最新2018年高中英语人教版精品详细学案资源-Working the land-Learning about Language同步学案

最新2018年高中英语人教版精品详细学案资源-Unit2Period Three Using Language1It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.(P13)拓展归纳confuse sb.使某人困惑(糊涂)be confused by sth.被某(事)物搞糊涂了become/get confused困惑，不知所措confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆confuse black with white混淆黑白confusable adj.会被混淆的，会被弄糊涂的confused adj.困惑的，不知所措的；混乱的confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的confusion n．[U]混乱，混淆；困惑完成句子(1)这个难题使他困惑。

The difficult question confused_him.(2)人们被大量的信息搞糊涂了。

People were_confused_by a lot of information.(3)我把她和她妹妹弄错了，因为她们长得太像了。

I confused_her_with_her_sister because they were so alike.2regret(P13)拓展归纳regret to do sth.遗憾/抱歉要去做……(do动词一般是say，tell，inform，announce等这样的词)regret doing sth.后悔曾经做过某事regret not to have done sth.后悔没做过某事regret that...遗憾/后悔……have no regrets没有遗憾It is a matter for/of regret that...令人遗憾的是……It is to be regretted that...使人遗憾的是……to one’s regret(对某人而言)可惜的是用所给词的适当形式填空(1)He bitterly regretted ever having_mentioned (mention) it.(2)I regret to_say (say) that I’m unable to accept your kind invitation.(3)I have no regrets (regret) about leaving Newcastle.(4)Emma shook her head regretfully (regret) when she heard the result.3A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(P14)拓展归纳reduce (...)to...(把……)减少到……reduce (...)by...(把……)减少了……reduce sth. to...使……成为(某种状态)reduce sb. to (doing) sth.迫使某人陷入(不佳状态)；使某人不得不……reduction n．减少，缩减；折扣，减价reductive adj.减少的；缩减的完成句子(1)商店已经降低了商品的价格，所以现在是买东西的好时候。

必修4 Unit 2 Working the land课前10分钟短文填空New Zealand is only a young country and _____very far away fromChina.From the southern parts of China，it ______ more than 9,000kilometres across Southeast Asia to ______ New Zealand. thefact that New Zealand is so far away，ties have existedthe two nations from early on.The first wave of Chinese settlers_______ around the middle of the nineteenth century.Most of themcame from southern China.They came to try their ______ to findgold.Gold was discovered in New Zealand in the 1850s.Thismany pioneers who hoped to become rich through the gold business.liestakesreachbetweenarrivedluckattractedDespite漫画欣赏画面描述A boy is absorbed in fishing.Three other boys are leaving，emptyhanded，though there’re many fish in the water.寓意理解Success calls for patience.If we stick to what we are doing,we’ll achieve our goal in time.你能否对此加以扩展，写一篇120词左右的小短文？Ⅰ.词义辨析1．New ________ show that the economy of our country iscontinuing to grow.A．welfares B．NationalitiesC．statistics D．schedules2．The water froze inside the pipe，causing it to ________and burst.A．expand B．export C．reduce D．behave 3．Rumours began to ________ in the country that the chairmanwas going to retire.A．comment B．deliver C．focus D．circulate 4．People are fighting a ________ worldwide against air pollution.A．output B．battle C．summary D．curiosityCADB课堂双基回归5．Progress so far has been very good.______，we are sure thatthe project will be completed on time.A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Besides 6．You have got to fill in your name，age，address，and ____in this application form.A．nutrition B．occupation C．envelope D．atmosphere 7．If you don’t explain clearly，you’ll just _____ the reader.A．confuse B．satisfy C．intend D．remind 8．The company has ______ its size from about 13,500 employeesto 7,500.A．expanded B．observed C．advertised D．reducedCBAD9．Would you ______ through the report and check for spellingmistakes?A．decorate B．EmployC．circulate D．skim10．“Have you any _____ to make on the recent developments？”the reporter asked the foreign minister.A．comments B．ContentsC．attitudes D．impressionsDAⅡ.短语填空1．All the pressure ________ and he was off work for weeks with stress.2．There is no doubt that stress can ________ physical illness. 3．Further measures will be taken to ____ our streets_____ crime.4．Many experts think that schools should not simply______ ____exam results.5．She usually ______ the table ________ dust by putting a cover over it.built uplead toridoffocusonfree fromkeeps6．She ________ her father all through his long illness. 7．Scientists are still ___________ a cure for this terrible disease.8．I ___________ fail than cheat in the examination. 9．Nowadays increasing numbers of people _________environmental issues.10．It was all a great success—________ a lot of hard work. cared forsearching forwould rathercare aboutthanks toⅢ.完成句子1．Indeed，he believes that a person with too much money hasmore ________________________________(麻烦事会更多而不是更少)．(rather)2．Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests ______________________(是以前的两倍)．(twice)3．Organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow goodfood and ____________________________________________(避免损害环境或者人们的健康)．(damage)has more rather than fewer troublesas large as beforetwiceavoid damaging the environment or people’s healthⅣ.单项填空1．Y uan Longping considers himself a farmer，______ heworks the land to do his research.A．where B．when C．for D．before 2．Dr Y uan searched for ___ to increase rice harvests withoutexpanding the area of fields.A．a way B．an approach C．a means D．a manner3．Dr Y uan awoke from his dream ___ the hope of producinga kind of rice that could feed more people.A．about B．with C．on D．atCAB4．Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between cropsto prevent wind or water from ________ the soil.A．getting away B．giving awayC．sending away D．carrying away5．When farmers use this kind of natural fertilizer they keepthe air，soil，water and crops ________ from chemicals.A．lack B．short C．loose D．freeDD核心词汇梳理1．rid vt. 免除；清除；使摆脱搭配rid...of...使……摆脱掉或清除掉……One day we will manage to rid the world of this terrible disease.总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹.She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs.她正在努力戒除毒瘾.识记get/be rid of...摆脱；丢掉It’s time we got rid of all these old toys.该是我们把这些旧玩具全部扔掉的时候了.He’s gone，and I’m glad to be rid of him.他走了，我很高兴不再受他纠缠.知识要点整合2．regret v.为……感到遗憾；后悔句型regret doing/having done...后悔做了某事She deeply regretted losing her temper.她为自己发了脾气而深感后悔.He soon began to regret having run away from home.他很快就开始后悔从家里出走.句型regret to say/tell you/inform you that...很遗憾地说/告诉你/通知你……We regret to inform you that the train will be late.我们遗憾地通知诸位火车将会晚点.We regret to inform you that your application has not beensuccessful.我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过.n.遗憾；悔恨；抱歉；歉意识记to one’s regret令某人感到可惜的是；令某人觉得遗憾的是Much to our regret，we will be unable to attend your wedding.非常遗憾，我们不能参加你们的婚礼.He gave up teaching in 1997，much to the regret of his students.他于1997年放弃了教学生涯，这使他的学生深感遗憾.3．equip vt.配备；装备搭配equip...with...给……配备……；给……装备……；使……具备……He equipped himself with a street plan.他随身带着一张街道平面图.The boys equipped themselves with torches and rope，andset off.男孩们带上火把和绳索出发了.We want to equip our children with some special skills.我们想让孩子们具有某些特殊才能.拓展equip...for...为……而装备……；为……而做准备The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作.We want our son to have an education that will equip him for later life.我们想让儿子接受能为其今后生活打下基础的教育.链接be furnished with...装备有……be decorated with...装饰着……4．reduce vt.减少；缩减；简化搭配reduce...by...减少了多少；降低了多少The workforce has been reduced by half.劳动力已经减少了一半.Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%.vt.使成为；使……变为句型reduce sb.to (doing) sth.使某人沦为……，使不得不做……be reduced to (doing) sth.被迫做某事Eventually Charlotte was reduced to begging on the streets.最后夏洛特被迫沦落到沿街乞讨.She was reduced to tears by their criticisms.他们的批评使她流下了眼泪.重点短语例释1．build up 逐渐增强；积聚；建立；开发These exercises are good for building up leg strength.这些锻炼有助于增强你的腿部力量.Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere,causing the global temperature to go up.温室气体继续在大气层中聚集，从而引起全球气温上升.Stevens played a key role in building up the company.史蒂文斯在创建公司的过程中起了重要作用.2．lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.毫无疑问，心理压力会导致生理疾病.The path leads directly to the house.那条路直接通向那座房子.提示此短语中的to是介词，后面可接动名词.Staying up too late led to his being late.熬夜太晚导致他来晚了.链接bring about导致；引起bring on导致result in引起；导致3．focus on 集中于Modern medicine has tended to focus too much on developinghighly complicated surgical techniques.现代医学常趋向于过分注意发展高度复杂的外科技术.Let your eyes focus on objects that are further away from you.睁大眼睛看清楚离你较远的物体.拓展be/stay/keep/remain focused on集中于……；集中到……His eyes were focused on the girl.他的眼光集中到那女孩身上.Most of the time they stay focused on the topic in spite of thejoking around.虽然开玩笑，但大部分时间他们的精力都集中在这个话题上.4．thanks to 幸亏Thanks to Germaine’s tireless efforts，the concert was ahuge success.多亏杰曼不知疲倦的努力，音乐会获得了巨大成功.Thanks to the warm Autumn，our fuel bills have beenvery low.由于今年秋天很暖和，我们的燃料费一直很低.疑难语句细解1．He would rather keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上.【要点指南】would rather “宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式在would rather后加not/never.“Shall we dine out？” “I’d rather stay at home.”“我们要不要出去吃饭？”“我宁愿留在家里.”I’d rather no t tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人.句型would rather do sth.than do sth./would do sth.rather thando sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”.I would rather listen to others than talk myself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说.He would rather die than give in.他宁死不屈.句型would rather have done sth.意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气.I would rather have taken his advice yesterday.我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了.My wife bought the blue carpet，but I would rather have boughtthe brown one. 我妻子买了蓝色的地毯，但我宁愿买的是棕色的.句型would rathe r (that) sb.did...“宁愿某人做某事”，that从句中的谓语动词用过去时态表示虚拟语I would rather (that) he didn’t come.我宁愿他不来.I’d rather you told me the truth.我更愿意你给我讲实话.链接would like to do sth.想做某事would like to have done sth.希望做过某事，要是做过某事就好了would prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不去做某事2.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米.【要点指南】句中的making it ready for...是现在分词短语作结果状语.现在分词作结果状语时通常表示顺其自然的、必然的结果.He got away from home，leaving his mother worried a lot.他离家出走，使他妈妈忧心忡忡.The boy ran all the way to school，getting there quite out of breath. 那孩子一路跑向学校，结果到达时已气喘吁吁.拓展不定式也可在句中作结果状语，但通常表示出人意料的、不幸的结果，而且常与only 连用.He got away from home，never to be heard again.他离家外出，结果再也无任何音信.I rushed to the door，only to discover it was locked.我冲到门边，却发现门已锁死了.。

Unit 2 Working the landLearning about Language语法精讲·探究学习动词-ing形式作主语和宾语①Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.②As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.④However, he doesn’t care about being famous.⑤He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.⑦Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.观察上面句子, 思考黑体部分所作的成分:以上动名词短语(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是①⑥⑦; 作动词宾语的是⑤; 作介词(短语)宾语的是②③④⑧。

概念: 动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式。

动词-ing形式的时态和语态:语态主动语态被动语态时态一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用: 在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

2018届人教版必修4一轮复习：Unit2Workingtheland单元学案（18页）Unit 2Working the land单元学案一、单词——在语境中默写，在联想中积累1.“因此”家族①therefore ad v.因此；所以②so conj. 因此；所以③thus ad v. 因此；于是④consequently ad v.所以；因此2.“评论”名词知多少①comment评论；意见；批评②remark评论③review回顾；复习；评论3.“扩展”动词全接触4.加后缀-ment构成的名词面面观①equip→equipment装备②develop→development发展③argue→argument争论④establish→establishment建⑤as a result 结果；因此①expand扩展；扩张；膨胀②enlarge扩大；放大立⑤employ→employment雇用⑥improve→improvement提高二、短语——在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多积得多(平时多积累，考场出华章)“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语集锦①be satisfied with对……满意②be content with对……满意③be pleased with对……满意④be familiar with 对……熟悉⑤be bored with 对……厌烦⑥bebusy with 忙于……⑦be popular with 受……欢迎⑧be patient with 对……耐心⑨be strict with 对……严格要求三、句式——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通语境认识词汇I would like to make comments on the situation of the Africa simply. As we know，most of the people there struggle against natural disasters， like drought. What's worse，to our regret， they are poorly equipped； as a result，the crop output is greatly reduced. A large number of people sufferhardships for lack of food.Fortunately，some experts from developed countries plan to go to Africa to help them learn advanced technology and build up the food supply. If so，I believe they will achieve success and all these measures will lead to a great improvement in their life.1．comment n．评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论①The teacher often comments on/upon how different the two boys are.→The teacher often makes_comments_on/about how different the two boys are.老师经常谈论那两个男孩子的不同之处。

最新2018年高中英语人教版精品详细学案资源人教版人教版必修4 Unit2 Working the land 单元复习学案1.At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.(P10)当时饥荒是许多农村地区面临的严重问题。

◆词语归纳hunger n./v.饥饿；渴望；使……饥饿hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望的die of hunger 死于饥饿hunger for/after sth.渴望go hungry挨饿根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。

（1）The little boy who ran away from home soon felt ____________ .（饥饿）（2）It’s terrible to_________ news when the family’s letters don’t arrive.（渴望）（3）Many people in Africa had to (挨饿) ________and some even _________(死于饥饿) because of the lack of grain.答案：（1）hungry （2）hunger for（3）go hungry (4)die of hunger2.Dr.Y uan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of fields.(P10) 袁博士在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收的途径。

词语辨析search for；in search of；look forsearch for 搜寻（动词词组）in search of 搜寻（介词词组）search...for 搜查某地/某人寻找某物The dogs were in the forest in search of/looking for/searching for clues of the criminals.=The dogs searched the forest for clues of the criminals.=The dogs were in the forest to look for clues of the criminals.选用上述短语填空。

最新2018年高中英语人教版必修4精品导学案Unit 2 Working theland 新人教版必修4新课标人教版 Unit 2 Working the land 耕作土地核心词汇1．The course is so hard that my colleagues and I have been____________(拼搏) with it.2．Those who____________(渴望)for a chance to study abroad can be trained in our company.3．I do not wish to listen to his____________(评论) on my hair.I think it good. 4．The old woman is determined to learn how to use the Internet to____________(扩大) her business and reach a global market.5．It was considerate of her to speak to me in whisper so as not to____________(打扰)the sleeping child.6．My performance was perfect in the English contest.Our teacher expressed her____________(满意) with what I had done.7．He has made a____________(总结)of the main points in the Secretary General’s speech.8．Judging from his____________expression，he didn’t understand the____________problem referring to teenagers’ mental health.(confuse)9.用 occupy 的适当形式填空(1)____________with the preparation for the important meeting，he forgot to have lunch.(2)If you want to apply for the job，fill in the blanks.Remember to state your true name，age and____________.10．用 equip 的适当形式填空(1)Well____________with modern weapons，the soldiers set out to fight the enemies.(2)The basic____________you need for hiking is simple：good shoes，durable clothes，and a backpack.1.struggling2.hungerments4.expand5.disturb6.satisfaction7.summary8.confused；confusing9.(1)Occupied (2)occupation 10.(1)equipped (2)equipment高频短语1．________________ 幸亏；由于；因为2．________________ 摆脱；除去3．________________ 对……感到满意4．________________ 宁愿；宁可5．________________ 逐渐增强；建立；开发6．________________ 导致；造成(后果)7．________________ 集中(注意力、精力等)于8．________________ 盛产9．________________ 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)10．________________ 选择……(而不是……)1.thanks to2.rid...of3.be satisfied with4.would rather5.build up6.lead to7.focus on8.be rich in9.keep...free from/of 10.prefer...to...重点句式1．________________，what did you do to grow them?如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？2．Dr.Yuan Longping grows________________super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。

学生姓名: __________ 班级: __________ hybrid n. 杂交植（动）物；合成物；混合动力车SYN: _____________________________杂交水稻__________________________混合动力汽车______________________ devote vt. 把…献(给)；把…专用于；专心于SYN: _____________________________把……用于；献身；致力；专心___________________________________致力于；献身于___________________________________ adj.挚爱的；全心全意的专心于；致力于___________________________________ n.献身；忠诚；热爱shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺SYN: ______________________________缺少…_________________________________________ adj. 短的；不足的缺少…_____________________________简而言之______________________________________ v. 缩短；变短tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理SYN: ______________________________ crisis n. (pl. crises) 危机；危急关头政治危机___________________________金融危机___________________________经济危机___________________________midlife crisis ________________________ yield n. 产量；产出vt. 出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）vi. 屈服；让步SYN: ______________________________屈服于，给…让步，给…让路，被…所取代____________________________________高产，高收益______________________ boost vt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励SYN: _____________________________增强某人的信心____________________增强某人的士气____________________ convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服使某人确信/明白某事________________使某人相信……____________________说服某人做某事___________________________________adj.有说服力的______________adj.确信的；坚信的坚信……__________________________ characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的SYN: ___________________________________________n. 性格，特点;角色;汉字______________v. 以…为特点attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到；达到SYN: _____________________________达到某人的目标____________________________________n. 成就_______________adj.可达到的,可得到的conventional adj.传统的；习惯的SYN: _____________________________OPP: _______________adj.不因循守旧的传统方法__________________________________________adv. 传统地；习惯地_______________n. 习俗，惯例；大会pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉________________n. 授粉；传粉（作用）________________n. 授粉者；传粉昆虫assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得；呈现；假装假定……______________________________________ v.假定；设想；担任；承担假定/认为某人/某事(为)……______________________________人们认为……______________________承担责任_________________________________________conj.假定；假设假设……__________________________ intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的SYN: ____________________________剧痛_____________________________浓厚的兴趣_______________________激烈的竞争_______________________热切的神情______________________________________adj. 加强的；集中的______________n. 强度______________v. 强化；增强overe vt.(overcame，overe)克服;解决;战胜;(常用于被动语态)受到……的极大影响SYN: ____________________________克服困难_________________________ expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)开阔眼界________________________________________n.扩大；扩张；扩充_______________adj. 广阔的；扩展的output n.产量；输出；输出量vt.(output，output)输出SYN: ____________________________OPP: _____________________________输出功率__________________________ estimate vt.估计；估价；估算n.估计；估算SYN: ____________________________________________adj. 可估计的_______________v. 低估_______________v. 高估domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的SYN: _____________________________国内事务__________________________国内航班__________________________国内需求__________________________家务琐事__________________________家庭暴力__________________________________________v. 驯养；教化；使习惯于家庭生活________________adj. 驯养的consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费______________ vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝______________ n.消费者；用户；客户prise vt.包括；包含；由……组成包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)___________________________________ SYN: _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ generate vt.产生；引起SYN: _____________________________发电_____________________________产生利润______________________________________adj. 生产的；有生产力的_____________n. 将军；adj. 一般的_____________n. 一代人_____________adj. 一代人的strain n.(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力SYN: _____________________________在压力之下________________________毫不费力地________________________肌肉劳损__________________________拉伤肌肉__________________________竖起耳朵仔细听____________________竭尽全力做某事_________________________________adj. 紧张的；不自然的leisure n.闲暇；休闲；空闲at leisure __________________________休闲中心__________________________业余活动______________________________________ adj./adv. 休闲的/地deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上SYN: ____________________________ soil n.泥土；土壤；国土；领土SYN: ____________________________土壤污染_________________________ celebrity n.名望；名誉；名人；名流celebrate v. _________________________ celebration n. _______________________ envision vt.展望；想象SYN: _____________________________ sorghum n. 高粱；高粱米wheat n.小麦；小麦籽_____________ n. 大麦grain n.谷物；谷粒；颗粒一粒盐____________________________ broom n.扫把；扫帚；金雀花______________n. 簸箕______________n. 垃圾桶new broom ________________________ vision n.想象；视力；视野；影像_____________ adj. 可见的reality n.现实；实际情况；事实事实上____________________________面对现实__________________________脱离现实_______________________________________adj. 真实的_____________ adv. 真正地；真实地_____________v. 实现；意识到salty adj.含盐的；咸的____________ n.盐urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的_________________n. 城市化_____________adj. 乡村的bomb n.炸弹vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹炸弹爆炸_________________________go like a bomb ______________________ tunnel n.地下通道；地道；隧道铁路隧道__________________________light at the end of the tunnel___________channel n. ________________________ extension n.扩建部分；扩大；分机___________adj.广阔的;大规模的;广泛的_____________adv. 广阔地；广大地___________ vt.伸开；展开；延伸chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的n.化学制品；化学品_____________n.化学_____________adv.化学上地_____________n.化学家；药剂师flavour n.味道；特点；特色SYN: ______________________________ ______________adj. 可口的，美味的fertiliser n.肥料fertilise v. _________________________fertile adj. ________________________ nutritional adj.营养(物)的_____________ adj.有营养的;营养丰富的_____________ n.营养；滋养alleviate vt.减轻；缓解SYN: _____________________________减轻苦难__________________________缓解贫困________________________________________ n. 减轻；缓解扶贫______________________________ poverty n.贫穷；贫困处于贫困中_____________________________________ adj. 贫穷的povertystricken adj. _________________ organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的有机种植__________________________有机化学______________________________________adj. 无机的organ n. ___________________________organize v. _________________________organization n. ______________________ pesticide n.杀虫剂；除害药物pest n. ____________________________insect n. __________________________ widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的SYN: ______________________________________ adv. 广泛地bacterium n.(pl.ria) 细菌_____________n. 真菌_____________n. 病毒in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流轮流______________________________轮流做某事________________________轮到某人做某事____________________结果是…;原来是…__________________作为回报_________________________ digest vt.& vi.消化vt.领会;领悟n.摘要;文摘______________ n.消化（过程）______________adj. 消化的，助消化的essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的SYN: _____________________________对……很重要______________________做……是完全必要的_____________________________对某人来说做……是完全必要的____________________________________________adv. 本质上_______________n. 本质；实质；精华mineral n.矿物；矿物质矿泉水_____________________________ alternative n．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的SYN: _____________________________替代能源___________________________别无选择只好做某事_________________有做某事的选择_____________________…的替代品________________________ grocery n.食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货食品杂货店_________________________ instance n.例子；实例；事例例如，比如_________________________ in the first instance ___________________ batch n. 一批；一组vt. 分批处理a batch of cookies ____________________ depth n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)in depth________________________________________ adj.深的____________adv.深深地；强烈地____________vt.加深；(使)变深root n.根；根茎；根部；根源the root of … ____________________take root ____________________________________ adj. 根深蒂固的entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地______________ adj.全部的；完全的SYN: __________________________ aspect n.方面；层面…的一个方面______________________respect ____________________________expect_____________________________prospect___________________________suspect____________________________inspect____________________________ focus on关注，聚焦于SYN: _____________________________集中某人的注意力/心思于……_______________________________ be like像choose to do sth选择做某事a matter of关乎……的事情depend on依靠；取决于far from远非；绝不是succeed in doing sth成功地做某事dream up凭空想出(不同寻常的计划、主意) in addition另外in fact事实上because of因为；由于cause damage to对……造成损害as for至于be rich in富含……prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事。

Unit 2 Working the land核心单词1. strugglev.挣扎；努力；拼搏；斗争n. (为争取自由、政治权利等而进行的)斗争，奋斗常用结构：struggle with与……斗争struggle for 为争取……而斗争struggle against与……斗争；为反对……而斗争struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.)努力做某事struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来She struggled to keep back the tears. 她努力忍住泪水。

It was a hard struggle to get my work done on time.为使工作按时完成, 我做了一番努力。

易混辨析struggle/fightstruggle指较长时间的、激烈的斗争，往往指肉体及精神上的战斗。

fight意为“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗争”时，包含体力和勇猛的因素。

高手过招(1)单项填空The working people have never stopped their struggle unfair treatment. （2010·01·山西太原五中检测）A. againstB. forC. fromD. to(2)完成句子（原创）①我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。

We should help those who are still .②他们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。

They had to .(1)解析：选A。

struggle against意为“同……作斗争”；struggle for意为“为了……而斗争”。

(2)①struggling for independence②struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties2. expandv.扩大；扩展；增加；增长；（使）膨胀；阐述；使变大常用结构：expand...into...将……扩展/发展成……expand on 阐述；详谈He is thinking of expanding his business.他在正考虑扩大他的生意。

Unit2Working the land单元教案Periods1Warming up and ReadingThe General Idea of This PeriodThis period includes Warming up,Pre-reading,Reading and Comprehending of Unit2.It introduces something about agriculture,especially about Dr Yuan and his sup er hybrid rice.It can help the students,especially the students in cities,know something about agriculture.In fact this world faces a serious problem—starvation.So after reading the passage about Dr Yuan the students will know the importance of his achievement to man.Of course they will learn from Dr Yuan some noble characters,and learn how they should try their best to make contributions to the society.Teaching Important PointsHelp the students to understand the passage better.Learn and master the important words and phrases in this period.How to help the students make up their minds to make contributions to the society in the future like Dr Yuan.Teaching Difficult PointsHow to help the students improve their reading ability and understand the passage better.How to master the important language points in this passage.Teaching MethodsFast reading to get the general idea of the text.Detail reading to understand the passage better.Explanation to help the students master some language points.Discussion to help the students understand better what they’ve learned and to use the knowledge they’ve learned in this period.Teaching AidsA tape recorderA multimediaThree Dimensional Teaching AimsKnowledge and SkillsTrain the students’reading ability.Learn the following useful words,expressions and drills:Words:sunburn,struggle,super,expand,circulate,equip,exportExpressions:rid...of,be satisfied with,lead a...life,search for,would rather,thanks to,with the hope of,rather thanDrills:1)This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.2)He cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life.3)He also doesn’t care about being famous.4)He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research.5)His other hobbies include playing mah-jong,swimming and reading.6)Wishing for things,however,costs nothing.Enable the students to learn more about agriculture,countryside and farming.They can exchange their experience with each other by talking and realize the role that agriculture plays in human life from this part. Process and StrategiesFast reading to make the students get the main idea of the passage.Explanation to make the students master some language points.Feelings and ValueIt can help the students,especially the students in cities,know something about agriculture.Teaching ProceduresStep1Warming upT:Good morning/afternoon everyone.Ss:Good morning/afternoon,teacher.T:In unit1the previows we learnt some great women.Today we’ll learn something about a famous man.At first let’s look at the following pictures and tell me what the people are doing?Ss:They are farming.T:Are you from a farmer’s family?What do you know about farming?(Show the following chart word by word on the screen,and ask them to tell more.)soilcropsploughingweather and climateirrigating...T:Maybe everyone knows something about the modern agriculture,but do you know anything about the agriculture in the past?Then show the students the following pictures:Agriculture in the pastThe modern agricultureStep2Pre-readingThe purpose of this step is to let the students know the importance of rice.By answering the two questions,the students can easily understand why we call Dr Yuan Longping a pioneer for all people,and why he devotes all his life to the rice research.T:What is the main food in all East Asian and Southeast Asian countries?Ss:Rice.It is said that there are2.4billion people to eat rice every day throughout the world.T:What do you think would happen if there was suddenly no rice to eat?Ss:If that happened,people there would suffer from starvation.People would be panic(惊慌)and the whole country would get into trouble.T:But today it will not happen because Dr Yuan Longping helps us.So today we’ll learn a passage about Dr Yuan,the Father of hybrid rice.Let’s come to the text.Step3Fast readingThe reading material is about an agricultural pioneer named Yuan Longping who worked hard at a new strain of rice.It has proved so successful that his technology spread into other countries.The purpose of the fast reading is to let the students find some useful information，and get familiar with the text.So in this step,the teacher can design some questions the for the students,so that they can easily find the answers and finish the reading task. T:Read the text fast and find out the answers to the questions on the screen.Then I’d like to ask you to answer them.Show the questions on the screen and give the students three minutes to read the text quickly.1.What is Dr Yuan’s appearance?2.What’s his achievement?3.Do you think he is a great man?Why?Three minutes later.T:No w who would like to answer the first question?S:1.He has a sunburnt face and arms and a slim,strong body.He is more like a farmer than a scientist.T:You are right,very good!What about the second one?S:2.He grows what is called super hybrid rice,which makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Thanks to his research,the UN is trying to rid the world of ing his hybrid rice farmers’producing harvests twice as large as before.T:Do you think he is a great man?Why?(Ss give their own answers.)Step4Detailed readingT:Please read the text again,and try to find the answers for the following questions:I’ll give you four minutes.1.Why did Dr Yuan want to increase the rice output when he was young?2.How does he help rid the world of hunger?3.What kind of life is Dr Yuan leading?e a few words to describe Dr Yuan’s personality.Four minutes later.T:Who have found the answer for the first question?Suggested answers:1.Dr Yuan wanted to increase the rice output because he saw many people go hungry when he was young.2.He helps the world get rid of hunger by producing a hybrid strain of rice which increase the harvest.3.Dr Yuan is leading a simple life,doing his research,listening to his music and riding his motor-bike.4.Dr Yuan is a simple,academic man who is more interested in helping others than being famous.Step5Extensive readingT:Now please read the text for the third time,then fill the following chart:Ss read and fill the chart:NameYuan LongpingBornGraduatedAppearance He has__________face and arms.His body is__________but__________.All this makes him look as a real__________.Achievements He succeeded in__________.He became the first agricultural__________in the world to grow__________ whose output is high.He helped the government highly increase the __________of grain.Personality 1.care little for__________2.would like to live a life of__________3.has great__________.Step6DiscussionDo you want to end the famine(饥荒)in the world?If you had the chance to do one thing to help end hunger in the world,what would you do?Invent a new kind of plant to produce more food.Find a sort of fertilizer(肥料)to give rice enough nutrition.Stop the pollution to the environment and protect the soil in the field.Step7Language pointsThe teacher explains the important words and expressions from the reading.Try to use as many examples as possible to illustrate the point.After illustration,the teacher can give the students some exercise to consolidate their understanding.Step8HomeworkFinish the exercises on Workbook.Prepare for the next class.The Design of the Writing on the BlackboardUnit2Working the landPeriod1Warming up and ReadingLanguage focus1.rid...of make sb./sth.free from(sb./sth.unpleasant)e.g.We all wish that we would rid the world of famine.The farmer recently tried to rid the house of rats.2.lead a...life,live a...lifee.g.Now we are leading a happy life.In the old days farmers led a terrible life in the country.3.would rather,prefer toe.g.I’d rather walk than take a bus.I’d rather you knew that now,than afterwards.Record after TeachingActivities and ResearchResearch on cropsThis activity is intended for group cooperation.The students have to assign themselves the work.The students are asked to study three or four crops that are grown on the land,including where it grows;the varieties;its ideal environment.This activity is important for the students as it encourages independent learning and develops research skills.1.Assign each group to find out the information of one kind of crop.2.Students can search some information on the Internet,they can also gain a lot of information from a good set of encyclopedia.3.Encourage them to do the work out of school as homework or independent project work.4.Help the students organize their information under the three headings:geography,varieties and environment.5.When students present their work,praise their efforts in class and give them encouragement and suggestions to improve the quality of their future projects.6.Teacher can also display the students’projects for other classes and their parents to see.Reference for TeachingBackground Information1.Crops1)CucumbersCucumbers are grown for eating fresh or preserving as pickles.They must be grown in warm temperatures and full sunlight,and will not stand frost.Cucumbers mature quickly and are best suited to large gardens but can be grown in small areas if caged or trellised.Cucumbers do best in loose,sandy loam soil but can be grown in any well drained soil.Remove rocks,large sticks and trash before preparing the soil.Leave fine pieces of plant material such as dead grass and small weeds.They will help enrich the soil when turned under.Spade the soil to a depth of8to12inches.This is about the depth reached by most shovels or spading forks.Turn each shovel of soil completely over so all plant materials are covered with soil.2)TomatoesTomatoes are warm season plants requiring at least six hours per day.Temperatures are very important.Most varieties of tomatoes will not set fruit unless the average nighttime temperature stays above55degrees.If nighttime temperatures are expected to drop below55degrees,protect the plants using a polyethylene film.One of the most common problems with tomatoes is called blossom end rot which appears as a gray or dark leathery scar or rot on the blossom end of the fruit.It is usually caused by sudden or inconsistent moisture levels in the soil.It can also be caused by a lack of calcium in the soil.Another common problem of tomatoes is blossom drop.This can occur if nighttime temperatures drop below55degrees and plants are not protected.Germination and tube growth are so slow that the blossoms drop off before they can be fertilized.3)PeasPeas are a frost-hardy,cool-season vegetable that can be grown throughout most of the United States,wherever a cool season of sufficient duration exists.For gardening purposes,peas may be classified as garden peas(English peas),snap peas and snow peas(sugar peas).Garden pea varieties have smooth or wrinkled seeds.The smooth-seeded varieties tend to have more starch than the wrinkled-seeded varieties.The wrinkled-seeded varieties are generally sweeter and usually preferred for home use.The smooth-seeded types are used more often to produce ripe seeds that are used like dry beans and to make split-pea sou p.Snap peas have been developed from garden peas to have low-fiber pods that can be snapped and eaten along with the immature peas inside.Snow peas are meant to be harvested as flat,tender pods before the peas inside develop at all.The Southern pea(cowpea)is an entirely different warm-season vegetable that is planted and grown in the same manner as beans.2.Is Organic Food Safe?anic food is as safe to consume as any other kind of food.Just as with any kind of produce,consumers should wash before consuming to ensure maximum cleanliness.As cited above,organic produce contains significantly lower levels of pesticide residues than conventional produce.It is a common misconception that organic food could be at greater risk of E.coli contamination because of raw manure application although conventional farmers commonly apply tons of raw manure as well with no regulation anic standards set strict guidelines on manure use in organic farming:Either it must be first composted,or it must beapplied at least90days before harvest,which allows ample time for microbial breakdown of any pathogens.Why does organic cost more?The cost of organic food is higher than that of conventional food because the organic price tag more closely reflects the true cost of growing the food:substituting labor and intensive management for chemicals,the health and environmental costs of which are borne by society.These costs include cleanup of polluted water and remediation of pesticide contamination.Prices for organic foods include co sts of growing,harvesting,transportation and storage.In the case of processed foods,processing andpackaging costs are also anically produced foods must meet stricter regulations governing all these steps than conventional foods.The intensive management and labor used in organic production are frequently (though not always)more expensive than the chemicals routinely used on conventional farms.There is mounting evidence that if all the indirect costs of conventional food production were factored into the price of food,organic foods would cost the same,or,more likely,be cheaper than conventional food.3.International Coalition Proposes World Hunger ReformsRome,Italy,May28\—An international coalition promoting plant-based solutions to world hunger proposed sweeping reforms to delegates to the Food and Agriculture Organization meeting on world food security in Rome.The purpose of the meeting was to repair a flawed process that was supposed to reduce the number of chronically hungry people in the world by half by the year2015.The coalition’s position paper makes several creative points to clear the impasse:A key root cause of world hunger,aside from natural disasters,pests,and wars,has been the insistence first by colonial powers and now by corporate interests on production of cash crops for export,in place of sufficient nutritious,safe,and accessible food for the local population.International trade can not solve world hunger because it shifts limited agricultural resources to production of cash crops for export,and people who don’t have access to food and other basic necessities of life have nothing to trade.Western meat industries,facing public awareness of the health impacts and strict environmental regulations at home,seek to exploit the natural resources,cheap labor,and potential markets of low-income food-deficient nations (LIFDNs).The definition of food security as the sustainable availability of sufficient amounts of nutritious,safe,and accessible foodstuffs leads inevitably to the choice of plant-based solutions and the avoidance of animal-based solutions.Affluent nations should act upon their moral obligation to provide the resources necessary to transport and distribute western food surpluses to the world’s hungry people and to help set up sustainable production of sufficient nutritious,safe,and accessible locally grown plant-based foods.They should reduce their own dependence on animal-based diets to release foodstuffs for the hungry.LIFDNs should scrutinize carefully all offers of resources to make sure that these truly meet their needs,rather than those of western corporate interests.They should insist on building up sustainable production of sufficient nutritious,safe,and accessible loca lly grown plant-based foods.In addition to distributing the position paper to the delegates,coalition activists also handed out leaflets at the FAO Rome headquarters.Additional actions are planned in connection with the World Food Summit to be held in Rome in November.Members of the coalition include FARM,a U.S.non-profit organization which has promoted sustainable,humane farming practices since1976，and two Italian groups,Societa Vegetariana(Milan)and Progetto Vivere Vegan(Florence).4.Hunger:Vegetarian Solutions Now—VegfamVegfam is a charitable organization with the mission to feed the hung ry without exploit in animals.It was founded in1963in England by Chris and Janet ter Ruth and Friedenstern Howard became Trustees.Frieden and others continue its work today out of the office in Devon,England.(VEGFAM,The Sanctuary,Nr Lydford,Okehampton,Devon EX204AL,England)For over30years,Vegfam has been working with and influencing major charities around the world,by co-financing projects that do not exploit animals.Vegfam works through indigenous on-the-spot representatives,and works with existing charities to support immediate and long-term food and water-aid projects.In working with existing charities,Vegfam educates these groups about the need for relief efforts that do not feed the hungry at the expense of animals and the environment.Short-term aid for famine victims includes purchasing grains,legumes,fruits,nuts,and vegetables,and providing water supplies.Long-term aid includes providing seeds for planting,irrigation projects,digging water wells,providing fruit and nut trees,providing vegetable plots and/or training people to grow vegetables,and Leaf Concentrate projects.Some of the countries aided by Vegfam are India,Bangladesh,Vietnam,Sudan,Ethiopia,Nigeria/Biafra,Somalia,Syria,Lebanon,Zimbabwe,and many more.In1994help was sent to Angola,Rwanda,and Bosnia.Donations made in1995were,in sterling;(1=about $1.60),and the amounts are small compared to need,to:MALAWI(Monkey Bay)1000to finance running a Fruit Tree Nursery.The project is done in conjunction with Concern Universal and the Wildlife Society of Malawi.INDIA(Madurai)1265for two wells in Karumbalai for poor villagers who would otherwise have to walk afar.1935to feed orphans in the orphanage at Chathirpatti.(The orphans are taken in from various disasters in India:flood,earthquake,plague,etc.)Both of these efforts are in support of the work of Pastor Jesudoss.INDIA(Jaipur)500for the leaf concentrate child feeding programs run by Find Your Feet.INDIA(Himalayas Kumaon)500for a medicinal and culinary herb nursery which will help subsistence farmers earn a living and overcome a food shortage,and preserve the wild-growing herbs that are being excessively harvested.EL SALV ADOR2500for growing and drying cowpea leaves to add to children’s snacks to alleviate malnutrition,in cooperation with a local agency,and Find Your Feet.So far in1996donations have been made to:INDIA,through Pastor Jesudoss:500to help feed refugees from Sri Lanka,and1220to the orphanage.ZAMBIA:3000for a maize grinding mill,donated through the Zambian Society Of Vegetarians.MEXICO:2000for a dried leaf project of FIND YOUR FEET with cooperation of a local agency.NIGERIA，and awaiting funding,is a soy flour distribution project to be conducted by the Nigerian Vegetarian Society.5.Something About Chinese AgricultureChina is a country whose population ranks the first in the world.In order to feed the whole population,Chinese farmers must produce enough food.On the other hand,they should produce more and better products which can be exported to improve their living standard.But China only has7%of the land which can be used for farming.Therefore,farmers in China have always been looking for better methods and techniques to produce more food.They have also had to find ways to work on more land with fewer hands.In the past20 years,great achievements have been made in China and China’s farming.With the help of new techniques and the outstanding work of scientists,China has not only solved the problem of hunger but also taken a lead in agricultural research,especially in super hybrid rice,crop genome,fertilizer and so on,causing products tomultiply.It is a kind of agriculture although there are differences between land agriculture and water agriculture.Fish farming involves human help and produces fish protein crops rather than vegetable or meat protein crops.It has been used for2000years in China,Egypt and Rome.Fish can either be kept in earthen ponds or in cages with flowing water passing over the fish.If fish are kept in earthen ponds they can be fed either with extra natural food or with specially produced fish food.If fish are kept in cages they have to be fed on the specially produced fish food.When the fish are ready to be harvested and sold for eating,the earthen ponds can be emptied(if all the fish are to be harvested)or the water reduced(if some of the fish are to remain).In the cages all the fish would be harvested together.There is the problem of disease with fish kept in cages.They are generally too close together so they get lice.These parasites can be killed by giving medicine to the fish.But as time goes by,the medicine is not able to kill all the lice.So if some of the lice get onto the wild fish they kill many of them as wild fish have no medicine to protect them.So fish farming can cause problems for wild populations of fish.6.Modern AgricultureFor thousands of years traditional agriculture in China did not change very much.Most farms were one-family businesses.Although China is a very big country,only7%of the land can be used for farming.It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.It is from the early1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.Chemical fertilization,for example,helps to produce better crops,but is harmful to the environment.New techniques should increase agricultural production but also be friendly to environment.Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.Not only food production is important but also taking care of the environment.The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable ing the latest technologies,Chinese scientists grow vegetables in greenhouses.The roots of these vegetables are not planted in earth but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow.Today,many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses.They are protected from the wind,rain and insects.The temperature is controlled with computers,or kept the same,no matter how the weather is outside.Language points1.Dr Yuan grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁博士种植了被人称作超级杂交水稻的稻谷。

Step1 phrases:1.待售__________2. 需要_____________3.给..造成伤害_____________4.将…洗掉_____________ 5 增强，建立________________6.导致_________ 7.另外________________ 8.转向，向..求救___________9.集中于_____________________ 10.使…免受（影响，受害等）__________________Step2 Language points1.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；混淆【原句】______________________________________(P13)否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。

(1)Don’t give me so much information—you are confusing me.有时候连他们的妈妈都分不清楚这一对双胞胎(2)The twins even sometimes_____________________拓展______________把A 与B混淆____________ adj 不知所措的，困惑的_________________对什么感到困惑___________ adj (事物）令人不知所措的，困惑的__________________n 困惑；混乱Don’t confuse Austria with Australia.I was confused about the confusing murder.用confuse的适当形式填空①This is a __________problem whic h many scientists don’t know how to solve.②What he said made me totally_____________ .③There seems to be some________________ about who actually won2.regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔【原句】_________________________________________________.(P13)如果现在你不好好学习，将来你会后悔的。