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Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Unit 4 Astrn: the siene f the starsgraarTeahing gals1 Target languagea重点词汇和短语suffer, settle , realize , rr abut , have gt t, tie upb重点句子：He as ver disappintedhat it as t bee as a sterT save ne, u ust use as fe rds as pssiblePratise taling abut prbles in stud r lifeprble is… The diffiult is… truble is…The questin is… advie is… hat I thin abut it is…The fat is… suggestin is…2 Abilit galsLearn t use Nun lauses as the subet3 Learning abilit galsLet Ss learn h t use Nun lauses as the subetTeahing iprtant pintsthe use f Nun lauses as the subetTeahing diffiult pintsH t teah the Ss t learn t use Nun lauses as the subetTeahing ethdsLearn graar thrugh pratieTeahing aidsputerTeahing preduresStep 1 Revisin1he retelling f the passageThe explsin f the earth prdued ater vapr, hih turned int ater hen the earth led dn ater alled the earth t disslve harful gases int the eans and seas That ade it pssible fr life t begin t develp The arrival f sall plants enuraged the develpent f earl shellfish and all srts f fish an illins f ears later the first green plants began t appear n land Later land anials appeared Se ere insets thers, alled aphibians, ere able t live n land as ell as in the sea hen the plants gre int frests, reptiles appeared fr the first tie Later, dinsaurs develped The beae the st iprtant anials n the earth fr illins f ears After the disappeared, aals beae re iprtant The ere the last grup f anials and the ere different beause the prdued their ung fr ithin their bdies Sall lever anials, ith hands and feet, appeared and spread all ver the earth As tie ent b, the vered the earth and have bee the st iprtant anials n the planet2Translate the flling sentenes1你迟早会成功的。
人类登月知识点总结1. 人类登月的历史背景人类登月的历史可以追溯到20世纪50年代末和60年代初，当时美苏两国正处在冷战的最高峰，宇宙竞赛成为两国争夺国际领导权的重要手段。
1957年10月4日，苏联成功发射了世界上第一颗人造卫星——斯普特尼克1号，这标志着苏联在太空竞赛中占据了领先地位。
作为回应，美国开始了自己的太空计划，并于1961年5月25日宣布了“将美国人送上月球并安全返回地球”的宏伟计划，这就是著名的阿波罗计划。
2. 阿波罗计划的实施阿波罗计划是美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的一项重要计划，旨在实现人类登月的壮举。
这个计划起初备受诟病，认为是一场以浪费纳税人钱财为代价的政治秀。
然而，在经历了若干次的失败和挫折之后，阿波罗计划终于在1969年成功实现了人类登月的目标，成为美国空间探索史上最令人瞩目的壮举之一。
3. 人类登月的重要意义人类登月的重要意义不仅在于技术上的突破，更在于这一事件对人类社会、文化和历史的深远影响。
首先，人类登月证明了人类的科学技术水平已经足够成熟，能够实现在地球之外的空间中生存和活动的可能性。
其次，人类登月也成为了一种具有鼓舞意义的象征，激励着人类不断追求未知、挑战自我，勇往直前。
最后，人类登月成为了一次超越国界、种族、宗教的集体行动，向全世界宣告了人类团结一致的力量。
4. 人类登月的科学意义人类登月不仅是一次技术上的突破，更是一次科学上的探索。
在月球上，登月宇航员们开展了大量的科学实验和研究活动，例如收集月球表面的岩石和土壤样本，观测月球自然环境和地质构造等。
这些科学活动不仅为人类对月球的认识提供了丰富的数据和资料，也为人类对太空的探索和利用奠定了坚实基础。
5. 人类登月的影响人类登月对人类社会和文化产生了深远的影响。
首先，人类登月使人们对太空的探索和利用产生了极大的兴趣和热情，推动了人类太空探索的不断发展。
其次，人类登月也成为了一种强烈的民族自豪感和自信心的象征，为美国在世界上的地位和影响力带来了显著提升。
Unit 4 Astronomy ：the science of the stars ——天文学：恒星科学1. exist vi. 存在，生存①Several people believe the Devil exists in the world. 少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。
②She existed only on milk. 她只靠牛奶生存。
③This new country came into existence in 1951. 这个新国家于1951年成立。
④There exists a lake on the top of the mountain. 山顶上有一个湖。
[运用提升]________a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.A. It existedB. There existedC. There hadD. It had2. puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难①Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什么这样做对我来说仍是个谜。
②I've been sitting here puzzling about what to do. 我一直坐在这里苦苦思索该怎么办。
③Mary read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face. 玛丽读信时面带困惑的表情She managed to ________ the meaning of that long sentence.A ．puzzleB ．figureC ．puzzle outD ．figure to3. pull n. & vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力[归纳拓展]pull apart 拆散；拆开 pull away (汽车等)开走 pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out 驶出；退出 pull through 康复；痊愈 ① They are pulling_down_those_houses to make room for a new hotel.\为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars人类对太空的探索从未停止过。
你知道第一个遨游太空的人和第一个登陆月球的人都是谁吗？让我们一起来了解一下吧！Who Was the First Person in Space?Growing up in today’s world, it can be hard to imaginea time when outer space was a true mystery. You already knowmen have walked on the Moon. The International Space Stationorbits(绕轨道飞行) Earth and sends back all sorts ofinformation.Way back in the day, though, outer space was an unexplored frontier(领域). The people of Earth could only look up at the sky and wonder about what was up there.All that changed on April 12, 1961. That day, Russian cosmonaut(宇航员) Yuri Gagarin became the first human being in space. In the Russian Vostok 1 spacecraft, he made hi s historic 108minute orbit around Earth—a place no man had gone before.Gagarin’s achievement set off a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union known as the “space race”. For example, Alan Shepard became the first American in space less than a month after Gagarin. On July 21, 1969, American Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon as part of the Apollo 11 mission(任务)．Gagarin and Armstrong’s groundbreaking space travels paved the way for what was to come. From space shuttle flights to manned space stations orbiting Earth,we now know much more about the world beyond Earth’s atmosphere than would have ever been possible without these pioneers!Today, scientists are more willing to use modern technology to explore the outer reaches of space. Would you like to be on the cutting edge(前沿) of future astronomical discoveries? If so, you might want to work in a field such as science, technology, engineering or mathematics. You never know when your name might be attached to the next spacecraft that explores beyond Mars into the outer reaches of our solar system!Section ⅠWarming Up & Reading—Comprehending重点单词写作词汇1.system n. 系统；体系；制度2.theory n. 学说；理论3.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛4.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的5.multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加拓展词汇6.harmful adj.有害的→harm n．伤害；危害vt.对……有害7.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力；(感情)强烈→violently adv.猛烈地；凶狠地8.puzzle n．谜；难题vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的9.unlike prep.与……不同；不像→like(反义词)prep.像→dislike v．& n．不喜欢(的东西)10.globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的11.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存12.religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的阅读词汇13.astronomy n. 天文学14.astronomer n. 天文学家15.billion pron.& n．& adj. 〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿16.carbon n. 碳17.dioxide n. 二氧化物18.chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链重点短语1.in time 及时；终于y eggs 下蛋3.in one’s turn 轮到某人4.give birth to 产生；分娩5.prevent...from 阻止；制止6.cool down 冷却下来；变凉重点句型1.“be＋不定式”结构：What it was to become(会变成) was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2.make＋宾语＋宾补：This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop(使生命发展成为可能).3.whether引导主语从句：So whether life will continue on the earth(生命能否继续在地球上存在) for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.ⅠFastreadingSkim the text and do the following exercises.1．Match the main idea of each paragraph.Para. 1 A．The formation of the earth.Para. 2 B．A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe. Para. 3 C．The development of plants and animals on the earth.Para. 4 D．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para. 5 E．The importance of water for life.答案：BAECD2．What does the passage tell us?A．The importance of water.B．How the life began on the earth.C．How human beings appeared.D．How plants appeared.答案：BⅡCarefulreadingRead the text carefully and then choose the best answer.1．Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?A．The earth had a solid shape.B．The earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.C．The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.D．The earth was neither too hot nor too cold.2．Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?A．Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.B．Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.C．Animals could hide from hunters in the forest.D．It was easier for plants to grow.3．Why did dinosaurs disappear 65 million years ago?A．Because the earth was too hot for them to live on.B．Because there was no food for them to eat.C．Because the earth exploded at that time.D．It still remains a mystery for us.4．What problem is caused by human beings?A．They exist everywhere on the earth.B．They cause global warming.C．They find new methods of growing crops.D．They enjoy hunting and fishing.答案：1－4.CBDBⅢStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the passage.1．However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.本句是一个复合句。
Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the stars(warming up and reading) Goals1.to enable the students to talk about Astronomy and origin of life on earth.2.to improve the students’ reading ablities of scanning and skimming-Lead-in questions to the topic of this unit1. In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun What are their names?2.Do you know any questions that astronomers are interested in?Pre-reading1.The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. What do you know about it?2.There are several ideas about the origin of life on earth and the idea in our passage is only one of them .ReadingI. Read the passage carefully and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para. 1 The formation(形成) of the earth.Para. 2 The importance of water for life.Para. 3 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe. Para. 4 The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para. 5 The development of plants and animals on the earth.1.What are the three fundamental elements forus human beings to survive on the earth?Why was the earth different from other planets?3.Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon?4.Why did green plants help life to develop?5.There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it?6.What problem is caused by human beings?Post-readingWork in groups and discuss what impact human beings have on earth.,such as global warming.and get them to talk about the causes of global warming.Unit4 language pointsGoals1.to master the following words and expressions:in time;unlike;multiply;inturn;prevent…from;exist;puzzle;atmosphere; now that.2.to enable the students to analyse and understand complex sentences especiallynoun clauses观察in time的用法并总结They were in time to produce the water..( ).I’ll see him in time.( )She will be back in time to prepare dinner.( )与time相关的短语:in no time( ) at times( ) at a time ( ) once upon a time ( )on time ( ) at one time ( ) for the time being from time to time ( )at no time ( )阅读下面句子, 注意prevent ... from的意思和用法。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsWill the continents join again in the far future?In the beginning，more than 4.6 billion years ago，the world was a ball of burning gas，going round and round through space.At first，hot gases were able to escape into outer space，but as the Earth cooled，they were held by gravity to form the early atmosphere.Clouds began to develop as water vapour collected in the air.And then it began to pour with rain，causing the early oceans to rise up.It took hundreds of millions of years for the first land masses to appear.About 250 million years ago，long，long after the Earth had formed，all the continents of the time had joined together to form a supercontinent called Pangaea.This supercontinent broke up about 200 million year s ago to form two giant continents，Gondwana and Laurasia.Gondwana was made up of what is now Africa，South America，Australia，Antarctica and India.The Indian subcontinent lay off the east coast of Africa，before it broke off and moved north rapidly.It collided with Asia，creating one of the world’s greatest mountain ranges，which extends for more than2,400 kilometers—the Himalayas.By now，our world had started to look like something we would recognize.The amazing process of plate tectonics(板块构造)，in which the Earth’s land masses move slowly across the Earth’s crust(外壳)，is still continuing.Far in the future，some scientists have predicted that the present continents will join again，to form a new supercontinent.Only time will tell...Notes1.Pangaea n.[海洋]泛大陆；盘古大陆2.giant adj.巨大的3.collide vi.碰撞，相撞Task判断正(T)误(F)1.The early oceans appeared because of the rain which developed from hot gases.(T)2.Pangaea was made up of what is now Africa，South America，Australia，Antarctica and India.(F)3.Only time will tell whether the present continents will join again.(T)Period One Warming Up，Prereading & ReadingⅠ.单词检测1.astronomy n.天文学2.system n.系统；体系；制度3.religion n.宗教；宗教信仰4.theory n.学说；理论5.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的6.atmosphere n.大气层；气氛7.unlike prep.与……不同；不像8.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的9.harmful adj.有害的10.chain n.链子；连锁；锁链11.multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加12.exist vi.生存；存在13.thus adv.因此；于是14.puzzle n.迷；难题；vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难Ⅱ.短语检测1.solar system 太阳系2.in time及时；终于3.all sorts of各种各样的y eggs下蛋5.give birth to产生；分娩6.in one’s turn轮到某人7.prevent...from 阻止；制止Ⅰ.阅读课文，匹配各段落大意Para.1(C) A.The formation(形成) of the earth.Para.2(A) B.The importance of water for life.Para.3(B) C.A widely accepted theory about theformation of the universe.Para.4(E) D.The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para.5(D) E.The development of plants and animals on the earth.Ⅱ.阅读课文，判断正(T)误(F)1.It was not until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago that people knew what the earth was to become.(T)2.Water began to appear on the surface of the earth before gases were produced.(F)3.The global warming will have a great effect on human beings.(T)Ⅲ.课文阅读理解1.What began to appear on the earth’s surface when it cooled down?A.Water.B.Gases.C.Acids.答案 A2.From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is .A.confidentB.sadC.concerned答案 C3.What does the word “they〞in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and...〞refer to?A.Planets.B.Fire and rock.C.Gases.答案 B4.Which is the right order of the development of life?A.Small clever animals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.B.Shellfish→dinosaurs→small clever animals→mammals.C.Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→small cl ever animals.答案 C5.Why were mammals different from other life forms?A.Because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.B.Because they produced young generally by laying eggs.C.Because they were able to live on land as well as in the water.答案 AⅣ.阅读课文，完成框架图Ⅴ.难句分析1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.句式分析：这是一个复合句。
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsI 教学内容分析本单元的中心话题是“天文学〞。
本单元的两篇文章都采用了表达性文体。
第一篇阅读短文按照时间顺序主要表达了地球上生命的起源和发展过程。
第二篇阅读短文中作者用第一人称的口吻讲述了他和朋友的登月经历。
可以说本单元科学知识含量较高，更能激发学生的学习兴趣和好奇心。
Warming Up 部分共有两个问题,第一个问题让学生说出八大行星并看图指出各个行星的名称；第二个问题让学生说出自己对天文学哪些方面感兴趣以及天文学家所关注的方面。
在高考的重压之下，同学们都想能利用科学的学习方法做到事半功倍而且很多学生也一直做着将来能成为科学家的梦。
所以，该话题会让学生们兴趣盎然，积极思考和讨论此方面的内容，从而达到热身的目的。
Pre-reading部分也提出了三个问题，主要是让学生区分某某信仰、文化传统和科学思想之间的不同。
可以以讲故事的方式让学生彼此之间分享一些有关宇宙和地球起源方面的传说或故事，这样既能激活他们的思维也能为阅读部分打下基础。
Reading部分描写了地球上生命的起源和发展过程，具体写了由于水的形成才使得地球上生命的诞生成为可能。
科学家认为，地球上的生命最初诞生于水中。
数万年后，陆地上才长出了绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。
最初的动物靠孵化繁衍后代，再之后诞生了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。
文章最后讲述的现象发人深省：The earth may bee too hot for the lives on it.它关系到地球上生命的未来。
prehending部分通过五个练习题检测学生对本文核心内容的理解。
练习1是对文章结构的分析以及大意的概括；练习2通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程；练习3提出5个小问题，考查学生的深层理解和推断能力；练习4让学生找出文章中出现的连接词，检查学生对文章中句型的熟悉和理解程度，同时还有助于学生在写作方面得到提高；练习5让学生选择一个问题进行回答并向全班汇报，开拓学生的思维并锻炼他们的语言表达能力。
