商用车ECER29法规通过性分析研究

GE.11-E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.23Regulation No. 29Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the protection of the occupants of the cab of a commercial vehicleContentsPage1. Scope ................................................................................................................................................ 4 2. Definitions........................................................................................................................................ 4 3. Application for approval.................................................................................................................. 5 4. Approval ........................................................................................................................................... 5 5. Requirements.................................................................................................................................... 6 6. Modifications and extension of the approval of the vehicle type..................................................... 7 7. Conformity of production................................................................................................................. 7 8. Penalties for non-conformity of production..................................................................................... 7 9. Production definitely discontinued................................................................................................... 8 10. Transitional provisions (8)11. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and ofType Approval Authorities ..............................................................................................................9Annexes 1 ECE Type-approval documentation................................................................................................. 10 Part 1 – Model information document.............................................................................................. 10 Part 2 – Communication................................................................................................................... 12 2 Arrangements of approval marks..................................................................................................... 13 3 Test procedure.................................................................................................................................. 14 Appendix 1: Instructions for securing vehicles to the test bed......................................................... 18 Appendix 2: Manikin to be used to verify the survival space. (21)4 Procedure for determining the "H" point and the actual torso angle for seating positions in motor vehicles.................................................................................................................................. 23 Appendix 1: Description of the three-dimensional H point machine (3-D H machine)................... 24 Appendix 2: Three dimensional reference system (25)5Reference data concerning seating positions....................................................................................26E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.241. ScopeThis Regulation applies to vehicles with separate driver’s cab of category N1with regard to the protection of the occupants of the cab.2. DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Regulation:2.1. "Approval of a vehicle" means the approval of a vehicle type pursuant to therequirements of this Regulation, with regard to the protection of theoccupants of the cab of a vehicle in the event of head-on impact or ofoverturning.2.2. "Vehicle type" means a category of motor vehicle which does not differ insuch essential respects as:2.2.1. The dimensions, shapes and materials of the components of the vehicle cab;or2.2.2. The manner of attachment of the cab to the chassis frame;2.3. "Transverse plane" means a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinalplane of the vehicle;2.4. "Longitudinal plane" means a plane parallel to the median longitudinal planeof the vehicle;2.5. "Cab-over engine vehicle" means a vehicle where more than half of theengine length is rearward of the foremost point of the windshield base andthe steering wheel hub is in the forward quarter of the vehicle length.2.6. "R point" means the seating reference point as defined in Annex 4,paragraph 2.4.2.7. "H-point" means the point defined in Annex 4, paragraph 2.3.2.8. "Test A" means a frontal impact test intended to evaluate the resistance of acab in frontal impact accident.2.9. "Test B" means an impact test to the A-pillars of the cab intended to evaluatethe resistance of a cab in a 90° rollover accident with subsequent impact.2.10. "Test C" means a cab roof strength test intended to evaluate the resistance ofa cab in a 180° rollover accident.2.11. "A-pillar" means the foremost and outermost roof support.2.12. "Windscreen" means the frontal glazing of the vehicle situated between theA-pillars.1As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.), documentECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2, para. 2E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2 3. Application for approval3.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to the protection ofthe occupants of the cab of a vehicle shall be submitted by the vehiclemanufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.3.2.It shall be accompanied by drawings of the vehicle, showing the position ofthe cab on the vehicle and the manner of its attachment, and by sufficientlydetailed drawings relating to the structure of the cab, all the said drawingsbeing submitted in triplicate. A model for the information document relatingto the construction features is given in Annex 1, Part 1.4. Approval4.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meetsthe requirements of paragraph 5 hereof, approval of that vehicle type shall begranted.4.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first twodigits (at present 03 corresponding to the 03 series of amendments) shallindicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent majortechnical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of theapproval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number toanother vehicle type within the meaning of paragraph 2.2 above.4.3. Notice of approval or of extension or of refusal or of withdrawal of approvalor production definitely discontinued of a vehicle type pursuant to thisRegulation shall be communicated by the Parties to the Agreement whichapply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in annex 1to this Regulation.4.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible placespecified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle typeapproved under this Regulation, an international approval mark consisting of:4.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number ofthe country which has granted the approval2 and4.4.2. the number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and theapproval number, to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.;4.5. If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more otherRegulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has grantedapproval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.need not be repeated; in such a case the additional numbers and symbols ofall the Regulations under which approval has been granted in the countrywhich has granted approval under this Regulation shall be placed in verticalcolumns to the right of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.4.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.4.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate.2The distinguish numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproducedin Annex 3 to Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3),document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2.5E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.264.8. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approvalmarks.5. Requirements5.1. General requirements5.1.1. The cab of the vehicle shall be so designed and so attached to the vehicle asto eliminate to the greatest possible extent the risk of injury to the occupantsin the event of an accident.5.1.2. Vehicles of categories N1 and vehicles of categories N2 with a gross vehiclemass not exceeding 7.5 t shall be subjected to the tests A and C, as describedin Annex 3, paragraphs 5. and 7..However a vehicle type which has been approved according toRegulation No. 33 or to Regulation No. 94 may be considered to havesatisfied the requirements on frontal impact (test A).5.1.3. Vehicles of categories N3 and vehicles of categories N2 with a gross vehiclemass exceeding 7.5 t shall be subjected to the tests A, B, and C, as describedin Annex 3, paragraphs 5., 6. and 7..5.1.4. Test A (frontal impact) shall only be conducted on Cab-over-Engine vehicles.5.1.5. One, two or three cabs, at the manufacturer’s choice, may be used for thepurpose of demonstrating compliance with paragraphs 5.1.2. or 5.1.3. above.However both phases in test C, if applicable, shall be conducted on thesame cab.5.1.6. None of the tests A, B, C, need be carried out if the manufacturer can showby computer simulation or calculations of the strength of the component partsof the cab or by other means to the satisfaction of the Technical Service thatthe cab will not undergo deformation dangerous to the occupants (penetrationinto the survival space) if subjected to the conditions of the tests.5.2. Survival space required after the test or tests5.2.1. After undergoing each of the tests referred to in paragraphs 5.1.2. or 5.1.3.,the cab of the vehicle shall exhibit a survival space allowing accommodationof the manikin defined in Annex 3, Appendix 2, on the seat, when the latter isin its median position, without contact between the test manikin and non-resilient parts with a Shore-Hardness of 50 or more. No account shall betaken of non-resilient parts which can be moved away without any tools fromthe test manikin by using a force of less than 100 N. To facilitate installation,the manikin may be inserted in dismantled form and assembled in the cab.For this purpose, the seat shall be adjusted to its most rearward position andthe manikin completely assembled and so placed that its H point coincideswith the R point. The seat shall then be moved forward to its median positionfor the assessment of the survival space. As an alternative to the test manikindefined in Annex 3, Appendix 2, a fiftieth percentile Hybrid II or III maledummy, with or without measuring instrumentation, the description of whichis given in Regulation No. 94, may be used.5.2.2. The space so defined shall be verified for every seat provided by themanufacturer.E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.275.3. Other conditions5.3.1.During the tests the components by which the cab is secured to the chassis frame may be distorted or broken, provided that the cab remains attached to the chassis frame.5.3.2.None of the doors shall open during the tests, but the doors shall not be required to open after testing.6.Modification and extension of approval of thevehicle type6.1. Every modification of the vehicle type shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority which approved the vehicle type. The department may then either: 6.1.1.Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect, and that in any case the vehicle still complies with the requirements;6.1.2. Or require a further test report from the Technical Service responsible for conducting the tests.6.2.Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.3. above to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation.6.3.The competent authority issuing an extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.7.Conformity of productionThe conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in the Agreement, Appendix 2 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2), with the following requirements:7.1.A vehicle approved pursuant to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements of paragraph 5. above.7.2.The Competent Authority which has granted approval may at any time verify the conformity of control methods applicable to each production unit. The normal frequency of such inspections shall be once every two years.8.Penalties for non-conformity of production8.1.The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type, pursuant to this Regulation, may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in paragraph 7.1. above is not complied with.8.2.If a Party to the Agreement which applies this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.289. Production definitely discontinuedIf the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type ofvehicle approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform theauthority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevantcommunication, that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties tothe 1958 Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of acommunication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.10. Transitional provisions10.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments,no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant ECEapproval under this Regulation as amended by the 02 series of amendments.10.2. As from 1 October 2002 Contracting Party applying this Regulation shallgrant ECE approvals only if the requirements of this Regulation, as amendedby the 02 series of amendments are satisfied.10.3. As from 1 October 2006 Contracting Party applying this Regulation mayrefuse to recognize approvals which were not granted in accordance withthe 02 series of amendments to this Regulation.10.4. As from the official date of entry into force of the 03 series of amendments,no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant ECEapproval under this Regulation as amended by the 03 series of amendments.10.5. As from 72 months after the date of entry into force of the 03 series ofamendments Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant ECEapproval under this Regulation to the new types of cabs only if therequirements of this Regulation, as amended by the 03 series of amendments,are satisfied.10.6. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not refuse to grantextensions of approval to the preceding series of amendments to thisRegulation.10.7. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to grant approvalsto those types of vehicles which comply with the requirements of thisRegulation as amended by the preceding series of amendments duringthe 72 months’ period which follows the date of entry into force of the 03series of amendments.10.8. No Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse national orregional type approval of a vehicle type approved to the 03 series ofamendments to this Regulation.10.9. Even after the entry into force of the 03 series of amendments to thisRegulation, approvals of the vehicles to the preceding series of amendmentsto this Regulation shall remain valid and Contracting Parties applying thisRegulation shall continue to accept them.E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2911.Names and addresses of Technical Servicesresponsible for conducting approval tests and ofType Approval AuthoritiesThe Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation shall communicate to the Secretariat of the United Nations the names and addresses of the Technical Services conducting approval tests, and of the Type Approval Authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension, or refusal or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.E/ECE/324/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.1/Add.28/Rev.2 Annex 1 - Part 110Annex 1 - ECE type-approval documentation Part 1 - Model information documentPursuant to Regulation No. 29 relating to type-approval of the cabThe following information, if applicable, must be supplied in triplicate and include a list of contents. Any drawings must be supplied in appropriate scale and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if any, must show sufficient detail.1. General ................................................................................................................................. 1.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer): .................................................................................... 1.2. Type: .................................................................................................................................... 1.3.Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle: ................................................... 1.3.3. Location of that marking: ..................................................................................................... 1.4. Category of vehicle 1: ............................................................................................................ 1.5. Name and address of manufacturer: ..................................................................................... 1.6. Address(es) of assembly plant(s): ........................................................................................ 2. General Construction Characteristics of the Vehicle ........................................................... 2.1. Photographs and/or drawings of a representative vehicle: ................................................... 2.2. Dimensional drawing of the whole vehicle: ......................................................................... 2.3. Number of axles and wheels: ............................................................................................... 2.6. Position and arrangement of the engine: .............................................................................. 2.7. Driving cab (cab-over-engine or bonnet)2 ............................................................................ 2.8. Hand of drive: ...................................................................................................................... 3. Masses and Dimensions (in kg and mm) (refer to drawing where applicable) .................... 3.1. Technically permissible maximum laden mass stated by the manufacturer: ....................... 3.2. Technical permissible maximum mass for the front axle or axles of the vehicle: ............... 4. Cab .......................................................................................................................................4.1.Type of cab: (normal/sleeper/top-sleeper)3: .........................................................................1As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2, para. 22Cab-over-engine means a configuration in which more than half of the engine length is rearward of the foremost point of the windshield base and the steering wheel hub in the forward quarter of the vehicle length.3Delete where not applicable (there are cases where nothing needs to be deleted when more than one entry is applicable).Annex 1 - Part 14.2. Materials used and methods of construction: .......................................................................4.3. Door configuration and number of doors: ............................................................................4.4. Drawings of door latches and retention components and their position in the doors: ..........4.5. Number of seats: ..................................................................................................................4.6. R-points: ...............................................................................................................................4.7. Detailed description of the cab of the vehicle type including its dimensions, configurationand constituent materials and its attachment to any chassis frame: .....................................4.8. Drawings of the cab and those parts of its interior arrangement which have an influenceon the residual space: ...........................................................................................................5. Steering ................................................................................................................................5.1. Schematic diagram(s) of the steering control(s): .................................................................5.2. Range and method of adjustment (if any), of the steering control: ......................................11Annex 1 - Part 212Annex 1 - Part 2Communication(maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm)concerning 2: APPROVAL GRANTED APPROVAL EXTENDED APPROVAL REFUSED APPROVAL WITHDRAWNPRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUEDof a vehicle type with regard to protection of the occupants of the cab of a vehicle pursuant to Regulation No. 29. Approval No: ....................Extension No: .........................1. Trade name or mark of the vehicle: .................................................................................2. Vehicle type: ....................................................................................................................3. Manufacturer’s name and address: ...................................................................................4. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer’s representative: ..................................5. Brief description of the cab’s design and method of attachment: ....................................6. Vehicle submitted for approval on:...................................................................................7. Technical Service responsible for conducting approval tests: .........................................8. Date of report issued by that service: ...............................................................................9. Number of report issued by that service: ......................................................................... 10. Approval granted/refused/extended/withdrawn 2 .............................................................. 11. Position of approval mark on the vehicle:......................................................................... 12. Place: ................................................................................................................................ 13. Date: ................................................................................................................................. 14.Signature: .........................................................................................................................The list of documents deposited with the Type Approval Authority which has granted approval is annexed to this communication and may be obtained on request.1 Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused or withdrawn approval.2Strike out what does not apply.issued by:Name of administration: ...................................... ...................................... ......................................Annex 213Annex 2Arrangements of approval marksModel A(See paragraph 4.4. of this Regulation)The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows the vehicle type concerned has with regard to the protection of the occupants of the cab of a commercial vehicle, been approved in the Netherlands (E 4), under the number 03249. The first two digits of the approval number indicate the Regulation No. 29 already included the 03 series of amendments when the approval was given. Model BThe above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulations Nos. 29 and 241 (In the case of the latter Regulation the corrected absorption coefficient is 1.30 m -1. The approval numbers indicate that on the dates on which these approvals were granted, Regulations Nos. 29 and 24 included the 03 series of amendments..1The second number is given merely as an example.Annex 314Annex 3Test procedure1. DoorsBefore the tests the doors of the cab shall be closed but not locked. 2. EngineFor test A the engine, or a model equivalent thereto in mass, dimensions and mounting, shall be fitted to the vehicle. 3. CabThe cab shall be equipped with the steering mechanism, steering wheel, instrument-panel and the driver and passenger seats. The steering wheel and the seating position shall be adjusted to their positions for normal use as prescribed by the manufacturer. 4. Anchorage of the cabFor test A, the cab shall be mounted on a vehicle. For tests В, C the cab shall, at the manufacturer’s choice, be mounted either on a vehicle or on a separate frame. The vehicle or frame shall be secured in the manner prescribed in Appendix 1 to this annex. 5.Front impact test (test A)Figure 1Front impact test (test A)Annex 3155.1.The impactor shall be made of steel and its mass shall be evenly-distributed; its mass shall not be less than 1,500 kg. Its striking surface, rectangular and flat, shall be 2,500 mm wide and 800 mm high (see b and h on figure 1). Its edges shall be rounded to a radius of curvature of 10 mm± 5 mm.5.2.The impactor assembly shall be of rigid construction. The impactor shall be freely suspended by two beams rigidly attached to it and spaced not less than 1,000 mm apart (see f on figure 1). The beams shall be not less than 3,500 mm long from the axis of suspension to the geometric centre of the impactor (L on figure 1).5.3. The impactor shall be so positioned that in the vertical position: 5.3.1. Its striking face is in contact with the foremost part of the vehicle;5.3.2. Its centre of gravity is c=50 +5/ - 0 mm below the R point of the driver’s seat, and5.3.3. its centre of gravity is in the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle. 5.4.The impactor shall strike the cab at the front in the direction towards the rear of the cab. The direction of impact shall be horizontal and shall be parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle. 5.5. The impact energy shall be:5.5.1. 29.4 kJ in the case of vehicles of category N 1 and of vehicles of category N 2 with a gross vehicle mass not exceeding 7.5 t.5.5.2. 55 kJ in the case of vehicles of category N 3 and of vehicles of category N 2 with a gross vehicle mass exceeding 7.5 t.6.Front pillar impact test (Test B)Figure 2Front pillar impact test (Test B)。

商用车驾驶室正面碰撞安全性仿真分析白云志;徐海英;雷飞【摘要】为了提高商用车安全性,对某型商用车正面碰撞安全性进行分析.首先建立商用车驾驶室的有限元模型,然后对约束条件和加载工况进行了分析.通过对驾驶室的耐撞性的仿真计算,根据ECE R29法规对该驾驶室的碰撞安全性进行分析,得出相关结论.【期刊名称】《汽车科技》【年(卷),期】2010(000)002【总页数】3页(P43-45)【关键词】驾驶室;正面耐撞性;有限元分析【作者】白云志;徐海英;雷飞【作者单位】安徽华菱汽车股份有限公司,马鞍山,243061;安徽华菱汽车股份有限公司,马鞍山,243061;湖南大学,长沙,410082【正文语种】中文【中图分类】U461.91汽车碰撞的计算机仿真是汽车碰撞安全性设计与改进的重要方法和手段。

汽车碰撞仿真的目的是建立一个与真实汽车碰撞试验相接近的计算机虚拟模型。

通过计算机仿真，可以找出汽车结构设计的缺陷和不足，为设计提供依据并加以改进。

我国在商用车正面碰撞安全性研究起步较晚，目前商用车的安全性法规体系尚不健全。

在欧美等发达国家，商用车安全性有较为健全的法规体系，通过立法等形式保证商用车的安全性。

目前，国际上商用车正面碰撞安全性法规多参照欧洲ECE-R29执行，该法规的适用性强，执行方便，受到很多国家立法组织的重视。

本文对某型商用车按照ECE-R29规定进行正面碰撞安全性分析，通过分析结果评价该商用车驾驶室的正面碰撞安全性。

1 正面碰撞工况分析1.1 模型处理汽车碰撞是一个瞬态的复杂物理过程，它包含以大位移、大转动和大应变为特征的几何非线性，以材料弹塑性变形为典型特征的材料非线性和以接触摩擦为特征的边界非线性。

在实际的应用中，常常采用简化方法对汽车车体进行仿真。

车身中的大部分零部件都是采用金属薄板冲压而成的，通常用壳体单元就能较好地描述其变形特性，而其他零部件比如铰链，焊接都有相对应的有限单元进行模拟。

通过有限元前处理软件，对CAD几何模型进行单元划分。

ECE系列标准序号代号法规名称1 ECER1 关于批准发射不对称近光和/或远光并装有R2/或HS1类灯丝灯泡的机动车前照灯的统一规定2 ECER2 关于批准发射不对称近光和/或远光的前照灯用白炽电灯泡的统一规定3 ECER3 关于批准机动车辆及其挂车回复反射装置的统一规定4 ECER4 关于批准机动车辆(摩托车除外)及其挂车后牌照板照明装置的统一规定5 ECER5 关于批准发射欧洲型不对称近光和/或远光机动车封闭式前照灯(SB)的统一规定6 ECER6 关于批准机动车及其挂车转向指示器的统一规定7 ECER7 关于批准机动车（不含摩托车）及其挂车前后位置（侧边）灯、制动灯和示廓灯的统一规定8 ECER8 关于批准发射不对称近光和/或远光并装有卤素灯丝灯泡（H1、H2、H3、HB3、HB4、H7、H8、H9、HIR1、HIR2和/或H11）的机动车前照灯的统一规定9 ECER9 关于就噪声方面批准L2、L4和L5类车辆的统一规定10 ECER10 关于就电磁兼容性方面批准车辆的统一规定11 ECER11 关于就门锁和车门保持件方面批准车辆的统一规定12 ECER12 关于就碰撞中防止转向机构伤害驾驶员方面批准车辆的统一规定13 ECER13 关于就制动方面批准M类、N类和O类车辆的统一规定14 ECER13--H 关于就制动方面批准乘用车的统一规定（欧美日协调版）15 ECER14 关于就安全带固定点方面批准车辆的统一规定16 ECER15 关于就发动机气体污染物排放方面批准装有点火式发动机或压燃式发动机的车辆的统一规定--点火式发动机的功率测量方法---车辆的油耗测量方法17 ECER16 关于：1批准机动车成年乘客用安全带和约束系统；2批准装用安全带的车辆的统一规定18 ECER17 关于就座椅、座椅固定点和头枕方面批准车辆的统一规定19 ECER18 关于就防盗方面批准机动车的统一规定20 ECER19 关于批准机动车前雾灯的统一规定21 ECER20 关于批准发射非对称近光和/或远光并装有卤素灯丝灯泡（H4）的机动车前照灯的统一规定22 ECER21 关于就内饰件方面批准车辆的统一规定23 ECER22 关于批准摩托车轻便摩托车驾驶员及乘客用头盔和面罩的统一规定24 ECER23 关于批准机动车辆及其挂车的倒车灯的统一规定25 ECER24 关于 1.就可见污染物排放方面批准压燃式(C.I)发动机;2.就已获得型式批准的C.I.发动机的安装方面批准机动车;3.就发动机可见污染物排放方面批准装用 C.I.发动机的车辆;4.C.I.发动机的功率测量的统一规定26 ECER25 关于批准与车辆座椅一体或非一体的头枕的统一规定27 ECER26 关于就外部凸出物方面批准车辆的统一规定28 ECER27 关于批准提前三角警告牌的统一规定29 ECER28 关于就声响信号方面批准声报警装置和机动车辆的统一规定30 ECER29 关于就商用车辆驾驶室乘员防护方面批准车辆的统一规定31 ECER30 关于批准机动车及其挂车气压轮胎的统一规定32 ECER31 关于批准发射非对称近光和/或远光的卤素封闭式（HSB）机动车前照灯的统一规定33 ECER32 关于就追尾碰撞中被撞车辆的结构特性方面批准车辆的统一规定34 ECER33 关于就正面冲撞中被撞的结构特性方面批准车辆的统一规定35 ECER34 关于就火灾预防方面批准车辆的统一规定36 ECER35 关于就脚控制件的布置方面批准车辆的统一规定37 ECER36 关于就一般结构方面批准大型客车的统一规定38 ECER37 关于批准用于已经批准的机动车和挂车灯具中的白炽灯的统一规定39 ECER38 关于批准机动车和挂车后雾灯的统一规定40 ECER39 关于就车速表及其安装方面批准车辆的统一规定41 ECER40 关于就发动机气体污染物的排放方面批准装有点火式发动机的摩托车的统一规定42 ECER41 关于就噪声方面批准摩托车的统一规定43 ECER42 关于就车辆前、后保护装置（保险杠等）批准车辆的统一规定44 ECER43 关于批准安全玻璃材料的统一规定45 ECER44 关于批准机动车儿童乘客约束装置（儿童约束系统）的统一规定46 ECER45 关于就前照灯清洗器方面批准机动车辆和批准前照灯清洗器的统一规定47 ECER46 关于批准后视镜和就后视镜的安装方面批准机动车辆的统一规定48 ECER47 关于就发动机的气体污染物排放方面批准装有点火发动机的轻便摩托车的统一规定49 ECER48 关于就灯光和光信号装置的安装方面批准车辆的统一规定50 ECER49 关于就发动机污染物排放方面批准压燃式发动机、天然气发动机和燃用液化石油气的点燃式发动机以及装有这些发动机的车辆的统一规定51 ECER50 关于批准轻便摩托车、摩托车及其类似车辆前后位置灯、制动灯、转向信号灯和后牌照板照明装置的统一规定52 ECER51 关于就噪声排放方面批准四轮及四轮以上机动车的统一规定53 ECER52 关于就一般结构方面批准小型公共运输车辆（M2、M3）的统一规定54 ECER53 关于就灯光及光信号装置的安装方面批准L3类车辆（摩托车）的统一规定55 ECER54 关于批准商用车辆及其挂车气压轮胎的统一规定56 ECER55 关于批准汽车列车机械联结件的统一规定57 ECER56 关于批准轻便摩托车以及类似车辆前照灯的统一规定58 ECER57 关于批准摩托车以及类似车辆前照灯的统一规定59 ECER58 关于 1.批准后下部防护装置；2.就已批准的后下部防护装置的安装方面批准车辆；3.就后下部防护装置方面批准车辆的统一规定60 ECER59 关于批准备用消声系统的统一规定61 ECER60 关于就驾驶员操纵的控制件，包括控制件、信号装置和指示器的识别方面批准两轮摩托车的统一规定62 ECER61 关于就驾驶室后挡板之前的外部凸出物方面批准商用车的统一规定63 ECER62 关于就防盗方面批准带有操纵把的机动车的统一规定64 ECER63 关于就噪声方面批准两轮轻便摩托车的统一规定65 ECER64 关于批准装有应急备用车轮/轮胎的车辆的统一规定66 ECER65 关于批准机动车特别警告灯的统一规定67 ECER66 关于就上部结构强度方面批准大型客车的统一规定68 ECER67 关于：1批准在其驱动系统中使用液化石油气的机动车辆特殊装置；2在这一装置的安装方面批准装用使其驱动系统使用液化石油气的特殊装置的车辆的统一规定69 ECER68 关于就最大车速的测量方面批准包括纯电动车辆在内的机动车的统一规定70 ECER69 关于批准低速车辆及其挂车后标志牌的统一规定71 ECER70 关于批准重，长型车辆后标志牌的统一规定72 ECER71 关于就驾驶员视野方面批准农用拖拉机的统一规定73 ECER72 关于批准发射非对称近光和远光并装有卤素灯（HS1灯）的摩托车前大灯统一规定74 ECER73 关于就侧防护方面批准货车、挂车和半挂车的统一规定75 ECER74 关于就灯光和光信号装置方面批准L1类车辆的统一规定76 ECER75 关于批准摩托车和轻便摩托车气压轮胎的统一规定77 ECER76 关于批准发射远光和近光的轻便摩托车前照灯的统一规定78 ECER77 关于批准机动车驻车灯的统一规定79 ECER78 关于就制动方面批准L类车辆的统一规定80 ECER79 关于就转向装置方面批准车辆的统一规定81 ECER80 关于就座椅及其固定点方面批准大型客车座椅和车辆的统一规定82 ECER81 关于就车把上后视镜的安装方面批准后视镜及带与不带边斗的二轮机动车的统一规定83 ECER82 关于批准装有卤素灯丝灯泡（HS2）的轻便摩托车前照灯的统一规定84 ECER83 关于根据发动机燃油要求就污染物排放方面批准车辆的统一规定85 ECER84 关于就油耗测量方面批准装有内燃机的机动车的统一规定86 ECER85 关于就净功率和最大30分钟电传动系功率的测量方面批准用于驱动M和N类机动车辆的内燃机或电传动系的统一规定87 ECER86 关于就灯光和光信号装置的安装方面批准农林拖拉机的统一规定88 ECER87 换向批准机动车白天行车灯的统一规定89 ECER88 关于批准摩托车反光轮胎的统一规定90 ECER89 关于 1.就最高车速限制或其可调车速限制功能方面批准车辆；2.就已批准型式的最高车速限制装置或可调车速限制装置的安装方面批准车辆；3.批准车速限制装置或可调车速限制装置的统一规定91 ECER90 关于批准机动车辆及其挂车用可更替制动衬片总成和鼓式制动器衬片的统一规定92 ECER91 关于批准机动车及其挂车侧标志灯的统一规定93 ECER92 关于批准摩托车、轻便摩托车和三轮车辆非原装可更换排气消声系统的统一规定94 ECER93 关于 1.批准前下部防护装置；2.就已批准型式的前下部防护装置的安装方面批准车辆；3.就前下部防护方面批准车辆的统一规定95 ECER94 关于就前碰撞中乘员防护方面批准车辆的统一规定96 ECER95 关于就侧碰撞中乘员防护方面批准车辆的统一规定97 ECER96 关于就发动机污染物排放方面批准农林拖拉机和非道路机动机械装用的压燃式发动机的统一规定98 ECER97 关于批准车辆报警系统和就报警系统方面批准机动车辆的统一规定99 ECER98 关于批准装用气体放电光源的机动车前照灯的统一规定100 ECER99 关于批准用于已获得型式批准的机动车气体放电灯具的气体放电光源的统一规定101 ECER100 关于就结构、功能安全性和氢排放的特殊要求方面批准蓄电池电动车辆的统一规定102 ECER101 关于就CO2排放和油耗的测量方面批准装用内燃机的乘用车和就电能消耗量和范围的测量方面批准装用电传动系的M1和N1类车辆的统一规定103 ECER102 关于 1.批准紧耦合装置；2.就已批准的紧耦合装置的安装方面批准车辆的统一规定。

ECER29—02和ECER29—03法规对商用车驾驶室结构要求的对比分析商用车驾驶室结构的安全性一直是车辆制造商和相关法规机构所要关注的重点。

ECER29-02和ECER29-03作为欧洲最为重要的货车和客车安全标准，已经对商用车驾驶室结构进行了严格的规定。

本文将从以下四个方面，对ECER29-02和ECER29-03进行对比分析。

一、碰撞试验ECER29-02和ECER29-03法规的最主要的要求是车辆必须通过碰撞试验来证明驾驶室和客舱的结构能够承受正面、侧面和翻转碰撞的冲击力。

ECER29-02要求车辆必须通过12吨对象冲击测试。

而ECER29-03要求车辆必须通过13吨的对象碰撞测试。

其中ECER29-03对于底盘的操作空间更为严格要求，车辆必须保证操作空间更安全。

两个法规的碰撞测试均进行了正面、侧向和翻滚三方面的测试。

二、座椅附近空间ECER29-03保护座椅附近的空间更为全面，指导车辆制造者更尽可能地保护驾驶员和乘客。

法规的设计要求必须确保在发生碰撞时，座椅和其它装置不会对人员造成任何损害。

ECER29-02也提到了座椅和其它装置不可造成冲击力，但是对空间的设计要求较为宽松。

三、风挡玻璃法规中对于风挡玻璃的要求也有所不同。

ECER29-02对风挡玻璃的强度要求较低，而ECER29-03以更高水平的强度要求代替制造商。

ECER29-03法规要求风挡玻璃必须能够在目前最大级别的爆炸强度下承受冲击，同时还必须能够抵御划伤、破损等情况。

四、灯光安装ECER29-03法规中要求的透视度和安装位置更为高，的确可以带来更高的安全性和可靠性。

灯光应该能够达到最高级别的灯光使用标准，达到在不同天气条件下行车的最佳效果。

ECER29-02对灯光安装要求宽松，只要求车辆在夜间或恶劣天气条件下可使用。

结论：总的来说，ECER29-03法规要求的车辆驾驶室结构更为严格。

它对碰撞试验、座椅周围的空间、风挡玻璃和灯光安装等方面要求更高。

商用车驾驶室强度试验要求研究与分析王登峰;刘丽亚;苏玉萍;仲崇红;唐洪斌【摘要】对比分析了欧洲、瑞典及美国关于商用车驾驶室强度试验要求的国际法规,针对我国采用的现行欧洲法规ECE R29-02中正面摆锤撞击试验及180°滚翻顶盖准静压试验与实际车辆碰撞事故不符之处,解析了现行ECE R29-02与其修订案ECE R29-03的差异,并进一步研究分析了修订案ECE R29-03新增加的正面A柱摆锤撞击试验、驾驶室侧面摆锤20°撞击试验.【期刊名称】《汽车技术》【年(卷),期】2010(000)010【总页数】4页(P50-53)【关键词】商用车;驾驶室;强度试验;法规【作者】王登峰;刘丽亚;苏玉萍;仲崇红;唐洪斌【作者单位】吉林大学;吉林大学;中国第一汽车集团公司技术中心;中国第一汽车集团公司技术中心;中国第一汽车集团公司技术中心;中国第一汽车集团公司技术中心【正文语种】中文【中图分类】U463.811 前言目前,国际上关于商用车驾驶室强度试验的法规体系有联合国欧洲经济委员会ECE R29[1]、瑞典国家法规VVFS 2003：29[2]、美国工程师协会标准SAE J2420[3]和SAEJ2422[4]。

中国、俄罗斯及印度等国家采用ECE R29，瑞典汽车公司中斯堪尼亚（SCANIA）和沃尔沃（VOLVO）等执行 VVFS 2003：29，美国执行SAE J2420和 SAE J2422。

2 商用车驾驶室强度试验国内、外法规对比分析我国法规采用欧洲现行法规ECE R29-02，此法规对新定型产品自2011年7月1日实施。

法规对驾驶室强度试验要求包括正面摆锤撞击试验、180°顶盖准静压试验、后围准静压试验。

其中，正面摆锤撞击试验模拟两车追尾碰撞情况，矩形刚性摆锤的尺寸相当于前面车辆货箱的平均高度和宽度；顶盖准静压试验模拟车辆发生180°滚翻时，硬地面对驾驶室顶盖的压力，加载力相当于前轴最大轴荷；后围准静压试验模拟车辆发生撞击时，货箱货物前冲撞击驾驶室后围情况，加载力将货物前冲的动能转化为静压载荷。