06-11北京市中考-阅读CD集锦篇

CAs we know, it is not easy to build a satellite. Building a traditional normally takes years. The costs can be as high as $250 million or more. Most members of the design reams have worked in the field for a long time. They hold advanced degrees in math, science, or engineering.But things are changing. High costs, unusual educational requirements and long start-up times are no longer an obstacle to space exploration. The scientists at Stanford University have developed a new type of tiny inexpensive earth-orbiting satellites that go from ideas to launch （发射）in a year.So far, college student have built and launched several cube-shaped satellites, or CubeSats. At least 15 more are ready to go. Those already in orbit （轨道）take pictures, collect information and send it back to the earth, just as regular satellites do.But you might not even have to wait until you get to college to start designing and building your own satellite. A new program called KatySat aims to get teenagers to take part. Once kids understand what satellites can do, says Ben Yuan, an engineer at Lockheed Martin in Menlo Park, Calif, the kinds of applications they’ll come up with may be countless.“We’d like to put this technology（技术）in your hands,” he tells kids. “We’re going to teach you how to operate a satellite. Then we want to turn it over to you as a sandbox for you to play in. We want you to take the technology into new directions that we ha ven’t thought of yet.”Education isn’t the only goal of CubeSats. Because these tiny, technology-filled boxes are relatively inexpensive to build and can be put together quickly, they’re perfect for testing new technologies that might one day be used on major space tasks.Nowadays, college and high school students are getting a chance to learn what it takes to explore in space. Someday- perhaps a lot sooner than you imagine- you might get to design, build and launch your own satellite. If you do, you’re su re to have fun. And you might also get crazy about science for life.58. Compared with the traditional ones, the new satellites ____.A. need long start-up timesB. are low-cost and small-sizedC. are very hard to operateD. collect more information in orbit59. What does the underlined word “obstacle” probably mean?A. An aim to achieve in the near future.B. An imagination that kids usually have.C. Something dangerous to terrify people.D. Something difficult that stands in the way.60. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. CubeSats could possibly cause pollution in space.B. A few kids will send applications for the project.C. Scientists designed CubeSats for kids to play with.D. Students can’t design satellites without college education.61. What’s the purpose of the author writing the passage?A. To show that high technology brings a big change in kid’s life.B. To show that kids lead the space research into a new direction.C. To tell us that satellite technology can also be learned by kids.D. To tell us that kids must study hard to learn satellite technology.（C）Matt Mason has seen the future—and it’s fun. Mason likes thinking about how machines can make our lives easier by doing the work we hate, such as cleaning. He shows a hard floor cleaning system（系统）that’s built into the wall: it will blow dirt to a part of the room where it will be collected by a vacuum（吸尘器）. Then the system will drop some cleaner on the floor and an arm will mop（用拖把擦）it up. “This may trouble you,” says Kara, an expert in Mason’s company. “But you can program it to come on at 3 a. m., and it will just wet-mop the floor for you.”When it comes to the kitchen, Bruce Beihoff, another expert at Whirlpool, is sure that in a few years, robots w ill be doing most of the boring work, freeing us to relax. “More than just fun, future kitchens will be environmentally friendly,” he says. “A new system will be built in the house which can recycle energy（能量）lost from your kitchen to make the whole home warm.”“The fridge will be the center of the home,” says Daniel Lee, a market expert. The fridge will have a touch screen （触摸屏幕）where you can watch TV, surf the Internet, check your e-mail, keep a shopping list and order vegetables. “Your fridge is the first place you go in the morning and the last place at night,” says Lee.Ever wonder why a 1.9-meter man and a 1.6-meter woman have to cook meals on counters（工作台）of the same height. “The height was decided ov er 50 years ago, according to the height of ordinary women,” says Jane Langmuir, an expert of cooking machines. “But times have changed. We have made a new counter where you press a button and it moves to whatever height you want.” At the same time, Ted Selker at MIT’s Counter lab has made the Dishmaker which lets you make dishes and bowls out of plastics at home. After each meal, the dishes are changed straight back into plastics.57. How many inventions are mentioned in the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.58. In future, if you want to clean your house, you will _________.A. have a recycling system built in the wallB. get up early to start your cleaning systemC. use your fridge to give orders to a cleanerD. leave the work to a kind of cleaning machine59. What is future kitchen work like?A. Terrific and relaxing.B. Easy and interesting.C. Enjoyable and exciting.D. Funny and amazing.60. From the passage, we know _________.A. people will have more and more time enjoying themselvesB. future kitchens can provide all the energy for our life every dayC. the fridge can be found in the center of a future houseD. people must be expert at computers to use these inventions2008年北京市中考C.Each year Ben is glad when school is closed on Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Ben knows that this day honors(纪念) an important man, but Ben does not feel concerned(与…有关) to him. However, the small-world theory(理论) connects Ben to Dr. King. Ben’s mom (0) has a close friend, Amy(1). Amy’s uncle, Mark(2), once met and spoke to John Carter(3), the son of President Jimmy Carter(4). Jimmy Carter knew Dr. King(5). In this way, Ben is only “five people away”from Martin Luther King Jr.The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected(联系) through a short chain(链条) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree(等级) is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly(直接地). This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom. There is one degree of separation when just one person separates someone from a person he or she does not know. Ben knows his mom, but he hasn’t her close friend Amy. Therefore, Ben is one degree away from Amy. As the chain continues, Amy’s uncle, Mark, is two degrees. John Carter is three degrees and his father is four degrees. Dr. King is five degrees away from Ben. The theory says that there are no more than six degrees of separation between any two people in the world.The small-world theory has a lot to do with math. The theory assumes(假定) each person knows 100 people. Each one of those 100 people knows 50 different people. Each of those 50 people knows another 50 people and so on. When someone continues the calculation(计算) to six degree, it is like this: 100×50×50×50×50×50=31.25×109 . This number is greater than 31 billion (a billon is a thousand million). There are over 6 billion people in the world. There numbers show it is possible that six degrees of separation could include everyone in the world.Does the small-world theory work? No one has ever proved it. Maybe the theory just invites people to think a little more about their places in the world.( ) 52. Ben is two degrees away from ____________.A. Jimmy CarterB. John CarterC. AmyD. Mark( ) 53. What is the meaning of “degrees of separation” in Paragraph 2?A. The chain to connect people.B. The relations(关系) between people.C. The steps of knowing strangers(陌生人).D. The separation between strangers. ( ) 54. What is the small-world theory mainly about?A. How far Ben is away from Dr. King.B. How many people one can get to know.C. How people are connected in the world.D. How the degrees of separation are set up.( ) 55. We can learn from the article that __________.A. the small-world theory worksB. more research is needed to prove the theoryC. six degrees are needed to know the strangersD. the writer’s purpose is to help people find out their places2009年北京市中考CIt’s 2009. You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what you’ve been thinking about lately. When you leave，she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to practice daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness.Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system(神经系统). Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body.Stress(压力，紧张) is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life. Of course, everybody has stress more or less; nobody’s life is perfect. In fact, stress is necessary. Without stress, we would never learn anything or grow or change. We would probably be bored to death. But too much stress can hurt you. It can weaken your body’s protection so that you are more likely to catch diseases. It can even make you more likely to have an accident.When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline(肾上腺素). Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heartbeat. Today you have a different kind of stress. Problems like endless homework or troubles with your family are the kind of things you can’t fight or run away from, so you don’t use up all that adrenaline. It just stays bottled up inside you, and that’s what can do something bad to you.What can you do about stress? First, you can try to find ways to change things so you aren’t under so much stress. You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.The link(关联) between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. It’s important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day. Another thing that you can do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, you give your body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline. Of course, a person who isn’t used to much physical activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before staring any exercise programs.55. A psychologist is a person who may help you with your ______.A. illness and abilitiesB. thoughts and behaviourC. mind and nervous systemD. physical activity and daily exercise56. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. You shouldn’t go to the gym if you are under stress.B. One can do his homework to burn up adrenaline.C. Diseases and accidents are caused by stress.D. Everyone needs stress to improve himself.57. From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that ________.A. it’s difficult to change a stressful situationB. it’s not stressful when a good change takes placeC. a big change will cause another stressful situationD. a stressful situation can’t be changed without any effort58. What is probably the best title for this passage?A. The body-Brain LinkB. The Causes of StressC. The Advice on HealthD. The Nervous System2010年北京市中考CMany textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:★ 1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.★ 2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly.★ 3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.★ 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said.★ 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words.★ 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ides together.The stops sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one.54. The underlined phrase “run into” means ___________.A. work outB. come acrossC. look intoD. pass by55. From the passage, we can know _________.A. we should look up new words before readingB. it is sometimes difficult to read a science passageC. the six steps are helpful in learning spoken EnglishD. interesting stories help readers to improve their English56. The massage is mainly about _________.A. steps of studying scienceB. difficulties in reading scienceC. ways of reading science passagesD. researches on science and EnglishDIn the West, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was bor. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences one’s personality. In the past century, a new belief ahs arisen: the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.The blood-type personality theory(理论) started in Japan in 1927 when Furukawa Takehi noticed personality similarities and differences among his workers. This idea soon went out of fashion, but was brought back by a Japanese television host named Toshitaka Nomi in the 1970s. The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries. Some young Koreans have taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection. Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition(迷信). Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality. Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.57. The writer uses blood type A and O as an example to explain ________.A. the difference between to two blood typesB. the relationship between the two blood typesC. the influence of blood type on one’s behaviorD. the connection between personality and blood type58. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?A. It was lightly believed.B. It was brought to them.C. They liked and accepted it.D. They stole the idea from others59. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Most scientists in Asia don’t believe in the theory.B. The blood-type theory began in Japan in the 1970s.C. The blood-type personality theory is about blood type.D. People don’t change their personality to match the theory.60. What is the best title for the passage?A. Is the blood-type theory poplar?B. Is the personality changeable?C. Is it in your blood?D. Is it in you mind?2011年北京市中考CWhat do you do if you’re stranded(处于困境的) on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention a passing plane.Body signals (信号)Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line, it means “yes”. When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means “no”. if you want the polite to know that it’s safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend (弯曲) your knees. If you want to say that it’s not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side.Smoke signalsThe smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so it’s a good way to draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isn’t hard to start a fire. Remember, however, that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a fire unless you’re sure that it can’t spread. If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.Ground-to-air signalsIt’s a good idea to build some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols(标记). If you can’t find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are:F “I need food and water.”II “I need medicine.”I “I am badly hurt.”X “I am unable to move from here.Pilots’ repliesIf the pilot lowers the plane’s wings from side to side, this means “message received and understood”. (At night, the pilot flashes the plane’s green lights.) If the pilot flies the plane in a clockwise circle, this means “message received but not understood”. (At night, the pilot flashes the plane’s red lights.)However, there is no signal which means “message not received”. Why not?54. Which picture means “it’s not safe to land”?55.What can we learn from the passage?A. Swinging your arm from side to side means “yes”.B. If the ground is dark, light smoke can’t be seen.C. If you need some medicine, make a symbol “II”.D. The pilots make replies with a blue light at night.56. What is the passage mainly about?A. The explanation of building signals on an island.B. The importance of making signals on an island.C. Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.D. Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.DMy summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2 go 2 NY2C my bro, his GF&thr 3 :-@ kids FTF. ILNY, its gr8.Can you understand this sentence? If you can’t, don’t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet of cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the “translation”of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it’s great.Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming(破坏) the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students’ writing. They fear the language could become corrupted(面目全非的).Everyone should just relax, say linguists(语言学家). They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internetcreate a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. “People get better at writing by writing,” he says. “Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today’s teenagers become tomorrow’s parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”; they simply change to meet the new needs.However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, “I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it’s important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.”Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, “I wouldn’t use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun.”57. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?A. To give an example of a foreign language.B. To show an example of creative methods.C. To express worries about using Netspeak.D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak.58. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Cynthia McVey points out teenagers can deal with Netspeak properly.B. Geoffrey Nunberg believes Netspeakers can write Standard English.C. David Crystal thinks Netspeak helps develop the habit of writing.D. James Milroy says that language is changing and improving.59. The expression “bet your bottom dollar” in Paragraph 5 means __________.A. Be fairly sureB. be greatly surprisedC. think it a pityD. find it interesting60. What can be the best title fro the passage?A. Netspeak: A Widely-Used Language on InternetB. Is Netspeak Harming the English Language?C. Is Netspeak Helpful in the English Language?D. Netspeak: Advantages and Disadvantages。