try and you listen，” Pasha advised.She closed her eyes and took a deep breath, letting her fingers 13. lightly over the keys.Then, she began to play.“See, it begins here beside some kind of river.Hear the water flowing beside you？” Her fingers 14. and fell gently onthe keys.“Now a princess appears and she's picking flowers from the water's 15. .”A happy piece of music filled the air in time to Pasha's dancing fingers.1.A．scare B．botherC．inform D．remind2.A．daydreamed B．predictedC．decided D．regretted3.A．taste B．desireC．gift D．memory4.A．in advance B．for freeC．as usual D．as well5.A．sort through B．look overC．go over D．look through6.A．introduced B．beggedC．ordered D．selected7.A．rested B．openedC．arranged D．covered8.A．follow B．matchC．equal D．resemble9.A．professional B．skillfulC．stubborn D．mechanical10.A．touch B．pressC．warm D．calm11.A．anxiously B．strangelyC．sadly D．gratefully12.A．river B．flowerC．story D．princess13.A．dance B．flowC．fly D．jump14.A．left B．droppedC．rose D．departed15.A．source B．entranceC．middle D．edge【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
增分强化练(三) 阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋完形填空＋短文改错(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解With summer break coming up for children across the United States, now it's time to plan a fantastic summer trip for your family.Here are a few of the best places you can take your family to this year and any year for that matter.Montgomery, AlabamaMontgomery is an important site for learning about the history of the Civil Rights Movement.Children with their families can visit the Civil Rights Memorial Center to take a tour of the exhibits and learn about the hopes and dreams and the struggle for equality in the country.Kenai Peninsula, AlaskaIf you are looking for a wonderful outdoor adventure, the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska is a fantastic trip.While visiting this region of Alaska, you can explore the Kenai Mountains in Kenai Fjords(峡湾)National Park, where your kids can see glaciers, fjords and especially the Harding Icefield.Fishing is another wonderful activity to enjoy at this destination.Channel Islands, CaliforniaThe Channel Islands are an amazing archipelago (群岛) off the coast of California.Here visitors can enjoy the Channel Islands National Park.The Channel Islands National Park protects five of the islands.Within the protection of the park there is a wide variety of wildlife, as well as natural and cultural resources.You should keep an eye out for seals, sea lions, dolphins，and many more.Memphis, TennesseeMemphis is a fantastic destination for families that enjoy music.This city played a great role in the evolution of Blues music.You certainly won't want to miss out on a trip to Graceland while exploring Memphis.The home of Elvis Presley is open to visitors for tours, where you can travel through the life and rise of Elvis.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。
第三模块完形填空【考纲解读】完形填空是一种综合性较强的语言技能测试,涉及的知识面很广。
新课标把该考点解读为主要“考查测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力”。
其命题原则是“以实词为主,虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化”。
该考点要求考生除了要熟练掌握语法知识结构、词语的用法特点和短语的习惯搭配外,还必须具有良好的阅读能力和较强的分析判断能力,能从语篇水平角度出发,贯通上下文,既要考虑结构上的搭配,又要考虑意义上的完美。
完形填空题材广泛,涉及日常生活、人物、社会、故事等各个方面。
完形填空的体裁包括记叙文、说明文和议论文,其中记叙文尤其是夹叙夹议型的记叙文更是考查的热点。
卷别体裁题材正文词数2018Ⅰ夹叙夹议文学习思维象棋的感受264Ⅱ记叙文一次意外的营救269Ⅲ记叙文收到陌生人的短信之后 (268)2017Ⅰ记叙文学习美式手语的经历251Ⅱ记叙文一件特殊的衬衫261Ⅲ记叙文赠送环球航空票的故事2582016Ⅰ记叙文救助着火的汽车的故事243Ⅱ夹叙夹议文电话给人留下的印象256Ⅲ夹叙夹议文实现梦想268通过研读近三年的高考试题,并结合上述分析表可以看出完形填空试题具有如下特点:1.选文特点体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,话题多以传播正能量的、具有积极意义的故事类文章为主,重在引导和培养学生高尚的道德情操和坚强的意志,让考生在考试中感悟人生哲理。
所选文章几乎全是叙述文体的原汁原味的小故事,内容情节深刻,常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写,篇章与语句结构的变化丰富多彩;文章篇幅相对稳定,一般在 240 ~ 300 词之间;所选短文结构严谨、层次分明、逻辑性强。
2.设空特点(1)完整性。
尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语,使信息链中断,造成间隔性的语义空白,但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。
完形填空题一般为记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章。
记叙文具有很强的故事性,故事情节涉及时间、地点、人物、过程、结局等基本要素;无论哪种体裁,都提供完整的语篇信息。
第3讲议论文和说明文题型概述议论文和说明文的完形填空都属于较难的文体，在全国卷中出现的频率很低，议论文在全国卷中基本没有考查，说明文也仅仅是在2012年和2014年出现过两次，不过也应加以足够重视。
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。
这类文章或从正面提出某种见解、主张，或是驳斥别人的错误观点。
议论文类完形填空具有如下特点：(1)首句制胜，论点明确。
议论文一般都在首句提出论点，然后在各段的前句提出分论点。
(2)结构清楚，逻辑通顺。
作者为了使文章的脉络清晰，一般会使用一些逻辑关联词(或短语)，如on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally, surely, obviously等。
(3)方法论证，合情合理。
议论文都是按一定的方法来论证的。
常用的论证方法有：归纳法、推理法、对照法。
说明文常就某一个问题、某一种社会现象、某一个产品的制作过程和使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题等从不同角度来加以说明。
说明文一般有两种结构模式：①总分式：包括“总—分”“分—总”“总—分—总”等具体形式；②递进式：一层一层地剖析事理，所以事理说明文多采用这种形式。
常用空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序等去组织文章。
题型策略议论文可利用以下几种技巧：1．把握首句和首段的完整信息，从而去掌握文章的中心论点：议论文的论点一般出现在首句或首段，因此我们要认真阅读这部分内容，以便掌握文章的导向，也有利于我们对上下文的理解。
2．把握作者的观点态度：议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。
考生要去把握作者的观点，了解作者对某一事物的态度是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，通过把握作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。
3．论点和论据相互结合：一般来说，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，从而使整篇文章上下一致。
如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相悖，那么我们就要重新梳理文章，这样才能得到正确的答案。
说明文可利用以下方法：1．理清文章结构，了解文章主旨：对全文有一个清晰的概念，理清了文章的结构才能掌握文章的主旨。
2．掌握说明顺序，弄懂逻辑关系：掌握了文章是按时间、空间、逻辑或认知等的顺序去组织后，考生才能理顺逻辑关系，才能找准关键信息，才能得出正确推论。
3．明白所举事例，找准突破口：为了说明一件事情或一个道理，说明文中常使用举例的方法，明白了所举的事例，也就找到了做题的突破口。
真题导练(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this __41__ at work in people of all __42__. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __43__ with their new toys. But their __44__ soon wears off and by January those __45__ toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of __46__ stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone's __47__ interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child __48__ bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the __49__ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great __50__ but are soon looking forward to __51__. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many __52__，who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, __53__ drove for hours at a time when they first __54__ their driver's licenses (执照)? Before people retire, they usually __55__ to do a lot of __56__ things, which they never had __57__ to do while working. But __58__ after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they __59__. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new __60__.41．A.principle B．habitC．way D．power42．A.parties B．racesC．countries D．ages43．A.working B．livingC．playing D．going44．A.confidence B．interestC．anxiety D．sorrow45．A.same B．extraC．funny D．expensive46．A.well-organized B．colorfully-printedC．newly-collected D．half-filled47．A.broad B．passingC．different D．main48．A.silently B．impatientlyC．gladly D．worriedly本文是一篇议论文。
文章以小孩、青少年、成年人和一些退休的人为例，论述了人们有时难以长时间专注于一种活动。
41．根据上文“As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis.”可知，此处指的是我们能够看到这一原则起作用。
故选A。
42．根据下文列举的例子可知，这一原则适用于各个年龄阶段的人。
故选D。
43．根据常识并结合空格后的“with their new toys”可知，此处指孩子们对玩新玩具感到兴奋，动词短语play_with意为“玩弄”。
故选C。
44．根据第47空后的“interest”可知，此处指孩子们对新玩具的兴趣很快就会消退。
故选B。
45．此处指到一月份的时候，同样的那些玩具就被发现被弃置在地下室里了。
故选A。
46．根据下文的“unfinished models”可推断，此处指世界上充满了没有完成的集邮册。
故选D。
47．结合上文中的“But their __44__ soon wears off”可知，此处指的是短暂的/一时的兴趣。
故选B。
48．此处指当父母把宠物带回家的时候，他们的孩子会很高兴地为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发。
故选C。
49．此处指不久照料动物的重担就交给父母了。
burden意为“负荷/重担”，符合语境。
故选B。
50．此处指青少年刚进入高中的时候很兴奋。
故选D。
51．根据上文中的“but are soon looking forward to”的转折可知，青少年十分兴奋地进入高中，但是不久就开始盼望着毕业。
故选A。
52．根据下文“complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work”可判断，空格处指的是具有驾驶资格的成年人。
故选C。
53．根据设空后的“drove for hours at a time when they first”可推断，他们刚拿到驾照时渴望连续几个小时驾车。
故选B。
49．A.promise B．burdenC．right D．game50．A.courage B．calmnessC．confusion D．excitement51．A.graduation B．independenceC．responsibility D．success52．A.children B．studentsC．adults D．retirees53．A.carefully B．eagerlyC．nervously D．bravely54．A.required B．obtainedC．noticed D．discovered55．A.need B．learnC．start D．plan56．A.great B．strangeC．difficult D．correct57．A.time B．moneyC．skills D．knowledge58．A.only B．wellC．even D．soon59．A.lost B．choseC．left D．quit60．A.pets B．toysC．friends D．colleagues54.根据下文中的“their driver's licenses (执照)”可知，此处指的是成年人刚获得/得到他们的驾照。
故选B。
55．在退休前，人们计划做很多在工作时没时间做的事情。
故选D。
56．根据下文的“the golfing, the fishing, the reading”可知，这些都是美好的事情。
故选A。
57．此处指计划退休后做的事都是工作时没有时间做的。
故选A。
58．此处指退休后不久，他们感到打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式都和曾经的工作一样变得无聊了。
故选D。
59．这些想做的事就像他们退休时离开的那份工作一样变得索然无味了。
they left是定语从句，修饰限定the_jobs。
